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From Complaisance to Collaboration: Analyzing Citizens╎ Motives Near
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Proceedings of the Tenth Annual MadRush MAD-RUSH Undergraduate Research Conference Conference: Best Papers, Spring 2019 From Complaisance to Collaboration: Analyzing Citizens’ Motives Near Concentration and Extermination Camps During the Holocaust Jordan Green Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/madrush Part of the European History Commons, and the Holocaust and Genocide Studies Commons Green, Jordan, "From Complaisance to Collaboration: Analyzing Citizens’ Motives Near Concentration and Extermination Camps During the Holocaust" (2019). MAD-RUSH Undergraduate Research Conference. 1. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/madrush/2019/holocaust/1 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conference Proceedings at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in MAD-RUSH Undergraduate Research Conference by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. From Complaisance to Collaboration: Analyzing Citizens’ Motives Near Concentration and Extermination Camps During the Holocaust Jordan Green History 395 James Madison University Spring 2018 Dr. Michael J. Galgano The Holocaust has raised difficult questions since its end in April 1945 including how could such an atrocity happen and how could ordinary people carry out a policy of extermination against a whole race? To answer these puzzling questions, most historians look inside the Nazi Party to discern the Holocaust’s inner-workings: official decrees and memos against the Jews and other untermenschen1, the role of the SS, and the organization and brutality within concentration and extermination camps. However, a vital question about the Holocaust is missing when examining these criteria: who was watching? Through research, the local inhabitants’ knowledge of a nearby concentration camp, extermination camp or mass shooting site and its purpose was evident and widespread. -
A Matter of Comparison: the Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity an Analysis and Overview of Comparative Literature and Programs
O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N A Matter Of Comparison: The Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity An Analysis And Overview Of Comparative Literature and Programs Koen Kluessien & Carse Ramos December 2018 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance A Matter of Comparison About the IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research both nationally and internationally. The IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organisation that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked former president Bill Clinton and former British prime minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust education, which took place in Stockholm between 27–29 January 2000. The Forum was attended by the representatives of 46 governments including; 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. The IHRA currently has 31 Member Countries, 10 Observer Countries and seven Permanent International Partners. -
March 8-11, 2014 Los Angeles, California the 44Th Annual Scholars' Conference on the Holocaust and the Churches
Remembering for the Future: Armenia, Auschwitz and Beyond The 44th Annual Scholars’ Conference on the Holocaust and the Churches March 8-11, 2014 Los Angeles, California Sponsored by 1 The Annual Scholars’ Conference gratefully acknowledges the support of the following individuals and organizations that make this work possible.* CONFERENCE SPONSOR & HOST American Jewish University CO-SPONSORS Sigi Ziering Institute — American Jewish University CONTRIBUTORS Jennifer & Stephen Dahnert Evan Sachs Joyce Eisenberg Susan & Jonathan Sachs Rosalie H. Franks Teresa & Robert Sachs Richard Libowitz Gail H. & Douglas S. Stanger Marcia Sachs Littell George T. Steeley, III Set Momjian William Younglove *List Incomplete COLLEGIAL SPONSORS The Azrieli Foundation – Toronto Facing History & Ourselves National Foundation Founded by Franklin H. Littell and Hubert G. Locke in 1970, The Annual Scholars’ Conference on the Holocaust and the Churches provides an invaluable forum for scholars to report the latest findings in Holocaust research, ensuring the lessons of the Holocaust remain relevant for today’s world. As the first Conference bringing together Christian and Jewish scholars to examine the lessons of the Holocaust and its message for contemporary society forty-four years ago, the ASC is the oldest continuing conference of its kind in North America and remains the only one to include discussions of the role and responsibilities of the Churches, the Universities, the large Corporations and the Professions (medicine, law and media). The continuing goal of the ASC is to aspire to the continuum of respecting the past, with a realistic involvement of the present, in order that we preserve a future that retains the dignity and integrity of every human person. -
The Holocaust in Hungary
THE HOLOCAUST IN HUNGARY When the Germans entered Hungary on March 19, 1944, its more than 800,000 Jews were the last intact Jewish community in occupied Europe. Between May 14 and July 9 – in less than two months and on the very eve of Allied victory – more than 400,000 were deported to Auschwitz, where 75% were killed immediately. Such swift, concentrated destruction could not have happened without the help of local collaborators – help Adolf Eichmann clearly expected when he brought only 200 staff with him to oversee the deportations. Collaborators included the government, the right wing parties, and the law-enforcement agencies, bolstered by the tacit approval of most non-Jews and Church authorities. Indeed, laws allowing synagogues to be expropriated for secular use and the many private requests for real estate and other property formerly owned by Jews, indicate that few expected any Jews to return. The Vatican, the International Red Cross, the Allies, and the neutral powers also had a role in the catastrophe, since it took place when details of the “Final Solution” – especially the Hungarian situation – were already known to them. In summer 1944, at the height of the deportations, the Allies rejected Jewish underground leaders’ pleas to bomb Auschwitz and the rail lines leading to it, claiming that bombers flying from Britain were incapable of attacking Poland and could not be diverted to targets not "military related." To be sure, pressure from President Roosevelt, Sweden’s king, and the pope – combined with the success of Operation Overlord and the Soviet Union’s summer offensive and Allied intimations they would carpet-bomb Budapest if its Jews were deported – did force Regent Miklos Horthy to stop the trains on July 7, 1944. -
HBO and the HOLOCAUST: CONSPIRACY, the HISTORICAL FILM, and PUBLIC HISTORY at WANNSEE Nicholas K. Johnson Submitted to the Facul
HBO AND THE HOLOCAUST: CONSPIRACY, THE HISTORICAL FILM, AND PUBLIC HISTORY AT WANNSEE Nicholas K. Johnson Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in the Department of History, Indiana University December 2016 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Master’s Thesis Committee __________________________________ Raymond J. Haberski, Ph.D., Chair __________________________________ Thorsten Carstensen, Ph.D. __________________________________ Kevin Cramer, Ph.D. ii Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank the members of my committee for supporting this project and offering indispensable feedback and criticism. I would especially like to thank my chair, Ray Haberski, for being one of the most encouraging advisers I have ever had the pleasure of working with and for sharing his passion for film and history with me. Thorsten Carstensen provided his fantastic editorial skills and for all the times we met for lunch during my last year at IUPUI. I would like to thank Kevin Cramer for awakening my interest in German history and for all of his support throughout my academic career. Furthermore, I would like to thank Jason M. Kelly, Claudia Grossmann, Anita Morgan, Rebecca K. Shrum, Stephanie Rowe, Modupe Labode, Nancy Robertson, and Philip V. Scarpino for all the ways in which they helped me during my graduate career at IUPUI. I also thank the IUPUI Public History Program for admitting a Germanist into the Program and seeing what would happen. I think the experiment paid off. -
Kristallnacht Caption: Local Residents Watch As Flames Consume The
Kristallnacht Caption: Local residents watch as flames consume the synagogue in Opava, set on fire during Kristallnacht. Description of event: Literally, "Night of Crystal," is often referred to as the "Night of Broken Glass." The name refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms which took place throughout Germany, annexed Austria, and in areas of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia recently occupied by German troops. Instigated primarily by Nazi Party officials and members of the SA (Sturmabteilungen: literally Assault Detachments, but commonly known as Storm Troopers) and Hitler Youth, Kristallnacht owes its name to the shards of shattered glass that lined German streets in the wake of the pogrom- broken glass from the windows of synagogues, homes, and Jewish-owned businesses plundered and destroyed during the violence. Nuremberg Laws Caption: A young baby lies on a park bench marked with a J to indicate it is only for Jews. Description of event: Antisemitism and the persecution of Jews represented a central tenet of Nazi ideology. In their 25-point Party Program, published in 1920, Nazi party members publicly declared their intention to segregate Jews from "Aryan" society and to abrogate Jews' political, legal, and civil rights.Nazi leaders began to make good on their pledge to persecute German Jews soon after their assumption of power. During the first six years of Hitler's dictatorship, from 1933 until the outbreak of war in 1939, Jews felt the effects of more than 400 decrees and regulations that restricted all aspects of their public and private lives. Many of those laws were national ones that had been issued by the German administration and affected all Jews. -
Holocaust Intersections in 21St-Century Europe
Holocaust Intersections in 21st-Century Europe edited by Robert S. C. Gordon, Emiliano Perra Issue n. 10, Dicember 2016 QUEST N. 10 QUEST. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History. Journal of Fondazione CDEC Editors Guri Schwarz (Università di Pisa, editor in chief), Elissa Bemporad (Queens College of the City University of New York), Tullia Catalan (Università di Trieste), Cristiana Facchini (Alma Mater, Università di Bologna), Gadi Luzzatto Voghera (Fondazione CDEC), Michele Sarfatti (Fondazione CDEC), Marcella Simoni (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia), Ulrich Wyrwa (Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung, Berlin). Editorial Assistants Laura Brazzo (Fondazione CDEC) Sara Airoldi (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Matteo Perissinotto (Università di Trieste) Book Review Editor Dario Miccoli (Università Cà Foscari, Venezia) Editorial Advisory Board Ruth Ben Ghiat (New York University), Paolo Luca Bernardini (Università dell’Insubria), Dominique Bourel (Université de la Sorbonne, Paris), Michael Brenner (Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München), Enzo Campelli (Università La Sapienza di Roma), Francesco Cassata (Università di Genova), David Cesarani z.l. (Royal Holloway College, London), Marco Cuzzi (Università degli Studi di Milano), Roberto Della Rocca (DEC, Roma), Lois Dubin (Smith College, Northampton), Jacques Ehrenfreund (Université de Lausanne), Katherine E. Fleming (New York University), Anna Foa (Università La Sapienza di Roma), Ada Gigli Marchetti (Università degli Studi di Milano), François Guesnet (University College London), Alessandro -
Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States V
American University International Law Review Volume 12 | Issue 1 Article 3 1997 Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States v. Lindert K. Lesli Ligomer Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Ligorner, K. Lesli. "Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States v. Lindert." American University International Law Review 12, no. 1 (1997): 145-193. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMP GUARD SERVICE EQUALS "GOODMORAL CHARACTER"?: UNITED STATES V. LINDERT By K Lesli Ligorner Fetching the newspaper from your porch, you look up and wave at your elderly neighbor across the street. This quiet man emigrated to the United States from Europe in the 1950s. Upon scanning the newspaper, you discover his picture on the front page and a story revealing that he guarded a notorious Nazi concen- tration camp. How would you react if you knew that this neighbor became a natu- ralized citizen in 1962 and that naturalization requires "good moral character"? The systematic persecution and destruction of innocent peoples from 1933 until 1945 remains a dark chapter in the annals of twentieth century history. Though the War Crimes Trials at Nilnberg' occurred over fifty years ago, the search for those who participated in Nazi-sponsored persecution has not ended. -
6 X 10.5 Long Title.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89974-1 - Nazi Crimes and the Law Edited by Nathan Stoltzfus and Henry Friedlander Index More information Index accessories, accomplices vs. main Austrian Research Center for Postwar perpetrators, 11, 30–3, 95–7, 98–9, Trials, 150 137 Adenauer, Konrad, 10, 66, 116, 159, Babi Yar massacre, 40 162 Badoglio, Petro, 119, 121, 123 policies of amnesty and reintegration, 9, Balkans, 11, 12, 120, 174 83, 115, 158 Barge, Hans, 120–22, 125 Adorno, Theodor, 87, 116 Bartesch, Martin, 140, 142 Alexandria, 103, 104 Barthel, Heinrich, 46–51 Allied Control Council, 3, 43, Baunbuch (“brown book), 167 60 Befehlsnotstand. See defense arguments Allied High Commission, 158 Belgium, 76, 141 Alzey, 22 Benda, Ernst, 170 amnesty. See reintegration of former Bergen Belsen, 69 Nazis Bergerhoff, Hans, 78 Ankenbrand, Adam, 74–6 Berlin, 35, 54, 120, 129 Anschluss, 17, 67, 143 Berlin Wall, 114, 134, 166 anti-Semitism, 63–4, 67, 84, 97, 104–5, Bernburg, 23 111–12 Bernotat, Fritz, 52, 55–62 archives. See documents, documentary Birkenau concentration camp, 31, 204, 210 evidence Black, Peter, 186, 188, 192 Aristarco, Guido, 128 blacks, legislation against, 20 Arys, East Prussia, 104 Blum, Leon, 73 Auerswald, Willy, 79 Blum, Philipp, 55–61 Auschwitz, 76, 141, 142, 147, 179, 181, Blume, Manfred, 106, 110–11 211, 213 Bolker, Hermann, 57 war crimes trials, 28, 31, 141, 153, 164, Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 92 180 Bracher, Karl Dietrich, 39 Austin, Elmore, 47 Bradfisch, Otto, 95–7 Austria, 11–12, 15, 17, 27, 73, 139–42 Brandenburg, 23 people’s court -
Academic Awards & Fellowship Opportunities
Fall 2018 More about Global Awards More about Global Awards Global Awards are Academic Awards & competitive, merit Global Awards basedare competitive, scholarships merit andbased fellowships scholarships intend- Fellowship Opportunities edand to fellowships support out-that standingsupport outstandingstudents in Select Fellowships with Upcoming Deadlines theirstudents academicin their and professionalacademic and endeavors; Critical Language Scholar- James C. Gaither Junior Fel- the NYU Office of ship lows Program professional Globalendeavors. Awards supports The Critical Language Schol- The James C. Gaither Junior student applications to arship is a fully-funded lan- Fellows Program provides a 20 different awards guage and cultural enrich- year-long fellowship at the Car- The NYU Office ment program of the U.S. negie Endowment for Interna- of Global Awards Department of State, Bureau tional Peace in Washington, supports Liberal student Studies of Educational and Cultural D.C. studentsapplications have to been 25 Affairs. The aim of the CLS is DAAD recipients of the Fulbright UK Summer Institute different awards. to increase the number of DAAD scholarships provide op- Fulbright, Critical Americans studying and mas- Fulbright UK Summer Insti- portunities for graduate and un- Language Scholarship, tering critical foreign lan- Liberal Studies tutes are 3-to-4 week programs dergraduate students to study or guages. Gilman,students Soros have and oth- for U.S. undergraduates. Partici- conduct research in Germany. ersreceived the Rhodes, Beinecke Scholarship pants explore the culture, herit- Fulbright, Critical age and history of the UK while Please consult the NYU Global The Beinecke Scholarship Language awards substantial scholar- experiencing higher education at Awards website for internal Scholarship, Gilman, ships to students to support a UK university. -
The Holocaust
The Holocaust The Holocaust by ReadWorks The Holocaust refers to the horrific time period from 1933 to 1945 when throughout Europe over six million Jewish men, women, and children were systematically killed by the Nazi government of Germany. This period is one of the most tragic chapters in human history. The Nazi government perceived the Jewish people as an inferior race and a threat to humanity. As a result, the Nazi government, led by Adolph Hitler, organized the mass murder of Jewish people. Their ultimate goal was to kill all Jewish people. Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, representing the Nazi Party. He hated Jewish people. Soon after he became chancellor, the Nazi government made laws to limit the freedoms of Jewish people. The government also distributed anti-Semitic, or anti-Jewish, propaganda to the German people. Hitler believed that some groups of people were superior to other groups. He believed the Jewish people were not only a religious group; he defined them as a race. Hitler claimed that the Jewish people were a disease to humanity. The phrase, "The Jewish Question" referred to the question of the role of the Jewish people in society. The Nazi government looked to its own anti-Semitic policies as an answer. The Nazis developed a plan for the extermination of all Jewish people. They called it "The Final Solution to the Jewish Question." During World War II, the Nazis rounded up Jewish people who were still in Germany and Nazi- controlled territories. Some had already left or were in hiding, but many had decided to stay or had nowhere to go. -
Steinweis on Burleigh, 'Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia
H-German Steinweis on Burleigh, 'Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany, c.1900 to 1945' and Friedlander, 'The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution' Review published on Saturday, August 31, 1996 Michael Burleigh. Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany, c.1900 to 1945. Cambridge England: Cambridge University Press, 1994. xvii + 382 pp. $59.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-521-41613-9; $22.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-521-47769-7.Henry Friedlander. The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. xxiii + 421 pp. $34.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8078-2208-1. Reviewed by Alan E. Steinweis (University of Nebraska, Lincoln) Published on H-German (August, 1996) One of the salient features of Holocaust historiography in recent years has been a divergence between an essentially Judeocentric approach that pays relatively little attention to the non-Jewish victims of Nazi Germany, and an approach that endeavors to contextualize the persecution and murder of the Jews as a part of a broader Nazi program of racial purification and territorial aggrandizement. The two studies under review fall into the latter category. Both posit a close connection, ideologically and even organizationally, between the notorious Nazi "euthanasia" policy and the "Final Solution" of the "Jewish Question." But, even more significantly, both works place their primary focus on Nazi eugenics measures targeted at the disabled, emphasizing the point that Nazi "euthanasia" can no longer be understood as a mere preface to the Final Solution. The murder of the disabled was, according to these books, an integral part of the Holocaust.