Messages Related to the Conflict in Zootopia by Jared Bush and Phil Johnston

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MESSAGES RELATED TO THE CONFLICT IN ZOOTOPIA BY JARED BUSH AND PHIL JOHNSTON

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By NADYA STEPHANIE SUCIPTO Student Number: 174214085

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2021

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MESSAGES RELATED TO THE CONFLICT IN ZOOTOPIA BY JARED BUSH AND PHIL JOHNSTON

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By NADYA STEPHANIE SUCIPTO Student Number: 174214085

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2021

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A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis

MESSAGES RELATED TO THE CONFLICT IN ZOOTOPIA BY JARED BUSH AND PHIL JOHNSTON

By NADYA STEPHANIE SUCIPTO Student Number: 174214085

Approved by

Drs. Hirmawan Wijarnaka, M.Hum June 4, 2021 Advisor

Elisabeth Oseanita Pukan S.S., M.A. June 4, 2021 Co-Advisor

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A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis

MESSAGES RELATED TO THE CONFLICT IN ZOOTOPIA BY JARED BUSH AND PHIL JOHNSTON

By NADYA STEPHANIE SUCIPTO Student Number: 174214085

Defended before the Board of Examiners on June 16, 2021 and Declared Acceptable

BOARD OF EXAMINERS

NAME SIGNATURE Chairperson : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum ______Secretary : Elisabeth Oseanita Pukan, S.S., M.A. ______Member 1 : Epata Puji Astuti, S.S., M.A. ______Member 2 : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum ______Member 3 : Elisabeth Oseanita Pukan, S.S., M.A. ______

Yogyakarta, June 30, 2021 Faculty of Letters Universitas Sanata Dharma Dean

Dr. Tatang Iskarna

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the undergraduate thesis.

June 3, 2021

Nadya Stephanie Sucipto

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma

Nama : Nadya Stephanie Sucipto Nomor Mahasiswa : 174214085

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul

MESSAGES RELATED TO THE CONFLICT IN ZOOTOPIA BY JARED BUSH AND PHIL JOHNSTON beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal 3 Juni 2021

Yang menyatakan,

Nadya Stephanie Sucipto

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“Life is tough, my darling, But so are you.” - Stephanie Bennett Henry

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to God for giving me strength, and motivation to finish this thesis. I would like to thank my thesis advisor,

Drs. Hirmawan Wijarnaka, M.Hum, for his guidance, time, and help during the process of writing this thesis. I would like to thank Miss Elisabeth Oseanita Pukan

S.S., M.A., my co-advisor in writing this thesis, and Mrs. Epata Puji Astuti, S.S.,

M.A. as my examiner.

I would like to express my gratitude to my family, especially my older sister,

Sunshine Indriane, who always supports me and encourages me to finish this thesis.

My older brother, who always listen to my complaints all the time. For my friends from high school who always get me out from my room, and remind me to take a break during the process of writing my thesis. Lastly, I would also like to thank my friends for being here since the first semester in Sanata Dharma. Without you guys,

I would be lost. I would certainly miss our gossiping and “mau makan apa nanti”.

Nadya Stephanie Sucipto

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ...... ii APPROVAL PAGE ...... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ...... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ...... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ...... vi MOTTO PAGE ...... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... ix ABSTRACT ...... xi ABSTRAK ...... xii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Problem Formulation ...... 5 C. Objectives of the Study ...... 5 D. Definition of Terms ...... 5

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...... 7 A. Review of Related Studies ...... 7 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 13 1. Theory of Characterization ...... 13 2. Theory of Message ...... 17 3. Theory of Conflict ...... 17 C. Theoretical Framework ...... 18

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...... 20 A. Object of the Study...... 20 B. Approach of the Study ...... 21 C. Method of the Study ...... 22

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CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ...... 24 A. The Characteristics of Judy Hopps in Zootopia ...... 24 1. Brave ...... 24 2. Smart ...... 25 3. Hard-working ...... 29 4. Kind ...... 31 5. Ambitious ...... 34 6. Confident ...... 35 B. The Conflict Experienced by Judy Hopps in Zootopia ...... 36 1. Discrimination ...... 37 2. Fear of Predator Animals ...... 42 C. Messages Related to the Conflict in Zootopia ...... 45 1. Discrimination and Stereotype Can be Eliminated ...... 47 2. Everyone Can Achieve Their Dreams ...... 50 3. Do Not Judge a Book by Its Cover ...... 51

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ...... 53 REFERENCES ...... 59

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ABSTRACT

SUCIPTO, NADYA STEPHANIE. (2021). Messages Related to the Conflict in Zootopia by Jared Bush and Phil Johnston. Yogyakarta: English Letters Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

A conflict is an important part in every story and is the basic idea in a story. Conflict is a struggle between two opposing forces. Discrimination could happen anywhere, anytime, and to anyone. It often happens to minorities such as in race, religion, or color. It could happen in a number of settings, mostly happens in public places. Discrimination is often portrayed in literary works because it depicted the situation in the real world. Literature can take any form, such as comic strips, cartoons, speeches, movies, and music. Fictional persons, animals, monsters, and also inanimate objects are fictional characters or fictional entities or fictional objects. This undergraduate thesis analyzes the main character of Zootopia, Judy Hopps, a female rabbit police officer. In the script and movie, Judy Hopps experiences external conflict since she was young.

There are three objectives in this undergraduate thesis. The first one is to identify the characteristics of Judy Hopps in Zootopia movie script. The second objective is to find out Judy Hopps’ experiences with her conflict in Zootopia. The third objective is to find out the messages related to the conflict in Zootopia.

This research uses library research method. The primary data of this undergraduate thesis is a movie script of Zootopia movie written by Jared Bush and Phil Johnston. The secondary sources are taken from books, journals, e-books, and articles. The researcher uses theory of characterization by Boggs and Petrie to find out Judy Hopps’ characteristics, and theory of message by David Bordwell to find out the messages related to the conflict that Judy experienced in Zootopia. The approach used in this research is New Criticism approach.

This research concludes that Judy Hopps is a proof that discrimination and stereotype can be eliminated, and everyone can achieve their dreams. Judy Hopps’ characteristics helped her break the discrimination and stereotype set in Zootopia, which is prey animals are weaker than predators. The city of Zootopia has a motto that “Anyone can be anything,” but discrimination still happens there. However, Judy never gives up on her dreams and becomes the first rabbit police officer. Judy encourages other animals to follow her footsteps to make a change, because she believes that no matter who you are, you can be anything, and change starts with you.

Keywords: conflict, Zootopia, stereotype

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ABSTRAK

SUCIPTO, NADYA STEPHANIE. (2021). Messages Related to the Conflict in Zootopia by Jared Bush and Phil Johnston. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Konflik merupakan bagian penting dalam setiap cerita dan merupakan ide dasar dalam sebuah cerita. Diskriminasi bisa terjadi kapan saja, di mana saja, pada siapa saja. Biasanya sering terjadi terhadap kaum minoritas seperti di ras, agama, atau warna kulit. Diskriminasi dapat terjadi di berbagai tempat, kebanyakan terjadi di tempat umum. Diskriminasi sering digambarkan dalam karya sastra karena menggambarkan situasi di dunia nyata. Sastra bisa berbentuk apa saja, seperti komik, kartun, pidato, film, dan musik. Karakter fiksi, hewan, monster, dan juga benda mati adalh tokoh fiksi atau entitas fiksi atau benda fiksi. Skripsi ini menganalisis karakter utama Zootopia, yaitu Judy Hopps, seorang polisi kelinci wanita. Dalam skrip dan film, Judy Hopps mengalami konflik sejak kecil.

Ada tiga obyektif dalam riset ini. Obyektif pertama adalah menemukan deskripsi karakter Judy Hopps dalam skrip Zootopia. Obyektif kedua adalah menemukan pengalaman Judy Hopps dengan konflik yang Judy alami di Zootopia. Obyektif ketiga adalah untuk menemukan pesan-pesan terkait konflik tersebut di Zootopia.

Riset ini menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka. Sumber utama dari riset ini adalah naskah Zootopia yang ditulis oleh Jared Bush dan Phil Johnston. Sumber sekunder diambil dari buku-buku, jurnal, dan artikel. Peneliti menggunakan teori karakterisasi oleh Boggs dan Petrie untuk mengetahui karakteristik Judy Hopps, dan teori pesan oleh David Bordwell untuk mengetahui pesan-pesan di Zootopia. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kritik sastra baru.

Riset ini menyimpulkan bahwa Judy Hopps adalah bukti bahwa diskriminasi dan sterotipe dapat dihilangkan, dan setiap orang dapat mencapai impiannya. Karakteristik Judy Hopps membantunya mematahkan diskriminasi dan sterotip yang ada di Zootopia, yaitu hewan mangsa lebih lemah dari predator. Kota Zootoppia memiliki semboyan bahwa “Siapapun bisa menjadi apa saja,” tetapi diskriminasi masih terjadi di sana. Namun, Judy tidak pernah menyerah pada mimpinya dan menjadi polisi kelinci pertama di Zootopia. Judy mendorong hewan lain untuk mengikuti jejaknya untuk melakukan perubahan, karena ia percaya bahwa siapa pun Anda, Anda bisa menjadi siapa saja, dan perubahan dimulai dari Anda.

Kata kunci: konflik, Zootopia, stereotip

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

A conflict is an important part in every story and it is the basic idea in a story. From an article written by Fleming, a conflict can be defined as a struggle between opposing forces. It can be between two characters, a character and nature, or an internal struggle (2020, para. 2). According to Boggs and Petrie, a conflict is the element that really captures the audience’s interest, increased the audience’s experiences, and challenges them (2012, p. 47).

Discrimination is a conflict between two opposing forces. Discrimination could happen anywhere, anytime, and to anyone. Even to this day, discrimination still happens and many people have experienced it. Discrimination often happens to minorities such as in race, religion, or color. Discrimination has become a tool for people to degrade and treat these minority groups poorly. An article by

American Psychological Association (APA) retrieved from www.apa.org, discrimination is an unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age or sexual orientation (Discrimination,

2019, para. 1).

Based on the research done by the FindLaw’s team of legal writers and editors, discrimination can occur in a number of settings, including education, employment, housing, government benefits and services, health care services, land use or zoning, lending and credit, public accomodations,

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transporations, and voting (2019, para. 3). Based on the statement, it can be concluded that discrimination often happen in public places including in the workplace.

The United Nations’ International Labor Organization (2015) defined employment discrimination as “any distinction, exclusion or preference made on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin, which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation” (Cheung et al., 2016, p. 4).

It means any distinction such as race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, or social origin, affected how people treated their colleagues or employee in the workplace. It often results in people mistreating their colleagues or employee. Wellek and Warren stated that literature is an “imitation” of life and social life in particular (1956, p. 109). Discrimination is often portrayed in literary works because it depicted the situation in the real world. Literary works are the reflection of real life. According to Krystal, quoting Marcus and Werner, “literary means not only what is written but what is voiced, what is expressed, what is invented, in whatever form” (2014, para. 1). It means that literature can take any forms. Krystal also stated that maps, sermons, comic strips, cartoons, speeches, photographs, movies, war memorials, and music are all literature (2014, para. 1).

According to the Kroon and Voltolini, fictional persons, animals, monsters, and also inanimate objects are fictional characters or fictional entities or fictional objects (2018, para. 2). “Zootopia” is a movie that only has animals as their characters, and Zootopia itself is the name of the city that these animals live. In this study, the researcher analyzes Zootopia using the movie script as the object of the study.

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Zootopia is a Walt Disney animated movie released on March 4, 2016. The story is written by Byron Howard, Rich Moore, Jared Bush, Jim Reardon, Josie

Trinidad, Phil Johnston, and Jennifer Lee. However, the screenplay is written by only Jared Bush and Phil Johnston, and the movie is directed by Byron Howard,

Rich Moore, and Jared Bush. Zootopia has won several big awards in 2017, such as an Animated Feature Film category at the 89th Academy Awards, Best Motion

Picture - Animated category at the 74th Golden Globe Awards, Favorite Animated

Movie category at the 2017 Kids’ Choice Awards and many more. Zootopia is also nominated for Best Animated Feature Film category at the 70th British Academy

Film Awards, and Favorite Movie and Favorite Family Movie categories at the 43rd

People’s Choice Awards. Zootopia received many positive reviews and gained 8/10 ratings on IMDb and the movie grossed $341 million (Zootopia - IMDb, 2016).

Zootopia is a movie about a female rabbit named Judy Hopps, who had a dream to become a police officer when she was young because she wants to make the world a better place. Her dream caused her parents to worry because there are no rabbits who work as police officers before. Fifteen years later, Judy attended the

Zootopia Police Academy, where she had to work hard to prove that she deserves to be there. All the cadets at the police academy had to go through the simulation test to graduate. The cadets at the academy are mostly big animals such as elephants, wolves, polar bears, and lions. Judy was the only rabbit and the smallest cadet at the academy. The simulation test consists of a few ecosystems that exists in the city of Zootopia. Judy graduated from the police academy and is placed on the 1st precinct in the heart of Zootopia, where 90 percent of its inhabitants are prey, and

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the 10 percent is predators. According to Aqueda, prey animals are animals that are preyed on, and are often herbivorous (2019, para. 3). Predator animals need to kill and eat other animals in order to survive (Fair, 2021, para. 1).

Judy Hopps left her parents and 245 siblings behind at Bunnyburrow, her hometown, and moved to Zootopia. The city of Zootopia has its own motto, which is “Anyone can be anything.” Judy is well known as the first rabbit to become a police officer. On her first day, Chief Bogo, an African buffalo, assigned her to the parking duty while her colleagues were given the 14 missing mammal cases, clearly underestimating her intelligence and skills as a police officer because she is a rabbit.

Later on, Judy promised a female otter to find her missing husband and Chief Bogo only gave her 48 hours to find the missing otter named Emmitt Otterton. With the help of a con fox, Nick Wilder, she began working on finding Emmitt Otterton.

Later on, Judy and Nick found all of the missing animals.

After watching the movie and reading the movie script, the researcher wants to analyze the conflict that Judy Hopps experienced in the movie. Zootopia is a movie that shows how Judy experienced external conflict since she was young.

Even when she was in the academy, she was seen as weaker than any other animal and that she was not capable of being a police officer because she was the smallest cadet. Zootopia is essential because the movie gives us more knowledge on not to treat people differently just because of they are different than most people, and not judge others based on their looks. This movie also showed how Judy works hard to prove everyone, who underestimated her and overlooked her, wrong.

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B. Problem Formulation

In this study, the researcher formulates three problems:

1. How are the characteristics of Judy Hopps portrayed in Zootopia?

2. How does Judy Hopps experience her conflict in Zootopia?

3. What are the messages related to the conflict revealed in Zootopia?

C. Objectives of the Study

There are three objectives in this study. The first objective is to portray the characteristics of Judy Hopps in Zootopia movie script. The second objective is to find out Judy Hopps’ experiences with her conflict in Zootopia. The third objective is to find out the messages related to conflict in Zootopia.

D. Definition of Terms

In this part, the researcher mentions three definition of terms used in this study which need to be explained. Those definition of terms are discrimination, message, and conflict.

The first term is discrimination. Discrimination is an action where a group of people treats another group of people or individuals differently because of their distinctive features or characteristics or backgrounds. According to Eidelson, to discriminate against someone, one must treat him differently in some dimension than others, and this differential treatment must be comparatively disadvantageous to him in some respect (2015, p. 15). Aguirre states that discrimination is a process

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by an individual, group, or subpopulation of individuals that deny another individual, group, or subpopulation to valued resources (2010, p. 6).

Discrimination is a universal problem. According to Khan Academy, “In this inequal social system, there is often unfair treatment directed against certain individuals or social groups (Examples of Prejudice & Discrimination in Society

Today (Article), n.d.)”. Discrimination is an unfair treatment that a certain group of people or individuals faces daily. Discrimination often happens to a minority group or an individual that belongs to this minority group. This treatment usually has negative effects on a certain group of people or individuals. From this definition, the term of discrimination in this study means treating other people differently because of their differences that also disadvantageous and unfair to those people who are being discriminated. Different treatment in discrimination implies a group of people deny or restrict a certain group or individual from getting their rights.

The second term is message. In Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary

(“Message,” 2020), message is defined as an underlying theme or idea. From this definition, the term message in this study is the underlying message behind the event that Judy Hopps’ experienced in the movie.

The third term is conflict. According to DiYanni, conflict is a struggle between opposing forces in a story or play, it may occur within a character and between characters, usually resolved by the end of the work (2021). From this definition, the term of conflict in this study is the conflict that Judy Hopps experienced within herself and other characters in the movie.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Review of Related Studies

In this part, the researcher reviews certain studies that have been done that have a similar topic with the researcher’s study. The researcher finds some related studies that discuss the same topic but in different work. This part aims to find the differences and the similarities between this study and other studies.

The first study is a journal article conducted by James Madula, Singgih Daru

Kuncara, and Chris Asanti (2017) entitled Rebellion Against Racism and

Discrimination in the Movies Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes. This study discusses three problem formulations. The first is the racism treatments from human toward the apes. The second is the discrimination from humans toward apes. The third and the last one is the rebellion actions from the apes.

The researchers in this journal article analyzed the two movies Rise of the

Planet of the Apes and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, using the movie scripts. The researchers discuss the racism and discrimination that the apes experienced in the movies that lead them to rebel against humans. This journal article analyzes the content of the movies from the dialog or conversations between the main characters and also the actions in the movies. This journal article uses a content analysis approach as stated in the journal article “This research identifies the human connections and explores the verbal, visual, themes and the biases in the

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movie (2017, p. 132)”.

The theories of rebellion, racism, and discrimination are also applied to support this journal article. This journal article consists of racism towards the apes in the two movies as they mention:

The racism treatments from Humans toward the Apes could be seen by how they thought about the Apes and how they treat the Apes unfairly. Human thought that the Apes are just a species which are not worthy than Human. They thought that the Apes are not intelligent enough and Apes are weak (2017, p. 134).

Madula, Kuncara, and Asanti stated that individual racism is the most dominant issue in the movies, and individual racism is followed by discrimination treatments. “The discrimination treatments in the movies appeared close enough with the emergence of individual racism action, which means that where there is individual racism action, there is also discrimination action (2017, p. 136)”. This journal article also consists of discrimination treatments from humans toward apes, as they mention:

Humans were not just being rasict to the Apes by their words or prejudice towards the Apes, but even worst. The Apes were discriminated by humans, not just through their physics but also their rights as living creatures (p. 134).

The conclusion from this journal article is in the two movies, Rise of the

Planet of the Apes and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, humans mistreated the apes, using them as human’s experiments and putting the apes’ lives in danger. The individual racism action is followed by discrimination action, leading to the apes’ rebellion against humans.

The researcher finds that Madula, Kuncara, and Asanti’s journal article and this study is similar in terms of the topic, which is discrimination. Even though this

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study and Madula, Kuncara and Asanti’s journal article analyze discrimination, they have different objects. At the same time, Madula, Kuncara, and Asanti use Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes as their objects, this study uses Zootopia as the object. Madula, Kuncara, and Asanti analyze discrimination using content analysis approach, and this study uses New Criticism approach. Madula, Kuncara, and Asanti also examine the racism and the rebellion in the movies, and this study only analyzes the discrimination that the main character, Judy Hopps, experienced.

The second study is from Bertha Uli Fransiska Pasaribu (2019) entitled The

Struggles Against Multiple Discrimination in Hidden Figures. Pasaribu discusses three problem formulations in their undergraduate thesis. The first is figuring out the characteristics of the main characters of Hidden Figures movie. The second is finding out what multiple discrimination experienced by the main characters in

Hidden Figures movie. The third and last is finding the struggles against the multiple discrimination experienced by the main characters in the movie.

Pasaribu uses two theories in her undergraduate thesis. The first is the theory of character and characterization and black feminism theory. Theory of character and characterization is used to analyze the struggles against discrimination done by the main characters in Hidden Figures “The characters in the movie are expressed through either dialogue or action that is presented in the movie script as a literary work (2019, p. 17)”. The Black Feminism theory is used to analyze the discriminations revealed in Hidden Figures movie. In this study, Pasaribu explores the discrimination using Black Feminism approach. Pasaribu uses Black Feminism

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instead of Feminism theory because Feminism theory only focuses on gender issues while Black Feminism also focuses on Black women’s everyday life and experiences.

Pasaribu discusses a movie about African-American women who work at

NASA who experience inequalities during the civil rights movements. The result from Pasaribu’s undergraduate thesis shows that the main characters in Hidden

Figures do not accept the multiple discriminations and struggle against the multiple discrimination that happens at their workplace and in their family. As Pasaribu mentions:

Finally, Hidden Figures script shows that race and gender discriminations has given a lot of disadvantages from time to time toward women, especially black women. It is shown that their gender and race automatically decide their social status (2019, p. 63).

The researcher finds a similarity in terms of the topic of the study since

Pasaribu analyzes the discrimination that the main characters in the movie experienced. However, in terms of the object, Pasaribu uses Hidden Figures while the researcher uses Zootopia. Pasaribu also discusses the discrimination that the main characters of Hidden Figures experienced in the workplace.

The third study is an undergraduate thesis by Spencer Matthew Lambert

(2020) entitled The Struggle Against Discrimination Seen in the Main Characters of Detroit: Become Human by David Cage. In Lambert’s undergraduate thesis, there are three problem formulations. The first one is figuring out the characteristics of the main characters of Detroit: Become Human. The second is finding out what discrimination that each of the characters experience in Detroit: Become Human.

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The third is finding the struggles against discrimination that the main characters experienced.

Lambert uses three theories on this undergraduate study. The first is the theory of character and characterization, the second is discrimination, and the third is a review of video games. The theory of character and characterization analyzes the main characters in the game. Discrimination is used to find out the discrimination that the main characters experienced. Review of video games is used because Detroit: Become Human is a video game.

Lambert discusses the discrimination that the androids experienced in the game by using the Sociological Criticism approach. The human in the game uses the androids as slaves.

The society in the game, the humans always discriminate the androids treat them as a machine just like any other computer, and some of the androids become deviant and against the discrimination from the humans and rebel against them for freedom. Using sociological criticism, the researcher analyzes the kinds of discrimination experienced by the main characters and their struggle against it (2020, p. 16).

Lambert concluded that each character struggle against discrimination differently. There are five different kinds of discrimination that the three main characters experienced that Lambert discusses in this undergraduate thesis. The first is domestic discrimination experienced by Kara and Markus. The second is public discrimination that Markus and Connor experienced. The third is industrial discrimination that Connor experienced. The fourth is objectification experienced by Kara. The fifth and last is self-objectification that Connor experienced.

The researcher finds similarities in terms of the topic that being discussed, which is discrimination. Though, Lambert uses Sociological Criticism approach to

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analyze the discrimination that the main characters in Detroit: Become Human experiences.

The fourth study is a journal article by Novia Fitriana and Nurdien H.

Kistanto (2013) entitled The Discrimination in the Workplace Experienced by a

Black American in Something the Lord Made Movie. This journal article focuses on discrimination in the workplace, and it is divided into four analyzes. The first is the discrimination of the public facilities in the workplace. The second is the discrimination by the other workers. The third is the discrimination in the job classification. The fourth is the discrimination from the public.

Fitriana and Kistanto discuss the Something the Lord Made movie about the discrimination in the workplace that whites did against people of color. The researchers analyze the intrinsic aspects and the extinsic aspects, using an exponential approach to analyze the intrinsic and sociological approaches to analyze the extrinsic elements.

Yet, in this journal, the researcher will analyze the character, setting, and conflict of the movie which has strong relations with the discrimination in the workplace experienced by a black American based on Something the Lord Made movie (2013, p. 2).

In the extrinsic aspect, the theory that Fitriana and Kistanto used is discrimination. “The discrimination that will be discussed in this journal article is about the institutional discrimination (2013, p. 3)”. Firtiana and Kistanto discover that the character Vivien Thomas in the movie is underappreciated by the public because of the color of his skin.

The discriminations he gets does not make him quit his job. Yet, finally he quit from his job because his contributions in the research and operation to

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cure the “blue baby syndrome” is not appreciated by Doctor Alfred Blalock, his partner more than ten years work together.

The situation of Vivien Thomas is similar to Judy Hopps in Zootopia. Both

Vivien Thomas and Judy Hopps are underappreciated in their workplace. However, in Vivien Thomas’ case, he quit his job because he was underappreciated, which contrasts to Judy Hopps’ case.

The researcher finds that Fitriana and Kistanto’s journal article and this present study are similar in terms of the topic: discimination. Though, Fitriana and

Kistanto’s journal article use Something the Lord Made movie as the object of the study, and use Exponential approach and Sociological approach to analyze the discrimination in the movie.

B. Review of Related Theories

There are two related theories that the researcher uses in this study. The first is the theory of characterization. The second is theory of message, and the third is theory of conflict.

1. Theory of Characterization

The first theory that the researcher uses is the theory of characterization.

The researcher will analyze the characteristic of Judy Hopps in the movie; therefore, the researcher needs to find the characterization of Judy Hopps in the movie.

Character is an important part of a movie. Characters in a movie do not only include humans. Characters in a movie can also include animals, robots, or other kinds of characters other than humans. The author is free to make what character they want in their story. Kroon and Voltini stated that “A familiar characteristic of works of

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fiction is that they feature fictional characters: individuals whose exploits are written about in works of fiction and who make their first appearance in a work of fiction (2018, para. 2)”. Zootopia is an animated movie that has fictional characters and fictional places.

Fictional characters belong to the class of entities variously known as fictional entities or fictional objects or ficta, a class that includes not just animate objects of fiction (fictional persons, animals, monsters, and so on) but also inanimate objects of fiction such as fictional places (Kroon & Voltolini, 2018, para. 2).

According to Abrams, characterizing is establishing the distinctive characters by showing and telling. He explains:

In showing, the author simply presents the characters talking and acting and leaves the reader to infer the motives and dispositions that lie behind what they say and do. The author may show not only external speech and actions, but also a character’s inner thoughts, feelings, and responsiveness to events; for a highly developed mode of such inner showing. In telling, the author intervenes authoritatively in order to describe and often to evaluate, the motives and dispositional qualities of the characters (Abrams, 1999, pp. 33 - 34).

Each character has different physical characteristics, and each character has different traits that distinguish them from one another. Characteristics also make each one of them unique and interesting. According to Mikics “Character becomes associated with type: the person depicted in a character is really just a predictable bundle of distinguishing traits (2007, p. 54)”.

Eder, Jannidis, and Schneider stated that characterization can be defined as a process to connect information with a figure in a text to provide a character in the fictional world with a certain property, or properties, concerning body, mind, behavior, or relations to the environment (2010, p. 32).

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Characterization is also essential to understand the behavior of the character in a story. To characterize the character, it needs both the events that occur and the character’s life. Corbett stated that “Characterization requires a constant back-and- forth between the exterior events of the story and the inner life of the character

(2013, p. 35)”.

According to Boggs and Petrie, there are eight methods of describing a character in a film. Characters are analyzed through appearance, dialogue, external action, internal action, reactions of other characters, through contrast: dramatic foils, caricature and leitmotif, and through choice of name (2012, pp. 49 - 55). a. Characterization through Appearance

Actors and actresses are important in a film. They must portray their characters successfully because audience make assumptions from their facial features, dress, physical build, and mannerisms and the way they move (2012, p.

50). b. Characterization through Dialogue

Through dialogue, characters in a fictional film naturally reveal themselves.

Their thoughts, attitudes, and emotions can be revealed through the word choice, stress, pitch and pause patterns of their speech. The use of grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and particular dialects are used to help the audience understand the characters’ social and economic level, educational background, and mental processes (2012, p. 50). c. Characterization through External Action

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A person’s action is the best reflections of a character. A strong relationship between a character and their actions is essential. Their actions reflect the quality of their particular personality (2012, pp. 51 - 52). d. Characterization through Internal Action

The dimension of human nature is essential to understand a character. Inner action consists of secret, unspoken thoughts, daydreams, aspirations, memories, fears, and fantasies. These inner action are crucial to understand the character’s achievement, and their fears and insecurities (2012, p. 52). e. Characterization through Reactions of Other Characters

Other characters’ point of view can be used as a characterization.

Sometimes, an information about a character is provided even before the character appears on the screen (2012, p. 52). f. Characterization through Contrast: Dramatic Foils

Dramatic foils is one of the most effective methods to describe a character.

The use of foils is contrasting the opposite behavior, attitudes, opinions, lifestyle, physical appearance, etc., towards the main characters (2012, p. 53). g. Characterization through Caricature and Leitmotif

Caricature often exaggerates or distort one or more dominant features or personality traits. Similar to caricature, Leitmotif is the repetition of a single action, phrase, or idea by a character until it becomes a trademark or theme song for the characters (2012, p. 54). h. Characterization through Choice of Name

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The choice of name is important to describe a character’s personality because the use of name possess appropriate qualities of sound, meaning, or connotation (2012, p. 54).

2. Theory of Message

The second theory that the researcher used is theory of message. MacKnight states that it is possible to tell a story or write a play or poem, with the intention of sending a message or making an argument (2010, para. 6). According to Nordquist, sending and receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal, including speech, or oral communication; writing and graphical representations; and signs, signals, and behavior is the process of a communication. Nordquist also adds communication can be “the creation and exchange of meaning” (2019, para. 1).

In film, Bordwell distinguishes two types of messages: literal meaning and symbolic meaning. Literal meaning is divided into two, the first is referential meaning. Referential meaning is the nature of a film’s fictional world, characters and story. The second is explicit meaning, which is the conceptual meaning or

“point” that a film is stated directly. Symbolic meaning is synonymous to implicit meaning. Implicit meaning is the message or meaning in the movie is implied

(1991, p. 8). Zootopia contains one of these types of messages, which is the explicit meaning. The messages related to the conflict are stated directly in the movie.

3. Theory of Conflict

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The third theory that the researcher used is theory of conflict. According to

DiYanni, Conflict is a struggle between opposing forces in a story or a play that may occur within a character and between characters, and usually resolved by the end of the work (2021). Boggs and Petrie stated that conflict is the element that really captures the audience’s interest, heightens the audience’s experience, quickens their pulses, and challenges them. They also adds that significant conflicts have important effects on people and events, and the major conflict bring an important change in the people involved or in their situation (2012, p. 47).

Boggs and Petrie categorized two different kinds of conflicts: external conflict and internal conflict. External conflict consists of a personal and individual struggle between the main character and another character. External conflict can grow into representative struggle between groups of people, different segments of society or social institution, or different value systems. External conflict can also be the main character or characters against nonhuman force or agency, such as fate, the gods, the forces of nature, or the social system. The second conflict is internal conflict. Internal conflict focuses on an interior, psychological conflict within the main character (2012, pp. 48 - 49).

C. Theoretical Framework

In this study, the researcher uses the theory of characterization and theory of message to answer the problem formulation. The theory of characterization is used to answer the problem formulation number one, which is how the characteristics of Judy Hopps portrayed in Zootopia. The theory of characterization

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is important for this study to find and analyze the characteristics of Judy Hopps in the movie script and the movie. The theory of message is important to answer the problem formulation number three, which is the messages related to the conflict in

Zootopia. It is important because the theory of message is used to understand the underlying meaning behind the movie.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

Zootopia is an animated movie produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. The movie is directed by Byron Howard,

Rich Moore, and Jared Bush. The story is written by Byron Howard, Rich Moore,

Jared Bush, Jim Reardon, Josie Trinidad, Phil Johnston, and Jennifer Lee, but the screenplay is written by Jared Bush and Phil Johnston (Zootopia - IMDb, 2016).

Zootopia was released on March 4, 2016. The movie won several significant awards in 2016 and 2017, such as Animation of the Year at the 20th Hollywood

Film Awards, Best Animated Feature Film of the Year at the 89th Academy Awards,

Best Motion Picture – Animated at the 74th Golden Globe Awards, Movie of the

Year at the American Film Institute Awards 2017, and won 6 awards at the 44th

Annual Annie Awards. Zootopia is also nominated for Best Animated Feature Film at the 70th British Academy Film Awards, and 3 categories at the 43rd People’s

Choice Awards (Zootopia - Awards - IMDb, 2016).

Zootopia movie and script is about Judy Hopps, the first rabbit police officer, who had to work hard to prove that she is capable of being a police officer.

Becoming a police officer has been Judy’s dream since she was young because she wanted to make the world a better place. After successfully graduating from the police academy, she started working at the 1st precinct in Zootopia, leaving her hometown, Bunnyburrow and her family. Her captain, Chief Bogo, an African

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Buffalo, gave her the parking duty on her first day, not caring that Judy graduated as the top student in the academy because she is a rabbit. Judy, who determined to prove herself to Chief Bogo, take the opportunity to solve one of the missing animal cases. With the help of a red fox, Nick Wilder, they solve the missing mammal case in Zootopia. The story on Zootopia revolves around Judy’s experience facing external conflict between her and other characters in the movie.

B. Approach of the Study

From the issue, which appears in the movie, the researcher uses New

Criticism approach to analyze Zootopia movie script by Jared Bush and Phil

Johnston. This approach is used to find the answer from the problem formulation.

New Criticism is the most suitable approach for this study because New Criticism only focuses on the story.

According to Abrams, New Criticism is popularized by John Crowe

Ransom in his book The New Criticism in 1941 (1999, p. 180). According to

Martin, New Criticism focuses on the issue of meaning and the issue of form (1998, p. 83). Martin also states that:

Twentieth-century New Criticism has attempted closer and more specific accounts of the way in which form contributes to meaning, and in which particular constellations of meaning are a specific result of particular handlings of form (Martin, 1998, p. 85). Abrams mentions four common basic concepts of New Criticism. The first is, in analyzing a particular work, they avoid connecting the work to the author’s biographical background, historical background during the work is produced, or to

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the reader’s psychological and moral effects (1999, p. 181). The second is New

Criticism’s principles are verbal.

Literature is conceived to be a special kind of language whose attributes are defined by systematic opposition to the language of science and of practical and logical discourse, and the explicative procedure is to analyze the meanings and interactions of words, figures of speech, and symbols (Abrams, 1999, p. 81). The third is, the procedure of a New Criticism is explication or close reading, “The detailed analysis of the complex interrelations and ambiguities

(multiple meanings) of the verbal and figurative components within a work (1999, p. 81)”. The fourth is the distinction between literary genres.

The form of a work, whether or not it has characters and plot, is said to be primarily a “structure of meanings,” which evolve into an integral and freestanding unity mainly through a play and counterplay of “thematic imagery” and “symbolic action.” (Abrams, 1999, pp. 181 - 182). The researcher finds out New Criticism is the most suitable approach of the study because New Criticism only focuses on the literary work in order to make an analysis of the movie script. The objective of this research is about how the main character in Zootopia, Judy Hopps, experienced external conflict. New Criticism helps to analyze the messages related to the conflict that Judy Hopps experienced in Zootopia.

C. Method of the Study

The method of the study that the researcher uses to analyze the problem formulation is library research. The data that the researcher found were taken from books, journals, e-books, and articles. The primary source of the study is a movie script of Zootopia movie written by Jared Bush and Phil Johnston. The secondary

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sources are taken from books, journals, e-books, and articles. Some of the secondary sources used by the researcher are A Glossary of Literary Terms by M.

H. Abrams (1999), Discrimination and Disrespect by Benjamin Eidelson (2015), A

Handbook to Literary Research by Simon Eliot and W. R. Owens (1998), A New

Handbook of Literary Terms by David Mikics (2007), Making Meaning: Inference and Rhetoric in the Interpretation of Cinema by David Bordwell (1991), The Art of

Watching Films by Joseph Boggs and Dennis Petrie (2012), The Concept of

Discrimination Nowadays by Ildikó Laki (2015), and Theory of Literature by Rene

Wellek and Austin Warren (1956).

In order to analyze this study, there are several steps used by the researcher.

The first step is, the researcher watched Zootopia movie and read Zootopia movie script several times. This step is used by the researcher to understand the plot, the characters in the movie, and the setting. The second step is the researcher determined the problem formulation and collected some theories to support this study: theory of characterization, theory of message, and theory of conflict. The third step is the researcher found references related to this study such as books, journals, e-books, and similar articles. The next step is the researcher determined the appropriate approach for this study. New Criticism is chosen as the approach of this study. The fifth step is the researcher analyzed the study by answering the problem formulation one by one using the theories that the researcher found. The last step is the researcher concluded this study based on the result of the analysis.

The researcher revealed the messages related to the conflict in Zootopia.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This chapter consists of three parts of the discussion from the problem formulations in Chapter I. The first part is to discuss Judy Hopps’ characteristics throughout the movie. The second part is to discuss Judy Hopps’ experiences with practices of discrimination in Zootopia. The third part is to discuss the messages related to discrimination in Zootopia.

A. The Characteristics of Judy Hopps in Zootopia

In analyzing the main character, Judy Hopps, the researcher uses Boggs and

Pietre’s theory of characterization provided in chapter II. There are eight methods of describing a character in a film. Characters are analyzed through appearance, dialogue, external action, internal action, reactions of other characters, through contrast: dramatic foils, caricature and leitmotif, and through choice of name. The researcher used Judy’s dialogues, external action, and internal action.

1. Brave

In Zootopia movie script, Judy is depicted as brave. Judy’s bravery is portrayed through her dialogue. The researcher used Boggs and Pietre’s theory of characterization through dialogue to help find out Judy’s bravery. When Judy was still a child, she defended her friends, who are sheep and a rabbit, from Gideon

Grey, a red fox. In Zootopia, rabbits and sheep are seen as weaker because they are prey animals, and a fox is seen as stronger because a fox is a predator animal.

Although a rabbit is seen as weaker than a fox, Judy still helps her friends when

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she sees Gideon bully them into giving their tickets for him.

YOUNG JUDY. Hey! [Judy charges toward the danger.] YOUNG JUDY. Cut it out. [Gideon turns. There’s Judy, projecting the image of a tiny Clint Eastwood.] GIDEON GREY. Nice costume, loser. What crazy world are you living in where you think a bunny could be a cop? YOUNG JUDY. Kindly return my friends’ tickets. [Gideon pats the tickets in his pocket.] GIDEON GREY. Come and get ‘em…. But watch out, ‘cause I’m a fox— and like you said in your dumb little stage play, us predators used to eat prey. And that killer instinct’s still ini our Dunnahh. TRAVIS THE WOLF HENCHMAN KID. [sotto, to Gideon.] Uh, I’m pretty much sure it’s pronounced D-N-A. GIDEON GREY. Don’t tell me what I know, Travis. YOUNG JUDY. You don’t scare me, Gideon. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 5 - 6)

From the script above, it shows that Judy is brave. Even though Gideon tries to intimidate Judy by mentioning their nature as predator and prey animals, Judy is still not afraid of Gideon, and she tries to make him return her friends’ tickets. Judy said it herself that Gideon did not scare her.

2. Smart

As a rabbit, Judy is depicted as smart. Her smartness can be seen in various events in the script through her dialogues and external actions. The first evidence can be seen during her time as cadets at the Zootopia Police Academy. The City of

Zootopia has 12 ecosystems, and all of the cadets have to pass all the simulation tests before they can graduate. Most of the cadets at the academy are big animals, such as elephants, wolves, polar bears, and lions. Judy is the only rabbit and she is the smallest cadet at the academy. Judy always fails when she was on the test simulations. Major Friedkin, a polar bear, the instructor at the academy, always

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yelled at her that she is dead and calling her names when Judy fails the test. Until one day, Judy decided to study hard.

[Overnight, in the barracks: Hopps stays up late studying, doing sit ups.] [On the ice wall: Hopps bounds up the wall, jumps off of the backs of the big animals and makes it over, impressing the Major Friedkin.] [In the ring: Hopps dodges a few swings. The Bison misses. Hopps bounds over him and uses his momentum—kicking his other hand into his face, knocking him down.] (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 8 - 10)

The script above shows Judy’s external action after Major Friedkin underestimated her. Judy used that as a motivation for her to work harder to pass the test. It is proven that Judy is a smart rabbit. After studying harder every night,

Judy managed to use her tiny body to her advantage to pass the simulation test. Judy graduated as a valedictorian and became the first rabbit officer.

After Judy got her first job in Zootopia, she protested to Chief Bogo about her first task as a meter maid. Judy offered to over Mrs. Otterton to find her missing husband. Chief Bogo gave her 48 hours to find him. When she asked Clawhauser, a cheetah who was at the front desk, the file about the missing otter, there was only one piece of paper inside with a photo of where Mr. Otterton’s last seen before he went missing. Using the only evidence inside the file, Judy tries to find any clue from the photo of Mr. Otterton on the street. Judy borrowed a soda bottle from

Clawhauser and used it to enlarge the picture. Judy sees that Mr. Otterton is holding a PAWPSICLE.

HOPPS. Can I just borrow—[grabbing soda bottle] Thank you. [Hopps uses Clawhauser’s bottle to enlarge the picture. She sees Mr. Otterton holding PAWPSICLE.] HOPPS. Pawpsicle. CLAWHAUSER. The murder weapon! HOPPS. Get your pawpsicle…

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CLAWHAUSER. Yeah, ‘cause that... What does that mean? HOPPS. It means I… have a lead. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 38 - 39)

From the script above shows Judy using the only evidence to find the first clue on Mr. Otterton. It shows how smart she is from how she tries to find a lead from the only picture of where Mr. Otterton was last seen, which is on the street while holding a PAWPSICLE, and she happened to know who made the

PAWPSICLE.

After Judy finds out her first lead, the PAWPSICLE, she begins searching for Nick, the fox-con who sells the PAWPSICLE. Judy found him on the street, pushing a baby stroller and asked him about Mr. Otterton, but Nick did not want to cooperate with her. Judy then tries to arrest Nick and uses her calculation to prove that Nick is committing a crime by not paying his taxes, but Nick underestimates

Judy, saying that it is Judy’s words against her.

HOPPS. Yeah. 200 dollars a day… 365 days a year… since you were 12, that’s two decades, so times twenty… [calculating] … which is one million four-hundred sixty thousand-- I think, I mean I am just a dumb bunny, but we are good at multiplying—anyway, according to your tax forms… [presenting the forms] … you reported let me see here: zero. Unfortunately, lying on a federal form is a punishable offense. Five years jail time. NICK. Well, it’s my word against yours. [Hopps clicks a button on her CARROT PEN, which SPEAKS!] NICK. “200 bucks a day, fluff. 365 days a year, since I was 12.” HOPPS. Actually, it’s your word against yours. And if you want this pen, you’re going to help me find this poor missing otter or the only place you’ll be selling popsicles is the prison cafeteria. [dramatic smirk] It’s called a hustle, sweetheart. [Nick is utterly speechless.] (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 40 - 41)

The conversation above shows how smart Judy is in mathematics. She mentions that a rabbit is good at multiplying. Judy uses her carrot pen to record

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Nick’s words and uses it as leverage so that Nick will help her find Mr. Otterton because Mr. Otterton was last seen buying Nick’s PAWPSICLE.

Judy comes back home to Bunnyburrow after successfully finding the 14 missing mammals, and Bellwether, a sheep, becomes the new Mayor of Zootopia because Mayor Lionheart, a lion, was arrested for hiding the mammals. Her relationship with Nick is also strained after Judy says that at a press conference that predator animals going savage is in their DNA. Judy met Gideon Grey again when she was working at her parents’ shop, and Gideon mentioned night howlers that grew near their crops, made predator animals and even a rabbit go savage.

When Judy realized that night howlers are not wolves but they are flowers,

Judy drives back to Zootopia to find Nick. Judy and Nick find someone named

Doug, who is the one who grows the night howlers at a subway station and makes the serum. They steal the train and run to the Natural History Museum with the stolen evidence from the train. Judy realized that Bellwether was the one behind the night howlers and the predators going savage to frame them. Bellwether took the dart gun that Judy and Nick stole from the train, aiming it at Nick. Bellwether thought she shot Nick with the serum but Judy switched it with the blueberries from

Judy’s farm that Nick found inside his pocket.

HOPPS. So that’s it, prey fears predator, and you stay in power? BELLWETHER. Yeah, pretty much. HOPPS. It won’t work. BELLWETHER. Fear always works. And I’ll dart every predator in Zootopia to keep it that way. HOPPS. [as Nick stalks her] Oh, Nick! No! BELLWETHER. Bye-Bye, Bunny. [Nick lunges. He attacks. Hopps screams. Bellwether smiles.] HOPPS. Blood, blood, blood! And death! [Bellwether looks confused. Nick stands up.]

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NICK. All right, you’re milking it. Besides, I think we got it, I think we got it. We got it up there, thank you yakkety-yak-- you laid it all out beautifully. BELLWETHER. What? [Bellwether looks at her gun, in disbelief.] NICK. Yea, oh, are you looking for the serum? [holds it up] Well, it’s right here. HOPPS. What you’ve got in the weapon there-- those are blueberries. From my family’s farm. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 104 - 105)

The conversation above shows how Judy is smart for realizing that

Bellwether is behind the animals turning savage when Bellwether insisted on taking the evidence from her. Judy changes the serum with the blueberries because it looks similar, and again, Judy uses her carrot pen to record Bellwether’s words to use it against her.

From the evidences above, it can be concluded that Judy is smart. Judy’s smartness is portrayed from her external actions and dialogues. She uses her smartness to find the missing otter, but she found all of the missing animals. In the end, Judy finds out that all of the animals going savage is not in their DNA, but

Bellwether sets them up to turn the predator animals’ images bad in the eye of the public.

3. Hard-working

Judy is also portrayed as hard-working in Zootopia movie script. The evidence can be seen through her external actions. The first evidence is when she was given her first assignment as a police officer by Chief Bogo. Chief Bogo told her to write one hundred tickets in one day instead of the missing mammal cases.

Judy wanted to prove that she deserved to be a police officer said that she would write two hundred tickets instead of one hundred tickets.

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[He goes, slamming the door behind him. Judy stomps her foot.] HOPPS. 100 tickets…? I’m not gonna write 100 tickets… I’m gonna write 200 tickets! (then, to the closed door) Before noon! [Int. / Ext. Meter maid cart – Day: Hopps dons a vest, buckles her seat belt, floors the pedal and… takes off at 2 miles an hour. Which leads to a] [Parking meter montage --: Hopps zooms past a row of cars, marking their tires. Cruising the streets, her super-sensitive ears hear a meter ding. She slams her brakes-- then proudly issues Ticket #1.] [Ding! Another meter goes off. Then another. And another. She’s on a roll. She looks down at her counter. It’s at 200.] HOPPS. Boom! 200 tickets before noon. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 19 - 20)

From Judy’s external action, writing two hundred tickets instead of one hundred tickets shows that she is hard-working. Chief Bogo, who does not like Judy because she is a rabbit, gives her an assignment as a meter maid instead of giving her the same job as her colleagues. Judy uses that as a motivation to work hard to prove that she deserved to be a police officer.

After agreeing to help Mrs. Otterton to find her husband, Mr. Otterton, Chief

Bogo gives her 48 hours to find him, and if in 48 hours she could not find Mr.

Otterton, Judy has to resign from her job as a police officer. She seeks Nick’s help to find Mr. Otterton because Mr. Otterton was last seen, holding a PAWPSICLE that Nick sells. Nick tries to slow her down from solving the case by taking her to the Department of Mammal Vehicles, where they only have sloth as their staff. Nick distracts Flash, a sloth that serves them, from running a plate number from the car that they found, and this caused them to lose a few hours waiting for Flash to finish his job because sloths are known for their slow movement. When Judy and Nick are out from the Department of Mammal Vehicles, it is already nighttime. Judy and

Nick found the car that took Mr. Otterton at Tundratown Limo Service.

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[Int. DMV – Later: A slow DOT-MATRIX printer spits out the address for CAR LICENSE PLATE NUMBER: 29THD03.] FLASH. Here… HOPPS. Yeah, yeah, yeah… thank you! FLASH. You… go. HOPPS. [frantically reads] 29THD03-- it’s registered to… Tundratown Limo Service? A limo took Otterton, and the limo’s in Tundratown-- it’s in Tundratown! NICK. Way to hustle, bud. I love ya. I owe ya. HOPPS. Hurry, we gotta beat the rush hour and-- [Ext. DMV – Continuous: They go outside. It’s night.] HOPPS. IT’S NIGHT?! [Ext. Snowy lot – Moments later: Nick and Hopps reach LEGITIMATE ENTERPRISE CAR SERVICE. Hopps tries to open the lock.] (Bush & Johnston, 2016, p. 50)

Judy’s action above, not stopping her from going to Tundratown even after it is already nighttime because she only has 48 hours to find Mr Ottertown, shows that she is a hard-working police officer. Even if the car service is already closed and Nick wants to stop the investigation, that did not stop Judy from finding more clues. She jumps the fence to find the car.

[Ext. Parking lot – Moments later: Hopps wipes snow off a back bumper: LICENSE PLATE 20THD03.] HOPPS. 29THD03… this is it. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, p. 52)

Inside the car, Judy begins searching for clues from inside the limo that took

Mr. Otterton. Judy and Nick found the CLAW MARKS covering the back seat of the limo. Nick knows the owner of the limo and asked them to leave the car.

The evidence above shows how Judy is a hard-working rabbit through her external action. She uses what Chief Bogo gives her as a motivation to work hard to reach her goal. She uses her first assignment to finish her job before noon and uses her deal with Chief Bogo to find Mr. Otterton in 48 hours.

4. Kind

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In Zootopia movie script, Judy is also portrayed as kind. Her kindness can be seen in her external action. Judy shows kindness by helping others that need help without thinking about who they are. Judy shows her kindness to Nick, a fox who is also a con artist, a mouse about to get hit with a giant donut, and Mrs. Otterton.

After Judy finishes writing 200 tickets on her first day, Judy notices a fox entering an ice cream parlour owned by an elephant across the street from where she is. She sees Nick is trying to buy his partner, Finnick, who is disguised as Nick’s son, an ice cream. Judy, who does not know yet that Nick is a con artist, decides to help him and buy them ice cream. The ice cream parlour did not want to serve Nick because he is not an elephant. Judy helped them so that the server would serve Nick and Finnick by pointing out that they are not hygienic when serving their customers.

HOPPS. Well, I don’t wanna cause you any trouble, but I believe scooping ice cream with an un-gloved trunk is a Class 3 Health Code Violation… [A guilty EMPLOYEE releases a scoop from their trunk.] HOPPS. …Which is kind of a big deal. Of course-- I could let you off with a warning if you were to glove those trunks and, I don’t know, finish selling this nice dad and his son a… what was it? NICK. A Jumbo Pop. Please. HOPPS. A Jumbo Pop. JERRY JUMBEAUX, JR. [stews for a beat, then] Fifteen dollars. NICK. Thank you so much. [to Hopps] Thank you. [then digs for wallet] Oh no, are you kidding me? I’d lose my head if it weren’t attached to my neck, that’s the truth. Oh boy, I’m sorry pal. Gotta be about the worst birthday ever. Please don’t be mad at me. [kisses him, to Hopps] Thanks anyway. [He turns to go. Hopps slaps some money on the counter.] HOPPS. Keep the change. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 22 - 23)

The conversation above shows how kind Judy is despite her past encounter with a fox in the past. She sees how Nick wants to buy ice cream for Finnick, who poses as his fake son and acted out of kindness to get them the ice cream that Jerry

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Jumbeaux, Jr. refused to sell them. When Nick forgets to bring his wallet, Hopps jumped in and paid for the ice cream for him and Finnick.

On her second day as a meter maid, a weasel robs from a pig’s flower shop.

Judy, who happens to be stopping in front of the shop, did not see a weasel running past her cart. The owner of the shop asks her to run after the weasel. Judy follows the weasel to Little Rodentia, where shops for small animals are located. The weasel uses a donut to distract Judy. Judy, who noticed a mouse crossing the street, saved her.

[The Weasel throws an ornamental donut at Hopps.] DUKE WEASELTON. Have a donut, coppah! [But the donut misses and rolls towards some SHREWS coming out of “Mousies.”] FRU FRU SHEW. Ohmygawd, did you see those leopard print jeggings? (sees the donut about to kill her) Aaaaaaaaaaaagh! [But at the last second… Hopps stops it! Deep breath…] HOPPS. I love your hair. FRU FRU SHREW. Aw… thank you. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, p. 33)

Judy’s action above shows how Judy shows an act of kindness even in the middle of doing her job, chasing a criminal. Judy saves a mouse from getting hit by a donut and compliments her. Complimenting someone’s appearance is a simple act of kindness but can lift someone’s mood.

The following evidence is when Judy wants to help to find Mr. Otterton.

Upon hearing how desperate Mrs. Otterton is, begging for Chief Bogo to find her missing husband, Judy offers her service to find Mr. Otterton.

[Mrs. Otterton reveals her own sweet little photo of Emmitt with her and the family.] BOGO. Ma’am, our detectives are very busy. MRS OTTERTON. Please. There’s got to be somebody to find my Em. BOGO. Mrs. Otterton--

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HOPPS. I will find him. [Mrs. Otterton races over to Hopps and gives her a big hug of relief. Bogo looks to Hopps, ready to explode.] MRS. OTTERTON. Oh, thank you! Bless you, bless you little bunny! [hands picture of family] Take this. Find my Emmitt. Bring him home to me and my babies. Please? (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 35 - 36)

From the conversation above, through Judy’s external action, she shows her kindness to Mrs. Otterton by offering her service to find Mr. Otterton. Another proof that Judy is a kind rabbit. The evidences above show that Judy is portrayed as kind in Zootopia movie script.

5. Ambitious

In Zootopia movie script, Judy is portrayed as ambitious. Her ambitiousness can be seen through her external action. Since Judy was still young, she had always wanted to be a police officer. She showed her dream during a play performance with her friends, where she performed that prey and predator can live in harmony.

[The Jaguar rips off his muumuu. He’s dressed in a suit.] ACTUARY. Today I can hunt for tax exemptions. I’m gonna be an actuary! YOUNG JUDY. And I can make the world a better place! I am going to be… [Catmull plays a 70s-style cop show theme on the boom box. Judy rips off her muumuu, revealing a POLICE OFFICER UNIFORM.] YOUNG JUDY. A police officer! (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 2 - 3)

Judy’s excitement to become a police officer proves that she has dreamed of becoming a police officer since she was young because she wanted to make the world a better place. Fifteen years later, when Judy has grown, she attended the

Zootopia Police Academy. After Judy receives many negative criticisms from

Major Friedkin, the instructor, and having a flashback that shows everyone saying that a rabbit could not be a police officer, she works hard to finally graduate.

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This evidence shows Judy’s action as ambitious because she wants to make her dream of making the world a better place come true. She has dreamed of becoming a police officer since she was young, and when Judy was older, she finally attended the police academy. This shows that her dream of becoming a police officer never change, and she works hard to make her dream come true.

6. Confident

Judy is portrayed as confident in Zootopia movie script. Her confidence is shown through her dialogues. When Judy helped her friends, a rabbit and sheep, from getting bullied by Gideon Grey, Gideon tried to scare her and shoved Judy to the ground. Gideon pushed Judy to the ground and assaulted her, saying that Judy does not know when to quit.

GIDEON GREY. Oh, you don’t know when to quit, do ya? [He unsheathes his claws like a switchblade, then slaps her, drawing blood from her cheek. She cowers, as do her scared friends behind the tree.] GIDEON GREY. I want you to remember this moment—the next time you think you will ever be anything more than just a stupid, carrot farming dumb bunny. [Gideon and his pal head off, laughing and high-fiving. The prey animals run back over to Judy, who wipes the blood from her cheek. She fights tears, defeated.] GARETH THE DOUBTING SHEEP BOY. That looks bad. SHARLA. Are you okay, Judy? YOUNG JUDY. Yeah… Yeah, I’m okay. [Judy smiles and then whips out the tickets as she gets up.] YOUNG JUDY. Here you go. SHARLA. Wow! You got our tickets! GARETH THE DOUBTING SHEEP BOY. You’re awesome, Judy!

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SHARLA. Yeah! That Gideon Grey doesn’t know what he’s talkin’ ‘bout. YOUNG JUDY. Well, he was right about one thing… [Judy picks up the cop hat, puts it on her head.] YOUNG JUDY. I don’t know when to quit. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 7 - 8)

The action above shows that Judy is a confident person. She never let her encounter with Gideon to scare her. She uses that to prove to herself that she does not know when to quit. Later, Judy joins the police academy, graduating as a valedictorian, finds the 14 missing mammals, and finds the person behind the animals going savage.

B. The Conflict Experienced by Judy Hopps in Zootopia

In Zootopia movie and script, the main character, Judy Hopps experienced external conflict. According to the theory of conflict by Boggs and Petrie, external conflict consists of a personal and individual struggle between the main character and another character. The external conflicts that Judy experienced are discrimination done by the people around her, and prey animals’ fear of predators.

Judy is a female rabbit who had a dream to become a police officer when she was young because she wanted to make the world a better place. Fifteen years later,

Judy attended the police academy, where her trainer always put her down when she failed a test just because she was a rabbit. Judy graduated as a valedictorian and got a job at the 1st precinct in the city of Zootopia, where 90 percent of its inhabitants are prey and 10 percent are predators. Since Judy was young, her dream of becoming a police officer caused her parents to worry. When she moved to

Zootopia, her father gave her several tools for her protection. Judy is well known

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as the first rabbit who becomes a police officer. When she began working at the precinct, she was mistreated by her Chief because of who she is. In this part of the discussion, the researcher discusses the external conflict experienced by Judy in

Zootopia movie script.

1. Discrimination

The first external conflict that Judy experienced is discrimination.

According to Laki, there are two different forms of discriminations: direct discrimination and indirect discrimination (2015, p. 189). a. Direct Discrimination

Direct discrimination is an act of discrimination to a person or group based on a real or assumed situation and character or feature. In Zootopia, rabbit is seen as weaker because it is included in the category of prey animals. A prey animal is weaker than a predator animal. This caused prey animals to be afraid of predator animals despite the population of prey animal is higher than predator animal in the city of Zootopia.

Judy is a rabbit from Bunnyburrow, therefore, Judy is considered weak in the Zootopia movie script. There has never been a rabbit police officer before because all police officers are mostly predators and big animals such as wolves, polar bears, elephants, and rhinos. Judy has dreamed of becoming a police officer since she was young. It was proven when she and her friends presented a play about prey animal and predator animal living together in harmony. During the play, her parents were stunned when they heard that Judy wanted to be a police officer. Later that day, after the play, Judy, still dressed as a police officer, witnessed Gideon

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Grey, a fox, harassed her friends at the fair. Gideon also made fun of Judy when

Judy tried to help her friends.

YOUNG JUDY. Hey! [Judy charges toward the danger.] YOUNG JUDY. You heard her. Cut it out. [Gideon turns. There’s Judy, projecting the image of a tiny Clint Eastwood.] GIDEON GREY. Nice costume, loser. What crazy world are you living in where you think a bunny could be a cop? YOUNG JUDY. Kindly return my friends’ tickets. [Gideon pats the tickets in his pocket.] GIDEON GREY. Come and get ‘em…. But watch out, ‘cause I’m a fox— and like you said in your dumb little stage play, us predators used to eat prey. And that killer instinct’s still in our Dunnahh. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 5 - 6)

The conversation above proves that Judy experiences direct discrimination.

Gideon insulted Judy, asking what world she lives in where a bunny could be a cop.

He mentioned that a fox is a predator, and killing is in the predators’ DNA to frighten Judy.

GIDEON GREY. Oh, you don’t know when to quit, do ya? [He unsheathes his claws like switchblade, then slaps her, drawing blood from her cheek. She cowers, as do her scared friends behind the tree.] GIDEON GREY. I want you to remember this moment—the next time you think you will ever be anything more than just a stupid, carrot farming dumb bunny. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, p. 7)

From the script above proves that Gideon discriminated against her because of who she is. Gideon wanted to traumatize Judy by harassing her, using violence to threatened Judy, and he also called Judy a stupid, carrot farming dumb bunny.

Due to one of her traits is ambitious as described in the first part, Judy did not let that to stop her from achieving her dreams of becoming a police officer.

Fifteen years later, Judy attended the Zootopia Police Academy to become a police officer. Judy experienced direct discrimination at the academy because she

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was the only rabbit and the smallest cadet who attended the academy. Most of the cadets were elephants, wolves, polar bears, and lions. During the beginning of training, Judy always failed on the simulation test. She struggled when she went through the simulators because the simulators were built for big animals. Every time she failed during the simulation test, Major Friedkin always called her names because she is different than the other cadets. Major Friedkin called her bunny bumpkin, carrot face, and farm girl. Major Friedkin also told her that Judy is dead when she failed the test.

MAJOR FRIEDKIN. Frigid ice wall. You’re dead, farm girl! IN THE BOXING RING: [Hopps gets in the ring with a BIG BISON.] MAJOR FRIEDKIN. E-normous criminal. [Hopps gets punched in the nose.] MAJOR FRIEDKIN. You’re dead! THREE QUICK CUTS OF FAILURE: MAJOR FRIEDKIN. Dead! / Dead! / Dead! IN THE TOILET: [Hopps ruses into a stall. The toilet is considerably larger than she is. She suts the door. We see her climb up the toilet. In the next stall, we see the feet of a Hippo. Then, KERSPLASH! Hopps falls into the toilet.] MAJOR FRIEDKIN. Filthy toilet. You’re dead, fluff butt! (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 8 - 9)

After graduating from the police academy as a valedictorian, Judy also experienced discrimination on her first day as a police officer at the precinct one in the city of Zootopia. Chief Bogo deliberately gave her a job as a meter maid, underestimating her because Judy is a rabbit, while her colleagues got the missing mammal cases. Chief Bogo did not even care that Judy graduated as a valedictorian because he still saw her as a weak animal.

BOGO. …We have 14 missing mammal cases. All predators, from a giant polar bear, to a teensy little otter. And City Hall is right up my tail to find them. This is priority number one. Assignments!

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[HIGGINS hands Bogo a stack of CASE FILES. Bogo puts on his reading glasses, examining the files as he assigns cases.] BOGO. Officers Grizzoli, Fangmayer, Delgato—your teams take Missing Mammals from the Rainforest District. Officers McHorn, Rhinowitz, Wolfard, your teams take Sahara Square. Officers Higgins, Snarlov, Trunkaby: Tundratown. And finally, our first bunny, Officer Hopps. [Hopps sits up, expectant but steely. Bogo looks at the final case file in his hand. He takes a dramatic breath, then:] BOGO. Parking Duty. Dismissed! HOPPS. Parking duty? [runs after Bogo] Uh, Chief, Chief Bogo? [Bogo looks around… then down to find Hopps.] HOPPS. Sir, you said there were 14 missing mammal cases? BOGO. So? HOPPS. So I can handle one. You can probably forgot, but I was top of my class at the academy. BOGO. Didn’t forget. Just don’t care. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 18 - 19)

The conversation above shows that Judy experienced direct discrimination done by the people around her, but due to her characteristic traits described in the first part, Judy did not give up easily, and worked hard to prove that she is capable of handling her job just like her colleagues. The first is by one of her friends, a fox named Gideon Grey, the second is by her instructor at the police academy, and also by Chief Bogo at the precinct in the city of Zootopia.

b. Indirect Discrimination

Indirect discrimination is a discrimination treatment to puts certain persons or groups in a worse situation. In the beginning, indirect discrimination follows the requirements of equal treatment. In Zootopia, Judy also experienced this type of discrimination. The first evidence is during her play performance at the fair, Judy and her friends delivered a performance about predator and prey animals living in harmony. Judy dressed up as a police officer at the play because it was her dream.

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Gideon Grey, a fox, who was in the audience snickered when he watched the play, hearing that Judy wanted to be a police officer.

YOUNG JUDY. A police officer! [Judy’s parents, BONNIE & STU, look stunned. A mean fox kid, GIDEON GREY, snickers. He’s sitting next to a WEASEL KID.] GIDEON GREY. Bunny cop. That is the most stupidest thing I ever heard. YOUNG JUDY. It may seem impossible to small minds—(points at Gideon) I’m looking at you Gideon Grey. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, p. 3)

The conversation above shows Gideon stating that a bunny cop is the most stupidest thing he ever heard because there were no bunny cops before. Even though

Gideon called her stupid, Judy said that it could happen and called him out. Judy wanted to prove him wrong. One of Judy’s characteristics is ambitious. Judy did not let Gideon’s words affected her. She proved him wrong fifteen years later when she graduated the Zootopia Police Academy.

After Judy received the file about Mr. Otterton, she discovered that Mr.

Otterton bought Nick’s PAWPSICLE before he went missing. Judy found Nick and blackmailed him into helping her using a recorded voice note about Nick not paying his taxes. Afraid that he would get arrested for not paying taxes, Nick helped her find out where Mr. Otterton was taken. He took her to the DMV, the “Department of Mammal Vehicles” to find the car that took Mr. Otterton. They both argued outside the DMV because Nick purposely made them waste the day by distracting

Flash, a sloth who worked at the DMV. When Judy pointed out that Mr. Otterton was missing, Nick told her that the precinct should let a real cop find the missing otter.

HOPPS. You wasted the day on purpose.

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NICK. Madam, I have a fake badge. I would never impede your pretend investigation. HOPPS. It’s not a pretend investigation! Look, see—[showing picture of Otterton] See him? This otter is missing. NICK. Well then they should have gotten a real cop to find him. HOPPS. What is your problem? Does seeing me fail somehow make you feel better about your own sad, miserable life? (Bush & Johnston, 2016, p. 51)

The conversation above shows that Nick is telling Judy to let a real cop find

Mr. Otterton instead of Judy. This evidence shows that Judy also experienced indirect discrimination. Nick treated Judy equally the first time, but when Judy got annoyed at him, Nick implied that Judy is not a real cop because of who she is.

Even though Nick said that they should have gotten a real cop, Judy did not want to listen to him and brought him to Tundratown to find the car. This is because one of Judy’s characteristic traits is hard-working.

2. Fear of Predator Animals

The second external conflict that Judy experienced in Zootopia is the fear of predator animals. During her play performance in the beginning of the movie,

Judy mentioned that there are two kinds of animals, which are vicious predator and meek prey. After the play performance, at the fair, Judy saw her friends, a group of prey animals, were getting bullied by Gideon Grey, a red fox. When Judy came to stop Gideon, Gideon told her to come at him and mentioned his species, a fox, and said that killing is in his DNA. Judy’s bravery was shown and she said that Gideon did not scare her. Gideon shoved her to the ground, causing Judy to teared up. She fought back by kicking Gideon in the face, but Gideon scratched her face.

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During Judy’s graduation, her parents looked shocked and worried when

Mayor Lionheart assigned Judy to the precinct one in Zootopia. After the graduation, her parents and her siblings took her to the train station. Her parents expressed their fear of Judy moving to Zootopia alone.

BONNIE HOPPS. We’re real proud of you, Judy. STU HOPPS. Yeah. Scared, too. BONNIE HOPPS. Yes. STU HOPPS. Really, it’s kind of a proud-scared combo. I mean, Zootopia. It’s so far away. It’s such a big city. JUDY. Guys—I’ve been working for this my whole life. BONNIE HOPPS. We know. And we’re just a little excited for you, but terrified. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, p. 11)

Judy’s parents also expressed their fear of predators and how there are many predators living in Zootopia. Judy’s father, Stu, also said that foxes are the worst.

Her mother also added that it was in their DNA.

STU HOPPS. And foxes are the worst. BONNIE HOPPS. [retreating] Actually, your father does have a point there. It’s in their biology. Remember what happened with Gideon Grey. JUDY. When I was 9. Gideon Grey was a jerk, who happened to be a fox. I know plenty of bunnies who are jerks. STU HOPPS. Sure. Yeah, we all do. Absolutely. But just in case, we made you a little care of package to take with you. BONNIE HOPPS. And I put some snacks in there. [Stu begins pulling a bunch of PINK FOX DETERRENTS from a bag.] STU HOPPS. This is a fox deterrent. BONNIE HOPPS. Yeah that’s safe to have there. STU HOPPS. This is fox repellent… BONNIE HOPPS. Okay, the deterrent and the repellent. That’s all she needs. STU HOPPS. Check this out! [Stu removes a Fox Taser, fires it up. It sizzles.] (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 12 - 13)

Judy’s parents prepared some tools for Judy to take as a protection against predators, especially a fox. Judy ended up taking the fox repellent from the bag to

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ease her parents’ worry. When Judy was about to leave for her first day as a police officer, Judy saw the fox repellent sitting on her bedside table. She thought of leaving it there because Judy thought it would be silly to bring it to work, but Judy came back and grabbed the fox repellent.

The first time Judy met Nick Wilde, a red fox, who was a con artist, he was at the Jumbeaux’s café. She was watching his movements from across the streets.

Judy followed him in and was prepared to take her repellent from her holster but when she saw Finnick, a fennec fox, posing as Nick’s son, she stopped herself from taking the repellent. Even though her past encounter with Gideon Grey in the past did not traumatized Judy, she was skeptical when she saw Nick’s movements before entering the shop. Judy still believed that savages are in predators’ DNA.

After Judy and Nick successfully found all the missing mammal cases, Judy was called to make a statement during a press conference. The reporters started asking questions about how the predators are the only ones going savages. Judy answered that it might be something with their DNA, and predators seemed to be reverting back to their primitive, savage ways. Judy did not know that her statement hurt Nick. Nick left the precinct after Judy got off the stage.

HOPPS. You know what I mean. You’re not that kind of predator. NICK. The kind that needs to be muzzled? The kind that makes you think you need to carry around Fox Repellent? [Hopps sighs guiltily.] NICK. Yeah, don’t think I didn’t notice that little item the first time we met. (escalating anger) So let me ask you a question. Are you afraid of me? (Hopps looks heartbroken) Do you think I might go nuts? Do you think I might go savage? Do you think I might try to… EAT YOU?! [He lunges, like he’s going to bite her. She flinches and unthinkingly puts her hand on the repellent.] NICK. (calm, hurt) …I knew it. Just when I thought somebody actually believed in me…

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[He shoves the application at her.] NICK. Probably best if you don’t have a predator as a partner. [As he walks away, he takes off the sticker badge, crumples it and tosses it away.] (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 83 - 84)

Judy’s statement at the press conference caused chaos between prey and predator in the city of Zootopia. A reporter even asked her if they cannot believe their own predator friends. During a peace rally organized by a pop star, Gazelle, many prey animals were protesting. Prey animals become more afraid of predator animals.

[THE PROTEST: Hopps is caught in the middle of the PROTESTERS, trying to separate them.] PIG. Go back to the forest, predator! LEOPARD. I’m from the savannah! [GAZELLE gives a sound bite to a NEWS REPORTER.] GAZELLE. Zootopia is a unique place. It’s a crazy, beautiful, diverse city where we celebrate our differences. (gestures to PROTESTERS in background) This is not the Zootopia I know. [Gazelle’s interview plays as VO over a series of shows:] [ON A SUBWAY: Hopps watches a MOTHER RABBIT bring her CHILD close as a LION gets on the train. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, p. 85)

The script above shows how Judy’s statement caused chaos in the city of

Zootopia. She was not traumatized by her past experience with Gideon Grey, but she was skeptical of all predator animals. Judy also believed what her parents told her that becoming savages are in predators’ DNA, and she said it during the press conference. Her words made all prey animals feel more scared of predator animals.

C. Messages Related to the Conflict in Zootopia

In this part of the discussion, the researcher discusses the messages related to discrimination in Zootopia movie script. The researcher uses the theory of

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messages by Bordwell. The type of message that can be found in Zootopia is the explicit meaning. According to Bordwell, explicit meaning is the conceptual meaning or “point” that a film is stated directly.

In Zootopia movie and script, the main character, Judy Hopps, experienced external conflict. Judy experienced discrimination done by the people around her, and the fear of predator animals. She has experienced discrimination since she was young. The first time she experienced discrimination was when she did a play performance where she dressed up as a police officer because it was her dream.

Gideon, a red fox, who was in the audience, said that Judy’s dream was stupid.

Gideon indirectly discriminated against her by saying that a bunny cop is the stupidest idea he ever heard. The second time Judy experienced discrimination is after the play. Judy helped her friends from getting bullied by Gideon, but Gideon insulted her, calling her stupid and said that a bunny could never be a cop. The third time she experienced discrimination is when she finally joined the Zootopia Police

Academy. There were no bunnies at the academy, most of the cadets are big animals such as elephants, lions, polar bears, and wolves. The instructor, Major Friedkin, degraded her, saying that she is dead, calling her names such as bunny bumpkin, carrot face, farm girl, fluff butt, or fuzzy bunny every time Judy failed the simulation tests.

The fourth time she experienced discrimination is after she graduated from the police academy and joined the 1st precinct in the city of Zootopia. Chief Bogo did not care that Judy graduated as a valedictorian from the police academy. Chief

Bogo did not take her seriously because Judy is a rabbit and gave her the parking

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duty. The next time Judy experienced discrimination is when Nick, a con fox, helped her find Mr. Otterton. Nick indirectly discriminated against her, implying that Judy is not a real cop and let the real cop find Mr. Otterton.

Judy also believed that becoming savages are in predators’ DNA. Judy’s past experience with Gideon Grey did not traumatized her but she was feeling skeptical about predators. She teamed up with Nick, who was a fox, to find the missing mammals, but she also stated that becoming savages are in predators’

DNA.

1. Discrimination and Stereotype Can be Eliminated

The first explicit meaning found in Zootopia movie and script related to discrimination is that discrimination can happen to anyone, anywhere, and anytime.

The city of Zootopia’s motto is “Anyone can be anything,” which becomes the most famous quote from the movie. Despite the motto, discrimination still happened in the city. It is proven when Judy finally became a police officer in the 1st precinct in the city of Zootopia. Discrimination also does not know age. Judy experienced discrimination for the first time when she was in a play performance, and again after the play performance when she was still nine years old.

Judy, the main character of the movie, is an example that stereotype can be eliminated. Judy is already breaking stereotype since she was still young. When

Judy did a play performance with her friends and she revealed her dream of becoming a police officer, the thought of a rabbit becoming a police officer is stupid

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for Gideon. Because of Judy’s characteristics that have been mentioned in the first part of this chapter, Judy did not let it get to her.

In Zootopia, the stereotype is only big animals or predator animals can work as a police officer or become a leader, therefore Gideon thinks that a rabbit becoming a police officer is stupid. The conversation above shows that Judy believes that a rabbit can be a police officer. Judy is warning Gideon when she said that she is looking at him. Years later, the older Judy finally enters the police academy. Judy experienced discrimination again at the police academy done by her trainer. At the beginning of Judy attending the police academy, Judy always failed on a test, which caused Major Friedkin to call her names. Judy is portrayed as hard- working and smart in Zootopia, it is proven that she does not give up easily. Judy worked hard and finally graduated from the academy as a valedictorian. She is breaking a stereotype by becoming the first rabbit officer.

In the movie, Judy also shows how to break stereotype the right way. At the end of the movie, Judy and Nick found out that Mayor Bellwether, a sheep, was actually the one behind the missing animal cases. Mayor Bellwether used to be

Mayor Lionheart’s assistant but she framed him with the missing animal cases.

Bellwether became the new Mayor and all of the predators who worked at the precinct is fired.

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[Bellwether talks as they look for Hopps and Nick…] BELLWETHER. Underestimated. Under-appreciated. Aren’t you sick of it? Predators. They may be strong and loud, but prey out-number predators 10 to one. [Bellwether sees a SHADOW—RABBIT EARS. She gestures to the RAMS— there they are.] BELLWETHER. Think of it—90 percent of the population, united against a common enemy. We’ll be unstoppable. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, p. 103)

The conversation above proves that Mayor Bellwether never liked predators. She wanted to prove that prey animals out-numbered predator animals.

She wanted to prove that all predators are biologically savages, it is in their DNA.

Mayor Bellwether tried to influenced Judy by shooting Nick with the serum that turns predators into savages. Bellwether wanted to stay in power to make the image of predator animals bad using prey animals’ fear.

BELLWETHER. Fear always works. And I’ll dart every predator in Zootopia to keep it that way. HOPPS. (as Nick stalks her) Oh, Nick! No! BELLWETHER. Bye-Bye, Bunny. [Nick lunges. He attacks. Hopps screams. Bellwether smiles.] HOPPS. Blood, blood, blood! And death. [Bellwether looks confused. Nick stands up.] NICK. All right, you’re milking it. Besides, I think we got it, I think we got it. We got it up there, thank you yakkety-yakk—you laid it all out beautifully. BELLWETHER. What? [Bellwether looks at her gun, in disbelief.] NICK. Yea, oh, are you looking for the serum? (holds it up) Well, it’s right here. HOPPS. What you’ve got in the weapon there—those are blueberries. From my family’s farm. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 104 - 105)

Mayor Bellwether is furious when she found out that Judy and Nick tricked her. They recorded Bellwether’s voice on a carrot pen recorder. Judy shows that she

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can break stereotype without harming others. She does not need a serum that turns predators into savages to prove that prey animals can do predator’s job.

2. Everyone Can Achieve Their Dreams

Zootopia preached that there should be any discrimination. Predators and prey animals can break through the stereotype that has been set for them. Prey is seen as weaker animal than predator animal. In Zootopia, they show that anyone can be anything, such as prey animals becoming police officers. Judy becomes the first-ever rabbit police officer, and at the end of the movie, she proves that she is capable of doing her job even better than her colleagues. She, with Nick’s help, found all of the missing animals, and solved another case, which is finding out that

Mayor Bellwether is actually the one behind the missing animal cases to prove a point that predators are savages. Those are proofs that really interpret the city of

Zootopia’s motto, which is anyone can be anything.

[EXT. CADET TRAINING GROUNDS – DAY] [Reveal: Hopps is giving a commencement address to the GRADUATES of the Police Academy.] HOPPS. So, no matter what type of animal you are, from the biggest elephant to our first fox… [Reveal: Nick is a cadet. He removes his shades, winks at Hopps.] HOPPS. I implore you… try. Try to make the world a better place. [On stage, Hopps readies to pin a BADGE on Nick. As she approaches, they exchange a nod—a small, sincere gesture. She places the badge, then gives Nick an official salute.] HOPPS. Look inside yourself, and recognize that change starts with you. It starts with me. It starts with all of us. (Bush & Johnston, 2016, pp. 107 - 108)

Judy is a prove that even a rabbit can do what predators’ do, which is becoming a police officer. At the end of movie, Judy encouraged other animals to

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try. They can reach their dreams of becoming who they want to be, breaking the stereotype. Animals should be treated equally despite whether they are prey animals or predator animals.

3. Do Not Judge a Book by Its Cover

The message that can be found in Zootopia is also do not judge a book by its cover. Although Judy has been breaking stereotype since she was young, she still held on to a belief that predators are savages. Her statement during the press conference caused chaos in the city of Zootopia. Judy realized that she was wrong because she was tearing the community apart. Judy resigned from the precinct and left to go back home.

Judy worked at her parents’ farm after resigning from the precinct. When she was at the shop, Gideon Grey came, and her parents told her that they are working with Gideon now, saying that Judy actually opened their minds about predator animals. When Gideon was giving the pies for the kid bunnies, he mentioned the flowers growing near her parents’ crops, the night howlers. She came back to Zootopia to apologize to Nick. They teamed up again to find out that the predators going savages are caused by the serum from the night howlers, a poisonous flower. The serum was made to framed the predators, and it was manipulated by Mayor Bellwether. Mayor Bellwether used the prey animals’ fear of predator animals to make the predators the enemy. In the end it was proven that not all predators are savages.

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Judy is again proving that people cannot judge other people based on how they look and who they are. She easily labels all predators as savage, saying that it is their biology because it was what she believed in, but she was proven wrong when she and Nick found out that it was Bellwether’s scheme to make the predators the enemy. It was proven that not all predators are savages, and it was not in their

DNA. Gideon Grey, the fox who harassed Judy when she was young, becomes one of the top pastry chefs in the tri-burrows. Not only do not judge a book by its cover, but also people can change for the better.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

In this last chapter, the researcher concludes all discussions of the research’s problem statements. The object of this study is Zootopia movie and script. This study focuses on Judy Hopps, the main character in Zootopia, who is the first rabbit to become a police officer. Judy experienced external conflict in Zootopia. She experienced discrimination since she was a child until she got her first job as a police officer in the city of Zootopia, and the fear of predator animals. The researcher uses the New Criticism approach to analyze the movie and the script.

There are three research questions in this study. The first problem is how Judy

Hopps’ characteristics portrayed in Zootopia. The second problem is how Judy

Hopps experienced her conflict in Zootopia. The last problem is what are the messages related to the conflict revealed in Zootopia.

In analyzing the first problem, the researcher uses Boggs and Petrie’s eight methods of describing characters in film. The researcher finds that Judy is described as brave, smart, hard-working, kind, ambitious, and confident. These traits are shown throughout her life, such as when she experienced her conflict with Gideon

Grey, it was shown how brave Judy is when she faced him. Judy proved Gideon wrong by finally joining the police academy. Becoming a police officer has always been Judy’s dream since she was young because she wanted to make the world a better place where predator and prey can live together in harmony. A few years later, she joined the police academy. It was shown that Judy is an ambitious person

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and also hard-working.

Judy is also described as kind. This trait was displayed when she helped strangers. Judy helped Nick when they first met without knowing that Nick is actually a con artist, she saved a mouse from getting hit by an ornamental donut and complimented her. She offered to help Mrs. Otterton to find her missing husband even though Bogo made it clear that he did not want to give Judy any case from the missing animals. Lastly, her confidence is shown through her thoughts about herself. When she faced Gideon Grey, Gideon said that Judy does not know when to quit, and he assaulted her. Judy got up and told her friend that Gideon is right about her not knowing when to quit. She was confident that she would become a police officer.

The second problem the researcher discusses the conflict experienced by

Judy Hopps in Zootopia using Boggs and Petrie’s theory of conflict. Judy experienced external conflict in the movie, which is discrimination done by the people around her, and the fear of predator animals. There are two types of discrimination in this study. The first is direct discrimination. Direct discrimination is an act of discrimination against a person or group based on a real or assumed situation and character or feature. In Zootopia, a prey is considered weaker than a predator; therefore, Judy is considered weak. Judy is discriminated by Gideon Grey,

Major Friedkin, and Chief Bogo. Gideon called her a loser, telling her that a rabbit could never be a cop. Gideon also brought up the fact that a fox is a predator, and killing is in their DNA to frighten Judy. Gideon assaulted her and called her a

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stupid, carrot farming dumb bunny. Gideon discriminated against her because of who she is.

Major Friedkin was Judy’s trainer at the police academy. Judy was different than most of the cadets due to her race. She was smaller than most of them. When

Judy failed during a test, Major Friedkin would always say that Judy is dead and then called her names such as farm girl and fluff butt. After graduating from the police academy, Judy became the first rabbit police officer in Zootopia. On her first day, Chief Bogo did not give her the missing mammal cases. Chief Bogo thought that Judy was not capable of solving the case because Judy is a rabbit. He then gave her a parking duty on her first day, ignoring the fact that she graduated at the top of her class from the police academy. The second type of discrimination is indirect discrimination. Indirect discrimination is a discrimination treatment to puts certain persons or groups in a worse situation. In the beginning, indirect discrimination follows the requirements of equal treatment. Gideon Grey and Nick Wilde indirectly discriminated against Judy in Zootopia. During a play performance that

Judy and her friends delivered, Judy revealed that she wanted to be a police officer.

Gideon spoke up that a rabbit police officer is the stupidest thing he ever heard.

When Judy agreed to help Mrs. Otterton find her husband, she found a clue that leads her to Nick, the fox she helped at the ice cream shop that turned out to be a con artist. Nick agreed to help after Judy after she recorded their conversation about

Nick not paying any taxes. He was afraid that he would get arrested. After finding out the car that took Mr. Otterton, Nick brought her to the Department of Mammal vehicles to find out whose car took Mr. Otterton. Nick purposely made them waste

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the day by distracting Flash, the sloth, who worked there. Judy argued that the otter is missing, but Nick acted like he did not care and said they should let a real cop find him. Both of the scenes showed how Judy experienced indirect discrimination.

Gideon and Nick did not take her seriously because of who she is.

The second external conflict that Judy experienced is the fear of predator animals. When Judy was young, she was harassed by Gideon Grey. Even though

Judy did not feel traumatized by the experience, she was still feeling skeptical about predators, especially a fox. She still believed that all predators are savages. When she saw Nick Wilde, a fox, outside Jumbeax Café, she was thinking the worst about him. Judy also made a statement about predators as savages are because of their biology during a press conference. Her statement teared the community in Zootopia apart.

Lastly, the researcher discusses the messages related to the conflict in

Zootopia using the explicit meaning from the theory of messages by Bordwell.

According to Bordwell, explicit meaning is the conceptual meaning or “point” that a film is stated directly. Judy Hopps experienced discrimination since she was young until she joined the 1st precinct in Zootopia. The first explicit meaning that can be found in Zootopia is that discrimination and stereotype can be eliminated.

Judy is an example that discrimination and stereotype can be eliminated. She has been breaking stereotypes since she was still young. Her dream was to become a police officer to make the world a better place. There were no rabbit officers before, and in Zootopia, only big animals or predator animals can work as a police officer or become a leader. Therefore, Gideon thinks that a rabbit becoming a police officer

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is stupid. Judy is described as brave, smart, hard-working, kind, ambitious, and confident; thus, she did not let Gideon’s words get to her. She joined the police academy years later. Even though she experienced discrimination at the academy and after joining the 1st precinct in Zootopia, Judy continued to break that stereotype by becoming the first rabbit officer. The second explicit meaning that can be found in Zootopia is that everyone can achieve their dreams. The city of Zootopia has a motto that “Anyone can be anything.” Meaning that predators and prey can break through the stereotype that has been set for them. Judy is proof that a prey animal like her can be a police officer in Zootopia. She breaks the stereotype that prey animal is seen as weak, and only big animals and predators can become police officers. In Zootopia, it was proven that not all preys are weak, and not all predators are savages.

The last message that can be found in Zootopia is do not judge a book by its cover. Judy believed that predators are savages are because of their biology. She easily labeled all predators as savages, and she delivered it during the press conference. Later on, she realized that not all predators are savages. Her parents even told her that Judy opened their minds about working with predator animals.

They are working with Gideon Grey, the fox who harassed Judy when she was young. Judy proved that people cannot judge other people based on their look and who they are.

In conclusion, Judy Hopps’ characteristics helped her break the discrimination and stereotype set in Zootopia. She also encouraged other animals to try, because change starts with them. The message that also can be found in this

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movie is that do not judge a book by its cover. The researcher suggests future researchers observe the script and movie deeper by using a different approach or perspective or analyzing more of the characters in the script and movie, such as analyzing Nick and Mayor Bellwether’s experiences against discrimination.

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