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Pauri 5 Overview the Fifth Pauri Is Accompanied by Two Saloks. The The Guru Granth Sahib Project Asa Ki Var, Version 1 Pauri 5 Overview The fifth pauri is accompanied by two saloks. The first salok is comprised of four lines and the second is comprised of twenty-six. In the first salok, there is a description of the Divine-play (rās) in creation. It is suggested that nature itself is performing a Divine-play in which, parts of time and elements of nature are characters. The second salok contains three parts. The first part constitutes a satirical narrative of a theatrical performance (rās līlā1) - being carried out by actors, performers or street-artists. It explains that instead of making human life worthy through gaining an understanding of the mystery of the play of nature, human life is being wasted by engaging in superficial plays. The second part mentions the life- sketch of IkOankar’s servants imbued with IkOankar. In the third part, there is a satire on dance-rotations of the street-artists being compared to the devices rotating on their axis. In the pauri, it has been mentioned that the Nam of the formless IkOankar, when remembered in the spirit of complete surrender, is the right course of action to attain spiritual freedom. salok m: 1. ghaṛīā sabhe gopīā pahar kann̖ gopāl. gahaṇe paüṇu pāṇī baisantaru candu sūraju avtār. saglī dhartī mālu dhanu vartaṇi sarab jañjālu. nānak musai giān vihūṇī khāi gaïā jamkālu.1. Literal Translation 1 Literally, a play (līlā) of aesthetics (rās), or more broadly, a pleasurable act or dance of love performed by Krishan and the cow-maidens, his beloved friends. This is part of the traditional story of Krishan described in the Hindu literature and scripture, where he dances with his beloved Radha and her companions. The rās līlā (play of aesthetics) would take place when the cow-maidens of Vrindavan, upon hearing the sound of Krishan’s flute, would sneak away from their households to the forest to dance with him throughout the night. In the early 15th Century, it became a popular form of folk theatre in Mathura and Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh, India, especially during the festival of Krishan’s birthday. The rās līlā is performed either by boys and girls, or by girls only. The dance is often accompanied with folk songs and devotional music. The whole performance is considered an experience of the spiritual world, in which the songs describe the spiritual abode of Krishan, Radha, and her companions (gopīs). The actors or performers mimic them in order to visually represent the rās līlā that is being described in the songs. The group of actors is led by a leader called swami or guru. –adapted from Wikipedia © SikhRI 2020. All Rights Reserved. GuruGranthSahib.SikhRI.org 1 The Guru Granth Sahib Project Asa Ki Var, Version 1 All moments of day-night are cow-maidens; eight parts of day-night are Krishan’s cow-herds. Air, water, and fire are the ornaments; the moon and the sun are the incarnations. The entire earth is wealth; indulging (in it) is all material entanglement. Nanak! Devoid of wisdom (the populace) is being plundered; Jamkal has eaten (it) away.2 Interpretive Transcreation All moments of day-night are like Krishan’s female companions (cow-maidens) dancing in the play of the formless One’s creation; all parts of day-night are like Krishan’s male companions (cow-herds). All natural elements (air, water, and fire) are like ornaments worn by the female and male companions; the moon and the sun are like the incarnations of Krishan and Ram. All material objects of earth are like the material wealth of the female and male companions; all worldly entanglement is like the usage of that wealth.3 Nanak! Devoid of wisdom, the world is being deceived in this play. Jamkal, the fear of death, has and continues to eat away the world. Word Meaning ghaṛīā = moments of day-night, the sixty divisions of day-night.4 noun, nominative case; feminine, plural. Old Panjabi/Braj – ghaṛī (clock, period of 24 minutes); Apabhransh – ghaṛī; Prakrit – ghaḍī (pot, water clock); Pali – ghaṭī (pot); Sanskrit – ghaṭī (घटी - pot, water clock; period of 24 minutes). sabhe5 = all. 2 Meaning derived by changing the sentence structure. 3 vartaṇi vartiā sarab janjālu. –Guru Granth Sahib 1287 4 Word ‘ghaṛī’ is a time indicating unit used in the older times, which according to Mahan Kosh is equal to twenty-four minutes. According to this standard, a day and night together would have sixty ‘ghaṛīāṁ.’ But during the time of Bhagat Kabir, a ‘ghaṛī’ was considered to be of twenty-two minutes, and a day and night were equal to sixty-four ‘ghaṛīāṁ’: āṭh jāmi caüsaṭhi ghaṛī tua nirkhat rahai jīu. –Guru Granth Sahib 1377 5 In Guru Granth Sahib, ‘sabhi’ is used as a plural. Here ‘sabhi’ has been poetically modified into ‘sabhe.’ © SikhRI 2020. All Rights Reserved. GuruGranthSahib.SikhRI.org 2 The Guru Granth Sahib Project Asa Ki Var, Version 1 adjective (of gopīā), nominative case; feminine, plural. Old Panjabi – sabh/sabhe; Lahndi – sabho; Sindhi – sabhu; Apabhransh – sabbha; Prakrit – savva/sabba; Sanskrit – sarva (सर्व - all, everyone). gopīā = gopis, female cowherds/cow-maidens; Krishan’s female companions.6 noun, nominative case; feminine, plural. Old Panjabi – gopīā; Sanskrit – gopī (गोपी - milkmaid, cow-maid). pahar = eight parts of day-night, all parts of day-night.7 noun, nominative case; masculine, plural. Lahndi/Sindhi/Kashmiri/Braj/Apabhransh – pahar; Sanskrit – prahar (प्रहर - eighth part of a day and night combined, a duration of three hours). kann̖ = of Kanha, of Krishan. noun, genitive case; masculine, singular. Prakrit – kannha/kinnha/kisaṇ; Pali – kaṇha; Sanskrit – krishaṇ (कृष्ण - dark blue, black; Krishan). gopāl = caretaker of cows, male cowherds/milkmen; male companions of Krishan.8 noun, nominative case; masculine, plural. Old Panjabi – gopāl; Sanskrit – gopāl (गोपाल - caretaker of cows, male cowherds). gahaṇe = ornaments. noun, nominative case; masculine, plural. Old Panjabi – gahaṇe; Oria – gahaṇā; Lahndi/Sanskrit – gahanā (गहना - ornaments). paüṇu = air. noun, nominative case; masculine, singular. Old Panjabi – paüṇu; Apabhransh – paüṇ/ paün; Prakrit – pavan/payaṇ; Sanskrit – pavan (पर्न् - air). 6 The word ‘gopī’ has been specifically used for the cow-maidens of Vrindavan, who used to play with Krishan during his stay at Gokul. –Prof. Sahib Singh, Srī Gurū Granth Sāhib Darpaṇ (Vol 3), Raj Publishers, Jalandhar, 1963, page 628 7 The eighth part of a day and night (equivalent to three hours) is called a ‘pahar.’ 8 Though the word ‘gopāl’ is also an adjective used for Krishan, contextually, and also because ‘pahar’ being a plural here, the appropriate meaning of ‘gopāl’ is ‘the caretakers of cows, cowherds/milkmen; male companions of Krishan.’ © SikhRI 2020. All Rights Reserved. GuruGranthSahib.SikhRI.org 3 The Guru Granth Sahib Project Asa Ki Var, Version 1 pāṇī = water. noun, nominative case; masculine, singular. Old Panjabi/Lahndi/Sindhi/Apabhransh – pāṇī; Prakrit – pāṇīa; Sanskrit – pāṇīya (पानीय - water). baisantaru = fire. noun, nominative case; masculine, singular. Marwari/Dingal/Braj – baisantar; Apabhransh – baisandar; Prakrit – baisvāṇaro; Sanskrit – vaishvanarah (र्ैशर्ानर: - fire). candu = moon. noun, nominative case; masculine, singular. Apabhransh – candu/candā; Prakrit – cand; Pali – cand (moon); Sanskrit – candrah (चन्द्र: - shining, moon). sūraj = sun. noun, nominative case; masculine, singular. Braj/Apabhransh/Prakrit – sūraj; Sanskrit – sūrya (सूयव - sun). avtār = incarnations, those who are born for a special purpose; incarnations of Krishan and Ram.9 noun, nominative case; masculine, plural. Old Panjabi/Apabhransh – avtār; Sanskrit – avtārah (अर्तार: - to descend, to take birth, to come to earth for a special purpose). saglī = all, entire. Adjective (of dhartī), nominative case; feminine, singular. Old Panjabi – saglī/sagal; Apabhransh – sagal; Prakrit – sagal/sayal; Sanskrit – sakal (सकल - entire). dhartī = earth. noun, nominative case; feminine, singular. 9 An invisible personality taking form is called incarnation. Time is an intangible/invisible thing. Sun and moon, which are the cause of division in time (day and night), are tangible, and considered the incarnations of time. –Shabdārth, Srī Guru Granth Sahib, Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Amritsar, 2017, page 465 © SikhRI 2020. All Rights Reserved. GuruGranthSahib.SikhRI.org 4 The Guru Granth Sahib Project Asa Ki Var, Version 1 Maithili/Braj/Sindhi/Apabhransh – dhartī; Sanskrit – dharitrī (धररत्री - one who holds, earth). mālu dhanu = material objects, wealth, riches.10 noun, nominative case; masculine, singular. – money, wealth) + Old Panjabi/Apabhransh – dhanu; Sanskrit - مال) Arabic – māl dhanam (धनम् - wealth, riches, money). vartaṇi11 = utility, usage, indulging (in material objects). noun, nominative case; feminine, singular. Old Panjabi – vartaṇi; Sanskrit – vartan (र्तवन - subsistence, material necessary for subsistence; living/lifestyle). sarab = all. adjective (of janjālu), nominative case; masculine, singular. Braj – sarab; Apabhransh – sarab; Sanskrit – sarva (सर्व - all, everyone). janjālu = material entanglement/attachment; worldly entanglement. noun, nominative case; masculine, singular. Oria/Bhojpuri – janjāl; Sindhi – janjālu; Sanskrit – janjāl (जꅍजाल - worry, work, bondage). nānak = Nanak! noun, vocative case; masculine, singular. musai = is being plundered, is being deceived. verb, present tense; third person, feminine, singular. Old Panjabi/Braj – musai; Apabhransh/Prakrit – musaï; Sanskrit – mushayate (मुष्यते - has been looted). giān = (without) wisdom, (devoid
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