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Konstrukce LGBTQ Identit V Rámci Dominantního Ne- Heteronormativního Diskurzu

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Konstrukce LGBTQ Identit V Rámci Dominantního Ne- Heteronormativního Diskurzu UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA KATEDRA DIVADELNÍCH, FILMOVÝCH A MEDIÁLNÍCH STUDIÍ STAND POINT SERIÁLY V KONTEXTU AMERICKÉHO A BRITSKÉHO TV VYSÍLÁNÍ: Konstrukce LGBTQ identit v rámci dominantního ne- heteronormativního diskurzu (Stand Point Series in the Context of American and British TV Broadcasting: The Construction of LGBTQ Identities within the Dominant Non-Heteronormative Discourse) (Magisterská diplomová práce) Jana Jedli čková Vedoucí magisterské diplomové práce: Mgr. Jakub Korda, Ph.D. Olomouc 2012 Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto magisterskou diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatn ě s použitím pramen ů a literatury uvedených v bibliografii. V Olomouci dne 2 Pod ěkování Děkuji tímto Mgr. Ev ě Chlumské za nekone čné diskuze o LGBTQ seriálech a sériích a reprezentacích LGBTQ identit v médiích. Často byly zdrojem inspirace nejen pro tuto práci. Sou časn ě d ěkuji Natalii Edwards, Ph.D. za to, že vytvo řila jednu z prvních prací věnujících se reprezentacím LGBTQ identit v televizi se zohledn ěním socio- historického, politického a produk čního kontextu (britské) TV. Bez jejího inspira čního vkladu by část této práce nemohla nikdy vzniknout. 3 Obsah Úvod............ .................................................................................................................................. 6 Vyhodnocení literatury a pramen ů .............................................................................................. 11 Metodologie ................................................................................................................................ 15 Teoretická východiska a základní pojmy .................................................................................... 19 1. Pojem „stand point“ – revize a redefinice ............................................................................... 22 1.1 Revize pojmu „stand point“ .................................................................................................. 22 1.2 Redefinice pojmu „stand point“ ............................................................................................ 24 1.2.1 Deanova koncepce pojmu stand point ................................................................................ 24 1.2.2 Stand point seriály jako sou část t řetí etapy zobrazování LGBTQ identit .......................... 26 1.3 Pojmové alternativy „stand point“ seriál ů ............................................................................. 29 2. Britské a americké televizní vysílání v kontextu vzniku stand point seriál ů .......................... 31 2.1 Kontext britského TV vysílání .............................................................................................. 32 2.1.1 BBC .................................................................................................................................... 32 2.1.2 Channel4 ........................................................................................................................... 33 2.2 Kontext amerického TV vysílání .......................................................................................... 34 3.2.1 Showtime ............................................................................................................................ 35 2.2.2 Here! .................................................................................................................................. 36 2.2.3 Logo TV .............................................................................................................................. 37 3. Britské stand point seriály ....................................................................................................... 37 3.1 Queer as Folk: The Original Series ...................................................................................... 38 3.2 Lip Service ............................................................................................................................ 41 4. Americké stand point seriály ................................................................................................... 44 4.1 Queer as Folk (U.S.) .............................................................................................................. 45 4.2 Queer Duck ........................................................................................................................... 48 4.3 The L Word ........................................................................................................................... 49 4 4.4 Noah´s Arc ............................................................................................................................ 51 4.5 Dante´s Cove ......................................................................................................................... 52 4.6 The DL Chronicles ................................................................................................................ 53 4.7 The Lair ................................................................................................................................. 55 4.8 Exes&Ohs ............................................................................................................................. 55 4.9 Rick&Steve: The Happiest Gay Couple in All the World .................................................... 56 5. Konstrukce LGBTQ identit ve stand point seriálech a heteronormativita .............................. 58 6. Tematická rovina stand point seriál ů ...................................................................................... 61 6.1 Coming Out ........................................................................................................................... 62 6.2 Alternativní rodina ................................................................................................................ 63 6.3 Diskrimina ční zákony ........................................................................................................... 65 6.3.1 Don´t Ask, Don´t Tell ......................................................................................................... 65 6.3.2 Prop 8 ................................................................................................................................. 66 6.3.3 Článek 28 ........................................................................................................................... 66 6.4 HIV/ AIDS ............................................................................................................................ 67 6.5 LGBTQ subkultura ................................................................................................................ 67 6.6 Zlo činy z nenávisti/ šikana .................................................................................................... 69 6.7 „Pink Money“ ....................................................................................................................... 69 7. Stand point seriály a kritika mediální konstrukce LGBTQ identit .......................................... 71 7.1 Gay as Blazes ........................................................................................................................ 75 7.2 Queer Guy ............................................................................................................................. 77 7.3 Rage ...................................................................................................................................... 79 7.4 The Lez Girls ........................................................................................................................ 80 Záv ěr ..........................................................................................................................................82 Prameny a literatura .................................................................................................................... 87 Obrazové p řílohy ......................................................................................................................... 94 Seznam obrazových p říloh .......................................................................................................... 94 5 Úvod Televize produkuje fik ční tvorbu už od dob svých pozvolných masových za čátk ů v 50. letech 20. století. Obsahová i tematická rovina takovýchto fik čních seriál ů, sérií a televizních film ů je r ůznorodá, a ť už reflektující široké spektrum spole čensky rezonujících témat, či nám ětů veskrze všeobecn ě protežovaných ve všech sférách kultury a spole čnosti. Naprostá v ětšina (nejen) televizní fik ční tvorby má ovšem spole čnou jednu vlastnost, a sice heteronormativní zarámování. V oblasti televizní fik ční seriálové tvorby, která je p ředm ětem této magisterské diplomové práce, výše uvedené tvrzení dokládá fakt existence pouze cca jedenácti fik čních seriál ů1, které nejsou podle mého názoru za řaditelné do kategorie heteronormativních seriál ů a sérií. 2 I pro svou jedine čnost a s ohledem na zjišt ění získaná b ěhem vzniku bakalá řské diplomové práce Tři etapy zobrazování LGBT postav v TV seriálech a sériích 3 jsem se proto rozhodla v ěnovat tuto práci tzv. stand point seriál ům. Cílem této magisterské diplomové práce nazvané Stand point seriály v kontextu amerického a britského TV vysílání: konstrukce LGBTQ identit v rámci dominantního ne-heteronormativního diskurzu je p ředevším vysv ětlit detailn ěji podstatu seriál ů, které ozna čuji pojmem stand point 4, a odlišit je obsahov
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