Appendix C Diacritics and Special Characters
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The Origin of the Peculiarities of the Vietnamese Alphabet André-Georges Haudricourt
The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet André-Georges Haudricourt To cite this version: André-Georges Haudricourt. The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet. Mon-Khmer Studies, 2010, 39, pp.89-104. halshs-00918824v2 HAL Id: halshs-00918824 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00918824v2 Submitted on 17 Dec 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Published in Mon-Khmer Studies 39. 89–104 (2010). The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet by André-Georges Haudricourt Translated by Alexis Michaud, LACITO-CNRS, France Originally published as: L’origine des particularités de l’alphabet vietnamien, Dân Việt Nam 3:61-68, 1949. Translator’s foreword André-Georges Haudricourt’s contribution to Southeast Asian studies is internationally acknowledged, witness the Haudricourt Festschrift (Suriya, Thomas and Suwilai 1985). However, many of Haudricourt’s works are not yet available to the English-reading public. A volume of the most important papers by André-Georges Haudricourt, translated by an international team of specialists, is currently in preparation. Its aim is to share with the English- speaking academic community Haudricourt’s seminal publications, many of which address issues in Southeast Asian languages, linguistics and social anthropology. -
ENG ME 566 Advanced Engineering Mathematics Instructor: M
Fall 2011 ME 566 Advanced Engineering Mathematics ENG ME 566 Advanced Engineering Mathematics Instructor: M. S. Howe EMA 218 (730 Commonwealth Ave) [email protected] Prerequisites: Multivariate Calculus; Ordinary Differential Equations; or instructor permission. It is expected that you can already: • solve simple first and second order linear ordinary differential equations • differentiate and integrate elementary functions, including trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions • integrate by parts; evaluate simple surface and volume integrals • use the binomial theorem and the series expansions of elementary functions (sine, cosine, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions) • do all the problems in the prerequisites self test at the end of these notes. Course Outcomes: • consolidate understanding of vector calculus and applications to graduate level engi- neering • introductory understanding of complex variable theory with applications to engineering problems • ability to solve standard partial differential equations of engineering science using eigen- function expansions, Fourier transforms and generalised functions • become proficient in documenting calculations Textbook: Lectures are based on Mathematical Methods for Mechanical Sciences (M. S. Howe; 6th edition). It can be downloaded in pdf form from the ME 566 BlackBoard web site. You are expected to ‘read around’ the subject, and are recommended to consult other textbooks such as those listed on page 5. Course grading: • 4 take-home examinations (12.5% each) • final closed book examination (50%) Fall 2011 1 ME 566 Advanced Engineering Mathematics Fall 2011 ME 566 Advanced Engineering Mathematics Homework: Four ungraded homework assignments provide practice in applying techniques taught in class – model answers will be posted on BlackBoard. In addition there are four take home exams each consisting of a short essay and 5 problems. -
Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, The
AGREEMENT Between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Cooperation in the Area of Environment and Rational Nature Use The Governments of the participating countries of the Agreement hereinafter referred to as the Parties, Guided by the Treaty on Eternal Friendship between the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Uzbekistan, signed in Bishkek, January 10, 1997; Attaching great significance to environmental protection and rational use of the natural resources and desiring to obtain practical results in this field by means of effective cooperation; Realistically estimating potentialities of ecological dangers in the context of unfavorable natural climatic and hydrometeorological conditions, and acknowledging these problems as the common tasks; Recognizing the great importance of protection and improvement of the environmental situation, prudent and zealous use of natural resources for effectuation of economic and social development with due regard to the interests of the living and future generations; Expressing confidence that cooperation while solving common problems in the environmental protection in each of the countries meets their mutual advantage; and Desiring thereafter to promote the international efforts through this cooperation, aimed at protection and improvement of the environment and rational use of natural resources as the basis of the sound development on the global and regional levels; Have agreed as follows: Article I The Parties shall develop cooperation in the area of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources on the basis of equality of rights, mutual benefit pursuant to the Laws of the respective Countries. -
1 Curl and Divergence
Sections 15.5-15.8: Divergence, Curl, Surface Integrals, Stokes' and Divergence Theorems Reeve Garrett 1 Curl and Divergence Definition 1.1 Let F = hf; g; hi be a differentiable vector field defined on a region D of R3. Then, the divergence of F on D is @ @ @ div F := r · F = ; ; · hf; g; hi = f + g + h ; @x @y @z x y z @ @ @ where r = h @x ; @y ; @z i is the del operator. If div F = 0, we say that F is source free. Note that these definitions (divergence and source free) completely agrees with their 2D analogues in 15.4. Theorem 1.2 Suppose that F is a radial vector field, i.e. if r = hx; y; zi, then for some real number p, r hx;y;zi 3−p F = jrjp = (x2+y2+z2)p=2 , then div F = jrjp . Theorem 1.3 Let F = hf; g; hi be a differentiable vector field defined on a region D of R3. Then, the curl of F on D is curl F := r × F = hhy − gz; fz − hx; gx − fyi: If curl F = 0, then we say F is irrotational. Note that gx − fy is the 2D curl as defined in section 15.4. Therefore, if we fix a point (a; b; c), [gx − fy](a; b; c), measures the rotation of F at the point (a; b; c) in the plane z = c. Similarly, [hy − gz](a; b; c) measures the rotation of F in the plane x = a at (a; b; c), and [fz − hx](a; b; c) measures the rotation of F in the plane y = b at the point (a; b; c). -
Teletext Network Api
FAB TELETEXT NETWORK API LAST MODIFICATION DATE: 2018-11-16 Part 1 F.A. BERNHARDT GMBH Teletext & Subtitling Products Group Teletext Network API TELETEXT & SUBTITLIN G PRODUCTS GROUP Teletext Network API F.A. Bernhardt GmbH Melkstattweg 27 • 83646 Bad Tölz, Germany Telephone +49 8041 76890 • Fax +49 8041 768932 E-Mail: [email protected] http://www.fab-online.com The data in this document is subject to change without notice. i Table of contents Introduction ................................................................................................................. 3 Description of the API ................................................................................................ 5 API Functions / Methods ............................................................................................ 8 Description of the ETTWAC32.DLL ........................................................................ 20 API Functions ........................................................................................................... 23 Examples ................................................................................................................... 34 TCP/IP Protocol ........................................................................................................ 42 ii Chapter 1 Introduction Main features of the FAB Teletext Data Generator API This document describes the API that allows accessing the FAB Teletext Data Generator over network, serial port or modem/ISDN from 3rd party applications that are running under -
Ffontiau Cymraeg
This publication is available in other languages and formats on request. Mae'r cyhoeddiad hwn ar gael mewn ieithoedd a fformatau eraill ar gais. [email protected] www.caerphilly.gov.uk/equalities How to type Accented Characters This guidance document has been produced to provide practical help when typing letters or circulars, or when designing posters or flyers so that getting accents on various letters when typing is made easier. The guide should be used alongside the Council’s Guidance on Equalities in Designing and Printing. Please note this is for PCs only and will not work on Macs. Firstly, on your keyboard make sure the Num Lock is switched on, or the codes shown in this document won’t work (this button is found above the numeric keypad on the right of your keyboard). By pressing the ALT key (to the left of the space bar), holding it down and then entering a certain sequence of numbers on the numeric keypad, it's very easy to get almost any accented character you want. For example, to get the letter “ô”, press and hold the ALT key, type in the code 0 2 4 4, then release the ALT key. The number sequences shown from page 3 onwards work in most fonts in order to get an accent over “a, e, i, o, u”, the vowels in the English alphabet. In other languages, for example in French, the letter "c" can be accented and in Spanish, "n" can be accented too. Many other languages have accents on consonants as well as vowels. -
Proposal to Encode Two Latin Letters for Janalif — 2010-09-24 Page 1 of 9 2
JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3916 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal to encode two Latin letters for Jaalif (remaining characters of N3581 from 2009-03-16 which was partially accepted) Source: Karl Pentzlin, Ilya Yevlampiev (Илья Евлампиев) Status: Individual Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2010-09-24 Additions for Janalif U+A792 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YERU → 042B cyrillic capital letter yeru → 042C cyrillic capital letter soft sign → 0184 latin capital letter tone six U+A793 LATIN SMALL LETTER YERU → 0131 latin small letter dotless i Properties: A792;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YERU;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;A793; A793;LATIN SMALL LETTER YERU;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;A792;;A792 1. The Jaalif alphabet (fig. 3, 4; excerpt from N3581) In 1908–1909 the Tatar poet Säğit Rämiev started to use the Latin alphabet in his own works. He offered the use of digraphs: ea for ä, eu for ü, eo for ö and ei for ı. But Arabists turned down his project. In the early 1920s Azerbaijanis invented their own Latin alphabet, but Tatarstan scholars set a little store to this project, preferring to reform the İske imlâ (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iske_imla). The simplified İske imlâ, known as Yaña imlâ (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/yana_imla) was used from 1920–1927. [1] But Latinization was adopted by the Soviet officials and the special Central Committee for a New Alpha- bet was established in Moscow. The first project of the Tatar-Bashkir Latin alphabet was published in Eşce (The Worker) gazette in 1924. -
Combining Diacritical Marks Range: 0300–036F the Unicode Standard
Combining Diacritical Marks Range: 0300–036F The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0. Characters in this chart that are new for The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 are shown in conjunction with any existing characters. For ease of reference, the new characters have been highlighted in the chart grid and in the names list. This file will not be updated with errata, or when additional characters are assigned to the Unicode Standard. See http://www.unicode.org/charts for access to a complete list of the latest character charts. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the on-line reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this excerpt file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (ISBN 0-321-18578-1), as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24 and #29, the other Unicode Technical Reports and the Unicode Character Database, which are available on-line. See http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UCD.html and http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. Fonts The shapes of the reference glyphs used in these code charts are not prescriptive. Considerable variation is to be expected in actual fonts. -
Medical Terminology Abbreviations Medical Terminology Abbreviations
34 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS The following list contains some of the most common abbreviations found in medical records. Please note that in medical terminology, the capitalization of letters bears significance as to the meaning of certain terms, and is often used to distinguish terms with similar acronyms. @—at A & P—anatomy and physiology ab—abortion abd—abdominal ABG—arterial blood gas a.c.—before meals ac & cl—acetest and clinitest ACLS—advanced cardiac life support AD—right ear ADL—activities of daily living ad lib—as desired adm—admission afeb—afebrile, no fever AFB—acid-fast bacillus AKA—above the knee alb—albumin alt dieb—alternate days (every other day) am—morning AMA—against medical advice amal—amalgam amb—ambulate, walk AMI—acute myocardial infarction amt—amount ANS—automatic nervous system ant—anterior AOx3—alert and oriented to person, time, and place Ap—apical AP—apical pulse approx—approximately aq—aqueous ARDS—acute respiratory distress syndrome AS—left ear ASA—aspirin asap (ASAP)—as soon as possible as tol—as tolerated ATD—admission, transfer, discharge AU—both ears Ax—axillary BE—barium enema bid—twice a day bil, bilateral—both sides BK—below knee BKA—below the knee amputation bl—blood bl wk—blood work BLS—basic life support BM—bowel movement BOW—bag of waters B/P—blood pressure bpm—beats per minute BR—bed rest MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS 35 BRP—bathroom privileges BS—breath sounds BSI—body substance isolation BSO—bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy BUN—blood, urea, nitrogen -
Gerard Manley Hopkins' Diacritics: a Corpus Based Study
Gerard Manley Hopkins’ Diacritics: A Corpus Based Study by Claire Moore-Cantwell This is my difficulty, what marks to use and when to use them: they are so much needed, and yet so objectionable.1 ~Hopkins 1. Introduction In a letter to his friend Robert Bridges, Hopkins once wrote: “... my apparent licences are counterbalanced, and more, by my strictness. In fact all English verse, except Milton’s, almost, offends me as ‘licentious’. Remember this.”2 The typical view held by modern critics can be seen in James Wimsatt’s 2006 volume, as he begins his discussion of sprung rhythm by saying, “For Hopkins the chief advantage of sprung rhythm lies in its bringing verse rhythms closer to natural speech rhythms than traditional verse systems usually allow.”3 In a later chapter, he also states that “[Hopkins’] stress indicators mark ‘actual stress’ which is both metrical and sense stress, part of linguistic meaning broadly understood to include feeling.” In his 1989 article, Sprung Rhythm, Kiparsky asks the question “Wherein lies [sprung rhythm’s] unique strictness?” In answer to this question, he proposes a system of syllable quantity coupled with a set of metrical rules by which, he claims, all of Hopkins’ verse is metrical, but other conceivable lines are not. This paper is an outgrowth of a larger project (Hayes & Moore-Cantwell in progress) in which Kiparsky’s claims are being analyzed in greater detail. In particular, we believe that Kiparsky’s system overgenerates, allowing too many different possible scansions for each line for it to be entirely falsifiable. The goal of the project is to tighten Kiparsky’s system by taking into account the gradience that can be found in metrical well-formedness, so that while many different scansion of a line may be 1 Letter to Bridges dated 1 April 1885. -
ENG 2210 Writing About Literature: Novels Cr
ENG 2210 Writing about Literature: Novels Cr. 3 ENG - ENGLISH Satisfies General Education Requirement: Cultural Inquiry, Intermediate Comp Pre-2018 ENG 1010 Basic Writing Cr. 3 Critical reading of, and writing about, a representative sample of Extensive practice in fundamentals of college writing and reading in novels from the eighteenth century through the modern period. Offered preparation for ENG 1020. Offered Every Term. Intermittently. ENG 1020 Introductory College Writing Cr. 3 Prerequisites: ENG 1020 with a minimum grade of C, ENG 1020 with a Satisfies General Education Requirement: Basic Composition minimum grade of P, ENG 1050 with a minimum grade of C, College Level Competency Exam Program with a test score minimum of BC-BD, (AA) Exempt from A course in reading, research, and writing skills that prepares students to Gen Ed MACRAO with a test score minimum of 100, Michigan Transfer write successfully in college classes. Offered Every Term. Agreement with a test score minimum of 100, or (BA) Competencies Waiver with a test score minimum of 100 ENG 2100 Writing about Literature: Poetry Cr. 3 Satisfies General Education Requirement: Cultural Inquiry, Intermediate ENG 2390 Introduction to African-American Literature: Literature and Comp Pre-2018 Writing Cr. 3 Introduction to techniques and forms of poetry through critical reading Satisfies General Education Requirement: Diversity Equity Incl Inquiry, of, and writing about, poems of various types and from many periods. Intermediate Comp Pre-2018, Intermediate Comp Post-2018 Offered Intermittently. Introduction to major themes and some major writers of African- Prerequisites: ENG 1020 with a minimum grade of C, ENG 1020 with a American literature, emphasizing modern works. -
Typing in Greek Sarah Abowitz Smith College Classics Department
Typing in Greek Sarah Abowitz Smith College Classics Department Windows 1. Down at the lower right corner of the screen, click the letters ENG, then select Language Preferences in the pop-up menu. If these letters are not present at the lower right corner of the screen, open Settings, click on Time & Language, then select Region & Language in the sidebar to get to the proper screen for step 2. 2. When this window opens, check if Ελληνικά/Greek is in the list of keyboards on your computer under Languages. If so, go to step 3. Otherwise, click Add A New Language. Clicking Add A New Language will take you to this window. Look for Ελληνικά/Greek and click it. When you click Ελληνικά/Greek, the language will be added and you will return to the previous screen. 3. Now that Ελληνικά is listed in your computer’s languages, click it and then click Options. 4. Click Add A Keyboard and add the Greek Polytonic option. If you started this tutorial without the pictured keyboard menu in step 1, it should be in the lower right corner of your screen now. 5. To start typing in Greek, click the letters ENG next to the clock in the lower right corner of the screen. Choose “Greek Polytonic keyboard” to start typing in greek, and click “US keyboard” again to go back to English. Mac 1. Click the apple button in the top left corner of your screen. From the drop-down menu, choose System Preferences. When the window below appears, click the “Keyboard” icon.