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Phd Thesis Hanna Martin Innovation for tackling grand challenges Cleantech industry dynamics and regional context Martin, Hanna 2016 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Martin, H. (2016). Innovation for tackling grand challenges: Cleantech industry dynamics and regional context. Lund University. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 HANNA MARTIN HANNA Printed by Media- Tr yck, Lund University 2016 Nor Innovation tackling for grand challenges – Cleantech industry dynamics and regional context dic Ecolabel 3041 0903 Innovation for tackling grand challenges Cleantech industry dynamics and regional context HANNA MARTIN | FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES | LUND UNIVERSITY CIRCLE Department of Human Geography 530282 Faculty of Social Sciences 2016 ISBN 978-91-7753-028-2 789177 9 MEDDELANDEN FRÅN INSTITUTIONEN FÖR KULTURGEOGRAFI OCH EKONOMISK GEOGRAFI AVHANDLINGAR XIII Innovation for tackling grand challenges Cleantech industry dynamics and regional context Hanna Martin This study was made possible by funding from: The Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) European Science Foundation (ESF) Lund University (LU) The Research Council of Norway (RCN) Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (RJ) The Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) The Swedish Research Council (VR) Copyright: Hanna Martin and publishers Cover photo: public domain Centre for Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy (CIRCLE) and Department of Human Geography (KEG) Faculty of Social Sciences ISBN 978-91-7753-028-2 (print) ISBN 978-91-7753-029-9 (pdf) Printed in Sweden by Media-Tryck, Lund University Lund 2016 Acknowledgements Writing this dissertation would not have been possible without the support of various persons whom I met during the past years. I have much benefitted from discussions with colleagues, from feedback at conferences, seminars and workshops and from the participation in PhD courses. Moreover, this PhD thesis would not have come about without the trust and willingness of my interviewees to devote their time and to share their views and experiences with me. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all these individuals. It seems impossible to name everybody. Yet, I want to mention a few persons without whose immediate engagement this PhD project would not have been completed: Lars Coenen, my first supervisor, has provided the main guidance and intellectual basis for this PhD thesis. He engaged in discussions with me and gave feedback on my research ideas and manuscripts. He shared his networks and has been co-author of two articles of this PhD thesis. Moreover, I am thankful that he introduced me to the literature on socio-technical transitions. Michaela Trippl, my second supervisor, has been a great support through her critical reflections on my manuscripts and her feedback in frequent meetings and discussions. This PhD thesis has, amongst others, benefitted from her deep knowledge and competence in the literature on regional innovation systems. I am also thankful to Jerker Moodysson who gave me support and showed confidence in me along the way. Teis Hansen and Rob Raven, Susana Borrás and Jerker Moodysson as well as Bernhard Truffer have been excellent discussants at my first-year, mid-way respectively final PhD seminars and have provided valuable food for thought and improvement. Next to CIRCLE and the Department of Human Geography, I have also been affiliated with the Norwegian Research School in Innovation, and in particular with the Program in Innovation and Growth (NORSI-PING). I am thankful to Bjørn Asheim for having advised me to this affiliation. My PhD journey has greatly benefitted from the NORSI courses and research community. On a personal note, I want to thank my friends, old and new, close and far away, for your wonderful company during the past years. I am also extremely grateful to my parents for having supported various kinds of logistics during the writing process of this dissertation. And last but not least: Roman and Ella, you make my everyday life. Thank you for all your support. Abstract Grand challenges such as climate change put focus away from innovations and innovation policy as engines of economic growth towards fulfilling societal goals and sighting sustainable development. The literature on the geography of innovation has provided valuable insight on innovation activities of firms and industries and how they are positively influenced by co-location. In particular, short geographical distances have been found to facilitate trust, knowledge exchange and interactive learning processes that favour innovation. Innovation activities that address grand challenges have however gained surprisingly little attention in the discipline. This PhD thesis addresses this shortcoming and studies how and why change processes of industries towards more environmentally friendly modes in regions occur – or not. In other words, it engages in the question how such industry dynamics are enabled and/or constrained by regional context conditions. Consequently, it also puts central focus on the role respectively possibilities and limitations of regional innovation policy to support desirable transformation processes. The development of a bio-economy which draws on renewable resources from biomass possesses a key role in addressing grand challenges. Particularly, as biomass currently constitutes the only renewable resource for the production of liquid fuels and for materials such as plastics and chemicals. The dissertation engages in the possibilities and limitations of regions and their industries to realize shifts towards a bio-economy. Its theoretical objective is to contribute to a more coherent conceptual framework in the literature on economic geography regarding how to address grand challenges. The dissertation takes a regional innovation system perspective which considers economic and social interactions of actors from industry, academia and government as crucial for innovation to occur. This view is complemented by insights from the literature on socio-technical transitions which provides a co-evolutionary perspective on technologies and institutions. The findings suggest that in order to address grand challenges, regional innovation systems should be understood as being embedded into broader socio-technical systems. In other words, overall societal and economic developments impact activities of actors and actor groups in a regional innovation system. They can, on the one hand, reinforce ongoing (path-dependent) activities, while they, on the other hand, also can constitute triggers/origins for (radical) innovations. RIS can provide favourable settings for transformative, niche innovations to come about – for their further establishment however, the creation of so-called socio- technical alignments is crucial. These imply overall altered production and consumption patterns and co-evolving changes in technologies, infrastructures, regulatory frameworks and other societal dimensions, for example lifestyles. These insights lead to a new perspective on regional innovation policy and its role to create such alignments, both within and across regional boundaries and spatial scales. The research design is informed by a critical realist perspective, providing the ontological and epistemological basis for the conceptual advancement. The dissertation largely draws on qualitative research methods and studies industries in three different Swedish regions and their undertaking to increasingly, respectively more efficiently use biomass as raw material. In particular, the empirical focus is on the paper and pulp industry in the region around Örnsköldsvik, the biogas industry in Scania and the chemicals industry in the Stenungsund-Gothenburg region. This dissertation spans four articles that are published in or that are submitted to different, peer-reviewed journals. The articles are preceded by an introductory chapter which provides the overall theoretical background and framing, the research design and central findings of the dissertation. Keywords: economic geography, regional innovation systems, regional innovation policy, regional path development, innovation system failures, socio-technical transitions, grand challenges, cleantech, transformative change, Sweden Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... 6 List of Publications .........................................................................................
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