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Report of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms (WGPDMO)

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Report of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms (WGPDMO) ICES WGPDMO REPORT 2015 SCICOM STEERING GROUP ON ECOSYSTEM PRESSURES AND IMPACTS ICES CM 2015/SSGEPI:01 REF. ACOM, SCICOM Report of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms (WGPDMO) 24-28 February 2015 Helsinki, Finland International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46 DK-1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: ICES. 2015. Report of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Or- ganisms (WGPDMO), 24–28 February 2015, Helsinki, Finland. ICES CM 2015/SSGEPI:01. 124 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the Gen- eral Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of the Council. © 2015 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES WGPDMO REPORT 2015 | i Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................ 1 1 Administrative details .................................................................................................. 2 2 Terms of Reference a) – z) ............................................................................................ 2 3 Summary of Work plan ................................................................................................ 3 4 Summary of Achievements of the WG during 3-year term ................................... 4 5 Final report on ToRs, workplan and Science Implementation Plan .................... 5 5.1 Produce an update of new disease trends in wild and cultured fish, molluscs and crustaceans based on national reports (ToR a)................. 5 5.2 Parasites and other infectious agents in marine finfish and shellfish species posing a hazard to human health (ToR b) ......................................... 12 5.3 Disease interactions between wild and farmed finfish (ToR c and ToR k (OSPAR Request 2013/04)) ..................................................................... 27 5.4 Trends in important diseases affecting the culture of fish and molluscs in the ICES area 2003 – present (ToR d) .......................................... 28 5.5 Developing the Fish Disease Index (FDI) (ToR f) ........................................... 29 5.6 Disease associated population effects of commercial fish and shellfish species (ToR g) ..................................................................................... 30 5.7 ICES publications on pathology and diseases of marine organisms (ToR h) .................................................................................................................. 90 5.8 Development of templates for the national reports from ICES Member Countries (ToR j) ................................................................................. 91 5.9 OSPAR Special Request (OSPAR 3/2015) Development of a common monitoring protocol for plastic particles in fish stomachs and selected shellfish on the basis of existing fish disease surveys (ToR l) ................................................................................................................... 92 6 Cooperation ................................................................................................................ 107 7 Summary of Working Group evaluation and conclusions ................................ 107 Annex 1: List of participants............................................................................................. 108 Annex 2: Recommendations ............................................................................................. 109 Annex 3: WGPDMO draft terms of reference 2016–2018 ............................................ 110 Annex 4: Copy of Working Group evaluation .............................................................. 113 Annex 5: Common and scientific names of host species in the report ..................... 117 Annex 6: Technical minutes by RGPLAST.................................................................... 118 ICES WGPDMO REPORT 2015 | 1 Executive summary The ICES Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms (WGPD- MO) met 24–28 February 2015 at the Finnish Food Safety Authority (EVIRA) in Hel- sinki, Finland. The meeting, chaired by Neil Ruane (Ireland), was attended by 8 participants representing 8 ICES Member Countries. In order to consider the all Terms of Reference, intersessional work was done by WGPDMO members and sev- eral working documents were provided in advance of the meeting. The agenda items covered a wide range of topics related to diseases and pathology in wild and farmed finfish and shellfish. The group produced a report on new disease trends in wild and farmed fish and shellfish in the ICES area, based on national reports received from 14 member coun- tries. Amoebic gill disease, which was reported as increasing in Norway in the 2014 report, has spread even further and the first cases of AGD were reported in Canada and the Faroe Islands. A new virus (virus Y) was reported in farmed rainbow trout in Norway with pathological lesions similar to those reported for heart & skeletal mus- cle inflammation (HSMI). A number of shellfish pathogens have expanded their range, with Bonamia ostreae reported in flat oysters in Denmark and the OsHV-1µVar in Pacific oysters in Norwegian and Swedish waters. WGPDMO has completed a number of reports which are to be published including ‘Parasites of marine finfish and shellfish posing a hazard to human health’, ‘Trends in important diseases affecting the culture of fish and molluscs’ to be published as an ICES CRR and ‘Disease management mitigates risk of pathogen transmission from maricultured salmonids’ published in the journal “Aquaculture Environment Interac- tions”. A number of disease information leaflets have also been updated and details can found in Section 3 of this report. WGPDMO has formulated a response to OSPAR Special request 03/2015 on the po- tential to integrate monitoring for plastic particles in current fish disease surveys. WGPDMO concludes that the feasibility of including monitoring for plastic particles in the current fish disease monitoring programmes should be further developed. In previous years, WGPDMO has highlighted the decline in fish disease monitoring car- ried out by ICES member states and hopes that the inclusion of plastics will provide new impetus into this monitoring. The group also recommends that ICES identifies other expert groups (EGs) with the potential to take samples for plastics monitoring. WGPDMO acknowledges the ICES initiative to incorporate Aquaculture Science into its Strategic Plan and through the next three year reporting period will focus a num- ber of ToRs on diseases of importance in aquaculture (see Annex 3). This will be overseen by the new Chair of WGPDMO, Ryan Carnegie of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS). 2 | ICES WGPDMO REPORT 2015 1 Administrative details Working Group name Working Group on Pathology & Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (WGPDMO) Year of Appointment 2013 Reporting year concluding the current three-year cycle 3 Chair Neil Ruane, Ireland Meeting venue(s) and dates 5–9 March 2013, Padova, Italy, (13 participants) 25–28 February 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark, (12 participants) 24–28 February 2015, Helsinki, Finland, (8 participants) 2 Terms of Reference a) – z) ToR a) New disease trends in wild and cultured fish, molluscs, and crustaceans based on national reports. ToR b) Parasites and other infectious agents in marine finfish and shellfish species posing a hazard to human health. ToR c) Disease interactions between farmed and wild finfish. ToR d) ICES publication ‘Trends in important diseases affecting the culture of fish and molluscs in the ICES area 2003 – present’. ToR e) Maps of fish and shellfish diseases (discontinued – see WGPDMO Report 2014 ICES CM 2014/SSGHIE:02). ToR f) Development of the Fish Disease Index (FDI) in relation to results of FDI as- sessments of diseases of flounder and Baltic cod and liver histopathology and macro- scopic liver lesions in the common dab. ToR g) Disease associated population effects of commercial fish and shellfish species. ToR h) ICES publications on pathology and diseases of marine organisms. ToR i) Provide expert knowledge and advice on fish disease and related data to the ICES Data Centre on a continuous basis. ToR j) Development of templates for the national reports from ICES Member Coun- tries. ToR k) OSPAR Special Request (OSPAR 4/2014) Interactions between wild and cap- tive fish stocks. ICES WGPDMO REPORT 2015 | 3 ToR l) OSPAR Special Request (OSPAR 3/2015) Development of a common monitor- ing protocol for plastic particles in fish stomachs and selected shellfish on the basis of existing fish disease surveys. 3 Summary of Work plan ToR a) New disease conditions and trends in diseases of wild and cultured marine organisms are reviewed. This is an annual, ongoing ToR for WGPDMO and will pro- vide updated information for ToR d. ToR b) A range of parasites and other infectious agents reported by WGPDMO have the potential to be harmful to human health if ingested in under-processed food. There is an upward trend in the consumption of raw fish and other seafood products which may increase this risk. A literature review of risk, prevention and mitigation
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