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In This Issue Change of Address? PRESORTED Visit wcngg.com and STANDARD complete the form under U.S. POSTAGE the subscriptions tab. PAID Visalia, CA Permit# 520 Impact Continues for Walnut and Almond Farmers Almond and Walnut for Continues Impact 2017 Floods - After the Waters Recede: Recede: Waters the After - Floods 2017 Pistachio Nut Phenology Nut Pistachio IPM Updates and Summer Considerations Considerations Summer and Updates IPM In This Issue: This In Soil Erosion, Mite Control & Safety Issues Issues Safety & Control Mite Erosion, Soil Using these 6 Steps Can Help Control Control Help Can Steps 6 these Using Dust Control Dust SPOTLIGHT: July 2017 Issue 2017 July NUT WEST COAST COAST WEST Glenn By the Industry, for the Industry Publisher: Jason Scott Email: [email protected] Editor: Kathy Coatney Email: [email protected] IN THIS ISSUE Design Department Email: [email protected] Tel: 559.352.4456 Fax: 559.472.3113 IPM Updates and Summer Considerations Web: www.wcngg.com 4 Contributing Writers & Industry Support Almond Pest ID Workshops: Amy Wolf, MPPA, CFRE, Lu Zhan 10 Provide Sustainability Tools for Almond Growers President and CEO, AgSafe Post-doctoral researcher, UC Davis. Astrid Volder Pistachio Nut Phenology: Plant Sciences, UC Davis Marni Katz 16 California Studies Address Crop Development Contributing Writer Bruce Lampinen UCCE Walnut Specialist, UC Mohammad Yaghmour Davis Area Orchard Systems 20 6 Steps to Effective Dust Control Advisor, Kern Co Elizabeth Fichtner UCANR Advisor, Tulare Narges Moosavi Micropropagation of Hazelnut: and Kings Cos; Mahvelati, Jr. 24 Specialist, UC Davis The Opportunities, Challenges and Limitations Emily J. Symmes and UC ANR IPM Advisor UCCE and AB 1732: Statewide IPM Program Priscilla Rodriguez 28 Safety Specialist, Western Single-User Restrooms and the Impact on Ag Production Greg Browne Ag. Processors Association USDA Plant Pathologist Flooded Orchard Damage Update: Roger A. Isom Janine Hasey 30 President/CEO, Western Recent Study Provides Potential Resources Available UCCE Farm Advisor Ag. Processors Association Sutter/Yuba/Colusa Cos. 2017 Flood - Long After Flood Water Recedes: Sabrina Hill Louise Ferguson Contributing Writer 36 The Impact Continues for Walnut and Almond Growers CE Specialist, UC Davis UC Cooperative Extension Advisory Board 40 SGMA's Will Change the Way We Farm David Doll UCCE Farm Advisor, Merced County Elizabeth Fichtner 1000 Cankers Disease: UCCE Farm Advisor, Tulare County 44 Everything You Need to Know For Walnuts Dani Lightle UCCE Orchards Advisor, Glenn/Butte/Tehama Counties Franz Niederholzer 48 Nutrient Management of Zinc in Pistachios UCCE Farm Advisor, Colusa/Sutter/Yuba Counties The articles, research, industry updates, company profiles, and advertisements in this publication are the professional opinions of writers and advertisers. West Coast Nut does not assume any responsibility for the opinions given in the publication. View our ePublication on the web at www.wcngg.com FEATURED ARTICLE Good, thorough dust control has many benefits from reducing topsoil erosion, to mite control, to safety. Dust control is not just at harvest. It goes through the entire season, according to David Doll, University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) farm advisor for Merced County. See the full story on page 20 Coatney Kathy courtesy: Photo West Coast Nut July 2017 www.wcngg.com 3 Photo 1: Adult frosted scale on walnut. Photo credit: E.J. Symmes IPM Updates and Summer Considerations By Emily J. Symmes in the orchard. All of this information there are plenty of blighted nuts in Sacramento Valley Area IPM Advisor will help to make decisions on the need many orchards to serve as early-season University of California Cooperative to treat codling moth for the remainder NOW development sites. Couple this Extension and Statewide IPM Program of the season. with a high codling moth year, and the potential for NOW damage in walnuts Walnuts Although wet winters can cause remains high, in spite of any help with increased overwintering mortality of overwintering mortality that the winter The first codling moth flight this navel orangeworm, significant survival rains provided. Placing traps in the year (1A and 1B peaks) were reported was apparent in walnut mummies ex- orchard (pheromone, kairomone, and/ to be quite high in many orchards, and amined this spring (March 2017). Bear or egg traps) is worth the time invested applications targeting one or both of in mind neighboring orchards may not and can give you a sense of NOW activ- these flight peaks were common. Keep have been able to execute their normal ity and relative abundance. in mind that a good codling moth pro- NOW sanitation programs last winter gram can help minimize early-season either, and these may be a source of Significant populations of frost- navel orangeworm (NOW) infestation, immigrating populations as the season ed scale were evident in a number of thus limiting in-house build-up of progresses (in addition to any car- orchards this year (Photo 1). It is not NOW and reducing the numbers that ry-over populations that may have built entirely clear why this pest, which it will be looking to lay eggs on walnuts up within the orchard). Prior to husk typically present only at low levels, has at husk split. Keep a close eye on trap split, NOW will go back into mummies increased so dramatically in recent counts going into the second and third and into this-season’s damaged nuts years. Research is underway examining flights, numbers of codling moth-in- (codling moth-infested and blighted this phenomenon, as well as best prac- fested dropped nuts, and canopy strikes nuts). With all of the spring rainfall, tices and timings for effective popula- 4 West Coast Nut July 2017 Photo 2: Frosted scale crawlers and adults on walnut. Photo credit: E.J. Symmes IPM Updates and Summer Considerations tion reduction. Frosted scale produces scale (either dormant/delayed-dor- honeydew when feeding (walnut scale mant or crawler), monitor the popula- does not). This favors growth of sooty tions during the next dormant period mold, which increases the chances for looking for the overwintering nymphs sunburn damage, so keep an eye on this (Photo 3, page 6). Frosted scale has if the orchard was heavily impacted by only one generation per year, so the frosted scale this spring. Frequent rains effects of this season’s spray program throughout winter and early spring will be best observed at this time, and limited the ability for many growers to as next spring’s populations begin to get into the orchards to apply dormant/ develop. delayed-dormant scale treatments, necessitating applications targeting the Walnut husk fly (WHF) trap catches spring crawler stage. Crawler emer- began the week of June 5 in the Sac- gence was observed late in the second ramento Valley. Remember that WHF week of May 2017 (compared to the treatment decisions should be made on first week of May 2015 and last week of a site-specific basis and take the time April 2016), with peak crawler activity to hang traps high in the tree canopy— noted approximately two weeks later this will provide better accuracy in de- (Photo 2). This highlights the impor- tecting activity. If trapping indicates the tance of monitoring the populations, presence of treatable WHF populations, rather than applying treatments based all insecticides should be applied with a on “typical” calendar timing (which bait (i.e., molasses, Nu-Lure®, Monterey would have been too early this year Insect Bait®). The exception is GF-120 to target peak crawler activity). Our which contains its own bait. For low-to research trials this year are exam- moderate-populations, coverage is not ining efficacy of different treatment critical and low-volume and/or partial materials and timings specifically for coverage applications (e.g., alternate frosted scale (walnut scale has been row) of bait with insecticide can be the focus of research in recent years). If treatments were applied for frosted Continued on Page 6 www.wcngg.com 5 Continued from Page 5 effective. However, in high population orchards with extensive previous dam- age, high-volume, full coverage, and/ or multiple applications of bait with insecticide may be necessary to achieve adequate control. If you miss a timing and are observing fresh stings, full cover neonicotinoids that have some ovicidal (egg-killing) activity mixed with an adulticide will provide partial control of eggs if applied immediately after stings are observed. Generally, a short-residual insecticide-plus-attrac- tant will kill walnut husk fly for 10 days. With the egg development period add- ed to this time, there is about 3 weeks Photo 3. Overwintering frosted scale nymphs. of protection after an application (GF- Photo credit: University of California Statewide 120 treatments often must be applied IPM Program/Jack Kelly Clark more frequently). Spider mite activity in walnuts re- economically-viable in most walnut just spider mite numbers alone) to mains low as I write this but will likely orchard situations. Treatments should achieve a balance in which predators begin to pick up soon with sustained be based on thresholds of spider mites can provide free control services. Also warmer temperatures. Prophylactic and their natural enemies (particularly consider the impacts of other pesticides May applications of abamectin, while predator mites and sixspotted thrips). on spider mite and predator popula- still favored by many almond produc- In general, the goal is to manage the tions (organophosphates and pyre- ers, have shown to be less effective and ratio of predators-to-spider mites (not throids are highly detrimental to spider 6 West Coast Nut July 2017 mite natural enemies and often result in spider mite flare-ups). More information on treat- ment thresholds for mites and predators in walnuts is avail- able at: ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/ r881400111.html and a detailed article on monitoring and management of spider mites in walnuts was published in the May 2017 issue of West Coast Nut.
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