Development of Conservation Targets for the Lower Hudson PRISM (LHP) Final Report: July 1 to September 15, 2014

John Mickelson Geospatial & Ecological Services 501 Stage Road Monroe NY, 10950-3217 (845) 893-4110, [email protected]

Figure 1. Lower Hudson PRISM region Figure 2. Lower Hudson PRISM and adjacent counties

Review of Completed Scope of Work:

LHP Action Plan Items Addressed: all contracted project tasks have been completed for the LHP Goals and Objectives of the Lower Hudson 2014 Action Plan 2.1 and 2.2 and 3.1, as outlined within the Project Deliverables section (see Appendix A). While active participation and input of the Conservation Target Working Group has remained muted, the consultant has accomplished the following and will continue through with meetings with the LHP Partners Meeting (Oct 1, 2014) and the Conservation Targets working group meeting (November 5, 2014), to continue momentum into the 2015 project year. Specific project accomplishments include. :

GOAL 2: CONSERVATION TARGETS STATUS Priority Strategies (ranked): 1. Coordinating Conservation Target Partners 2. Managing IS strategically 3. Assessment and Monitoring Network

Objective 2.1 Engage Partners COMPLETED Since the projects inception, research has engaged important and valuable conservation efforts conducted by over 22 regional agencies and programs (see Table 1) that the LHP might benefit from considering when developing Conservation Targets. All of these have been engaged and valuable geospatial & thematic data have been acquired from many of these potential partners. Four agencies feature especially prominently within our region and form the core of the proposed Conservation Target overlay matrices (see Conservation Target section below):

• New York State Natural Heritage Program • Hudson River Estuary Program • The Nature Conservancy • New York Audubon Society

These groups (collectively referred to hereafter as CTLA) should be prioritized for partnership relationships over the coming years.

New York State Natural Heritage Program

The NYS-NHP exists to “facilitate conservation of New York's biodiversity by providing comprehensive information and scientific expertise on rare species and natural ecosystems to resource managers and other conservation partners.”

The information acquired, developed, stewarded and employed helps to conserve all known SGCN species and their respective habitats and resources across the region, through SEQR processes as well as through local implementations.

Our mission is to facilitate conservation of rare animals, rare plants, and natural ecosystems, which we commonly refer to as "natural communities." We accomplish this

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mission by working collaboratively with partners inside and outside New York to support stewardship of New York's rare plants, rare animals, and significant natural communities, and to reduce the threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. We combine thorough field inventories, scientific analyses, expert interpretation, and comprehensive databases on New York's flora and fauna to deliver quality information to partners working in natural resource conservation. The end result of our actions will be more compatible management activities around our most imperiled species, ecosystems, and high-quality natural areas, in order to have significant and lasting effects on the preservation of New York's biodiversity.

The NYS-NHP data forms the basis for establishing and developing virtually all the conservation programs and targets within New York State and serves at the heart of all fine-filter, species conservation programs. They have been very helpful and supportive with data requests and suggestions and Steve Young, the NYS-NHP botanist and LIISMA coordinator, in particular has been kind in his time and expertise in suggesting approaches such as for LHP conservation efforts and Invasive Species Prevention Zones (ISPZ). Heritage Program support and guidance will be invaluable in coming years.

Hudson River Estuary Program

As part of the NYS-DEC, the Hudson River Estuary Program seeks to protect and improve the natural and scenic Hudson River watershed for all its residents through: ensuring clean water, protecting and restoring fish, wildlife and their habitats, providing water recreation and river access, adapting to climate change and conserving world-famous scenery.

In 2005, a convergence of some 60+ regional ecologists, wildlife biologists, resource managers and conservation planners met in a series of workshops, led by The Nature Conservancy, to collaboratively establish conservation priorities for the Hudson River Estuary. One important outcome was the detailed summary: “Advancing Biodiversity Conservation in the Hudson River Estuary Watershed: A Report on the Products of a Multi-Stakeholder Workshop Series” available via: http://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/5094.html#Target. This summary document outlines a considered conservation approach by the assembled group to seven broad systems as conservation targets:

• The estuary ecosystem • Migratory fish • Tributaries and riparian zones • Non-tidal wetlands • Lakes and ponds • Large unfragmented forests • Non-forested upland communities • Connectivity features and corridor

Within a matrix listing the range of threats to each of the targets, invasive species loomed as the single most uniform stress on all systems (Appendix B.). This

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highlights the importance of our PRISMs efforts as well as the work we have cut out for us. A great many suggestions and recommendations were outlined within the report, including valuable details as to how best to approach invasive species management. Given the breadth, depth and extent of expert inputs to this plan, I’d suggest it form a core constituent in the formation of our conservation targets.

A second valuable HREP assessment report, produced in partnership with the DEC, Cornell University and the NY Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research unit, is the 2006 “Wildlife and Habitat Conservation Framework: an Approach for Conserving Biodiversity in the Hudson River Estuary Corridor”. http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/remediation_hudson_pdf/hrebcf.pdf. This extensive analysis includes detailed descriptions and maps of 23 of the important habitats and biodiversity areas within the Hudson River estuary; 17 of which fall within the LHP region (Figure 1.). Given that these features contain such a high concentration of known NYS Heritage element occurrences (rare, endangered, special concern species etc.) (Figure 2.), I would propose that this map form the backbone of a LHP regional coarse-filter conservation approach.

The Nature Conservancy

The Nature Conservancy specializes in the development of science and metric- based conservation approaches that aid disparate conservation agencies to collaboratively focus efforts for a common good. Detailed ecoregion plans have been developed for much of the United States and are distributed together with comprehensive geospatial information for each region. Such data includes matrices of species of conservation concern associated with their required habitats and (generalized) know locations and also undergoes extensive, occurrence-based assessments to consider population size and viability. Few other conservation programs in our area deliver such a robust approach. While the LHP falls predominantly with the Lower New England\Northern Piedmont (LNE) ecoregion, it also contains small, though important, areas within the North Atlantic Coast and High Allegheny Plateau ecoregions (Figure 3.). Baseline physical and biotic geospatial layers for all of these regions are provided representing variables such as: ecoregions (multiple levels), elevation and derivatives, soils, geography, ecological land units, hydrology, drainable basins, census blocks (multi-year), open space\park lands, EPA monitored pollution sites, cities, roads, dams, forest blocks, matrix ecosystems, and especially portfolio selections of priority areas (high biodiversity areas containing species occurrence locations of viable populations of important conservation species). (Figure 4.) See also: http://www.uspriorityareas.tnc.org/

Given the enormous effort, experience and historical involvement that TNC has and continues to invest in developing effective conservation approaches for our region, they should remain one of our most important potential project partners.

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New York Audubon Society Audubon NY has long worked to research and document the needs of regional bird species and their habitats within the Hudson Valley region and since 1995 has been working to establish protection for bird “hot spot” area, or Important Bird Areas (IBA) (Figure 5., Table 2.). For the NY Audubon Society “Habitat is the key to conservation. To thrive, all species need the right kinds of places to carry out the business of living and reproducing. Without adequate and appropriate places to nest, forage, rest during migration, and over-winter, bird populations decline. The Important Bird Areas (IBA) program is an international bird conservation initiative with simple goals: to identify the most important places for birds, and to conserve them. IBAs are identified according to standardized, scientific criteria through a collaborative effort among state, national, and international non-governmental conservation organizations (NGOs), state and federal government agencies, local conservation groups, academics, grassroots environmentalists, and birders. As a result, IBAs link global and continental bird conservation priorities to local sites that provide critical habitat for native bird populations. Currently, IBA programs exist in 130 countries around the world, including 21 countries in the Americas. In the U.S., 46 states have IBA programs.” http://ny.audubon.org/important-bird-areas-12 Birds are important as possible sentinel species for upland habitat integrity indices (the virtual “canary in the coal mine”) and due to NY’s geographic position in key migratory bird flyways, our region holds key resources both for resident and migratory species. It is suggested that NY Audubon be engaged as a LHP partner for their expertise in bird\habitat relationships as well as their robust programs to protect NY’s important habitats. http://ny.audubon.org/conservation-concern

Actions: COMPLETED 2.1.1 (Statement of Project Need): Outcome: The partners were approached with the following statement:

“The newly developing Lower Hudson PRISM, is part of New York States effort to effectively track, manage and minimize the harm caused by invasive species in NY in the lower Hudson region. As part of this program, we are actively seeking partners, guidance and information regarding the significant and valuable conservation and biodiversity features of our region, with the hope that active and effective invasive species management might aid in the protection of said conservation species and their habitats.”

2.1.2 (Identify Host for data and working group members) COMPLETED

Outcome: The NY-NJ Trail Conference has graciously offered to be the main data archive and steward for the Conservation Target and accompanying geospatial databases. The main GIS and data lead, Jeremy Apgar has been engaged and has graciously agreed 4

to facilitate data sharing and IO processes. Efforts are also underway to enable the LHP staff access to data through the NYS GIS Clearinghouse.

2.1.3 (Identify Potential Partners) COMPLETED

Outcome: Table 1. Represents a summary of the agencies, programs, projects and efforts that were engaged during research for this project. Several, most notably: NYS- Natural Heritage Program, NYS-DEC Hudson River Estuary Program, The Nature Conservancy and the NY Audubon Society, (CTLA) have indicated an interest in both helping to frame our conservation target criteria as well as potentially partner to review our draft and final targets. Over-extended schedules, work plans and lack of adequate personnel all challenge these agencies in participating fully and soon, but, as the LHP brings both significant resources and expertise to conservation protection in our region, we should work to strengthen these bonds over time.

2.1.4 (Perform Outreach to Partners) COMPLETED Outcome: Table 1. represents the major agencies and programs that have been contacted and it is hoped that many, as the LHP rolls out its programs over the coming years, will see the value in partnering with us, an agency dedicated and funded to focus on IS issues. Relationships with these groups will be strengthened and refined as LHP efforts become more public and widespread.

Objective 2.2 Conservation Priority Targets/Data Gaps 2.2.1 (Assemble Conservation Target Records) COMPLETED Outcome: Thematic, digital geospatial and logic-model data have been acquired from agencies listed in Table 1 and additional information is being developed with the aid, engagement and oversight of several GIS interns of the NYNJ-Trail Conference. The driving intention is to first establish an adequate understanding and spatial representation of the natural and built systems, including best available information as to current invasive species distributions (beginning with terrestrial plants). This will provide a rough estimate of “what’s here, how is it all doing, where is the “good stuff” and are there clear or apparent priorities that, through active invasives management, we can help preserve our important and valuable biodiversity features”. The core of the data acquired (informing important conservation targets and overlays) and\or developed to date are:

LAYER SOURCE DESCRIPTION STATUS Element NYS-NHP EO location, extent and Protected\Private acquired through NYS-NHP directly Occurrence potential for additional (not distributable) (EO) of rare, occurrences endangered and species\habitat s of special concern Significant HREP Extent and location of Public Biodiversity Significant http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/remediation_hudson_pdf/hr Areas (SBA) Biodiversity Areas ebcf.pdf

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Important HREP\NYS Regions considered to Private: available through HREP Areas (IA) -NHP represent Important Communities Habitat Regions NYS NYPAD Database of open Public: http://nypad.org/ Protected space, natural areas, Areas (PAD) conservation lands, or recreational areas. TNC Portfolio TNC TNC focal areas for https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationByG and Focal protection, ecoregions eography/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates/edc/reportsdata/te Areas (PFA) rrestrial/ecoregional/Pages/default.aspx Important NY Important Bird Areas Private: available through NY Audubon Bird Areas Audubon within the LHP http://ny.audubon.org/important-bird-areas-12 (IBA) Forest Blocks LHP Forest blocks > 500 Created by contractor for project >500 ac. acres, derived from FBGT500 LandFire 2010 land cover. Highly iMapNY/L Areas thought to have Draft acquired through iMapNY, layers added by LHP Probable HP high probability of interns (managed by contractor) for: trail head parking Invasive containing invasive lots, nurseries-garden centers, utility right-of-ways Species Areas plants (electric, pipeline, etc…) (HPA) Invasive LHP Areas to be established Created by contractor for project Species as “weed free” zones, Prevention to prioritize IS Zones (ISPZ) management

As the above “coarse-grained filter”, approach, whereby protection of large areas containing high concentrations of important species and habitats can be considered to achieve significant protection objectives, the “fine-grained” filter (individual species with local occurrences) is approached in several ways. Initially, SGCN species enjoy some small level of protection through legislative vehicles such as NY SEQR processes. Additionally, small-patch occurrence of SGCN species and communities, where known or discovered, can also be included within a LHP CT approach, though would presumably be scored lower than larger areas containing higher concentrations of these species. Species considered to be important for our area, by the queried agencies include:

• NY Audubon: Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) (Table 3). • NYS-NHP Element Occurrences species (Table 4). • NYS-NHP Element Occurrences communities (Table 5) • iMap-NY Invasive Species occurring in LHP (Table 6) • LIISMA invasive plants within NYS and LISMA (Table 7)

2.2.2 (Criteria for Target Prioritization) COMPLETED Outcome: During the July 2014 Lower Hudson PRISM (LHP) partners meeting, an abbreviated version of the Conservation Target Working Group discussed what might be appropriate and effective criteria for establishing conservation targets for the LHP. To review, we consider the term conservation targets (CT) as those prioritized ecological and biodiversity features, species, resources and habitats that we would most want to help

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protect and conserve through our invasive species management efforts. And to refine, said targets would be selected to represent regions where invasive species management would deliver the highest good (“biggest bang for the buck”) and where effective results are both practicable and likely. A bulleted summary of the discussion contains the contributed features and components of what the group felt that our CT priorities should include: (formatting and groupings are my own)

• Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) o Global\State threatened species o Rare species (including regionally rare) • Habitats important for sustaining SGCN animals o Important plant communities, plant assemblages o High Biodiversity Areas o Unique habitats o Regions with high species richness • High quality representative matrix systems o Large, intact, contiguous natural areas • Smaller, local viable habitats • Corridors (migration routes, distribution pathways) • Ash Trees, ALB species • Potentially others: agricultural areas, surface waters

Rather than developing a new de facto conservation plan for our LHP, it was suggested to assess and potentially adopt and\or collaborate with programs, projects and initiatives of existing regional agencies that meet our criteria. The above mentioned agencies: NYS-NHP, HREP, TNC and NY-Audubon (hereafter called, collectively (CTLA)), collectively both meet and surpass all of these criteria in their program prioritizations and approaches. In addition each organization possess significant resources, staff, ecological and conservation expertise and historical program involvement within our region.

2.2.3 (Initial Conservation Target Prioritization) COMPLETED

Outcome: selected program data representing the CTLA layers were combined with data created for this project to establish the first round of LHP Conservation Targets. (Figure 6.). There are several ways to weigh projects which might be considered for IS management within these zones. As the conservation targets could also be referred to as “important areas where effective IS management should be focused” a ranking system should be adopted, where a prospective project could be scored based on its spatial relationship to and effect upon the features represented by the CT layers. The various components of a project could be assigned points, based on criteria of how it met certain criteria, such as:

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The project:

1. Protects or enhances habitat of multiple viable populations of LHP target species (from accepted lists) within focus overlay regions (or hotspots) within and\adjacent to the LHP a. Since many of the CTLA layers overlay, the regions where multiple programs coincide could be weighted more, depending on how many programs “agree”. b. Furthering the spatial scoring system: core areas, edges\buffer zones, or distance metrics could be added and scored to be “within a given distance to” and important feature or region i. Temporal factors can be considered, such as projects grouped tightly, serially over time, to achieve a greater regional management impact ii. Or conversely to distribute efforts and ensure that all regions of the LHP receive commensurate funding or project resources c. Varying habitat conditions can be rank scored: i. First Tier species habitat or ISPZ can be ranked higher than ii. Second tier species (or plant communities) or iii. Exemplary regions of high-quality matrix systems (representative) iv. Whether priority EDRR priority species are involved 2. Protects or enhances habitat for priority species and\or communities within smaller pockets of the LHP a. The size or the area affected could be ranked variably, based on threshold metrics Much of the discussion and finalization of this process will occur within the November 2014 CT Working Group meeting, where the associated ranking criteria and selected objectives can be considered and agreed upon. All of the process is assumed to be flexible and adaptive meaning updates and refinements will likely occur within coming years. An important component will be inclusion of the wildlife species impact assessment project (Hudsonia ltd) which will be integrated into this work, once it is available.

2.2.4 (Identify Data Gaps) COMPLETED

In terms of adequacy to an initial conservation approach, the functional gaps are few and we now have a robust and substantial baseline for approaching prioritization of 2015-16 IS management projects. Additional knowledge as to the detailed site-specific presence and especially absence of IS locations will be increasingly useful as we begin to consider EDRR patterns, routes of introduction as well as quantifying distribution baselines.

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Additionally, refining, automating and enhancing the LHP data infrastructure, in terms of its ability to gather, archive, process, analyze and distribute data regarding IS distributions and management efforts will be an important facet to improve.

GOAL 3: STRATEGIC INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT. STATUS Priority Strategies (ranked): 1. Managing Invasive Species strategically 2. Early detection monitoring network 3. Rapid response capacity 4. Eradication/control efforts

Outcome: Fundamental to being able to effectively and strategically manage, plan for and estimate distribution of invasive species within the LHP is having as good idea as we can of their current status and distribution. A great deal has been accomplished both in acquiring current and historical IS data from existing agency sources (e.g. NY iMap Invasives (NY), EDDMaps (NJ, CT) as well as in developing ancillary supporting information with the assistance of GIS interns.

Figure 1 NY iMap invasive species data Figure 2 EDDMap data (NJ, CT)

Our GIS intern, Chemin Bushman, has been data mining the detailed historical plant atlas and survey route data from Dr. Torrey Botanical Society’s Patrick Cooney’s web site, http://nynjbotany.org and has the detailed flora information linked to over 700 locations across our LHP. Combined with the iMapNY and EDDMap data, we will now have both current and historical information of presence (and potentially absence) of both important conservation species as well as invasive plants. With the successful efforts of intern John Adriance, we add the locations of known garden centers and nurseries as well as trail Figure 3 Cooney flora survey head parking lots to our Highly Probably Areas (HPA) layer. routes

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Objective 3.1 Capacity to Detect New Introductions STATUS

3.1.1 (Highly Probable Areas (HPA)) COMPLETED Outcome: with the assistance of 2 summer GIS interns, we added features representing: • Nurseries & Garden Centers • Hiking Trail-head Parking Lots • Utility Right-of-way Transmission routes (ROW) to the draft version of a NY-statewide Highly Probable Area (HPA) layer (Figure 7), obtained from the NY iMap-Invasive agency (Figure 8). Several academic institutions have expressed an interest in continuing the intern relationship and we expect to be able to extend and complete the mapping of these and other features. Such data will greatly enhance our assessments of EDRR and invasive plant modeling efforts.

Layer Name Source Reasoning Features extracted

DEC Lands and http://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/inventories/details.cfm?DSID=1114 NYS Campgrounds(Revised: campgrounds February 2013) Parking areas Preserve TNC Database Parking parking lots Public Fishing Access DEC from the GIS Clearinghouse Fishing locations

DEC Points of http://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/inventories/details.cfm?DSID=1258 This layer is Fishing Pier, Interest(Revised: March comprehensive Fishing 2013) and includes Platform non DEC Campsite, facilities. Parking, Paved Parking, Unpaved Parking,Water Access, DEC Assets Brent Kinal Boat launch, fishing areas, camping sites, parking areas, visiting center and the trail heads.

3.1.2 (Invasive Species Prevention Zones (ISPZ)) COMPLETED

Outcome: the following call for proposals was issued to the LHP online community, targeted towards individuals with knowledge and\or involvement in sites where detailed invasive field surveys have been conducted. The criteria that will likely be adopted follow those developed by The Nature Conservancy for LIISMA.

As part of our Strategic Invasive Species Management Plan goals, our Lower Hudson PRISM (LHP) is piloting the effort to establish Invasive Species

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Prevention Zones (ISPZ) for our region. Following the draft protocol established by The Nature Conservancy (see attached draft document), these zones are intended to help our PRISM and local land managers prioritize management and precious resources within specific geographic regions. The TNC report suggests “ because ISPZ’s are widely distributed and use standardized methods, this approach allows for multi-agency, cooperative, coordinated management on a much larger scale.”

As it may take several years to compile a list of reviewed sites, we’d like to begin by asking all land mangers or stakeholders of large protected tracts within the LHP to review the criteria and consider submitting your site(s) for candidacy to the program.

Criteria wise, the TNC report outlines:

1. An Invasive Species Prevention Zone (ISPZ) is a formal PRISM designation for a natural area that is dominated by native species and is known to support exceptional biodiversity concentrations as defined by the New York Natural Heritage Program….. 2. For a site to be formally designated as an ISPZ, invasive species are mapped, management efforts are prioritized, and a site-specific, integrated invasive species management plan is written. Prevention, ‘early detection’ of new invaders and a ‘rapid response’ to their discovery are the main focuses of the management plan and subsequent eradication efforts. 3. Minimum Suggested Criteria: a. Invasive plant cover: < 5% cover in core/interior. b. < 10% cover in a 50 meter buffer inside the boundary and around any roadways that bisect the ISPZ. c. Size: ≥ 500 acres, unless deemed a “biodiversity hotspot”. d. Ownership: landscapes with some level of protection (e.g., public title, easement), are preferred, however, exceptions can be made for large tracts of private land that are of ecological importance and agreements with the landowner have been reached.

Because on-the-ground, dedicated field surveys, management plans, and significant staff time will be involved with establishing an ISPZ site, we begin by soliciting the input of those of you whom have personal experience with areas that you feel might be proposed. Of especial immediate interest are those protected areas where invasive plant cover has already been estimated and where NY State Heritage summaries suggest that important species or habitats might occur.

As guidance and inspiration, we invite you to consider a local ISPZ, created within the Minnewaska State Park. Following the many years of dedicated efforts of Bob O’Brien and his teams of field volunteers, many of the unique and

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important systems stand enhanced protection due to the strategic efforts enacted here.

http://nysparks.com/environment/documents/presentations/TheEffectivnessOfTea msInInvasiveSpeciesManagement.pdf

And we can also learn a great deal from our PRISM partners to the south, in the Long Island Invasive Species Management Area (LIISMA), who have established and are extending formal ISPZs within their region. http://www.liisma.org/index.php?action=liisma_pages&page=ispz http://www.liisma.org/index.php?action=liisma_pages&page=ispz_list

To further our understanding of the potential for ISPZ sites within the LHP, this consultant developed several draft layers that may be useful in modeling the location of candidate sites (Figure 9). This map illustrates: • Forest blocks >500 acres (drawn from LandFire 2010 existing vegetation) • Protected Lands (from NYS Protected Areas Database) • NYNJ-Trail Conference trail survey sites where no invasive species were found. This layer will be updated and refined as candidate locations are submitted and the Conservation Target Working Group can consider the potential ISPZ model.

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APPENDIX A. Lower Hudson PRISM 2014 Action Plan: project sections addressed by proposal and Deliverables

GOAL 2. CONSERVATION TARGETS (2014)

Coordinating partners (2014)

OBJECTIVES ACTIONS OUTPUTS

2.1. Engage partners, 2.1.1. Develop statement of 2.1.1a. General statement of needs and cooperators i.e. Natural Heritage project and needs from role Program cooperators 2.1.2a. Data host and working group selected 2.1.2. Identify host for conservation target data (GIS capacity) and working 2.1.3a. Partners list group members 2.1.3. Identify potential partners 2.1.4. Outreach to partners 2.1.4a. Form letter describing project and requesting data

2.2. Develop list of 2.2.1. Assemble conservation 2.2.1a. List of conservation targets potential priority target records targets and ID data 2.2.2. Develop criteria for target 2.2.2a. Target ranking criteria Gaps prioritization with PRISM input 2.2.3. Conduct initial conservation 2.2.3a. Initial prioritized list of targets target prioritization 2.2.4. Identify data gaps 2.2.4a. List of areas where we lack information 2.2.5. Present highest priorities and data gaps to PRISM 2.2.5a. PRISM meeting to review prioritized conservation targets

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GOAL 3. STRATEGIC INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT (2014)

Strategic IS Prioritize Key Areas to focus Management (2014) monitoring efforts

OBJECTIVES ACTIONS OUTPUTS

3.1. Have the 3.1.1. Delineate “Highly 3.1.1a. TBD capacity/ability to Probable Areas” (HPA) in LH detect new by May. introductions to the Option A: Use the highly LH-PRISM. probable layers that iMap already has. Option B: **Note that we seek Further refine highly in the first year to probable areas specific to the practice the Lower HV (Potential GIS infrastructure to note areas of success and project for student? room for Or possibly contract out, w/ improvement; we’d funding.) like to expand the 3.1.2. Delineate “Invasive 3.1.2a. Add one ISPZ area number of spp we can Species Prevention Zones” detect in the future, (ISPZ) in LH but need to be Some have already been realistic and effective created; add new ISPZs w/ what we can achieve in the first year.

DELIVERABLES: Outputs and accomplishments of this project: 1. Draft Conservation Targets and Data Gaps for the LHP. Based on the partner outreach and CTWG process outlined above, the project will complete a report with maps describing what the suggested Conservation Targets of the LHP might be together with a digital geodatabase layer containing the integrated locations and content of each. In addition, gaps in knowledge or information regarding important biological features or components that the CTWG feels should be included within the layer, will be highlighted. Conservation advisory relationships with lead environmental agencies will be developed, with the recommendation that a Conservation Advisory Council for the LHP be formed, beginning with conservation targets. 2. Draft versions of the following geospatial layers, developed through oversight of GIS Intern. a. Extension of Highly Probable Areas (HPA) map covering the LHP region i. Depicting zones and features that could likely indicate high probability of encountering invasive species

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b. Current invasive plant species distribution estimates based on data mining of i. NY Flora Atlas (tabulated by County) of LHP region 1. If time allows: invasive plant species distributions of 10 adjacent counties (NY, NJ, CT, MA) based on data mining of agencies possessing such data in: NJ, CT and MA ii. NY-NJ-CT-Botany (Torrey Botanical\P. Cooney) field surveys (tabulated by detailed survey route locations Data to be compiled in spreadsheet\matrix format, with links to spatial depictions of species lists by Counties and\or Survey Route Locations.

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Appendix B. Threat Summary from 2005 HREP Conservation Symposium

Large Type Estuary Migratory Tributaries Non- Lakes Unfrag- Non- Overall Ecosystem Fish & Tidal and mented Forested Riparian Wetlands Ponds Forests Upland 1. Invasive species Very High Very High Very High Medium High Medium Medium Very High 2. Road construction Very / expansion - - - - High High Very High Very High 3. Incompatible development High - High High High High High Very High 4. Climate change & sea-level rise High Very High High - - - - High 5. Shoreline modification High High - - High - - High 6. Altered hydrology Medium Low High High Low - - High 7. Pests & pathogens Low - - - - High - Medium 8. Toxic contaminants Medium Medium High Medium Medium - - Medium 9. Excess nutrients Low Low Medium Medium High - - Medium 10. Incompatible mowing regime ------High Medium 11. Deer overbrowse - - - - - High - Medium 12. Riparian zone modification - - High - - - - Medium 13. Loss of agriculture ------High Medium 14. Sediment regime change Medium - High - - - - Medium 15. Alteration of natural streams - - High - - - - Medium 16. Filling - Medium - High - - - Medium 17. Power plant intakes - High - - - - - Medium 18. Off-shore commercial fishing - High - - - - - Medium 19. Altered fire regime ------Medium Low 20. Thermal pollution Medium Low - - - - - Low 21. Dams as barriers - Low Medium - - - - Low 22. Acid rain Low - - - Low Low Low Low 23. Mining - - - - - Low Low Low 24. Boats and ATVs Low - - - Low Low - Low 25. Recreational fishing - Low Low - - - - Low 26. Draining wetlands - - - Low - - - Low 27. Poaching animals - - - - - Low - Low 28. Incompatible logging - - - - - Low - Low 29. Trampling ------Low Low 30. Subsidized species ------Low Low 31. Dredging - Low - - - - - Low 32. Estuarine commercial fishing Low Low - - - - - Low 33. Next generation chemicals Low ------Low 34. Vegetation removal - - - - Low - - Low 35. Natural succession - - - Low - - - Low

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Table 1. Matrix of Regional Conservation Agencies, Projects and Data Sources

ST AT AGENCY TYPE STREET TOWN E ZIP PHONE CONTACT EMAIL PROGRAM URL NOTES 444 North (202) Arpita achoudhury@ Assoc. of Fish & Wildlife Capitol Street, Washin D 2000 624- Choudhur fishwildlife.or Coordinating cross-cutting

Agencies NGO NW gton C 1 7890 y g conservation issues http://www.fishwildlife.org/index.php?section=focus-areas 1000 718 Brooklyn Botanic Washington Brookly N 1122 623- Melanie melaniesifton Replicating 5/10km GRID, data in

Garden NGO Ave. n Y 5 7213 Sifton @bbg.org Metro Flora Atlas http://www.bbg.org/research/nymf iMap db already 2360 Rebekah NGO\ Rainwater G 3179 229.38 D. bekahwal@u IS Distribution Data and Detailed historical IS distribution

EDDMAPS Mixed Road Tifton A 3 6.3379 Wallace ga.edu Locations http://www.eddmaps.org/ data: NJ and CT (208) FEDER 8370 426- Kevin gergely@usgs Science & Analytics

Gap Analysis Program AL 970 Lusk St. Boise ID 6 5219 Gergely .gov Synthesis http://gapanalysis.usgs.gov/ Updated GAP Data for NY (99-01 Gap Analysis Program http://gapanalysis.usgs.gov/species/data/web-map-services/ imagery), spp. Distribution layers Bird Richness http://gapanalysis.usgs.gov/species/data/download/ Amphibian Richness http://gapanalysis.usgs.gov/species/data/download/ 1000 212- Harbor Estuary Multipl N 7- 637- Kate habitat@harb

Program e 290 Broadway NY Y 1866 3816 Boicourt orestuary.org Habitats http://www.harborestuary.org/aboutestuary-habitats.htm Comprehensive Restoration Plan http://www.harborestuary.org/habitat.htm 11 Campus Newto (610) Highlands: PA, NJ, NY, Multipl Boulevard, wn P 1907 557- Martina martinabarne http://www.na.fs.fed.us/highlands/maps_pubs/regional_study/regiona

CT e Suite 200 Square A 3 4227 Barnes [email protected] Watershed Programs l_study.shtm Much material is dated http://apps.fs.fed.us/fsmapviewer/index.html?config=public- Data now distributed by USFS Forest to Faucet Program config/EDW_DataExtract_01.xml (data portal0 STATE\ 256 Margaret 845- FEDER Norrie State Staatsb N 1258 889- [email protected] Monitoring, mapping,

HRERR AL Park urg Y 0 4745 Betsy Blair ec.state.ny.us climate change http://www.hrnerr.org/neers-research/habitat-mapping/ (845) FEDER 4097 Albany Hyde N 1253 229- karl_beard@

National Park Service AL Post Rd. Park Y 8 9115 Karl Beard nps.gov Inventory and Monitoring http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/index.cfm NGO\ Natureserve Mixed North Atlantic Landscape 0100 413- mcgarigalk@ Conservation Multipl 304 Amhers M 3- 577- Kevin eco.umass.ed Designing Sustainable

Cooperative e Holdsworth t A 9285 0655 McGarigal u Landscapes http://northatlanticlcc.org/ http://northatlanticlcc.org/data/regional-spatial-data/species-pdf- maps

North American Multipl Pawtuxent M 2070 Bird conservation areas, Includes Parters in Flight bird

Breeding Bird Atlas e Wildlife Center Laurel D 8 USGS, DOI, FWS http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=bba.getData conservation regions

17

ST AT AGENCY TYPE STREET TOWN E ZIP PHONE CONTACT EMAIL PROGRAM URL NOTES 518- 200 Trillium N 1220 869- Jillian jliner@audub http://web4.audubon.org/bird/ib

NY Audubon Society NGO Lane Albany Y 3 9731 Liner on.org Important Bird Areas IBA http://ny.audubon.org/important-bird-areas-12 a/index.html NY IBA Boundaries http://netapp.audubon.org/IBA/State/US-NY Watch List, IBA, Partners in Includes list of Hudson River Flight, ETSC Species http://ny.audubon.org/hudson-river-valley-conservation Valley Priority Birds 1256 (845) NYS DEC - Lands & 21 South Putt New N 1- 256- Leslie [email protected] Wildlife and Habitat http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/remediation_hudson_pdf/hrebcfcover.pd

Forest, Wildlife STATE Corners Road Paltz Y 1696 3000 Zucker .state.ny.us Conservation Framework f (518) Comprehensive Wildlife 402- Conservation Strategy 8924 (CWCS) Plan http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/30483.html#Appendix_D Includes detailed LH section 1256 845- ltheady@gw. 21 South Putt New N 1- 256- Laura dec.state.ny.u Estuary Program\Habitat &

NYS DEC STATE Corners Road Paltz Y 1696 3016 Heady s Biodiversity Program http://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/5094.html Environmental Resource Significant Biodiversity Areas Mapper http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/38801.html (SBA) Biodiversity Mapping\Nature Explorer http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/65148.html Bird Conservation Areas (NYS-DEC) https://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/inventories/details.cfm?DSID=1129 Biodiversity & Conservation Resources http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/279.html Open Space Conservation Plan http://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/47990.html Habitat Connectivity & http://nynhp.org/files/pways/NYNHP_2012_PATHWAYS_final_report.p Climate Change df 1223 (518) tghoward@g A primary lead on biodiversity, 625 Broadway, N 3- 402- Tim w.dec.state.n surveys, spatial conservation

NYS Natural Heritage STATE 5th fl. Albany Y 4757 8945 Howard y.us Multiple http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/29384.html projects Heritage Community Occurrences (Heritage) https://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/inventories/details.cfm?DSID=1241 Region-wide EO maps and lists (As requested) 1350 212- Broadway, N 1001 290- Abigail aweinberg@o Resilient Landscapes Open Space Alliance NGO Suite 201 NY Y 8 8200 Weinberg siny.org Initiative www.osiny.org/site/PageServer?pagename=Issues_Habitat 617- Arlene https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationByGeography/Nor M 532- Olivero Arlene_oliver Conservation by thAmerica/UnitedStates/edc/reportsdata/terrestrial/resilience/Pages/

TNC NGO 99 Bedford St. Boston A 2111 8344 Sheldon [email protected] Geography: Resiliency default.aspx Matrix Forest Blocks https://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/inventories/details.cfm?DSID=1261 Partners Restoring the http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstat Hudson es/newyork/eny-newsletter-spring-2014.pdf Lower New England EO https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationByGeography/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates/edc/report Plan sdata/terrestrial/ecoregional/lne/Pages/default.aspx

18

ST AT AGENCY TYPE STREET TOWN E ZIP PHONE CONTACT EMAIL PROGRAM URL NOTES 607 Middle N 1285 703- Katy kdunlap@tu.

Trout Unlimited NGO 16 King Road Grove Y 0 0256 Dunlap org Streams and Restoration http://www.nytu.org/ (212) N 1001 677- Ernest newyork@tpl. National Conservation

Trust Public Land NGO 666 Broadway NY Y 2 7171 Cook org Easement Database http://conservationeasement.us/ (401) Andrew andrew_macL USFS S. NE - NY Bight FEDER Charles 364- MacLachla [email protected] NE Region Ecological http://nctc.fws.gov/resources/knowledge-

Coastal Ecosystem Pgm AL 50 Bend Road town RI 2813 9124 n ov Services resources/pubs5/web_link/text/low_hud.htm Data extraction tool, http://apps.fs.fed.us/fsmapviewer/index.html?config=public- http://data.fs.usda.gov/geodata/ USFS Multiple USFS Data Layers config/EDW_DataExtract_01.xml edw/datasets.php (401) FEDER Charles 364- Joseph Joseph_Dowh NY Harbor Bight Critical http://nctc.fws.gov/resources/knowledge-

USFWS AL PO Box 307 town RI 2813 9124 Dowhan [email protected] Habitat assessment resources/pubs5/web_link/text/toc.htm

19

Figure 1. HREP Significant Biodiversity Areas • Palisades • Dutchess County Wetlands • Rosendale Limestone Cave Complex • Esopus/Lloyd Wetlands and Ridges • Shawangunk Kill • Harlem Valley Calcareous Wetlands • Shawangunk Ridge • Hudson Highlands East\West • Taconic Mountains • Hudson Valley Limestone and Shale Region • Upper Hudson River • Lower Hudson River\Mid Hudson River • Van Cortlandt Park • LIS Narrows, NY Coast • Ward Pound Ridge Reservation • Neversink River

2

Figure 3 TNC Ecoregional Boundaries & Subdivisions with LHP Boundary

22

Figure 4. TNC Ecoregional Conservation Portolio Layers

Figure 5 NY Audubon Important Bird Areas (IBA) with Protected Lands and Forest Blocks >500 ac.

Important Bird Area Name Bashakill Wildlife Management Area Butler Sanctuary Central Park Constitution Marsh Sanctuary Doodletown and Iona Island Edith G. Read Wildlife Sanctuary Fahnestock Hudson Highlands State Parks Great Swamp Harriman and Sterling Forests Hook Mountain Huckleberry Island Little Neck Bay to Hempstead Harbor Little Whaley Lake Lower Hudson River Marshlands Conservancy North Brother/South Brother Islands Northern Shawangunk Mountains Pelham Bay Park Rockefeller State Park and Preserve Shawngunk Grasslands Stissing Ridge Tivoli Bays Upper Delaware River Van Cortlandt Park Ward Pound Ridge Table 2 NY Audubon Important Bird Areas (IBA) within LHP

Table 3 NY Audubon Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) within LHP

Common Name Audubo PIF Concern Level 2005 USFWS Northern MANEM NYS n (BCR#)2 Birds of Atlantic Regional Status6 WatchLi Conservati Regional Waterbird st on Shorebird Plan5 (2007)1 Concern Plan4 20083

NYS_ST COMMON_NAM AWL_07 PIF_05 FWSBCC NARSP MANRWP AT

Acadian Flycatcher RC, CS, RS(28) BCRs 13, 14, 30; USFWS High American Bittern Reg. 5 Concern SC

American Golden-Plover Y High Concern

American Kestrel RC(13) BCR 30, USFWS Reg. 5; Highly American Oystercatcher National Imperiled

American Redstart RS(14) Highly American Woodcock Imperiled BCRs 13, 14, 28. 30; USFWS Reg. Bald Eagle 5; National T

Baltimore Oriole RC(13,30), RS(13) BCR 14; USFWS Reg. 5; Bay-breasted Warbler Y CC, CS, RS(14) National

Belted Kingfisher RC(13,14,28) BCR 14; USFWS Reg. 5; Bicknell's Thrush R CC, CS, RS(14) National SC Black-and-white Warbler RC(28,30), RS(14) BVR 13, USFWS Black-billed Cuckoo RC(13,14,28,30), RS(13) Reg. 5 Black-crowned Night- Heron BCR 13 Black-throated Blue Warbler RS(14) Black-throated Green Warbler CS, RS(14) BCR 30, USFWS Reg. 5; Highest Black Rail R National Concern E BCR 30, USFWS Reg. 5; High Black Skimmer Y National Concern SC

Black Tern E

Blackburnian Warbler RC(28); CS, RS(14)

Blackpoll Warbler RC(14)

Common Name Audubo PIF Concern Level 2005 USFWS Northern MANEM NYS n (BCR#)2 Birds of Atlantic Regional Status6 WatchLi Conservati Regional Waterbird st on Shorebird Plan5 (2007)1 Concern Plan4 20083

Blue-headed Vireo CS(14) BCRs 13, 14, 28,30; USFWS CC(13,14,28,30),RC(30); Reg.5; Blue-winged Warbler Y CS, RS(28,30) National

Bobolink RC(13)

Boreal Chickadee RC(14)

Broad-winged Hawk RC(30), RS(28)

Brown Thrasher RC(13,28,30) BCRs 13, 30 (both nb); USFWS Reg. 5; Buff-breasted Sandpiper R National High Concern BCRs 13, 14, 28; USFWS CC(12,14,28,30), Reg. 5; Canada Warbler Y RC(13,14); CS, RS(14) National BCRs 13, 28, 30; USFWS Reg. 5; Cerulean Warbler Y CC, RC(13,28); CS, RS(28) National SC

Chimney Swift RC(28,30), RS(28)

Clapper Rail Y

Common Loon SC

Common Nighthawk SC

Common Tern BCR 13 T

Cooper's Hawk SC

Downy Woodpecker RS(28)

Eastern Kingbird RC(13,30)

Eastern Meadowlark RC(13,28)

Eastern Towhee RC(13,14,28,30); CS, RS(28)

Eastern Wood-Pewee RC(13,28,30)

Evening Grosbeak RS(14)

Field Sparrow RC(13,28,30) BCRs 13, 28, 30; USFWS Reg. 5; Golden-winged Warbler R CC, RC(13,28,30) National SC

Golden Eagle E

Grasshopper Sparrow RC(28,30) SC

27

Common Name Audubo PIF Concern Level 2005 USFWS Northern MANEM NYS n (BCR#)2 Birds of Atlantic Regional Status6 WatchLi Conservati Regional Waterbird st on Shorebird Plan5 (2007)1 Concern Plan4 20083

Greater Yellowlegs High Concern BCRs 13, 28; USFWS Reg. 5; Henslow's Sparrow R CC, RC(13,28) National T

Hooded Warbler RC(30); CS, RS(28) BCRs 13, 14, 30 (all nb); USFWS High Horned Grebe Reg. 5 Concern

Horned Lark SC BCRs 13, 30 (both nb); USFWS Reg. 5; Hudsonian Godwit Y National High Concern

Iceland Gull Y

Indigo Bunting CS, RS(28) BCRs 28, 30; USFWS Reg. 5; Kentucky Warbler Y CC, RC(28,30); CS, RS(28) National High King Rail Y Concern T BCRs 13, 14, 30; USFWS High Least Bittern Reg. 5 Concern T BCR 30, USFWS Reg. 5; High Least Tern R National Concern T BCRs 13, 14, 30 (all nb); USFWS Reg. 5; Lesser Yellowlegs National High Little Blue Heron Concern BCRs 28, 30; USFWS Reg. 5; Loggerhead Shrike National E

Louisiana Waterthrush RC, CS, RS(28) BCR 28

Magnolia Warbler CS(14) BCRs 13, 30 (both nb); USFWS Reg. 5; Marbled Godwit Y National High Concern

Marsh Wren RC(30)

Northern Bobwhite RC(28,30)

Northern Flicker RC(13,28,30) 28

Common Name Audubo PIF Concern Level 2005 USFWS Northern MANEM NYS n (BCR#)2 Birds of Atlantic Regional Status6 WatchLi Conservati Regional Waterbird st on Shorebird Plan5 (2007)1 Concern Plan4 20083

Northern Goshawk SC

Northern Harrier RC(13) T

Northern Parula RS(14)

Northern Saw-whet Owl RC(28), RS(14) BCR 14; USFWS Reg. 5; Olive-sided Flycatcher Y CC, RC(14) National

Osprey SC BCRs 13, 14, 28. 30; USFWS Reg. Peregrine Falcon RC(28) 5; National E BCRs 13, 14, 30;USFWS High Pied-billed Grebe Reg. 5 Concern T BCRs 28, 30; USFWS Reg. 5; Prairie Warbler Y CC(13,28,30), RC(28,30) National

Prothonotary Warbler Y CC(30)

Purple Finch RS(14)

Purple Martin RC(28) BCR 30 (nb), USFWS Reg. 5; Purple Sandpiper National

Razorbill Y BCRs 13, 28, 30; USFWS Red-headed Reg. 5; Woodpecker Y CC, RC(13,28,30) National SC

Red-shouldered Hawk SC BCR 30 (nb), USFWS High Red-throated Loon Reg. 5 Concern

Red Crossbill RC(28) BCRs 13, 30 (both nb); USFWS Reg. 5; Highly Red Knot Y National Imperiled

Rose-breasted Grosbeak RC(30), RS(13)

Ruddy Turnstone High Concern

Ruffed Grouse RC(14,28) BCR 14, 28 Rusty Blackbird Y CC(14) (nb), 29

Common Name Audubo PIF Concern Level 2005 USFWS Northern MANEM NYS n (BCR#)2 Birds of Atlantic Regional Status6 WatchLi Conservati Regional Waterbird st on Shorebird Plan5 (2007)1 Concern Plan4 20083 30 (nb); USFWS Reg. 5; National

Sanderling Y High Concern

Savannah Sparrow RC(13)

Scarlet Tanager RC(30), RS(28) BCR 30; USFWS Reg. 5: Seaside Sparrow R CC(30) National SC BCRs 28 (nb), 30; USFWS Reg. Sedge Wren RC(30) 5 T BCRs 13, 30 (both nb); USFWS Reg. 5; Semipalmated Sandpiper Y National High Concern

Sharp-shinned Hawk SC BCR 30 (nb), USFWS Reg. 5; Short-billed Dowitcher National BCRs 13, 30 (both nb); USFWS Reg. 5; Short-eared Owl Y CC(13) National E BCR 30, USFWS High Snowy Egret Reg. 5 Concern BCRs 13, 14, 30(all nb); USFWS Reg. 5; Solitary Sandpiper National High Sora Concern

Stilt Sandpiper Y High Tricolored Heron Concern

Trumpeter Swan Y BCRs 13, 14, 28. 30; USFWS Reg. Upland Sandpiper 5; National High Concern T

Veery RC(30), RS(14)

Vesper Sparrow SC

Western Sandpiper Y BCRs 13, 30 (both nb); USFWS Reg. 5; Highly Whimbrel National Imperiled

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Common Name Audubo PIF Concern Level 2005 USFWS Northern MANEM NYS n (BCR#)2 Birds of Atlantic Regional Status6 WatchLi Conservati Regional Waterbird st on Shorebird Plan5 (2007)1 Concern Plan4 20083 White-rumped Sandpiper Y

White-throated Sparrow CS, RS(14)

Willet High Concern

Willow Flycatcher Y CC(13,14,28,30) National BCRs 13, 14, 28, 30; USFWS CC, RC(13,14,28,30); CS, Reg. Wood Thrush Y RS(28) 5; National BCRs 28, 30; USFWS Reg. 5; Worm-eating Warbler CC(28,30); RC, CS, RS(28) National Yellow-bellied Sapsucker CS, RS(14)

Yellow-breasted Chat RC(28) SC

Yellow-throated Vireo RC, CS, RS(28)

1 "R" and “Y” indicate species of Red and Yellow status, respectively, on the Audubon WatchList 2007. 2 Ranked according to the 2005 Partners in Flight assessment as species of continental concern (CC), regional concern (RC), continental stewardship (CS), or regional stewardship (RS) for any of the Bird Conservation Regions that cover New York State, with BCR number appearing in parentheses after the ranking category code. 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2008. Birds of Conservation Concern 2008. United States Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, Virginia. 85 pp. [Online version available at ]. Species are listed by BCR (b=breeding, nb=non- breeding), USFWS Region, and Nationally. 4 Species ranked as either highly imperiled or of high concern in the Northern Atlantic Regional Shorebird Plan.

5 Species ranked as either highest concern or high concern in BCRs 14 or 30 according to the Waterbird Conservation Plan for the Mid-Atlantic/New England/Maritimes Region: 2006-2010.

6 Species listed as endangered (E), threatened (T), or of special concern (SC) in New York State; * indicates a species that is also federally listed as endangered or threatened.

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Table 4 NYS-NHP Element Occurrences within LHP and their conservation status

COMMON_NAME NY_STATUS FED_STATUS First_ELEM Alewife Floater Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Allegheny Woodrat Endangered Vertebrate Animal American Waterwort Endangered Vascular Plant An Ear Moth Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Anadromous Fish Concentration Area Animal Assemblage Anderson's Peat Moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant Angerman's peat moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant Angled Spikerush Endangered Vascular Plant Appalachian Azure Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Appalachian Sandwort Rare Vascular Plant Arctic Rush Threatened Vascular Plant Arrowhead Spiketail Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Atlantic Needlefish Unlisted Vertebrate Animal Atlantic Silverside Unlisted Vertebrate Animal Atlantic Sturgeon No Open Season Endangered Vertebrate Animal Atlantic White Cedar Threatened Vascular Plant Back's Sedge Threatened Vascular Plant Bald Eagle Threatened Vertebrate Animal Barn Owl Protected Bird Vertebrate Animal Barrens Itame Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Basil Mountain-mint Endangered Vascular Plant Bat Colony Animal Assemblage Beakgrass Threatened Vascular Plant Black-edge Sedge Threatened Vascular Plant Black-eyed Zale Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Blanding's Turtle Threatened Vertebrate Animal Blue Wild Rye Endangered Vascular Plant Blueberry Gray Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Blunt-lobe Grape Fern Threatened Vascular Plant Blunt Mountain-mint Threatened Vascular Plant Bog Turtle Endangered Threatened Vertebrate Animal Brook Floater Threatened Invertebrate Animal Brook Snaketail Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Broom Crowberry Endangered Vascular Plant Button-bush Dodder Endangered Vascular Plant Carey's Smartweed Endangered Vascular Plant Carolina peat moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant

COMMON_NAME NY_STATUS FED_STATUS First_ELEM Carolina Whitlow-grass Threatened Vascular Plant Cat-tail Sedge Endangered Vascular Plant Cattle Egret Protected Bird Vertebrate Animal Clustered Sedge Threatened Vascular Plant Colonial Waterbird Nesting Area Animal Assemblage Comet Darner Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Common Tern Threatened Vertebrate Animal Davis' Sedge Threatened Vascular Plant Delmarva Beggar-ticks Rare Vascular Plant Downy Carrion-flower Endangered Vascular Plant Drummond's Rock-cress Threatened Vascular Plant Dusted Skipper Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Dwarf Bulrush Endangered Vascular Plant Dwarf Wedgemussel Endangered Endangered Invertebrate Animal Eastern Grasswort Threatened Vascular Plant Eastern Pearlshell Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Eastern Pondmussel Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Eastern Small-footed Myotis Special Concern Vertebrate Animal Eastern Spadefoot Special Concern Vertebrate Animal Eastern Wormsnake Special Concern Vertebrate Animal Edwards' Hairstreak Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Estuary Beggar-ticks Endangered Vascular Plant Fairy Wand Endangered Vascular Plant False Hair Moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant False Hop Sedge Threatened Vascular Plant False Lettuce Endangered Vascular Plant Featherfoil Threatened Vascular Plant Fence Lizard Threatened Vertebrate Animal Field Beadgrass Endangered Vascular Plant Flat-leaved peat moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant Flexible hair moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant Frank's Sedge Endangered Vascular Plant Fringed Boneset Threatened Vascular Plant Georgia Bulrush Endangered Vascular Plant Glaucous Sedge Threatened Vascular Plant Globe-fruited Ludwigia Threatened Vascular Plant Globose Flatsedge Endangered Vascular Plant Glossy Ibis Protected Bird Vertebrate Animal Golden-seal Threatened Vascular Plant Golden-winged Skimmer Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Golden Club Threatened Vascular Plant Golden Eagle Endangered Vertebrate Animal

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COMMON_NAME NY_STATUS FED_STATUS First_ELEM Grass Moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant Gray Petaltail Special Concern Invertebrate Animal Great Blue Heron Protected Bird Vertebrate Animal Great Plains Flatsedge Threatened Vascular Plant Green-faced Clubtail Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Green Milkweed Threatened Vascular Plant Green Parrot's-feather Endangered Vascular Plant Green Rock-cress Threatened Vascular Plant Gull Colony Animal Assemblage Gypsy-wort Endangered Vascular Plant Hanging long beak moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant Heartleaf Plantain Rare Vascular Plant Henslow's Sparrow Threatened Vertebrate Animal Herodias or Pine Barrens Underwing Special Concern Invertebrate Animal Hill's Pondweed Threatened Vascular Plant Hyssop-skullcap Endangered Vascular Plant Indiana Bat Endangered Endangered Vertebrate Animal Inland Barrens Buckmoth Special Concern Invertebrate Animal Inland Silverside Unlisted Vertebrate Animal Kentucky Warbler Protected Bird Vertebrate Animal King Rail Threatened Vertebrate Animal Knotted Spikerush Threatened Vascular Plant Large Twayblade Endangered Vascular Plant Least Bittern Threatened Vertebrate Animal Lined Sedge Endangered Vascular Plant Little Blue Heron Protected Bird Vertebrate Animal Long's Bittercress Threatened Vascular Plant Long-beaked Beakrush Rare Vascular Plant Longtail Salamander Special Concern Vertebrate Animal Marsh Horsetail Threatened Vascular Plant Marsh Straw Sedge Threatened Vascular Plant Michaux's Blue-eyed-grass Endangered Vascular Plant Midland Clubtail Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Midland Sedge Threatened Vascular Plant Mocha Emerald Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Mock-pennyroyal Threatened Vascular Plant Mountain Spleenwort Threatened Vascular Plant Narrow-leaved Sedge Endangered Vascular Plant Needham's Skimmer Unlisted Invertebrate Animal New England Bluet Unlisted Invertebrate Animal New England Cottontail Special Concern Candidate Vertebrate Animal Northern Barrens Tiger Beetle Unlisted Invertebrate Animal

34

COMMON_NAME NY_STATUS FED_STATUS First_ELEM Northern Blazing-star Threatened Vascular Plant Northern Bog Aster Threatened Vascular Plant Northern Cricket Frog Endangered Vertebrate Animal Northern Dwarf Huckleberry Endangered Vascular Plant Northern Gama Grass Threatened Vascular Plant Northern Harrier Threatened Vertebrate Animal Northern Metalmark Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Northern Myotis Unlisted Candidate Vertebrate Animal Northern Oak Hairstreak Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Ogden's Pondweed Endangered Vascular Plant Ovate Spikerush Endangered Vascular Plant Peregrine Falcon Endangered Vertebrate Animal Persimmon Threatened Vascular Plant Pied-billed Grebe Threatened Vertebrate Animal Pine Barrens Zanclognatha Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Piping Plover Endangered Threatened Vertebrate Animal Prothonotary Warbler Protected Bird Vertebrate Animal Provancher's Fleabane Endangered Vascular Plant Purple Milkweed Threatened Vascular Plant Rapids Clubtail Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Raptor Winter Concentration Area Animal Assemblage Rattlebox Endangered Vascular Plant Red-headed Woodpecker Special Concern Vertebrate Animal Reflexed Sedge Threatened Vascular Plant Reznicek's Sedge Endangered Vascular Plant Rhodora Threatened Vascular Plant Riverweed Threatened Vascular Plant Rolled-leaf wet ground moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant Rough Avens Threatened Vascular Plant Russet-tipped Clubtail Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Sable Clubtail Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Salt-marsh Spikerush Threatened Vascular Plant Saltmarsh Aster Threatened Vascular Plant Saltmarsh Bulrush Endangered Vascular Plant Scarlet Indian-paintbrush Endangered Vascular Plant Seaside Sparrow Special Concern Vertebrate Animal Sedge Wren Threatened Vertebrate Animal Shining Bedstraw Endangered Vascular Plant Short-eared Owl Endangered Vertebrate Animal Short-fruit Rush Endangered Vascular Plant Shortnose Sturgeon Endangered Endangered Vertebrate Animal Showy Aster Threatened Vascular Plant

35

COMMON_NAME NY_STATUS FED_STATUS First_ELEM Side-oats Grama Endangered Vascular Plant Slender Blue Flag Threatened Vascular Plant Slender Pinweed Threatened Vascular Plant Slender Spikerush Endangered Vascular Plant Small-flowered Crowfoot Rare Vascular Plant Small Floating Bladderwort Threatened Vascular Plant Small Whorled Pogonia Endangered Threatened Vascular Plant Smooth Bur-marigold Threatened Vascular Plant Snowy Egret Protected Bird Vertebrate Animal Soft-leaved peat moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant Southern Dodder Endangered Vascular Plant Southern Leopard Frog Special Concern Vertebrate Animal Southern Yellow Flax Threatened Vascular Plant Spatterdock Darner Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Spine-crowned Clubtail Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Spongy Arrowhead Threatened Vascular Plant Spotted Pondweed Threatened Vascular Plant Spreading Globeflower Rare Vascular Plant Stiff-leaf Goldenrod Threatened Vascular Plant Stiff Tick-trefoil Endangered Vascular Plant Straw Sedge Endangered Vascular Plant Swamp Birch Threatened Vascular Plant Swamp Cottonwood Threatened Vascular Plant Swamp Lousewort Threatened Vascular Plant Tawny Emperor Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Terrestrial Starwort Threatened Vascular Plant Tidewater Mucket Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Tiger Spiketail Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Timber Rattlesnake Threatened Vertebrate Animal Tooth-cup Threatened Vascular Plant Toothed Apharetra Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Torrey's Mountain-mint Endangered Vascular Plant Trinidad peat moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant Two-ranked moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant Upland Sandpiper Threatened Vertebrate Animal Violet Wood-sorrel Threatened Vascular Plant Virginia False Gromwell Endangered Vascular Plant Virginia Pine Endangered Vascular Plant Virginia Snakeroot Threatened Vascular Plant Water-thread Pondweed Endangered Vascular Plant Water Pigmyweed Endangered Vascular Plant Water pocket moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant

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COMMON_NAME NY_STATUS FED_STATUS First_ELEM Waterfowl Winter Concentration Area Animal Assemblage Weak Rush Endangered Vascular Plant Whip-poor-will Special Concern Vertebrate Animal Wild Pink Threatened Vascular Plant Winter Grape Endangered Vascular Plant Wood Reedgrass Endangered Vascular Plant Woodland Agrimony Threatened Vascular Plant Woodland Rush Endangered Vascular Plant Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Protected Bird Vertebrate Animal Yellow Flatsedge Endangered Vascular Plant Yellow Giant-hyssop Threatened Vascular Plant Yellow Harlequin Rare Vascular Plant Yellow Lampmussel Unlisted Invertebrate Animal Yellow Wild Flax Threatened Vascular Plant Yew-leaf moss Unlisted Nonvascular Plant

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Table 5 NYS-NHP EO Occurrences Natural Communities and their conservation status

SCIENTIFIC_NAME NY_STATUS GLOBAL_STATUS

Acidic talus slope woodland S3 G4?

Appalachian oak-hickory forest S4 G4G5

Beech-maple mesic forest S4 G4

Brackish intertidal mudflats S1S2 G3G4

Brackish subtidal aquatic bed S3S4 G4

Brackish tidal marsh S3S4 G4

Calcareous cliff community S3 G4

Calcareous red cedar barrens S1 G1G2

Calcareous talus slope woodland S3 G3G4

Chestnut oak forest S4 G5

Cliff community S4 G5

Confined river S3S4 G4

Deep emergent marsh S5 G5

Dwarf pine ridges S1 G1G2

Dwarf shrub bog S3 G4

Floodplain forest S2S3 G3G4

Freshwater intertidal mudflats S2 G3G4

Freshwater intertidal shore S2S3 G3G4

Freshwater tidal marsh S2 G3G4

Freshwater tidal swamp S1 G2G3

Hemlock-hardwood swamp S4 G4G5

Hemlock-northern hardwood forest S4 G4G5

Highbush blueberry bog thicket S3 G4

Ice cave talus community S1S2 G3?

SCIENTIFIC_NAME NY_STATUS GLOBAL_STATUS

Inland Atlantic white cedar swamp S1 G2G3

Limestone woodland S2S3 G3G4

Maple-basswood rich mesic forest S3 G4

Marine rocky intertidal S1S2 G5

Medium fen S2S3 G3G4

Oak-tulip tree forest S2S3 G4

Perched bog S1S2 G3G4

Pitch pine-blueberry peat swamp S1 G3?

Pitch pine-oak-heath rocky summit S3S4 G4

Red cedar rocky summit S3 G3G4

Red maple-blackgum swamp S2 G3G4

Red maple-hardwood swamp S4S5 G5

Red maple-sweetgum swamp S1S2 G4G5

Rocky summit grassland S3 G3G4

Shale talus slope woodland S3 G3G4

Spruce-fir swamp S3 G3G4

Tidal river S3 G4

Vernal pool S3S4 G4

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Table 1 iMapNY Invasive Species within LHP as of June 2014

Column Count of State Labels Plant Protoct (bla Grand Row Labels Animalia ae ista nk) Total Allegheny Crayfish 1 1 Orconectes obscurus 1 1 Amur Corktree, Amur cork tree, Amur cork-tree 3 3 Phellodendron amurense 3 3 Amur Honeysuckle 9 9 Lonicera maackii 9 9 Amur Privet 1 1 Ligustrum amurense 1 1 Asian Clam 9 9 Corbicula fluminea 9 9 Asian Shore Crab 16 16 Hemigrapsus sanguineus 16 16 Asiatic Clam 3 3 Corbicula fluminea 3 3 Asiatic Dayflower 3 3 Commelina communis var. communis 3 3 Autumn Olive, Autumn-olive 137 137 Elaeagnus umbellata 137 137 Banded Mysterysnail 1 1 Viviparus georgianus 1 1 Basket Willow, Purpleosier Willow 7 7 Salix purpurea 7 7 Birdfoot Deervetch, Bird's Foot Trefoil, Bacon and Eggs, Hen and Chickens 31 31 Lotus corniculatus 31 31 Black Jetbead, Jetbead 3 3 Rhodotypos scandens 3 3 Black Locust 148 148 Robinia pseudoacacia 148 148 Black Swallow-wort, Louise's Swallow-wort, Dog-strangling Vine 408 408 Cynanchum louiseae 408 408 Bohemian knotweed 2 2 Fallopia x bohemica 2 2 Border Privet 11 11 Ligustrum obtusifolium 11 11 Boston-ivy 1 1 Parthenocissus tricuspidata 1 1 Bouncing-bet, Bouncing Bet 32 32 Saponaria officinalis 32 32 Bradford Pear, Callery Pear 4 4 Pyrus calleryana 4 4 Bristly Lady's-thumb 39 39 Persicaria longiseta 39 39 Bristly Locust 3 3 Robinia hispida 3 3 Brittle Naiad, Brittle Water-nymph, Lesser Naiad, Brittle water nymph, Slender-leaved naiad 2 2 Najas minor 2 2 Broom-corn, Shattercane 2 2 Sorghum bicolor 2 2 Brown Marmorated Stink Bug 267 267 Halyomorpha halys 267 267 Brown Starthistle, Brown knapweed 4 4

Column Count of State Labels Plant Protoct (bla Grand Row Labels Animalia ae ista nk) Total Centaurea jacea 4 4 Bull Thistle 23 23 Cirsium vulgare 23 23 Bush Honeysuckle (species unknown) 337 337 Lonicera spp (species unknown) 337 337 Canada Bluegrass, Canada blue-grass 85 85 Poa compressa 85 85 Caper Spurge, Mole Plant 1 1 Euphorbia lathyris 1 1 Carline Thistle 1 1 Carlina vulgaris 1 1 Centaurea (species unknown) 29 29 Centaurea spp (species unknown) 29 29 Cheatgrass, Drooping Brome-grass, Cheat grass, Drooping brome 40 40 Bromus tectorum 40 40 Chicory 24 24 Cichorium intybus 24 24 China Fleece Vine, Silver Lace-vine, Silver Lace, Fleece Vine 1 1 Fallopia baldschuanica 1 1 Chinese Lespedeza, Chinese Bush-clover, Sericea Lespedeza 1 1 Lespedeza cuneata 1 1 Chinese Mitten Crab 21 21 Eriocheir sinensis 21 21 Chinese Privet 1 1 Ligustrum sinense 1 1 Chinese Silver Grass, Eulalia, Chinese silvergrass, Maiden grass 1 1 Miscanthus sinensis 1 1 Chinese Wisteria 4 4 Wisteria sinensis 4 4 Chinese Yam, Air Potato 2 2 Dioscorea polystachya 2 2 Climbing Nightshade, Bittersweet Nightshade, Trailing nightshade 28 28 Solanum dulcamara var. dulcamara 28 28 Codlins And Cream, Willow-herb, Hairy Willow-herb, Fireweed 4 4 Epilobium hirsutum 4 4 Colt's Foot, Coltsfoot 38 38 Tussilago farfara 38 38 Common Barberry, European Barberry 38 38 Berberis vulgaris 38 38 Common Buckthorn 139 139 Rhamnus cathartica 139 139 Common Carp 1945 1945 Cyprinus carpio 1945 1945 Common Crown-vetch, Crownvetch, Crown vetch 6 6 Coronilla varia 6 6 Common Frogbit, European Frog-bit, Frogbit, European frogbit 1 1 Hydrocharis morsus-ranae 1 1 Common Hound's-tongue, Beggar's Lice, Common Bur, Houndstongue, Sheep Lice, Glovewort 2 2 Cynoglossum officinale 2 2 Common Periwinkle, Periwinkle 15 15 Vinca minor 15 15 Common Reed, Common reed grass 505 505 Phragmites australis ssp. australis 505 505 Common Shepherd's Purse, Shepherd's Purse 20 20 Capsella bursa-pastoris 20 20 41

Column Count of State Labels Plant Protoct (bla Grand Row Labels Animalia ae ista nk) Total Common St. Johnswort, St. John's wort 42 42 Hypericum perforatum 42 42 Common Star-of-Bethlehem, Star of Bethlehem, Star-of-Bethelehem 10 10 Ornithogalum umbellatum 10 10 Common Tansy 12 12 Tanacetum vulgare 12 12 Crack Willow, Brittle Willow 5 5 Salix fragilis 5 5 Creeping Buttercup 7 7 Ranunculus repens 7 7 Creeping Jennie, Moneywort, Creeping Jenny 61 61 Lysimachia nummularia 61 61 Creeping Thistle, Canada Thistle 28 28 Cirsium arvense 28 28 Creeping Wild Rye, Quack Grass 14 14 Elymus repens 14 14 Crowdipper, Green Dragon 1 1 Pinellia ternata 1 1 Curly Pondweed, Crisped Pondweed, Curly-leaf pondweed, Curlyleaf pondweed, Crispy-leaved pondweed 23 23 Potamogeton crispus 23 23 Cutleaf Blackberry, Evergreen Blackberry 8 8 Rubus laciniatus 8 8 Cut-leaf Teasel, Cutleaf teasel, Cut-leaved teasel 1 1 Dipsacus laciniatus 1 1 Cypress Spurge 15 15 Euphorbia cyparissias 15 15 Dame's Rocket 17 17 Hesperis matronalis 17 17 Didymo, Rock snot 9 9 Didymosphenia geminata 9 9 Dog Rose 6 6 Rosa canina 6 6 Eastern Redbelly Turtle 1 1 Pseudemys rubriventris 1 1 Elongate Hemlock Scale 8 8 Fiorinia externa 8 8 Emerald Ash Borer 8 8 Agrilus planipennis 8 8 English Ivy 6 6 Hedera helix 6 6 Erect Hedge-parsley, Japanese Hedge-parsley 1 1 Torilis japonica 1 1 Eurasian Water-milfoil, European Water-milfoil, Spike Water-milfoil, Eurasian watermilfoil 42 42 Myriophyllum spicatum 42 42 European Alder, Black Alder 14 14 Alnus glutinosa 14 14 European Bird Cherry 1 1 Prunus padus 1 1 European Fly-honeysuckle, Dwarf Honeysuckle, European fly honeysuckle 4 4 Lonicera xylosteum 4 4 European Gray Willow, Gray Florist's Willow 2 2 Salix cinerea 2 2 European Privet, Common privet 26 26 Ligustrum vulgare 26 26 42

Column Count of State Labels Plant Protoct (bla Grand Row Labels Animalia ae ista nk) Total False Spiraea 5 5 Sorbaria sorbifolia 5 5 Feral Swine, Wild Boar 1 1 Sus scrofa 1 1 Field Hawkweed 2 2 Pilosella caespitosa 2 2 Field Sowthistle, Perrenial Sowthistle 1 1 Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis 1 1 Fig Buttercup, Lesser celandine 4 4 Ranunculus ficaria var. bulbifera 4 4 Five-leaf Akebia, Chocolate Vine, Fiveleaf Akebia 11 11 Akebia quinata 11 11 Five-leaf Aralia 1 1 Eleutherococcus pentaphyllus 1 1 Fly Honeysuckle, Showy pink honeysuckle, Bell's honeysuckle 11 11 Lonicera x bella 11 11 Fuller's Teasel, Common Teasel, Wild Teasel 2 2 Dipsacus fullonum 2 2 Garden Loosestrife, Yellow Garden Loosestrife 1 1 Lysimachia vulgaris 1 1 Garden Stonecrop, Live Forever 1 1 Hylotelephium telephium 1 1 206 Garlic Mustard 5 2065 206 Alliaria petiolata 5 2065 Glossy Buckthorn, European Buckthorn, Smooth buckthorn 49 49 Frangula alnus 49 49 Golden-rain Tree 1 1 Koelreuteria paniculata 1 1 Goldfish 148 148 Carassius auratus 148 148 Goose-neck Loosestrife, Gooseneck Yellow Loosestrife 1 1 Lysimachia clethroides 1 1 Grass Carp 9 9 Ctenopharyngodon idella 9 9 Great Mullein, Common mullein 69 69 Verbascum thapsus 69 69 Greater Celadine, Celandine 16 16 Chelidonium majus 16 16 Green Crab 148 148 Carcinus maenas 148 148 Ground Ivy, Gill-over-the-ground 24 24 Glechoma hederacea 24 24 Gypsy Moth 27 27 Lymantria dispar 27 27 Gypsy-weed, Common Speedwell, Speedwell 63 63 Veronica officinalis 63 63 Hairy Bitter-cress 5 5 Cardamine hirsuta 5 5 Hairy Crabgrass 19 19 Digitaria sanguinalis 19 19 Hairy Crabweed 1 1 Fatoua villosa 1 1 Hardy Kiwi, Taravine 5 5 Actinidia arguta 5 5 43

Column Count of State Labels Plant Protoct (bla Grand Row Labels Animalia ae ista nk) Total Hawthorn, English Hawthorn 7 7 Crataegus monogyna 7 7 Hemlock Woolly Adelgid 29 29 Adelges tsugae 29 29 Honeysuckle (species unknown) 82 82 Lonicera spp (species unknown) 82 82 Hydrilla, Water-thyme, Florida Elodea, Water thyme 2 2 Hydrilla verticillata 2 2 Indian Mock-strawberry, Indian Strawberry 8 8 Duchesnea indica 8 8 Japanese Angelica Tree 313 313 Aralia elata 313 313 411 Japanese Barberry 6 4116 411 Berberis thunbergii 6 4116 Japanese Black Pine 13 13 Pinus thunbergiana 13 13 Japanese Holly 1 1 Ilex crenata 1 1 Japanese Honeysuckle 464 464 Lonicera japonica 464 464 Japanese Hops 9 9 Humulus japonicus 9 9 Japanese Knotweed, Japanese Bamboo 347 347 Fallopia japonica var. japonica 347 347 Japanese Maple 1 1 Acer palmatum 1 1 Japanese Sedge; Asiatic Sand Sedge 1 1 Carex kobomugi 1 1 328 Japanese Stiltgrass, Nepalese Browntop, Japanese stilt grass, Nepalgrass 9 3289 328 Microstegium vimineum 9 3289 Japanese Virgin's-bower, Sweet Autumn Clematis, Yam-leaf clematis, Japanese virgin's bower 10 10 Clematis terniflora 10 10 Japanese Wisteria, Wisteria 1 1 Wisteria floribunda 1 1 Japanese-Tree Lilac 1 1 Syringa reticulata 1 1 Jimsonweed 15 15 Datura stramonium 15 15 Kingdevil, King-devil, Tall Hawkweed 15 15 Hieracium piloselloides 15 15 Kudzu, Japanese arrowroot 25 25 Pueraria montana var. lobata 25 25 Leafy Spurge, Wolf's Milk 22 22 Euphorbia esula 22 22 Lesser Knapweed, Black Starthistle, Black Knapweed 8 8 Centaurea nigra 8 8 Linden Arrow-wood 12 12 Viburnum dilatatum 12 12 Meadow Fescue 9 9 Schedonorus pratensis 9 9 Meadow Timothy, Timothy 29 29 Phleum pratense 29 29 44

Column Count of State Labels Plant Protoct (bla Grand Row Labels Animalia ae ista nk) Total Mexican Summer-cyprus, Common Kochia, Summer cypress 1 1 Kochia scoparia ssp. scoparia 1 1 Mile-a-minute Weed, Mile-a-minute Vine, Asiatic Tearthum, Mile a minute weed 187 187 Persicaria perfoliata 187 187 Morning Glory, Ivy-leaved Morning Glory 1 1 Ipomoea hederacea 1 1 Morrow Honeysuckle, Morrow's honeysuckle 105 105 Lonicera morrowii 105 105 Mud Bithynia 10 10 Bithynia tentaculata 10 10 Mugwort 19 19 Artemisia vulgaris var. vulgaris 19 19 Mugwort (var. vulgaris) 27 27 Artemisia vulgaris var. vulgaris 27 27 230 Multiflora Rose, Rambler Rose 9 2309 230 Rosa multiflora 9 2309 Mute Swan 9 9 Cygnus olor 9 9 Narrowleaf Bittercress, Bushy Rock-cress 8 8 Cardamine impatiens 8 8 Northern Catalpa 9 9 Catalpa speciosa 9 9 Northern Snakehead 46 46 Channa argus 46 46 Norway Maple 611 611 Acer platanoides 611 611 Norway Spruce 23 23 Picea abies 23 23 Onerow Yellowcress 1 1 Nasturtium microphyllum 1 1 Orange Daylily, Tawny Daylily, Day lily, Day-lily 8 8 Hemerocallis fulva 8 8 Orange-eye Butterfly-bush 6 6 Buddleja davidii 6 6 176 Oriental Bittersweet, Asian Bittersweet, Asiatic Bittersweet 3 1763 176 Celastrus orbiculatus 3 1763 Oriental Weatherfish 5 5 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 5 5 Pale Swallow-wort, Dog-strangling Vine, European Swallow-wort 1 1 Cynanchum rossicum 1 1 Pale Swallow-wort,Dog-strangling Vine,European Swallow-wort 2 2 Cynanchum rossicum 2 2 Paper-mulberry 10 10 Broussonetia papyrifera 10 10 Parrot-feather, Water-feather, Brazilian Water-milfoil, Parrot's feather, Parrotfeather 1 1 Myriophyllum aquaticum 1 1 Perennial Pea, Everlasting-pea, Sweet-pea Everlasting 7 7 Lathyrus latifolius 7 7 Poison-hemlock 3 3 Conium maculatum 3 3

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Column Count of State Labels Plant Protoct (bla Grand Row Labels Animalia ae ista nk) Total Policemen's Helmet, Ornamental Jewelweed, Himalayan Balsam, Purple Jewelweed 3 3 Impatiens glandulifera 3 3 Pond Water-starwort, Water Chickweed, Pond water starwort 3 3 Callitriche stagnalis 3 3 Porcelain Berry, Amur Pepper-vine, Porcelain-berry, Porcelainberry, Amur peppervine 64 64 Ampelopsis brevipedunculata 64 64 Prickly Russian Thistle, Russian Tumbleweed, Russian-cactus, Russian- thistle, Tumbleweed 1 1 Salsola tragus 1 1 Privet (species unknown) 52 52 Ligustrum spp. (species unknown) 52 52 Purple Loosestrife 972 972 Lythrum salicaria 972 972 Ragged Robin 5 5 Lychnis flos-cuculi 5 5 Red-eared Slider Turtle 25 25 Trachemys scripta elegans 25 25 Ringed Crayfish 14 14 Orconectes neglectus 14 14 Royal Paulownia, Princess Tree, Empress Tree 17 17 Paulownia tomentosa 17 17 Rudd 63 63 Scardinius erythrophthalmus 63 63 Rugosa Rose, Japanese Rose 22 22 Rosa rugosa 22 22 Russian Olive, Russian-olive 1 1 Elaeagnus angustifolia 1 1 Rusty Crayfish 33 33 Orconectes rusticus 33 33 Rusty Willow 32 32 Salix atrocinerea 32 32 Scotch Broom 4 4 Cytisus scoparius 4 4 Short-fringe Starthistle, Knapweed, Tyrol knapweed 14 14 Centaurea nigrescens 14 14 Siberian Crabapple, Crabapple 1 1 Malus baccata 1 1 Siberian Elm 1 1 Ulmus pumila 1 1 Siebold's Viburnum 6 6 Viburnum sieboldii 6 6 Silk Tree 3 3 Albizia julibrissin 3 3 Silver Vine 1 1 Actinidia polygama 1 1 Slender Cottonweed, Slender Snake Cotton, Cottonweed 10 10 Froelichia gracilis 10 10 Small Carpgrass, Hairy Joint Grass, Jointhead, Arthraxon, Hairy jointgrass, Small carpetgrass 1 1 Arthraxon hispidus 1 1 Smooth brome 21 21 Bromus inermis 21 21 Smooth Crabgrass 4 4 Digitaria ischaemum 4 4

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Column Count of State Labels Plant Protoct (bla Grand Row Labels Animalia ae ista nk) Total Sour Red Cherry 4 4 Prunus cerasus 4 4 Spotted Loosestrife 8 8 Lysimachia punctata 8 8 Spotted Starthistle, Spotted Knapweed 58 58 Centaurea stoebe spp. micranthos 58 58 Sticky Sage 3 3 Salvia glutinosa 3 3 Stringy Stonecrop 5 5 Sedum sarmentosum 5 5 Swallowwort (species unknown) 5 5 Cynanchum spp. (species unknown) 5 5 Sweet Bedstraw, Woodruff 5 5 Galium odoratum 5 5 Sweet Briar 3 3 Rosa eglanteria 3 3 Sweet Cherry 21 21 Prunus avium 21 21 Sycamore Maple 12 12 Acer pseudoplatanus 12 12 Tartarian Honeysuckle 69 69 Lonicera tatarica 69 69 Tea Viburnum 4 4 Viburnum setigerum 4 4 Tree-of-heaven, Tree of Heaven, Chinese Sumac, Ailanthus, Varnish-tree, Copa-tree 503 503 Ailanthus altissima 503 503 True Forget-me-not, Forget-me-not 22 22 Myosotis scorpioides 22 22 Velvet-leaf 15 15 Abutilon theophrasti 15 15 Viburnum Leaf Beetle 1 1 Pyrrhalta viburni 1 1 Virile Crayfish 34 34 Orconectes virilis 34 34 Wall Lettuce 2 2 Mycelis muralis 2 2 Water Chestnut, Water-chestnut 48 48 Trapa natans 48 48 Watercress 1 1 Nasturtium officinale 1 1 Wayfaring-tree 1 1 Viburnum lantana 1 1 Weeping Lovegrass 4 4 Eragrostis curvula 4 4 White Clover 24 24 Trifolium repens 24 24 White Mulberry 66 66 Morus alba 66 66 White Poplar 28 28 Populus alba 28 28 White Sweet-clover 8 8 Melilotus albus 8 8 Wild Carrot, Queen Anne's Lace 64 64 Daucus carota 64 64 Wild Chervil 7 7 47

Column Count of State Labels Plant Protoct (bla Grand Row Labels Animalia ae ista nk) Total Anthriscus sylvestris 7 7 Wild Garlic, Field Garlic 20 20 Allium vineale 20 20 Wild Parsnip 25 25 Pastinaca sativa 25 25 142 Wineberry, Japanese Wineberry, Wine Raspberry 8 1428 142 Rubus phoenicolasius 8 1428 Winged Burning Bush, Burning Bush, Winged Euonymus, Winged Spindletree 897 897 Euonymus alatus 897 897 Winter Creeper, Climbing Euonymus, Wintercreeper 4 4 Euonymus fortunei 4 4 Wisteria (species unknown) 25 25 Wisteria spp. (species unknown) 25 25 Yellow Floating-heart, Yellow floating heart 1 1 Nymphoides peltata 1 1 Yellow Iris, Water-flag, Yellow flag iris, Water flag, Yellow flag 39 39 Iris pseudacorus 39 39 Yellow Sweetclover 18 18 Melilotus officinalis 18 18 Zebra Mussel 7 7 Dreissena polymorpha 7 7 234 Grand Total 2889 86 9 26384

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Table 7 Invasive Plants in NYS & LIISMA with Invasive Ranking

Invasiveness Assessment Scores and Ranks for 183 Nonnative Plant Species in NYS and LIISMA Assessments by the Brooklyn Botanic Garden Reviewed by the Scientific Review Committee of the Long Island Invasive Species Management Area (LIISMA SRC) Funded by The Nature Conservancy Submitted to the New York State Office of Invasive Species Coordination March 2013 VH (Very High) and H (High) Invasiveness Ranks = Recommend Do Not Sell M (Moderately invasive) = Recommend agencies do not plant and remove if found, especially in natural areas L=Low; I=Insignificant; U=Unknown; NA=Not Assessable (Not persistent outside of cultivation)

Species assessments are available on http://www.nyis.info/?action=israt

and http://www.nyis.info/index.php?action=liisma_pages&page=assessments

ON IN

SCIENTIFIC NAME WITH AUTHORSHIP AND SYNONYMS COMM ON

NAME NYS RANK RANK* LIISMA MAXREL SCORE PRESENT NATUAL IN AREAS NYS? IN DISTIRBUTI ¥ 1 y Amur Com Acer ginnala Maxim. M M 66.22 e maple mon s 2 Acer palmatum Thunb. Japanes M M 50.00 y Wides e maple e pread s 3 Acer platanoides L. Norway VH V 82.00 y Wides maple H e pread s 4 Acer pseudoplatanus L. sycamor H H 71.11 y Wides e maple e pread s 5 Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai Japanes H H 71.08 n Not e chaff o Prese flower nt 6 Aegopodium podagraria L. goutwee M M 63.75 y Wides d e pread s 7 Agrostis gigantea Roth redtop, M M 67.50 y Wides black e pread bentgras s s 8 gigantea) creeping M M 67.50 y Wides bentgras e pread s s 9 Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle tree-of- M M 68.00 y Wides Heaven, e pread ailanthu s s 10 Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne. chocolat M M 52.38 y Com e vine e mon s 11 Albizia julibrissin Durazz. silk tree L L 40.00 y Wides e pread s 12 Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande garlic VH V 84.00 y Wides mustard H e pread s 13 Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner Europea M M 64.44 y Wides n(black) e pread alder s 14 Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. porcelai H H 71.26 y Wides n berry e pread s 15 Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffmann wild H H 78.75 y Com chervil e mon s 16 Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. Japanes VH V 80.46 y Wides e H e pread angelica s tree 17 Artemisia vulgaris L. var. vulgaris mugwort H H 79.31 y Wides , e pread common s wormwo od

18 Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino arthraxo H M 75.68 y Not n e Prese s nt 19 Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. (including ssp. giantea and ssp. tecta bamboo, NA N (59.74§ y Not (Walter) McClure [=A. tecta (Walter) Muhl.]) canebre A ) e Prese ak, giant s nt cane 20 Berberis thunbergii de Candolle (includes all hybrids with other Berberis Japanes VH V 91.00 y Wides species) e H e pread barberry s 21 Berberis vulgaris L. common M M 68.75 y Com barberry e mon s 22 Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. ssp. sylvaticum slender VH V 86.60 Y Not false H e Prese brome s nt 23 Bromus tectorum L. cheat M M 50.00 y Wides grass e pread s 24 Buddleja davidii Franch. orange- L L 45.45 y Com eye e mon Butterfly s -bush 25 Butomus umbellatus L. flowerin M I 63.75 y Not g rush e Prese s nt 26 Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray, Ann fanwort, H H 72.34 y Wides Carolina e pread water- s shield 27 Callitriche stagnalis Scop. pond L I 48.75 y Restri water e cted starwort s 28 Caragana arborescens Lam. Siberian U U -- n Not peashru o Prese b nt 29 Cardamine impatiens L. narrowle H H 76.32 y Wides af e pread bittercre s ss 30 Carex kobomugi Ohwi Japanese M M 68.60 n Unkn sedge, Asiatic o own sand sedge

31 Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh killer alga N NA -- n NA A o 32 Celastrus orbiculatus Thunberg Oriental V VH 86.67 y Wides bittersweet H e pread s 33 Centaurea jacea s.l. (C. nigra, C.nigrescens, black M M 62.34 y Wides C. xmoncktonii) knapweed, e pread black star- s thistle, tyrol knapweed 34 Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos s.l. (C. biebersteinii, C. diffusa, C. spotted H H 78.89 y Wides maculosa misapplied, C. xpsammogena) knapweed, e pread spotted star- s thistle 35 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (C. setosum, C. incanum, Carduus arvensis, Canada thistle H H 71.00 y Wides Serratula arvensis) e pread s 36 Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop (Carduus palustris) marsh thistle, M I 67.90 y Restri European e cted swamp thistle s 37 Clematis terniflora de Candolle Japanese H H 72.60 y Wides virgin's bower; e pread yam-leaf s clematis 38 Coronilla varia L. Coronilla varia (Securigera varia) crown vetch M M 62.07 y Wides e pread s 39 Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi (C. nigrum, Vincetoxicum nigrum) black V VH 89.69 y Wides Swallow-wort H e pread s 40 Cynanchum rossicum (Kleop.) Borh. (C. medium, Vincetoxicum medium, pale Swallow- V VH 87.63 y Com V.rossicum) wort H e mon s 41 Cyperus difformis L. variable M M 51.95 y Restri flatsedge e cted s 42 Datura stramonium L. jimsonweed, M M 50.00 y Wides common e pread thorn-apple, s Jamestown weed, purple thorn-apple

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43 Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Grecian I I 36.78 y Not foxglove e Prese s nt 44 Digitalis purpurea L. purple M M 53.33 y Com foxglove e mon s 45 Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow (D. batatas) Chinese yam; H H 77.50 y Restri cinnamon vine e cted s 46 Dipsacus laciniatus L. cut-leaf Teasel H L 75.56 y Not e Prese s nt 47 Egeria densa Planchon Brazilian H H 74.71 y Com waterweed e mon s 48 Eichornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach common N NA -- n NA water-hyacinth A o 49 Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian olive M M 68.00 y Com e mon s 50 Elaeagnus umbellata Thunberg autumn olive V VH 94.00 y Wides H e pread s 51 Eleutherococcus pentaphyllus (Siebold & Zucc. five-leaved N NA -- n Not aralia A o Prese nt 52 Epilobium hirsutum L. hairy willow M M 62.50 y Restri herb; codlins e cted & cream s 53 Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees von Esenbeck weeping M M 57.14 y Wides lovegrass e pread s 54 Euonymus alatus (Thunberg) Siebold winged V VH 81.25 y Wides euonymus H e pread s 55 Euonymus europaeus L. European M M 60.00 y Wides spindletree e pread s 56 Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand. var. radicans (Siebold ex Miq.) Rehd. winter creeper H H 77.78 y Wides e pread s 57 Euphorbia cyparissias L. cypress H H 75.32 y Wides spurge e pread s 58 Euphorbia esula L. leafy spurge H M 75.90 y Restri e cted s 59 Euphorbia lathyris L. caper spurge M M 56.98 y Restri e cted s 60 Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub (F. aubertii; Polygonum aubertii) China M M 50.60 y Restri fleece vine; e cted silver lace s vine 61 Fallopia japonica (Hout.) Dcne. var. japonica (F. sachalinensis/ Japanese VH VH 97.94 y Wides xbohemica)(Polygonum cuspidatum /sachalinense/ xboehmicum) knotweed, e pread giant s knotweed 62 Festuca filiformis Pourret (F. brachyphylla, F. capillata, F. tenuifolia, F. hair fescue; M M 60.27 y Wides ovina ssp. tenuifolia, fineleaf e pread F. ovina var. capillata/tenuifolia) sheep s fescue 63 Frangula alnus P. Mill. (Rhamnus frangula) smooth H H 72.73 y Wides buckthorn e pread s 64 Froelichia gracilis (Hooker) Moq. slender M M 53.25 y Wides cottonweed e pread s 65 Galega officinalis L. professor M M 59.72 y Not Weed; e Prese Goat's rue s nt 66 Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. (Asperula odorata L.) sweet L L 47.78 y Restri bedstraw e cted (woodruff) s 67 Glaucium flavum Crantz yellow M M 65.75 y Restri hornpoppy e cted s 68 Glossostigma cleistanthum (G. diandrum (L.) Kunze) mudmats I I 34.88 n Not o Prese nt 69 Glyceria maxima (Hartman) Holmburg tall H H 79.52 n Unkn Glyceria, o own English Watergrass , Reed

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Mannagras s 70 Hedera helix L. English ivy M M 66.00 y Wides e pread s 71 Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. day lily L L 46.25 y Wides e pread s 72 Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier giant H M 72.00 y Restri hogweed e cted s 73 Hesperis matronalis L. dame's M M 56.98 y Wides rocket e pread s 74 Hordeum murinum L. ssp. leporinum (Link) Arca leporinum NA NA -- n Not barley o Prese nt 75 Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese H H 74.03 y Wides hops e pread s 76 Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle water VH VH 91.40 y Com thyme e mon s 77 Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. frogbit VH VH 85.57 y Com e mon s 78 Hypericum perforatum L. St. John’s L L 46.75 y Wides Wort e pread s 79 Ilex crenata Thunb. Japanese L L 46.67 y Wides holly e pread s 80 Impatiens glandulifera Royle ornamental M M 66.67 y Not jewelweed e Prese s nt 81 Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. (I. arundinacea, Lagurus cylindricus) cogon H H 79.00 n Not grass o Prese nt 82 Iris pseudacorus L. yellow iris H H 76.00 y Wides e pread s 83 Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader ssp. scoparia Mexican M M 68.75 y Wides Summer- e pread cypress s 84 Lepidium latifolium L. broad-leaf H H 79.38 y Com Pepper- e mon grass s 85 Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. shrubby M M 63.33 y Restri bush clover e cted s 86 Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don Chinese H H 74.44 y Wides lespedeza e pread s 87 Ligustrum amurense Caar. Amur privet NA NA -- n NA o 88 Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zuccarini border H H 76.67 y Wides privet e pread s 89 Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. California L l 44.83 y Restri privet e cted s 90 Ligustrum sinense Lour Chinese NA NA -- n NA privet o 91 Ligustrum vulgare L. European M M 67.82 y Wides privet e pread s 92 Lobelia chinensis Lour. Chinese I I 36.99 n Not lobelia o Prese nt 93 Lonicera japonica Thunberg Japanese VH VH 83.51 y Wides honeysuckl e pread e s 94 Lonicera maackii ( Rupr.) Maxim. Amur VH VH 84.44 y Wides honeysuckl e pread e s 95 Lonicera morrowii A. Gray (including L. tatarica; L. xbella) morrow's VH VH 85.54 y Wides honeysuckl e pread e s 96 Lonicera xylosteum L. European U U -- y Unkn fly e own honeysuckl s e 97 Lotus corniculatus L. bird’s Foot M M 59.00 y Wides Trefoil e pread s

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98 Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet ssp. hexapetala (Hook. & Uruguayan VH V 88.30 y Restri Arn.) G.L. Nesom & Kartesz primrose H e cted willow s

99 Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven ssp. floating VH V 89.36 y Com glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven primrose H e mon willow s 100 Lysimachia clethroides Duby gooseneck NA N -- n NA yellow A o loosestrife 101 Lysimachia nummularia L. moneywort M M 64.29 y Com e mon s 102 Lysimachia punctata L. var. verticillata (Bieb.) Klatt spotted M M 57.14 y Restri Loosestrife e cted s 103 Lysimachia vulgaris L. garden H M 72.73 y Not loosestrife e Prese s nt 104 Lythrum salicaria L. purple VH V 91.00 y Com loosestrife H e mon s 105 Marsilea quadrifolia L. European U U -- y Not water fern e Prese s nt 106 Microstegium vimineum (Trinius) A. Camus Japanese VH V 85.00 y Wides stilt grass H e pread s 107 Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. Japanese NA N -- n NA silvergrass A o 108 Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. Chinese H H 77.78 y Com silver e mon grass; s eulalia 109 Morus alba L. white M M 68.67 y Wides mulberry e pread s 110 Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz. marsh H H 78.16 n Not dewflower, o Prese wart- nt removing herb 111 Myosotis scorpioides L. true forget- U U -- y Com me-not e mon s 112 Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vellozo) Verdcourt parrot- H H 76.67 y Wides feather e pread s 113 Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. (includes X pinnatum) broadleaf VH V 93.62 y Restri water- H e cted milfoil s 114 Myriophyllum spicatum L. Eurasian VH V 100.00 y Wides water- H e pread milfoil s 115 Najas minor Allioni brittle water M L 64.84 y Restri nymph e cted s 116 Nasturtium officinale R. Br. ex Aiton (Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum watercress M M 65.75 y Wides (Linnaeus) Hayek, e pread s 117 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner sacred M M 64.38 y Com lotus e mon s 118 Nymphoides peltata (Walt. ex Gmel.) Kuntze yellow H H 74.47 y Com floating e mon heart s 119 Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. undulatifolius (Ard.) U. Scholz wavyleaf H H 70.27 n Not basketgras o Prese s nt 120 Paulownia tomentosa (Thunberg) Siebold & Zuccarini ex Steudel princess M M 51.11 y Wides tree e pread s 121 Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitagawa (Polygonum caespitosum var. creeping M M 60.27 y Wides longiseta) smartweee e pread d s 122 Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H. Gross (=Polyg Nepal U U -- y Unkn smartweed e own s 123 Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (Polygonum perfoliatum) mile a VH V 91.11 y Wides minute H e pread weed s 124 Phalaris arundinacea L. (Eurasian genotype) reed H H 77.78 y Com canary- e mon grass s

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125 Phellodendron amurense Rupr./P. japonicum Maxim. Amur cork H H 74.00 y Wides tree e pread s 126 Phleum pratense L. timothy M M 63.75 y Wides e pread s 127 Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. ssp. Australis common VH V 92.00 y Wides reed grass H e pread (subsp. s Indicates nonnative genotype) 128 Phyllostachys aureosulcata-and-P. aurea § yellow NA N § n Not groove A (71.43 ) o Prese bamboo nt and golden bamboo 129 Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino ex Breitenbach crowdipper, I I 39.73 y Restri green e cted dragon s 130 Pinus thunbergii Parl. Japanese M M 58.62 y Wides black pine e pread s 131 Pistia stratiotes L. water NA N -- n NA lettuce A o 132 Poa bulbosa L. bulbous L L 48.75 y Wides bluegrass e pread s 133 Poa compressa L. Canada M M 68.75 y Wides Bluegrass e pread s 134 Poa pratensis L. Kentucky M M 67.78 y Wides bluegrass e pread s 135 Populus alba L. white Poplar M M 55.95 y Wides e pread s 136 Potamogeton crispus L. curly H H 79.79 y Wides pondweed e pread s 137 Prunus avium L. sweet cherry M M 55.00 y Wides e pread s 138 Prunus cerasus L. sour red M M 55.00 y Not cherry e Prese s nt 139 Prunus padus L. European Bird M M 51.11 y Com Cherry e mon s 140 Pseudosasa japonica ( Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Makino ex Nakai arrow bamboo N N (55.17)§ n Not A A o Prese nt 141 Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willdenow) Maesen & S. kudzu V V 84.44 y Wides Almeida H H e pread s 142 Pyrus calleryana Decne. Bradford Pear M M 65.06 y Com e mon s 143 Ranunculus ficaria L. var. bulbifera Marsden- Jones lesser V V 85.56 y Wides celandine H H e pread s 144 Ranunculus repens L. creeping M M 63.22 y Com buttercup e mon s 145 Rhamnus cathartica L. common V V 81.00 y Wides buckthorn H H e pread s 146 Rhodotypos scandens (Thunberg) Makino jetbead M M 69.33 y Wides e pread s 147 Robinia hispida L. (var. fertilis & hispida) bristly locust L L 48.28 y Wides e pread s 148 Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust V V 81.11 y Wides H H e pread s 149 Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser (Nasturtium amphibium (L.) W.T. Ait.) water U U -- y Not yellowcress; e Prese great s nt yellowcress 150 Rosa multiflora Thunberg multiflora rose V V 89.00 y Wides H H e pread s 151 Rosa rugosa Thunberg Japanese M M 63.44 y Wides (rugosa) rose e pread s 54

152 Rubus bifrons Vest. ex Tratt. (R. armeniacus Focke; R. discolor Weihe & Himalyan M M 56.67 y Restri Nees, R. fruticosus exclusive of its type as per USDA blackberry e cted usda.plants.go s v 153 Rubus laciniatus Willdenow evergreen M M 63.22 y Wides Blackberry e pread s 154 Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. wineberry V V 85.56 y Wides H H e pread s 155 Rumex acetosella L. ssp. pyrenaicus (Pourret ex Lapeyr.) Akeroyd sheep sorrel M M 66.25 y Wides e pread s 156 Salix atrocinerea Brotero gray florist's V V 84.44 y Wides willow H H e pread s 157 Salvinia molesta Mitchell water fern N N -- n NA A A o 158 Saponaria officinalis L. bouncing-bet M M 52.50 y Wides e pread s 159 Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort (Lolium arundinaceum) tall fescue, M M 65.00 y Wides Kentucky e pread fescue, Reed s Fescue, Coarse Fescue, Alta Fescue 160 Senecio jacobaea L. tansy ragwort M M 60.00 y Not e Prese s nt 161 Silphium perfoliatum L. var. perfoliatum cup-plant H H 77.78 y Restri e cted s 162 Solanum dulcamara L. var. dulcamara trailing M M 50.52 y Wides nightshade e pread s 163 Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun false spirea U U -- y Com e mon s 164 Spiraea japonica L. f. Japanese M I 62.34 y Not spirea e Prese s nt 165 Stratiotes aloides L. water soldiers N N -- n NA A A o 166 Syringa reticulata (Blume) H.Hara[(=S. amurens tree lilac U U -- n Unkn o own 167 Tanacetum vulgare L. common tansy M L 52.38 y Restri e cted s 168 Trapa natans L. water chestnut V V 82.00 y Restri H H e cted s 169 Tussilago farfara L. coltsfoot M M 57.50 y Com e mon s 170 Ulmus pumila L. Siberian elm M M 52.50 y Wides e pread s 171 Valeriana officinalis L. common M M 62.16 y Not Valerian e Prese s nt 172 Verbena bonariensis L. var. bonariensis purpletop vervain N NA -- n NA A o 173 Veronica beccabunga L. European M L 61 y Not Speedwell .8 e Prese 4 s nt 174 Veronica officinalis L. speedwell, M M 51 y Wides gypsy-weed .9 e pread 5 s 175 Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. linden arrowwood M M 57 y Wides .1 e pread 4 s 176 Viburnum lantana L. wayfaring-tree M L 53 y Restri .7 e cted 5 s 177 Viburnum opulus var. opulus (nonnative variety) European M M 67 y Wides Cranberry Bush .0 e pread 9 s 178 Viburnum setigerum Hance tea viburnum L L 41 y Wides .2 e pread 5 s 179 Viburnum sieboldii Miq. siebold Viburnum M M 62 y Wides .5 e pread 0 s

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Vicia cracca L. s.l. cow vetch M M 54 y Wides 180 .4 e pread 4 s 181 Vinca minor L. periwinkle M M 57 y Wides .1 e pread 4 s 182 Vitex rotundifolia L. f. beach vitex; H H 73 n Not roundleaf .0 o Prese chastetree 0 nt 183 Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet/W. floribunda Chinese wisteria M M 56 y Wides (Willdenow) DC. .7 e pread 0 s

*LIISMA ranks are either the same as the NYS ranks or lower depending on the species' distribution in LIISMA or the likelihood of its future occurrence or expansion. ¥Distribution in LIISMA (if present): Restricted: Occurs in three or fewer natural areas (locations that are at least ¼ mile apart) with no infested area Common: Present in 4–10 natural areas, or with one occupied location >1 acre or containing >100 individuals. Widespread: Present in >10 minimally managed areas. §"Phyllostachys aureosulcata-and-P. aurea, " Arundinaria gigantea do not appear to escape cultivation and establish new occurrences in natural/minimally managed areas; hence species are ranked "Not Assessable." The Relative Maximum Score is retained to document the significant impacts this species may have in natural and cultivated areas resulting from aggressive vegetative spread.

VH species = 32 32 H species = 37 32 M species = 76 73 L species= 11 15 I species = 4 8 NA species = 15 15 U species = 8 8 SUM = 18 183 3

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Figure 6 Conservation Target Overlay Layers (draft) from: NY Audubon, NYS-NHP, HREP, TNC & LHP

Figure 7. Draft HPA layer from IMapNY

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Figure 8 Features added to HPA model: Parking Lots, ROW and Nurseries/Garden Centers

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Figure 9 Draft ISPZ Candidate Regions

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