Advantages of Autogas Over Other Fuels
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Alternative Fuels, Vehicles & Technologies Feasibility
ALTERNATIVE FUELS, VEHICLES & TECHNOLOGIES FEASIBILITY REPORT Prepared by Eastern Pennsylvania Alliance for Clean Transportation (EP-ACT)With Technical Support provided by: Clean Fuels Ohio (CFO); & Pittsburgh Region Clean Cities (PRCC) Table of Contents Analysis Background: .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.0: Introduction – Fleet Feasibility Analysis: ............................................................................................... 3 2.0: Fleet Management Goals – Scope of Work & Criteria for Analysis: ...................................................... 4 Priority Review Criteria for Analysis: ........................................................................................................ 4 3.0: Key Performance Indicators – Existing Fleet Analysis ............................................................................ 5 4.0: Alternative Fuel Options – Summary Comparisons & Conclusions: ...................................................... 6 4.1: Detailed Propane Autogas Options Analysis: ......................................................................................... 7 Propane Station Estimate ......................................................................................................................... 8 (Station Capacity: 20,000 GGE/Year) ........................................................................................................ 8 5.0: Key Recommended Actions – Conclusion -
Reducing Air Emissions Through Alternative Transportation Strategies
Reducing Air Emissions Through Alternative Transportation Strategies New Jersey Clean Air Council Public Hearing April 8, 2014 Hearing Chair: Sara Bluhm Clean Air Council Chair: Joseph Constance Editor: Melinda Dower NJ CAC 2014 Hearing Report Page | 1 New Jersey Clean Air Council Members Joseph Constance, Chairman Kenneth Thoman,Vice-Chairman Leonard Bielory, M.D. Sara Bluhm Manuel Fuentes-Cotto, P.E. Michael Egenton Mohammad “Ferdows” Ali, Ph.D. Howard Geduldig, Esq. Toby Hanna, P.E. Robert Laumbach, M.D. Pam Mount Richard E. Opiekun, Ph.D. James Requa, Ed.D. Nicky Sheats, Esq., Ph.D. Joseph Spatola, Ph.D. New Jersey Clean Air Council Website http://www.state.nj.us/dep/cleanair NJ CAC 2014 Hearing Report Page | 2 Table of Contents Page I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………… 4 II. OVERVIEW ……………………………………………………………………………. 4 III. RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………………………………………….……… 10 IV. SUMMARY OF TESTIMONY† ………………………………………………….…… 14 A. Jim Appleton ………………………………………………..……….…… 14 B. Daniel Birkett ………………………………………………………….… 14 C. Andy Swords ……………………………………….…………………... 14 D. Matt Solomon ……………………………………………………………. 15 E. Julie Becker …………………………………………………..……..…... 16 F. Robert Gibbs, Esq. ………………………………….………………..….. 16 G. William Wells ………………………………………..………………..…. 17 H. Mark Giuffre …………………………………………………………….. 17 I. Jane Kozinski, Asst. Commissioner, NJDEP ……………………………. 18 J. Chuck Feinberg …………………………………………………………. 19 K. Raymond Albrecht, P.E. …………………………………………………. 19 L. Nicky Sheats, Ph.D., Esq.………………………………………………… 20 M. John Iannarelli ……………………………………………………….…. -
Morgan Ellis Climate Policy Analyst and Clean Cities Coordinator DNREC [email protected] 302.739.9053
CLEAN TRANSPORTATION IN DELAWARE WILMAPCO’S OUR TOWN CONFERENCE THE PRESENTATION 1) What are alterative fuels? 2) The Fuels 3) What’s Delaware Doing? WHAT ARE ALTERNATIVE FUELED VEHICLES? • “Vehicles that run on a fuel other than traditional petroleum fuels (i.e. gas and diesel)” • Propane • Natural Gas • Electricity • Biodiesel • Ethanol • Hydrogen THERE’S A FUEL FOR EVERY FLEET! DELAWARE’S ALTERNATIVE FUELS • “Vehicles that run on a fuel other than traditional petroleum fuels (i.e. gas and diesel)” • Propane • Natural Gas • Electricity • Biodiesel • Ethanol • Hydrogen THE FUELS PROPANE • By-Product of Natural Gas • Compressed at high pressure to liquefy • Domestic Fuel Source • Great for: • School Busses • Step Vans • Larger Vans • Mid-Sized Vehicles COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) • Predominately Methane • Uses existing pipeline distribution system to deliver gas • Good for: • Heavy-Duty Trucks • Passenger cars • School Buses • Waste Management Trucks • DNREC trucks PROPANE AND CNG INFRASTRUCTURE • 8 Propane Autogas Stations • 1 CNG Station • Fleet and Public Access with accounts ELECTRIC VEHICLES • Electricity is considered an alternative fuel • Uses electricity from a power source and stores it in batteries • Two types: • Battery Electric • Plug-in Hybrid • Great for: • Passenger Vehicles EV INFRASTRUCTURE • 61 charging stations in Delaware • At 26 locations • 37,000 Charging Stations in the United States • Three types: • Level 1 • Level 2 • D.C. Fast Charging TYPES OF CHARGING STATIONS Charger Current Type Voltage (V) Charging Primary Use Time Level 1 Alternating 120 V 2 to 5 miles Current (AC) per hour of Residential charge Level 2 AC 240 V 10 to 20 miles Residential per hour of and charge Commercial DC Fast Direct Current 480 V 60 to 80 miles (DC) per 20 min. -
Open PDF File, 176.5 KB, for 2018 Mass Clean Cities Annual Report
2018 Transportation Technology Deployment Report: Massachusetts Clean Cities Expanded Edition March 2019 DRAFT The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Clean Cities program advances the nation's economic, environmental, and energy security by supporting local actions to reduce petroleum use in transportation. A national network of nearly 100 Clean Cities coalitions brings together stakeholders in the public and private sectors to deploy alternative and renewable fuels, idle-reduction measures, fuel economy improvements, and new transportation technologies, as they emerge. Every year, each Clean Cities coalition submits to DOE an annual report of its activities and accomplishments for the previous calendar year. Coalition coordinators, who lead the local coalitions, provide information and data via an online database managed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The data characterize membership, funding, projects, and activities of the coalitions. The coordinators also submit data on the sales of alternative fuels, deployment of alternative fuel vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, idle-reduction initiatives, fuel economy activities, and programs to reduce vehicle miles traveled. NREL and DOE analyze the data and translate them into petroleum-use and greenhouse gas reduction impacts for individual coalitions and the program as a whole. This report summarizes those impacts for Massachusetts Clean Cities. To view aggregated data for all local coalitions that participate in the Clean Cities program, visit cleancities.energy.gov/accomplishments. -
A Two-Point Vehicle Classification System
178 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1215 A Two-Point Vehicle Classification System BERNARD C. McCULLOUGH, JR., SrAMAK A. ARDEKANI, AND LI-REN HUANG The counting and classification of vehicles is an important part hours required, however, the cost of such a count was often of transportation engineering. In the past 20 years many auto high. To offset such costs, many techniques for the automatic mated systems have been developed to accomplish that labor counting, length determination, and classification of vehicles intensive task. Unfortunately, most of those systems are char have been developed within the past decade. One popular acterized by inaccurate detection systems and/or classification method, especially in Europe, is the Automatic Length Indi methods that result in many classification errors, thus limiting cation and Classification Equipment method, known as the accuracy of the system. This report describes the devel "ALICE," which was introduced by D. D. Nash in 1976 (1). opment of a new vehicle classification database and computer This report covers a simpler, more accurate system of vehicle program, originally designed for use in the Two-Point-Time counting and classification and details the development of the Ratio method of vehicle classification, which greatly improves classification software that will enable it to surpass previous the accuracy of automated classification systems. The program utilizes information provided by either vehicle detection sen systems in accuracy. sors or the program user to determine the velocity, number Although many articles on vehicle classification methods of axles, and axle spacings of a passing vehicle. It then matches have appeared in transportation journals within the past dec the axle numbers and spacings with one of thirty-one possible ade, most have dealt solely with new types, or applications, vehicle classifications and prints the vehicle class, speed, and of vehicle detection systems. -
Revisiting the Compcars Dataset for Hierarchical Car Classification
sensors Article Revisiting the CompCars Dataset for Hierarchical Car Classification: New Annotations, Experiments, and Results Marco Buzzelli * and Luca Segantin Department of Informatics Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: We address the task of classifying car images at multiple levels of detail, ranging from the top-level car type, down to the specific car make, model, and year. We analyze existing datasets for car classification, and identify the CompCars as an excellent starting point for our task. We show that convolutional neural networks achieve an accuracy above 90% on the finest-level classification task. This high performance, however, is scarcely representative of real-world situations, as it is evaluated on a biased training/test split. In this work, we revisit the CompCars dataset by first defining a new training/test split, which better represents real-world scenarios by setting a more realistic baseline at 61% accuracy on the new test set. We also propagate the existing (but limited) type-level annotation to the entire dataset, and we finally provide a car-tight bounding box for each image, automatically defined through an ad hoc car detector. To evaluate this revisited dataset, we design and implement three different approaches to car classification, two of which exploit the hierarchical nature of car annotations. Our experiments show that higher-level classification in terms of car type positively impacts classification at a finer grain, now reaching 70% accuracy. The achieved performance constitutes a baseline benchmark for future research, and our enriched set of annotations is made available for public download. -
Modelling of Emissions and Energy Use from Biofuel Fuelled Vehicles at Urban Scale
sustainability Article Modelling of Emissions and Energy Use from Biofuel Fuelled Vehicles at Urban Scale Daniela Dias, António Pais Antunes and Oxana Tchepel * CITTA, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal; [email protected] (D.D.); [email protected] (A.P.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 March 2019; Accepted: 13 May 2019; Published: 22 May 2019 Abstract: Biofuels have been considered to be sustainable energy source and one of the major alternatives to petroleum-based road transport fuels due to a reduction of greenhouse gases emissions. However, their effects on urban air pollution are not straightforward. The main objective of this work is to estimate the emissions and energy use from bio-fuelled vehicles by using an integrated and flexible modelling approach at the urban scale in order to contribute to the understanding of introducing biofuels as an alternative transport fuel. For this purpose, the new Traffic Emission and Energy Consumption Model (QTraffic) was applied for complex urban road network when considering two biofuels demand scenarios with different blends of bioethanol and biodiesel in comparison to the reference situation over the city of Coimbra (Portugal). The results of this study indicate that the increase of biofuels blends would have a beneficial effect on particulate matter (PM ) emissions reduction for the entire road network ( 3.1% [ 3.8% to 2.1%] by kg). In contrast, 2.5 − − − an overall negative effect on nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions at urban scale is expected, mainly due to the increase in bioethanol uptake. Moreover, the results indicate that, while there is no noticeable variation observed in energy use, fuel consumption is increased by over 2.4% due to the introduction of the selected biofuels blends. -
Making Markets for Hydrogen Vehicles: Lessons from LPG
Making Markets for Hydrogen Vehicles: Lessons from LPG Helen Hu and Richard Green Department of Economics and Institute for Energy Research and Policy University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Hu: [email protected] Green: [email protected] +44 121 415 8216 (corresponding author) Abstract The adoption of liquefied petroleum gas vehicles is strongly linked to the break-even distance at which they have the same costs as conventional cars, with very limited market penetration at break-even distances above 40,000 km. Hydrogen vehicles are predicted to have costs by 2030 that should give them a break-even distance of less than this critical level. It will be necessary to ensure that there are sufficient refuelling stations for hydrogen to be a convenient choice for drivers. While additional LPG stations have led to increases in vehicle numbers, and increases in vehicles have been followed by greater numbers of refuelling stations, these effects are too small to give self-sustaining growth. Supportive policies for both vehicles and refuelling stations will be required. 1. Introduction While hydrogen offers many advantages as an energy vector within a low-carbon energy system [1, 2, 3], developing markets for hydrogen vehicles is likely to be a challenge. Put bluntly, there is no point in buying a vehicle powered by hydrogen, unless there are sufficient convenient places to re-fuel it. Nor is there any point in providing a hydrogen refuelling station unless there are vehicles that will use the facility. What is the most effective way to get round this “chicken and egg” problem? Data from trials of hydrogen vehicles can provide information on driver behaviour and charging patterns, but extrapolating this to the development of a mass market may be difficult. -
PT & TT Car Classification Form
® NASA Performance Touring (PTD-PTF) & Time Trial (TTD-TTF) Car Classification Form--2018 (v13.1/15.1—1-15-18) Driver or Team Name________________________________ Date______________ Car Number________ Region_____________ e-mail________________________________________ Car Color_______________ If a team, list drivers’ names (two maximum per team): ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Vehicle: Year_______ Make______________ Model___________________ Special Edition?____________ NASA PT/TT Base Class _____________ Base Weight Listing (from PT/TT Rules)______________lbs. Minimum Competition Weight (w/driver)_______________lbs. Multiple ECU Maps? Describe switching method and HP levels:_____________________________________________ DYNO RE-CLASSED VEHICLES Only: (Only complete this section if the vehicle has been Dyno Re-classed by the National PT/TT Director!) New PT/TT Base Class Assigned by the National PT/TT Director:_________(Attach a copy of the re-classing e-mail) Maximum allowed Peak whp_________hp Minimum Competition Weight__________lbs. All cars with a Motor Swap, Aftermarket Forced Induction, Modified Turbo/Supercharger, Aftermarket Head(s), Increased Number of Camshafts, Hybrid Engine, and Ported Rotary motors MUST be assessed by the National PT/TT Director for re-classification into a new PT/TT Base Class! (See PT Rules sections 6.3.C and 6.4) (E-mail the information in the listed format in PT Rules section 6.4.2 to the National PT/TT Director at [email protected] to receive your new PT/TT Base Class) Note: Any car exceeding the Adjusted Weight/Horsepower Ratio limit for its class will be disqualified. (see PT Rules Section 6.1.2 and Appendix A of PT Rules). Proceed to calculate your vehicle’s Modification Points assessment for up-classing purposes. -
Electric Vehicle (EV) Roadmap
County of San Diego Electric Vehicle Roadmap October 2019 County of San Diego Electric Vehicle Roadmap iii County of San Diego Electric Vehicle Roadmap TABLE OF CONTENTS TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 4 SECTION 1: EV POLICY FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................... 6 Summary of Key State Legislation ................................................................................................... 6 Summary of Key County Policies ..................................................................................................... 7 SECTION 2: EV TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET ........................................................................ 12 Summary of Technology and Market .......................................................................................... 12 Education, Outreach, and Regional Collaboration ............................................................... 21 Summary of Best Practices in EV Policy ....................................................................................... 22 Funding and Incentives for Electric Vehicle Market Development .................................... 26 SECTION 3: EV ROADMAP -
Form HSMV 83045
FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAY SAFETY AND MOTOR VEHICLES Application for Registration of a Street Rod, Custom Vehicle, Horseless Carriage or Antique (Permanent) INSTRUCTIONS: COMPLETE APPLICATION AND CHECK APPLICABLE BOX 1 APPLICANT INFORMATION Name of Applicant Applicant’s Email Address Street Address City _ State Zip Telephone Number _ Sex Date of Birth Florida Driver License Number or FEID Number 2 VEHICLE INFORMATION YEAR MAKE BODY TYPE WEIGHT OF VEHICLE COLOR ENGINE OR ID# TITLE# _ PREVIOUS LICENSE PLATE# _ 3 CERTIFICATION (Check Applicable Box) The vehicle described in section 2 is a “Street Rod” which is a modified motor vehicle manufactured prior to 1949. The vehicle meets state equipment and safety requirements that were in effect in this state as a condition of sale in the year listed as the model year on the certificate of title. The vehicle will only be used for exhibition and not for general transportation. A vehicle inspection must be done at a FLHSMV Regional office and the title branded as “Street Rod” prior to the issuance of the Street Rod license plate. The vehicle described in section 2 is a “Custom Vehicle” which is a modified motor vehicle manufactured after 1948 and is 25 years old or older and has been altered from the manufacturer’s original design or has a body constructed from non-original materials. The vehicle meets state equipment and safety requirements that were in effect in this state as a condition of sale in the year listed as the model year on the certificate of title. The vehicle will only be used for exhibition and not for general transportation. -
Car Configuration Setup Guide
Concur Expense: Car Configuration Setup Guide Last Revised: July 21, 2021 Applies to these SAP Concur solutions: Expense Professional/Premium edition Standard edition Travel Professional/Premium edition Standard edition Invoice Professional/Premium edition Standard edition Request Professional/Premium edition Standard edition Table of Contents Section 1: Permissions ................................................................................................ 1 Section 2: Two User Interfaces for Concur Expense End Users .................................... 2 This Guide – What the User Sees ............................................................................ 2 Transition Guide for End Users ................................................................................ 3 Section 3: Overview .................................................................................................... 3 Criteria ..................................................................................................................... 4 Examples of Car Configurations .................................................................................... 4 Dependencies ............................................................................................................ 5 Calculations and Amounts ........................................................................................... 5 Company Car - Variable Rates ................................................................................ 5 Personal Car ........................................................................................................