Hymn of the Day Studies for Propers

THREE-YEAR LECTIONARY THREE-YEAR

THE WORD IN

SongHymn of the Day Studies for PROPERS SERIES C Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are from Quotations from the Lutheran Confessions are from Concordia: the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), The Lutheran Confessions, copyright © 2005, 2006 by copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good Concordia Publishing House. Used by permission. All rights News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. reserved. To purchase a copy of Concordia, call 800-325-3040. Lutheran Service Book © 2006 Concordia Publishing House. This work may be reproduced by a congregation for its own © 2018 Used with permission. use in the study of the Scriptures. Commercial reproduction, The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod Lutheran Service Book Propers of the Day © 2007 Concordia or reproduction for sale, of any portion of this work or of the St. Louis, MO 63122-7295 Publishing House. Used with permission. work as a whole, without the written permission of the copyright holder, is prohibited. lcms.org/worship Quotations from the Small Catechism are © 1986 Concordia Publishing House. THREE-YEAR Hymn of the Day Studies for PROPERS SERIES C LECTIONARY Contents O God, My Faithful God �� 1 In the Very Midst of Life �� 3 From East to West �� 5 When in the Hour of Deepest Need �� 7 Lift High the Cross �� 9 Today Your Mercy Calls Us ��11 O God, O Lord of Heaven and Earth ��13 Rise, Shine, You People ��15 When All the World Was Cursed ��17 “Come, Follow Me,” the Savior Spake ��19 Lord Jesus Christ, the Church’s Head ��21 Jesus Has Come and Brings Pleasure �� 23 Where Charity and Love Prevail �� 25 One Thing’s Needful �� 27 Now All the Vault of Heaven Resounds �� 29 Our Father, Who from Heaven Above ��31 Christ, the Life of All the Living �� 33 Gracious God, You Send Great Blessings �� 35 O Little Flock, Fear Not the Foe �� 37 Lord, Keep Us Steadfast in Your Word �� 39 Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones ��41 A Multitude Comes from the East and the West �� 43 God Has Spoken by His Prophets �� 45 Son of God, Eternal Savior ��47 If Thou But Trust in God to Guide Thee �� 49 How Clear Is Our Vocation, Lord ��51 Jesus Sinners Doth Receive �� 53 Sing, My Tongue, the Glorious Battle �� 55 The Royal Banners Forward Go �� 57 Seek Where You May to Find a Way �� 59 What Is the World to Me ��61 Lord, Thee I Love with All My Heart �� 63 Lord God, to Thee We Give All Praise �� 65 I Know My Faith Is Founded �� 67 Your Hand, O Lord, in Days of Old �� 69 O God of God, O Light of Light ��71 I Trust, O Lord, Your Holy Name �� 73 In God, My Faithful God �� 75 Praise the Almighty �� 77 O Christ, Who Called the Twelve �� 79 How Firm a Foundation ��81 A Mighty Fortress Is Our God �� 83 Salvation unto Us Has Come �� 85 For All the Saints �� 87 From God Can Nothing Move Me �� 89 The Day Is Surely Drawing Near ��91 Lord, Enthroned in Heavenly Splendor �� 93 O God, My Faithful God Lutheran Service Book 696 | study by Allen D. Lunneberg

Introduction This hymn is a prayer for strength and guidance in the daily In the narrow sense, however, sanctification is the inter- living of the Christian life. As such, it is about the doctrine nal spiritual transformation of the believer. It begins with of sanctification. The term “sanctification” has both a wide faith and only thereafter issues good works. and narrow sense. In the wide sense, it includes all that ❚❚ How important is living a Christian life compared to the Holy Spirit does in creating faith in the heart and the simply believing in Christ? living of a holy life. Luther, in the Large Catechism, speaks of sanctification in the wide sense simply by quoting the ❚❚ How do justification and sanctification differ? creed as the method and means by which the Holy Spirit ❚❚ Does sanctification play a part in obtaining salvation? makes a person holy, namely, by the Christian Church, the ❚❚ Is sanctification in this life perfect or imperfect? forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body and the life everlasting.

Exploring the Scriptures The first thing that should be said is that sanctification, or It should always be remembered that, whereas justification, holy living, is God’s will for His people. “For this is the will or salvation, is totally the gift and work of God without our of God, your sanctification” (1 Thess. 4:3). As such, God also cooperation, sanctification involves active cooperation. But produces this as a gift through the means of grace. the good works of Christians are done not in the hope of gaining salvation, but as a response out of love and thanks- “From this evidence the following is certain: as soon as giving for God’s gift of salvation. the Holy Spirit has begun His work of regeneration and Many Christian people complain, “I just can’t be patient.” renewal in us through the Word and holy Sacraments, Yet the truth is that this is part of the “fruit of the Spirit.” we can and should cooperate through His power, al- God desires to give and work in the Christian’s heart, “But though still in great weakness. This cooperation does not the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, come from our fleshly natural powers, but from the new goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control; against powers and gifts that the Holy Spirit has begun in us in such things there is no law” (Gal. 5:22–23). conversion. St. Paul clearly and eagerly encourages that ❚❚ Does failure in holy living necessarily affect a person’s “working together with Him, then, we appeal to you not salvation? Can it ever? to receive the grace of God in vain” [2 Corinthians 6:1]. But this is to be understood in no other way than the fol- ❚❚ The essence of the marriage vow is, “I promise to be lowing: the converted person does good to such an extent faithful to you.” Is it possible to keep this vow perfectly? and as long as God by His Holy Spirit rules, guides, and Is unfaithfulness forgivable? leads him” (FC SD II 65–66, 532).

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ What is it about illness or other afflictions that move us to This hymn was written by Pastor Johann Heermann prayer possibly more than usual? (1585–1647) during a most difficult time in his life, between 1623 and 1630, when he was plagued by various bodily Text afflictions. It is a prayer, a genuine cry of faith from the The first stanza clearly states the basis for the prayer, con- Christian’s heart, based on the confession of God’s prom- fessing God’s faithfulness (James 1:17; Ps. 36:9). The prayer ised faithfulness and goodness. As a preacher he was also for “a healthy frame” is for physical health and strength. concerned with speaking the truth without unnecessarily Sin is identified as the root cause of illness or trouble. offending the weak. We also have received from his pen the Everything depends on the forgiveness of sins (James hymns “O Dearest Jesus, What Law Hast Thou Broken” 5:14–16). (LSB 439), and “O Christ, Our True and Only Light” Stanza 2 continues as a prayer for strength to do ev- (LSB 839). erything required by “My calling,” that is, my vocation or

Proper 3C, Proper 15B and the Fourth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 1 station in life. The “success” promised is in the confidence The final two stanzas put the Christian life in perspective, that “for those who love God all things work together for that of our mortality and our hope for the resurrection of good, for those who are called according to his purpose” the dead and the life of the world to come (1 Cor. 7:29–31; (Rom. 8:28). Heb. 13:14; Rom. 8:18–25). ❚❚ To what extent do we take our health for granted and Stanza 5 is a prayer that God would keep us faithful, even neglect giving thanks to God for His gifts? unto death (Rev. 2:10), even looking forward to that day as “a Sabbath rest for the people of God, for whoever has ❚❚ What are some of the duties of your vocation or station entered God’s rest has also rested from his works” (Heb. in life? 4:9–10). That our bodies should have “A quiet resting place / Whereas the first two stanzas are concerned about actions, Within a Christian grave” and “sleep in peace” views death stanzas 3 and 4 are concerned about the power of words from our point of view. But is death such a “sleep”? Read 1 and speech. Words that “later need recalling” and “idle Thess. 4:13–18, especially the last phrase of verse 17. speech” recall the ability of the tongue to inflict damage on Beyond death, Christian hope looks forward to the day of the neighbor (Rom. 15:1–3; James 3:2–10). But words can be the resurrection of the body and the life everlasting. That gracious and kind, serving to strengthen the neighbor (Eph. “final day” will see “all the dead” waking (Matt. 25:31–32). 4:29; Prov. 15:1). And we will hear the Lord’s voice, as Jesus promised, Not that, however, “hard” words are never to be spo- “Truly, truly, I say to you, an hour is coming, and is now ken. Part of the preacher’s task according to St. Paul is to here, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, “rebuke” (1 Tim. 5:20; 2 Tim. 4:2). The task is to speak with and those who hear will live” (John 5:25). The hymn ends God’s grace attached, that is, always in hope that words of with a note of joy for those who have been baptized into the discipline will benefit the other. name of God. ❚❚ Think of a time you said something to someone that you ❚❚ How does a biblical faith comfort and give confidence later wished you had not said. Did you (or could you) later to you even concerning the death of a loved one or your do something about it? own death? ❚❚ What are some situations when you “must and ought to speak” “hard” words or “rebuke”?

Making the Connection Holy living, or the everyday life of the Christian, rests in Baptism where He calls us forth every day anew. In this his or her connection with and confidence in the faithful- grace we look forward to our eternal rest and the joy of life ness of God. It includes receiving the benefits of this life everlasting with the Lord. with thanksgiving and being a blessing to the benefit of ❚❚ How does this hymn and prayer comfort or others. While our sanctification is never perfect in this life encourage you? and even can seem to disappear in the face of trials and troubles, God calls us to daily repentance, returning to our ❚❚ What is more important, faithful living of the Christian life or reaching the goal of a Christian death?

In Closing “For this is the will of God, your sanctification” (1 Thess. Prayer 4:3). We will never be perfect in this life. That’s why we O Lord, grant that the course of this world may be so have the daily forgiveness of sins. But we do live “set apart” peaceably ordered by Your governance that Your Church (holy) as God’s people to bring His light and forgiveness and may joyfully serve You in all godly quietness; through Jesus joy to others. Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 696. Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for the Fourth Sunday after Trinity).

Proper 3C, Proper 15B and the Fourth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 2 In the Very Midst of Life Lutheran Service Book 755 | study by Scott R. Schilbe

Introduction We don’t have to look too far beyond ourselves and our Today’s hymn, “In the Very Midst of Life,” forces us to loved ones to understand that death surrounds us. The confront living in a sinful world, while also providing as- pressures of feeling age limiting our bodies or of seeing our surance that our holy and mighty God is the only one who loved ones mentally or physically decline burden us with eternally saves us from it. feelings of hopelessness. We feel hopeless because we can do ❚❚ In your life, do you feel that the “Pow’rs of hell” (st. 2) nothing to escape the situation. Our bodies, not to mention overtake you? How? the natural disasters we witness through television and the internet, point us to the reality that the present world is ❚❚ To what refuges do you think people turn in times of fading away. We truly are living in the midst of death’s vale. need? Are these refuges outside the church?

Exploring the Scriptures In the Bible are many accounts of individuals who felt death ❚❚ How does Heb. 2:14–15, 18 help you when you struggle surrounding them and their families. with sin and death “In the very midst of life”? ❚❚ Read Luke 7:1–10 and Mark 5:21–43. In each account, ❚❚ How does a faith that rests on Jesus speak in situations of identify the person feeling burdened and the serious apparent despair and tragedy? Read Lam. 3:22–33. situation that was faced. ❚❚ Despite the unpleasant reality of living on earth, what ❚❚ According to 2 Cor. 1:8–10, for what beneficial purpose eternal hope does Is. 51:11 and Rev. 21:1–4 offer you? can God use our burdens?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ How did Noah witness the snare of death surrounding According to tradition, stanza 1 existed before Martin him? Read Gen. 7:21–24. Luther (1483–1546) wrote stanzas 2 and 3. These two addi- ❚❚ How did God deal with Noah’s environment? Read tional stanzas clearly confess the Christian’s refuge during Gen. 8:1. gloomy times of life: Jesus and His mercy. Discuss how Luther’s call to take refuge in the holy and ❚❚ How did Noah react to his situation? Read Heb. 11:7; all-merciful Savior becomes more personal after reflecting Gen. 8:10. upon the following significant situations of Luther’s life: In stanza 2, death is portrayed as a valley through which we ❚ ❚ His conflicts with the Roman Catholic Church and the currently walk. emperor of the Holy Roman Empire after posting the 95 Theses, conflicts resulting in his condemnation after the ❚❚ How do the famous words of Ps. 23:4 help you realize that Diet of Worms. “death” is much more than the moment of physical death? ❚❚ Luther’s family tragedies, especially living under the ❚❚ What, according to Paul, is the source of this “vale” (Rom. threat of deadly disease in 1527, and enduring the death 8:20; Rom. 5:12)? Who is your hope while living in this of two daughters, Elisabeth in 1528 and Magdalena vale (Rom. 5:15–17; Ps. 23:4)? in 1542. In stanza 3, death is portrayed as utter woe. Again, Luther Text indicates that death is more than physical death; it is utter This hymn provides interesting ways of describing death. devastation. In stanza 1, death is described as an enemy, a snare eager ❚❚ Contemplate times of your life when you’ve felt deeply to trap us into fear and despair. However, repentant of distressed. our sinfulness, we flee to the only hope, the only holy God. ❚❚ Briefly review Jesus’ passion. How did Jesus Himself Because of our holy and merciful Savior, we have nothing experience utter woe and devastation? For what reason to fear. did Jesus experience it?

Proper 4C, Proper 8B and the Twenty-Fourth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 3 Making the Connection As you examine the hymn, note that each stanza begins by Examine these two hymn phrases and discuss the related sounding the realistic note of despair, yet each stanza ends questions. by clearly pointing the singer to the merciful Savior. In this ❚❚ “We mourn that we have greatly erred” (st. 1). In what way, the hymn text parallels our natural feelings when con- ways do you express your contriteness over sin? fronting a crisis. It first gives voice to our hopelessness but then provides needed focus by pointing to Jesus. ❚❚ “Lord, preserve and keep us / In the peace that faith can The hymn guides us as we cope with suffering either in give” (st. 3). By what means does God preserve you in our lives or in the lives of others. It guides us to Jesus and the faith? to His atoning work. And it also guides us to repent of our ❚❚ Choose a perplexing phrase from the hymn and discuss fears and to cling to the ways in which God preserves us. its meaning.

In Closing Indeed, we constantly endure the sadness of living in a sin- Prayer ful world. This hymn helps us confront that reality, while at Almighty, everlasting God, Your Son has assured forgive- the same time it helps us look beyond that reality and cling ness of sins and deliverance from eternal death. Strengthen to Jesus. Our holy and righteous God does show His mercy us by Your Holy Spirit that our faith in Christ may increase to us and saves, preserves and keeps us! daily and that we may hold fast to the hope that on the Last ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 755. Day we shall be raised in glory to eternal life; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen (Hope of eternal life in Christ, LSB, p. 313).

Proper 4C, Proper 8B and the Twenty-Fourth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 4 From East to West Lutheran Service Book 385 | study by Larry A. Peters

Introduction Christmas is a season of paradoxes: A virgin bears a son The Hymn of the Day for both the Second Sunday after … the Lord of creation finds no room in the inn … God Christmas and the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin to delivers His Son and the world sleeps … angels announce Elizabeth is an old one. As we sing it, we add our voices to it to shepherds … the King born to sit on David’s throne is the myriad of those who came before us, who met the mys- welcomed by Magi … the King of kings is born to be the tery of the incarnation with joyful faith. servant of all. This Christmas hymn picks up many of these ❚❚ How do we fulfill the promise of these words today? paradoxes and puts them into our mouths to sing. Though we want to reconcile these seeming contradictions so that ❚❚ Look out at the Church assembled on Christmas Eve and things are nice, neat and tidy, the Church is called simply to see there the assembly of nations at the manger. Where confess them and own them by faith. do we fit into the words?

Exploring the Scriptures The Readings appointed for Christmas 2 and the Visitation ❚❚ How did God protect His Son and the Gospel from His are very different. Christmas 2 begins with Joseph, son of enemies? Jacob, bringing his family to Egypt for a surprise re- ❚❚ How does Mary’s song tie the two events together? union (Gen. 46:1–7). The suffering of Joseph had a godly end—faith that trusts God’s gracious will is vindicated ❚❚ How did God vindicate those who trusted in Him? (1 Pet. 4:12–19). Matt. 2:13–23 records another Joseph, the carpenter of Nazareth, being warned and taking Mary and Mary placed herself under God’s merciful care when reason Jesus to a safe refuge in Egypt while a crazed and fearful and emotion would have led her to panic and fear. We too Herod orders a murderous rampage. In contrast to this, the face suffering and upset, things that defy reason or explana- Visitation begins with Israel’s dead stump and the shoot tion, and inspire doubt and anxiety. God sends forth in His Son (Is. 11:1–5). It moves to the call ❚❚ Can we trust God in all things? to trust the Lord and remain patient in tribulation (Rom. ❚❚ Will God really work all things for our good? 12:9–16). In the Gospel, Luke records the details of Blessed Mary’s visit to her cousin Elizabeth (herself surprised to ❚❚ Is this what we meet in Bethlehem? Is this exactly the be pregnant with John the Forerunner). It culminates in example of God working good from what the world would Mary’s song, the Magnificat (Luke 1:39–56). write off as something to be avoided? ❚❚ What do we find in common in both pericopes? ❚❚ Joseph and Mary trusted in the Lord when everything else said to fear. They were moved by this trust to joy in ❚❚ How did God turn Joseph’s suffering into good? God’s promise. How do we meet life’s challenges with the same holy joy in the Lord?

Exploring the Hymn Background The hymn was well known, appointed in the prayer book Little is known about Coelius Sedulius (c. 450), the author of priests (breviary) for Christmas. LSB 385 is the second of this hymn. He probably lived in Rome. A convert to version, by translator John Ellerton (1826–1893). The trans- Christianity, he most probably remained a layman (though lation is more thematic than literal. some suggest he was ordained). Though his writings were ❚❚ How does it feel singing a hymn that was sung for more well known and popular, only two of his hymns survive. than 1500 years prior to your singing it today? This hymn text is part of an acrostic poem of twenty-eight stanzas arranged according to the Latin alphabet. We have Text an eighth-century edition of the full text. The poem gave “From lands that see the sun arise / To earth’s remotest birth to two hymns: LSB 399, “The Star Proclaims the King boundaries” became “From east to west, from shore to Is Here” and LSB 385, “From East to West.” shore ...” when the Latin became an English text. Like

The Visitation, July 2 and the Second Sunday after Christmas | Three-Year Lectionary 5 the call of the psalmist, this hymn summons the singer to ❚❚ How do we own this mystery? awaken to God’s merciful purpose hidden in everything that happens and to respond with the joyful praise of those God cannot be contained in temples or buildings built with who trust He knows what He is doing. hands, but He has chosen to live in our flesh and bone — ❚❚ How is Christ’s birth an event for the whole world and not born like us in every way except sin. Mary is the “chosen merely for those who believe in it? vessel” (st. 3) of Christ’s humanity — He takes His flesh from her. ❚❚ “The holy child whom Mary bore” (st. 1) is not the Savior ❚ of the few but the Redeemer of the whole world. How ❚ Compare Luke 1:47–50 with stanza 3. How are they does the appearance of the Magi emphasize this from the parallel? What is Mary’s greatness (Luke 1:49)? very beginning of the Gospel’s story? ❚❚ Early Christian heresies tried to downplay Mary’s role. ❚❚ Note the paradox of Christ the King, who is born of a Orthodox Christianity has refuted this, insisting that lowly virgin and laid in a manger (Luke 1:35; 2:7). What Mary is Theotokos, God-Bearer, Mother of God. How does this say about our Lord? His ministry? The promise does this confess the biblical truth? Is this for Mary’s of salvation? benefit or does this protect the truth of the Son of God and His incarnation? The heart of the Christmas message is the great mystery of ❚❚ What kind of honor to Mary detracts from Jesus and the incarnation. God takes flesh, wears a diaper and nurses dishonors her own words? What kind of honor rightly at Mary’s breast. This is a scandal to many, a conundrum honors both Mary and Jesus? to some and a stumbling block to others. Note the way the hymn avoids explaining and instead confesses this great Note the unlikely visitors to the manger: shepherds. This mystery. is no accident. Christ was born to fulfill God’s promise to ❚❚ Can one confess Christ without explaining the shepherd His people (Ezek. 34). “He will tend His flock like unexplainable mystery of the incarnation? a shepherd” (Is. 40:11). ❚ ❚❚ How do we confess this in the creeds? ❚ How important are shepherds to this story? ❚ ❚❚ Notice stanza 2; instead of explaining the how, why is ❚ What comfort comes from knowing Christ was born to confessed: “His fallen creatures all to save.” shepherd God’s people and lead us home to Him?

Making the Connection This hymn confronts us with the fact that Christmas is not ❚❚ Can you get to the cross without the manger? Can you get just for Christians. We say it in the Nicene Creed: “who for the manger without the cross? us men and for our salvation He came down from heaven ... ❚❚ Is there a Savior who is not born of the Virgin by the Holy (LSB, 191). It is one thing to say it but another to meet it in Spirit? Is there a Savior incarnate for only the few? Does the diverse faces of those who gather as the children of God. Christmas ultimately lead to Calvary? The cross is the means through which the many are made one and redemption is made for all people. ❚❚ To call Mary blessed is to believe in Jesus her Son. In what way is Mary, who first believed in Christ, the mother of all believers?

In Closing So we meet the paradox. God comes in flesh through the Prayer Blessed Virgin Mary. He is come for all or He comes for Almighty God, You chose the virgin Mary to be the mother none. The Virgin sees this glory and calls us to stand before of Your Son and made known through her Your gracious the manger, recognizing God in flesh and blood, rejoicing regard for the poor and lowly and despised. Grant that we in the grace given to us there, and trusting in Him for our may receive Your Word in humility and faith, and so be salvation. Here is the shepherd the Father sent to save His made one with Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives people, and from east to west we come. and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 385. forever. Amen (Collect for the Visitation).

The Visitation, July 2 and the Second Sunday after Christmas | Three-Year Lectionary 6 When in the Hour of Deepest Need Lutheran Service Book 615 | study by Larry A. Peters

Introduction A wise pastor once advised a young man just beginning in Today’s hymn confronts the questions, fears and wounds the ministry: “Preach to pain and need, and you will never of this life directly. Its title directs us to where we can turn have a shortage of hearers.” Pain, need, want and fear are “when in the hour of deepest need.” the common companions of daily life. Where do we turn ❚❚ What are some of the greatest needs that you have faced for aid? In our moments of greatest need, faith finds its in life? greatest urgency. God has always invited us to “call upon [Him] in the day ❚❚ What does it say about the God who delights in standing of trouble” (Ps. 50:15) and promised to be our “very present with His people in their weakness and anguish? help in trouble” (Ps. 46:1). The hymns that remind us of ❚❚ Can we Christians expect to be freed from every ill (st. 5)? God’s presence with us in time of need and that His grace is When does this full deliverance come to us? Does God sufficient for that need are among the most treasured of all require anything of us before delivering us from our fears, the Church’s songs. troubles and needs?

Exploring the Scriptures This hymn was penned by Paul Eber (1511–69), but it healing or raising the dead. Read Matt. 15:21–28 and Luke flowed from a Latin hymn written by his teacher, Joachim 7:11–17. Camerarius (1500–74). Both hymns are based upon the ❚❚ How does illness or death challenge our faith? great prayer of King Jehoshaphat. Read this prayer in 2 Chron. 20:6–12. ❚❚ In both instances, the Lord showed “compassion” to those wounded by death and disease. Can we still be confident ❚ ❚ What does verse 6 tell us about God? What does it mean of His compassion in the same situations today? How do that He is the God whom “none is able to withstand”? we know this? How does that address us in our need? ❚❚ In verse 9, we hear the king say of God, “You will hear Read Psalm 30. and save.” Are these just brave words in the face of ❚❚ Verse 7 says, “You hid your face; I was dismayed.” Does it trouble, or is this faith speaking? seem that sometimes God does hide His face from us in ❚❚ At the end of verse 12, we read: “We do not know what to our need? Why or why not? do, but our eyes are on you.” Are these words a reflection ❚❚ In verse 5, we are told, “Weeping may tarry for the of your own faith? Why or why not? night, but joy comes with the morning.” How have you experienced this truth in your own life? This hymn is appointed for Proper 5C, Proper 15A and Lent 2, On each of these Sundays, the lessons describe Jesus

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ How might this hymn have been a personal response to Paul Eber was among the most gifted of the Wittenberg all the troubles and trials of life endured by its author? poets and hymn writers. He suffered childhood illness, was ❚❚ How might this hymn have contributed to the calm and handicapped after being thrown from a horse, buried all support of a people caught in fear at the military threat of but two of his 14 children, and endured blistering theologi- their emperor? cal attacks. Though we know little of the circumstances surrounding Text the composition of this hymn, one of its first known uses Read the stanzas of this hymn again. Compare them to the was in a service that was a call to prayer issued by Johannes prayer recorded in 2 Chron. 20:6–12. See how the hymn Bugenhagen on Ascension Day 1547, after Emperor Charles stanzas connect to the verses from Scripture. V demanded that the city of Wittenberg lay down its arms.

Proper 5C, Proper 15A and the Second Sunday in Lent (One-Year Lectionary) | Three-Year Lectionary 7 ❚❚ What passages come to mind that share this same theme It is a common image to describe sin as a sickness or illness and perspective? Read Rom. 8:31–39. both in Scripture and in hymnody. ❚❚ How might we describe sin as an illness or sickness? Look at where the hymn writer locates the source of our comfort. ❚❚ How did we acquire it? Is it treatable or fatal? ❚ ❚ Is the throne referenced in stanza 2 the throne of the Take a look at the psalms to see how often the author begins cross or the throne of God in heaven? Or is it both? with a description of great need but then turns to thanksgiving to God for His merciful deliverance by the end of the Stanza 3 directs us to the promises of God and to Him psalm. See how this is mirrored in this hymn by the content whose name alone is great. We call Jesus the Word of God and tone of the sixth stanza. and the fulfiller of His promises. We also call Jesus the one name under heaven and on earth by which anyone will be ❚❚ Is the closing thought of thanksgiving because the author saved (Acts 4:12). has already witnessed God’s intervention and seen evidence of His deliverance? Or is it because he has such ❚ ❚ Is this reference to Jesus implicit or explicit? Does the confidence that the Lord will deliver him that he does not Christian always see God through the lens of Jesus need to see the outcome to know it will happen? Christ? Why or why not? ❚❚ Do you need to see the outcome of God’s action at work in What do we have to offer the Lord? With this question, the your life before you offer Him praise, or are you confident hymn frames our definition of “need.” enough of His mercy that you trust Him to make “all things work together for good” (Rom. 8:28)? ❚❚ What do we have to offer God besides our fears and woes? When we lay them down before the Lord, it is an exercise ❚❚ In the Small Catechism, Luther tells us that for all that of faith — not only that God will not be turned away by God has done, it is our duty to “thank and praise, serve them, but that He will answer them with mercy. and obey Him” (LSB, p. 322). How is obedience and praise a fitting response to God’s grace and mercy in our ❚ ❚ Is sin just one of our woes and fears, or is it the cause of lives? Are obedience and praise the prerequisites of God’s them all? intervention, or are they our response to His gracious presence and deliverance?

Making the Connection Our lives are very different from Jehoshaphat or Paul Eber, ❚❚ How is our Savior the advocate we can turn to in time of yet our lives are still touched by adversity and need. Even need? See 1 John 5:3–4. with all our choices, all our technology and all our advance- ❚❚ The hymn writer says, “Cast down, we stand.” How is this ments, we so often find ourselves not knowing “where to possible? See Rom. 5:1–5. look for aid” (st. 1). ❚❚ Is there a connection between our sufferings and the ❚ ❚ What are the biggest things that cause you fear, misery or sufferings of Christ? See 2 Cor. 5:5. anxiety today?

In Closing “Preach to pain and need, and you will never have a short- ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 615. age of hearers.” This is no less true today than it was 500 years ago when this hymn was written, or even earlier when Prayer Jehoshaphat prayed these words. The challenge to faith O God, You see that of ourselves we have no strength. By continues to be the questions of whether our sufferings Your mighty power defend us from all adversities that may matter to God and if He can and will deliver us. The lens happen to the body and from all evil thoughts that may as- through which we see our sufferings is always the cross sault and hurt the soul; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our — where Jesus suffered on our behalf. Just as God’s good Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, will and purpose were not confounded by His suffering one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for the Second but hidden there, so faith finds opportunity in our great- Sunday in Lent). est needs. In the hand of God, these become the fruitful moments when we grow in that grace which is sufficient for our every need.

Proper 5C, Proper 15A and the Second Sunday in Lent (One-Year Lectionary) | Three-Year Lectionary 8 Lift High the Cross Lutheran Service Book 837 | study by Paul J. Cain

Introduction L God forbid that I should glory, ❚❚ Does your congregation have a processional cross? If so, C save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ. how is it used? ❚❚ What crosses are visible in your congregation’s One of the authors of this hymn, Michael Newbolt (1874– 1956), intended “Lift High the Cross” be used as a pro- ❚❚ sanctuary? cessional hymn. The 1916 version of the text calls for the ❚❚ What does it mean to “lift high the cross?” versicle and response above to be said when first entering the chancel at the beginning of Divine Service.

Exploring the Scriptures Read John 12:27–36 and John 3:14–21. ❚❚ What is the importance of a signal, ensign or flag on a ❚❚ What is the purpose of Jesus’ death? battlefield (cf. v. 10)? How does the cross have a similar function for Christians? ❚❚ What kind of death was He going to die under Jewish law ❚ (cf. Acts 7:54–60)? Under Roman law? ❚ Reconsider verses 12–16. What is the gathering mission focus in these verses? ❚❚ What do these two texts have in common? What is the Old Testament connection here? Read Matt. 16:24–28. ❚ Read Heb. 13:10–21. ❚ What would it profit a man if he gained the whole world for the price of his soul? ❚❚ “Sacrifices Pleasing to God” is the description of this ❚ section of Scripture in the English Standard Version. ❚ Where does Jesus of Nazareth reign as King of the Jews? How were sacrifices done before? Why is Jesus the end to ❚❚ How does the dialog in Matt. 16:21–23 put Jesus’ later those sacrifices? How is His sacrifice acceptable to God? words here in context? How are we acceptable to God? ❚❚ Why was the cross offensive to Peter? Why is it offensive ❚❚ What sacrifice of sanctification do Christians offer in to the world? Why is it sometimes offensive to us? thanks to God? Read Acts 11:19–30; 13:1–3, the appointed Second Reading Read Is. 11:1–16. for St. Barnabas. ❚❚ Why is David’s father Jesse mentioned in verse 1? ❚❚ How did Barnabas lift high the cross? ❚❚ What parts of this chapter speak to Jesus’ earthly ❚❚ What challenges and opportunities did he and the early ministry? Which sections speak to Jesus’ return on the Christians face? Last Day and what life will be like then?

Exploring the Hymn Background Newbolt’s revision first appeared in the 1916 Supplement “Lift High the Cross” in its current form in LSB is the of Hymns Ancient and Modern with an original tune. work of both George W. Kitchin (1827–1912) and Michael The revision turned Kitchin’s first stanza into the refrain. R. Newbolt. Several of Newbolt’s twelve stanzas survive as stanzas 3, 4 Kitchin wrote a four-stanza hymn (now used as the and 5 in LSB (they were stanzas 4, 8 and 9 respectively in refrain and stanzas 1, 2 and 6) for use at a Society for Newbolt’s revision). the Propagation of the Gospel Festival in Winchester ❚❚ Does this hymn’s text remind you of “Onward Christian Cathedral, Hampshire, England in June 1887. Soldiers”? Why?

St. Barnabas, Apostle, June 11 | Three-Year Lectionary 9 ❚❚ Do you think the author(s) had in mind Roman Emperor “All newborn soldiers of the Crucified” (st. 3) is rich with Constantine’s vision as recorded in Life of Constantine the language of the rebirth of Holy Baptism, including “the by Eusebius, In hoc signo vinces (In this sign you shall seal of Him who died” “on their brows.” conquer)? ❚❚ Who are the hosts of God?

Lutheran Service Book provides Leopoldo Gros’ Spanish ❚❚ What is the “seal” of “All newborn soldiers of the translation of a five-stanza version of the text with refrain. Crucified”? ❚ ❚ How does the inclusion of a Spanish translation return In stanza 4, Jesus draws believers to Himself as He is lifted the hymn to its original 1887 purpose? up. Salvation is as narrow as the cross alone, but also as ❚❚ How does the hymn anticipate on earth the song of the wide as His arms open in welcome. whole Church in heaven? Stanza 5 presents the salvific worldview of the entire Scriptures, including Isaiah, Matthew and Revelation, of Text God blessing Israel so that Israel would be a blessing to Stanza 1 echoes the militarism of “Onward, Christian people of all tribes, nations and languages for the sake of Soldiers” and the Church Militant. The Church is at war their salvation. The Christian Church, the new Israel of the with the devil, the world and the sinful human flesh of Lord, proclaims salvation in Christ to the Jew first and also Christian sinners/saints. This stanza, due to a current bias to the Gentile, “all nations” (Matt. 28:19), “everyone whom against male, royal or military imagery, is often omitted in the Lord our God calls to himself” (Acts 2:39). other hymnals. ❚❚ How is the cross exclusive? How is the cross inclusive? ❚❚ What is lost if this stanza is omitted or reworded? ❚❚ Why is victory important in the battle against the devil, Stanza 6 concludes “our song of triumph” with praise to the world and our own sinful flesh? Christ alone for victory because of the cross, lifted high in thanksgiving and witness. The vision of Constantine is clearest in stanza 2. “The hosts ❚❚ How is the cross both the source of our triumph and our of God” can refer to angels and archangels and all the com- song of triumph? pany of heaven as well as singers here on earth. ❚❚ LSB recommends that the refrain be sung in unison and the stanzas in harmony. How does this musical arrangement amplify the hymn’s message?

Making the Connection The cross is an ideal image to communicate the love of Christians return to their vocations and tell the good news Christ, for Calvary is where the forgiveness of sins was about Jesus. The name of Jesus is important because there won. This hymn is sung in the context of Divine Service, is no other name under heaven that saves. where the forgiveness of sins is delivered in Holy Baptism, ❚❚ Where was forgiveness won? Instead of returning there Holy Absolution, the Holy Gospel and Holy Communion and then, where is forgiveness delivered? through the Office of the Holy Ministry. Forgiven by Christ,

In Closing Some congregations may have a sign that reads “You are Prayer now entering the mission field” that is visible when leaving Almighty God, Your faithful servant Barnabas sought not the church parking lot. In addition to being an ideal proces- his own renown but gave generously of his life and sub- sional hymn, “Lift High the Cross” is a natural recessional stance for the encouragement of the apostles and their hymn, sending a congregation off to enter the mission field. ministry. Grant that we may follow his example in lives giv- ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 837. en to charity and the proclamation of the Gospel; through Your Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for St. Barnabas, Apostle).

St. Barnabas, Apostle, June 11 | Three-Year Lectionary 10 Today Your Mercy Calls Us Lutheran Service Book 915 | study by Bruce E. Keseman

Introduction Four-year-old Tony is caked in mud. Roughly five minutes clothes. That’s when he heard, “Tony, come here.” Tony before, he walked out the front door with his father and didn’t want to go to his father. A day earlier, Dad warned sister, ready for church. His little sister tripped and skinned him not to go near the mud. Tony wished he had obeyed. her hand. Dad went inside to tend to her, asking Tony to sit Tony was sorry, but he knew he deserved to be punished. at the picnic table. Tony did as he was told until he noticed His father, however, took a damp cloth, washed Tony clean, the inviting dirt pile at the edge of the garden, recently and provided a clean outfit. Tony thought, “I’m sure glad I soaked by several inches of rain. came to Dad when he called.” Tony didn’t intend to get messy, but by the time he ❚❚ How is Tony’s experience with the mud similar to our reached the dirt pile, his shoes had sunk in the soft soil. experience with sin? Why do we end up caked in sin even When he reached down to steady himself, one hand and when we have no intention of getting dirty? then the other ended up in the muck. Mud splashed on his face. Tony made matters worse by wiping his face with his ❚❚ What connections do you see between Tony’s story and filthy hand and then wiping that hand on his nice Sunday the true story of David (2 Sam. 11:26–12:14)?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Luke 7:36–8:3, today’s Gospel. Old Testament proph- ❚❚ What is the point of Jesus’ story? Which character ets, priests and kings were anointed by having oil poured represents the woman? Simon? You? on their heads. This woman anoints the Prophet, Priest and King for burial by applying ointment to His feet. Jesus says we can tell that the woman’s sins are forgiven ❚❚ Is the woman the sort of person you’d invite for a meal? because she loves much. (Her love doesn’t prompt God’s Why or why not? forgiveness; instead, God’s forgiveness prompts her love.) ❚ ❚❚ In their society, letting her hair hang loose implied a ❚ What might that imply about Mary Magdalene and the woman had loose morals. Why do you suppose Jesus other women (Luke 8:1–3)? About our lives? condoned (and even praised) her behavior? Was her ❚❚ How would you answer the question of the guests in attitude sinful? Luke 7:49? ❚❚ Is the Pharisee’s comment in verse 39 accurate? Explain.

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ What phrases in the hymn are especially meaningful to Oswald Allen (1816–78), the author of “Today Your Mercy you? Why? Calls Us,” suffered from spinal problems. He also under- ❚❚ When have “heart and eye run o’er” (st. 4) in your life? stood another affliction — sin. Allen’s original text used sin- What troubles “drive us to despair” (st. 4)? gular rather than plural pronouns: “Today Thy mercy calls me / To wash away my sin; / However great my trespass, / ❚❚ Why might the hymnist repeat the word “today” three Whate’er I might have been” (emphasis added). times? (See Heb. 3:7–15.) ❚ ❚ What advantages might the original wording have? The hymn reminds us that God’s mercy calls us. Mercy ❚❚ What appropriate reasons might hymnal editors have for is compassion that comes to the rescue of someone who altering the words for use in public worship? cannot help himself. Read Is.1:18, which helps explain God’s mercy to us. It associates scarlet and crimson with sin, Text maybe because dark red dyes tend to stain clothing perma- Read through “Today Your Mercy Calls Us” (LSB 915). nently. Ironically, while blood is the last thing we would use Identify the primary point of each stanza. as detergent on stained clothing, Jesus’ blood can “make us ❚❚ What theme seems to tie the hymn together? clean today” (st. 1) — you could say it contains “redding for extra whiteness” (to paraphrase an old commercial).

Proper 6C | Three-Year Lectionary 11 ❚❚ How does the hymn (especially st. 1) reflect Is. 1:18? intends to return as his dad’s slave, but dad welcomes him ❚❚ Considering the message of stanza 1, how would you as a full son. respond if someone said, “God could never forgive what ❚❚ Whom does the father in the parable represent? I’ve done”? ❚❚ How are we like the prodigal?

Read Luke 15:11–24. It’s usually called the parable of the ❚❚ What specific words of the hymn — especially in stanzas prodigal son, but it’s really about a welcoming father who 2 and 3 — echo the parable? can’t wait to throw a party to receive his estranged son(s) ❚❚ What reasons do the parable and hymn give you to come back into the family. to your Father in repentance? ❚❚ What evidence do you see that this parable is more about a welcoming Father than a prodigal son? In Jesus’ parable, a fattened calf died so dad could celebrate the return of his son. In real life, Jesus died (with our sins ❚ ❚ How might it change our view of the parable if we focus on Him) so the Father could celebrate the return of His on the father instead of on the son(s)? children.

In order to understand the parable of the pleased as punch ❚❚ Read stanza 2. It’s easy for us prodigals to understand partying papa, read Jesus’ concluding comment after the two what “past shall be forgotten.” But what “present joy” is preceding parables, namely, the searching shepherd (also given when we come to our Father? What “future grace”? known as (aka), lost sheep) and looking lady (aka, lost coin). Read Rev. 22:17. The “Spirit,” of course, is the Holy Spirit. ❚ ❚ What do Luke 15:7 and 15:10 tell you about our Lord? The “Bride” (Rev. 21:2 and Eph. 5:25–32) is the Church, that About what He desires of us? is, all who have been given saving faith in Jesus. Revelation ❚❚ How does stanza 3 of the hymn help you to picture the 22:1 says the water of life flows from the throne of God and angels waiting to rejoice over one sinner who repents? the Lamb. That’s the Lamb who was slain so His people can Who is that sinner? live and who, unlike Old Testament sacrificial lambs, came back to life. Back in Luke 15:11–24, the prodigal in effect says, “Drop ❚❚ What makes us Christians thirsty for the water of life? dead, dad!” After all, a son ordinarily receives his inheritance when his father dies. Then the prodigal wastes what ❚❚ Our Lord is present where Christ’s saving work is his father entrusts to him. Notice that the prodigal repents proclaimed, where Baptism cleanses sinners and where when he recalls his father’s care even for slaves. The son the Redeemer’s body and blood are served. How do we thirsty sinners “come,” as the Spirit, Bride and hymn invite us to do?

Making the Connection Remember mud-caked Tony? Reread his story. the mud of sin and have no logical reason to expect mercy ❚❚ How does the story of Tony help us to understand the from our heavenly Father? message of “Today Your Mercy Calls Us”? ❚❚ Considering the end of the hymn, how would you respond ❚❚ What would you change in the story to make the to someone who says, “I’m overwhelmed by life, I’m connection even clearer? not close to God, no one understands and no one can help me”? ❚❚ What does this hymn say to us when we realize that we ❚ are rebellious prodigals who disobey our Father, play in ❚ What makes Jesus not just the door (John 10:1–11) but the ever-open door (Rev. 3:7–8)?

In Closing Because of Jesus, you have a merciful Father, who invites Prayer you to come to Him! Almighty and everlasting God, increase in us Your gifts of ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 915. faith, hope, and love that we may receive the forgiveness You have promised and love what You have commanded; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 6C).

Proper 6C | Three-Year Lectionary 12 O God, O Lord of Heaven and Earth Lutheran Service Book 834 | study by Paul F. Becker

Introduction The first of the Ninety-five Theses states: “When our Lord at the Diet of Worms in 1521 with his statement, “Here I and Master Jesus Christ said, “Repent” [Mt 4:17], he willed stand. I can do no other. God help me, Amen!” the entire life of believers to be one of repentance” (Luther’s Such a confession and prayer echoes in the lines of this Works, American Edition, [Philadelphia: Fortress, 1957], Reformation hymn, “O God, O Lord of Heaven and Earth,” 31:25). As Martin Luther nailed the Ninety-Five Theses to which points out the path for our continuing bold mission the church door in Wittenberg, Germany, on Oct. 31, 1517, and witness to Father, Son and Holy Spirit. he inadvertently began what today we call the Protestant ❚❚ Discuss how the meaning of repentance — turning Reformation. One of his primary concerns was with the to God and changing the way you think and act — sale of indulgences, which in his mind cheapened the grace determines the nature of our mission and witness of God and trivialized the treasure of Confession and to Jesus. Absolution, thus distorting the Church’s Gospel mission and witness. The good news of God’s grace held such im- ❚❚ Are there any areas you can think of in which the Church portance for Luther that he was willing to defy the Emperor today stands in need of reformation?

Exploring the Scriptures Martin Franzmann’s text makes use of the work of each ❚❚ How was the author of our salvation able to “destroy the person of the Trinity, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, to draw one who [had] the power of death” (Heb. 2:14)? out what each divine person has done and continues to do ❚❚ Describe the bondage from which we have been set free for our good. Read John 1:1–7. by His death. ❚❚ How does the phrase “All things were made through him” (v. 3) shape your thinking about life and creation? Ultimately, only the Holy Spirit’s work of restoration will ❚❚ If darkness cannot overcome the light (v. 5), what allow the Church to fulfill its task of bringing good news to prevents people from seeing the truth? Hint: What do we a sick and dying world. Without His presence, “the way of love more? peace they have not known” (Rom. 3:17). Read Rom. 15:5–6. Who can fathom the depths of God’s love in becoming one ❚❚ What Scriptures give you endurance and encouragement? of us (Rom. 11:33)? By sharing our flesh and blood, Christ ❚❚ What kind of thoughts and words glorify God and did what we were unable to do. Read Heb. 2:14–15. advance the Church’s mission and witness?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ The 500th anniversary of the Reformation is Oct. 31, Martin H. Franzmann (1907–1976) was called in 1946 to 2017. Discuss two or three Reformation themes that still teach at Concordia Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri. In energize us today. 1955, he joined the department of Exegetical Theology there. He was known for his traditional stance on biblical Text inerrancy and inspiration over against historical criticism, Even as the first stanza expresses the aimlessness, fu- as well as his commentaries on Romans and Revelation. tility, and brokenness of life, consequences of the fall, it Five of his original hymns and one of his translations are offers a powerful refutation of the false claim that would found in Lutheran Service Book. Today’s hymn was written lay responsibility for sin and death on God. Call to mind for the 450th anniversary of the Reformation in 1967. Michelangelo’s well-known painting of the creation, in ❚❚ What uniquely qualifies a student and teacher of the which the “living finger” of God the Father gives life to the Scriptures to compose new hymns for the Church? yet lifeless figure of Adam. ❚❚ Discuss the phrases and word pictures that demonstrate God’s design and intention for mankind.

Proper 6C, A, B, the Conversion of St. Paul, January 25 and the Seventh Sunday after the Epiphany | Three-Year Lectionary 13 ❚❚ In stanza 2, we discover the results of insisting on our The final stanza evokes the “high doxology” of heaven heard “fatal” and “rebel will.” What evidence do you see today in Rev. 5:12–13: “Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to that man’s rebellion is still fatal? receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing! … To him who sits on the throne Stanzas 3 and 4 capture in vivid terms how God spared and to the Lamb be blessing and honor and glory and might no expense to win us back to Himself. He breathed our forever and ever!” To this our lives aspire even now in “these poisoned air, and drank the dark despair that strangle our grey and latter days” by virtue of the Spirit’s breath. “reluctant breath.” ❚❚ What are some things that would characterize your ❚❚ The hymn was written during the height of both the personal, family and church life if these were among Vietnam conflict and the arms race of the Cold War. How “those whose life is praise”? does repeating the phrase “how beautiful the feet” (st. 3) — a direct reference to Is. 52:7 — bring a sense of hope and promise?

Making the Connection As we give thanks to God for restoring His Church, there ❚❚ How does God bring comfort and hope to us who still are many gifts for us to rejoice in. inhabit our “hall of death” (st. 3) and “house of doom” ❚❚ What means does the Spirit use to make the Church once (st. 2)? again “the bringer of good news to men” (st. 4) today?

In Closing Every Lord’s Day in each Divine Service, whether we feel Prayer it or not, God the Holy Spirit breathes afresh and anew on O God, the strength of all who put their trust in You, merci- humble and repentant hearts through Word and Sacrament fully grant that by Your power we may be defended against the very life and love that God desires for us to experience all adversity; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who and share with our neighbors. God’s people gather where lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now He has promised to bring us back to Himself. and forever. Amen (Collect for the Seventh Sunday after the ❚❚ Read aloud or sing together LSB 834. Epiphany).

Proper 6C, A, B, the Conversion of St. Paul, January 25 and the Seventh Sunday after the Epiphany | Three-Year Lectionary 14 Rise, Shine, You People Lutheran Service Book 825 | study by Bruce E. Keseman

Introduction Have you ever walked outside at night far from any in- So Isaiah exclaims, “Arise, shine, for your light has come, truding lights? It can be incredibly dark. Then again, if the and the glory of the LORD has risen upon you” (Is. 60:1). sky is clear and the moon is full, the light from that moon Echoing Isaiah, today’s hymn begins, “Rise, shine, you peo- may shine so brightly that you can see everything around ple! Christ the Lord has entered / Our human story.” you clearly. ❚❚ What evidence can you see — and show to others — that Yet that bright moon has no light of its own. It simply makes it clear that our world needs Christ’s light because reflects the sun’s light. So it is with us Christians: the light we dwell in darkness caused by sin? we shine in this sin-darkened world is reflected light. The moon reflects the sun; we reflect the Son. And for people ❚❚ What hinders us Christians from “shining” as brightly as walking in sin’s darkness, the light of Christ — even when it we could in this world? is reflecting from us — can be amazingly bright.

Exploring the Scriptures Read Luke 8:26–31 from today’s Gospel. The apostles ❚❚ You are baptized. Satan has been cast out of you. How do not yet realize that Jesus is God and Messiah (see does the certainty that Jesus has overcome the devil give Luke 8:25). you courage to stand firm against temptation and shine ❚❚ In contrast to the disciples, what do the demons call in the world? Jesus? How can they know who He is? ❚❚ In what ways does the power of Jesus scare some people ❚❚ What evidence is there in the passage that the demons (v. 37) still today? Is there good reason for humans to fear know that Jesus has power over them? Jesus? Why or why not?

❚❚ Why is it so important, especially when we find it difficult Read the end of today’s Gospel, Luke 8:38–39. to “shine” in this world, for us Christians to realize that ❚ Satan has no power over our Lord? ❚ What does Jesus tell the formerly demon-possessed man to do? What does that suggest we will do now that we Now read more of the story, Luke 8:32–37. have been cleansed by Christ? ❚ ❚❚ Jesus could have sent the demons into a bird, a cow or ❚ List some specific things “God has done for you” (v. 39). even a rock. Why might it be appropriate that unclean These are some of the deeds you can declare as you arise demons are sent into pigs? (See Deut. 14:8.) and shine, because your light has come.

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Does the Church need new hymn tunes and texts today? In the early 1970s, when Lutherans in America began Why or why not? working together on a new hymnal, gifted poets were ❚❚ What criteria would you use to decide if a new hymn commissioned to create new hymns that might be includ- text is good? (Poetic beauty? Focus on Christ? Scriptural ed in the hymnal. Ronald Klug (b. 1939), one of the poets, faithfulness? Law and Gospel rightly distinguished? wrote “Rise, Shine, You People” for the Epiphany season. Sacramental emphasis?) His hymn also fits well with today’s Gospel that invites us to “declare how much God has done for you” (Luke 8:39). ❚❚ How might a tune enhance a hymn text? Can you think of Composer Dale Wood (1934–2003) crafted the tune for any ways that a tune could get in the way of a hymn text? Klug’s text. Text ❚ ❚ Sing “Rise, Shine, You People” (LSB 825). Klug based “Rise, Shine” on his favorite Epiphany passage. ❚❚ In what ways does Wood’s tune help to emphasize the Read it in Is.60:1–5. mood and words of the hymn?

Proper 7C | Three-Year Lectionary 15 ❚❚ Isaiah 60:1 says, “Your light has come.” What words in ❚❚ Paul explains that your Baptism unites you with the verse 2 make it obvious that the Lord is that light? crucified and resurrected Christ. Using the passage and ❚❚ What words does the hymn use in stanza 1 to describe the the hymn, make a two-column list — “Before Christ” and coming of Jesus as the light? “After Christ” — to illustrate what has changed for you because Jesus has entered your story. ❚❚ Isaiah speaks of darkness covering the earth. What examples of darkness are mentioned in the hymn? Read stanza 3 of the hymn and Is. 11:10–12, where Christ is ❚❚ Stanza 1 includes the words “by death and sin a banner, or signal, to whom people rally. surrounded.” Do you think it means that Jesus is ❚❚ When do you think of banners being unfurled? How surrounded, that we are surrounded or both? Why might might that help explain the meaning of the hymn? the answer matter? ❚❚ The banners may be military flags flying as the Church ❚❚ The words “arise” (Is. 60:1–2) and “rising” (v. 3) might Militant (that’s us!) fights Satan. What does the hymn make you think of a sunrise. When did the “Son-light” suggest that you hurl when the foes of darkness work begin shining in this world? In your life? against you? When might you do what the hymn suggests? The Hebrew word translated as “nations” in Is. 60:3 implies unbelievers. As Christ’s saving light shines into our lives, Read stanza 4 of the hymn and Rev. 21:1–6. it reflects from us to unbelievers in the deeds we do and ❚ especially in the words we speak about Christ. ❚ What roles in your salvation does the hymn especially associate with each person of the Trinity? ❚❚ What does Isaiah say will be the result when Christ’s light ❚ shines from us to the nations (vv. 3–5)? ❚ Echoing 2 Cor. 5:17, the hymn calls us a new creation. Name some ways this old creation has been ruined by Read Col. 2:9–15. our sin. That is, what things do you wish were not part of your life on earth? ❚❚ What unusual words does the hymn use to say that “in ❚ him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily” (v. 9)? ❚ How does Rev. 21:1–6 say that the new creation is different from the old? As a person who is part of that ❚❚ How is Col. 2:15 reflected in the hymn? What does stanza new creation, what are you most looking forward to? 2 suggest is the result for us?

Making the Connection

❚❚ What has Christ’s saving work done to overcome the ❚❚ When your light does not seem to be shining brightly, fears that keep you from shining and speaking the story what passages of Scripture might especially encourage of Christ? you? How can your Baptism and Christ’s body and blood ❚❚ In what ways do Christ’s coming and the assurance that help you? you are His new creation allow you to turn your attention ❚❚ What parts of the hymn do you find most helpful in your not inward to yourself but outward to those who do not faith life? Why? have salvation?

In Closing Walking at night in the dark can be scary, even for adults. Prayer Walking in a world filled with the darkness of sin can also Almighty God, in Your kindness You cause cause fear — including the fear of talking about Christ. We the light of the Gospel to shine among us. By the working get to tell the story of Jesus’ glory! But we worry about how of Your Holy Spirit, help us to share the good news of Your people will respond. When that happens to you, remem- salvation that all who hear it may rejoice in the gift of Your ber the light of the Son is still shining on you. No matter unending love; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, who lives how people respond, you are baptized! Christ has entered and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and your human story. Your sin is forgiven. Your death will be forever. Amen (Collect for Mission Observance). reversed. You will live forever. Arise, shine, for Jesus your light has come! His light can reflect from you, because His light constantly shines on you!

Proper 7C | Three-Year Lectionary 16 When All the World Was Cursed Lutheran Service Book 346 | study by Steven P. Mueller

Introduction On a cross-country driving trip, a tourist decided to venture field of sorghum. That will take you right to the highway.” off the main highway to drive through the countryside for The driver thanked the farmer and hoping he could figure a while. He thought he knew where he was and he was en- it out, drove down the road muttering, “Johnson’s farm … joying the change of scenery. After an hour or so, he began where the barn used to be. They could really use some signs driving back towards where he thought the highway should around here.” be, but after driving awhile, he grew concerned. Not want- ❚❚ What is the purpose of a sign? ing to drive around randomly, he stopped when he saw a farmer working close to the side of the road. “Excuse me, sir. ❚❚ What “signs” pointed people to Jesus as the Messiah? Can you give me directions to the highway?” The farmer gladly answered, “Sure. Just drive up this road for a couple Today’s hymn focuses on one of the signs that directed peo- miles. Make a right at the Johnson’s farm. Then take a left ple to Jesus the Messiah: John the Baptist. His work pre- where their barn used to be. After that it’s just past the big pared others to meet their Savior when He first appeared and his words help prepare us to see Jesus today.

Exploring the Scriptures John the Baptist is an important figure in the Gospels and ❚❚ Why did John not want to baptize Jesus? Why was Jesus an important figure in our Advent preparations. Read part baptized? What happened after His Baptism? What does of the story of John the Baptist in John 1:6–9, 15–17, 23–31. this signify? ❚❚ Why did God send John the Baptist? What did John say about Jesus? What do we receive from Jesus that we John’s story does not end with this amazing Baptism. Read receive from no one else? what happened next in John 1:29, 35–37. ❚ ❚❚ How does John describe himself? ❚ What did John call Jesus? What does this mean? What effect did this have on his disciples? Read about the Baptism of Jesus in Matt. 3:1–12. Read Luke 1:41–44. ❚❚ What did John call the crowds to do? ❚❚ When did John first meet Jesus? What does this tell us about faith?

Exploring the Hymn Background Later in life, pastor Olearius was called to positions of lead- Pastor Johann Gottfried Olearius (1635–1711) wrote and ership in the regional church. He also served as a theology published this hymn while serving at St. Mary’s Church in teacher. In the last years of his life, he faced challenges Halle, Germany. He wrote it specifically for the Nativity of when he became completely blind. St. John the Baptist (June 24). While this hymn summariz- ❚❚ How might John the Baptist’s message have helped pastor es themes from John the Baptist, Olearius demonstrated a Olearius endure affliction? How can it help people who pastoral concern by putting those who sing this hymn into struggle with challenging situations today? the story. We are invited to hear the Baptist’s message and we pray that we hear John’s invitation to follow the Savior. Text ❚❚ How important is it that we consider how a biblical story At first glance, this hymn may seem to simply summarize applies to us? When we do this, do you think we are the story of John the Baptist. But it really does much more honest about what we really might have done in a similar than that. It places the story in its historical and theological situation? context and reveals some of the deeper meaning of these events. It invites us into the Gospel narrative.

The Nativity of St. John the Baptist, June 24 | Three-Year Lectionary 17 ❚❚ What is “Moses’ condemnation” that is spoken of in While John is often remembered for baptizing people in the stanza 1? In what sense was Moses’ message a blessing? Jordan River, this is not the most significant thing in his In what sense was it a curse (see also Gal. 3:10)? How is ministry. Read John 1:29–36. John’s message different from Moses’ message? ❚❚ Why are John’s words about Jesus more important than his baptizing? Following the Gospels, this hymn tells us some details of John’s life. Read Luke 1:13–17, 39–45. ❚❚ Whose sins does Jesus’ work take away? Why is this a critical point for us to understand? Is there anyone not ❚ ❚ How is John like Elijah? How is he different? included in Jesus’ work? ❚ ❚ How was John able to recognize Jesus while both were ❚❚ How does John model discipleship and humility in still in the womb? dealing with those who were following him?

Making the Connection In the first of his Ninety-five Theses, Martin Luther writes, ❚❚ Is John’s message really something that we “receive, “When our Lord and Master Jesus Christ said, ‘Repent,’ he rejoicing” (st. 4)? What should we do when we hear willed the entire life of believers to be one of repentance” John’s message? (AE 31:25). This hymn invites us to hear John’s message ❚❚ John the Baptist faithfully focused attention away from and, like his disciples, respond by following Christ. himself and onto Jesus. How can we do the same?

In Closing By our Savior’s invitation, we come to His table in repentant Prayer joy to receive His body and blood. As we come, we prepare Almighty God, through John the Baptist, the forerunner to receive our Lord by singing John’s words: “Lamb of God, of Christ, You once proclaimed salvation. Now grant that You take away the sin of the world” (LSB, p. 163). At the ta- we may know this salvation and serve You in holiness and ble we receive the very thing that John showed his disciples righteousness all the days of our life; through our Lord — Jesus, the Lamb of God, the world’s Redeemer. Jesus Christ, Your Son, who lives and reigns with You and ❚❚ Sing or read together LSB 346. the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for the Nativity of St. John the Baptist).

The Nativity of St. John the Baptist, June 24 | Three-Year Lectionary 18 “Come, Follow Me,” the Savior Spake Lutheran Service Book 688 | study by Robert A. Sorensen

Introduction The Christian church has no shortage of stories involving resurrection, Saul the persecutor came face to face with the people who hear Jesus’ call to follow Him and immediately risen Jesus on the Damascus road and likewise heeded His leave their old lives in order to begin new lives of service call. He would become Jesus’ chief witness to the Gentiles. to Him. ❚❚ Do you know any people who have made a dramatic When Jesus called Peter, Andrew, James and John, they about-face in their lives for the sake of a newfound left their nets to become apostolic “fishers of men.” When Christian faith? Jesus later called Matthew, he walked away from his tax booth and became one of the twelve apostles. After the ❚❚ What circumstances led up to their turnaround, and what are the results of their commitment to Jesus?

Exploring the Scriptures Both the Old Testament and Gospel lessons appointed for ❚❚ Put yourself in Peter’s place. How would you feel if the Fifth Sunday after Trinity recount stories about the someone asked you to abandon your present life and Lord calling men into holy service. After reading 1 Kings vocation in order to assume a new and unfamiliar one? 19:11–21, consider these questions. ❚❚ What were Elijah’s circumstances and state of mind The Bible has similar stories about men exhibiting reluc- at the time this story takes place? What is his attitude tance when called into the Lord’s service. Read Ex. 3:1–12 towards his vocation at the moment? and Jer. 1:4–10. ❚ ❚❚ Was Elisha enthusiastic or hesitant about being called to ❚ How are these stories similar? Why are Moses and take Elijah’s mantle and serve as Israel’s next prophet? Jeremiah reluctant to drop everything and undertake a new calling? In Luke 5:1–11, Jesus calls Peter to leave his boats and fol- ❚❚ What does it say about human nature that even great low Him, so that he might become a “fisher of men.” After heroes of the faith at first tried to elude the Lord’s call rereading this passage, answer the following questions. into service? What does it say about the faith? ❚❚ Why does Peter express reluctance to remain in Jesus’ presence? Does his reaction seem justified?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Are there some life changes that are simply not worth the Johann Scheffler (1624–77), author of this hymn, “‘Come trouble? What about Scheffler’s father? Follow Me,’ the Savior Spake,” knew firsthand the consequences of abandoning an old way of life and adopting Scheffler was born and spent his early years in Breslau. By a new one for the sake of religious convictions. This is about the age of sixteen, he began to write poetry. He later because both Scheffler and his father walked away from studied at several universities and became a medical doctor. privileged circumstances in order to live according to their Scheffler then served as personal physician to Duke religious beliefs. Sylvius Nimrod of Würtemburg-Oels. Scheffler never Scheffler’s father was a Polish nobleman whose Lutheran stopped writing verse, even while practicing medicine, and convictions moved him to leave his Catholic homeland and so eventually published some 205 hymns. relocate in the Protestant city of Breslau. One can only In 1653, Johann made a change just as dramatic as the imagine the kinds of displacement that taking such a step move his father once made: he left the Lutheran church of would occasion. his youth and became a Roman Catholic. In this regard, his ❚❚ What kinds of things impel people to pull up roots and conviction was so great that he later left his medical prac- move to other places today? tice and became a priest in 1661. His final years were spent in a Jesuit monastery near his native Breslau.

Proper 8C and the Fifth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 19 ❚❚ Do you personally know any people who have left faiths ❚❚ Where in this hymn does one find gracious and in which they were raised? encouraging words? In other words, how does this hymn ❚❚ How should a Christian react to a family member who describe Jesus’ saving actions on our behalf? converts to another Christian denomination? To a non- ❚❚ Turning to Matt. 16:24–28, where does one find similar Christian religion? If you were Scheffler’s family member, words of promise? how would you react to his conversion to Catholicism? The fourth stanza puts these words on Jesus’ lips: “I Text teach you how to shun and flee / What harms your soul’s The words of this hymn text highlight the theme of leav- salvation.” ing an old way of life in order to put into action one’s faith ❚❚ What sacrifices have you made in order to obey Jesus’ call convictions. to discipleship? What particular temptations must you The first and second stanzas of this hymn both echo the “shun and flee”? famous words of Matthew 16. They include these words: “Deny yourselves, the world forsake, / Obey My call and The concluding stanza of this hymn exhorts the believer to guiding. / O bear the cross, whate’er betide.” Review the very follow Him who first died and then rose again. It concludes words Jesus spoke about discipleship in Matt. 16:21–28. by assuring us that “those who bear the battle’s strain / The ❚❚ Exactly what is Jesus demanding when He calls His crown of heav’nly life obtain.” followers to deny themselves and take up their crosses? ❚❚ How and when do you “bear the battle’s strain”? ❚ ❚ What can we learn from Luke 9:57–62 and 14:25–33? ❚❚ What do Eph. 6:10–18 and Rev. 3:10 have to say in this regard? The third stanza of this hymn has Jesus say, “And gracious words My lips express.” We typically refer to such gracious words as Gospel.

Making the Connection Not every Christian experiences the call to follow and serve drowned and die with all sins and evil desires, and that a Jesus as dramatically as Peter once did. However, through new man should daily emerge and arise to live before God our hearing of the Gospel and our Baptism into Christ, we in righteousness and purity forever” (LSB, p. 325). too are called to follow Him, deny ourselves and take up ❚❚ What, if any, is the difference between “daily contrition our crosses. and repentance” and heeding Jesus’ call to discipleship? In explaining the ongoing relevance of Baptism, the Small Catechism says that this Sacrament “indicates that the Old ❚❚ What is the ongoing power behind Baptism, even if it was Adam in us should by daily contrition and repentance be received many years prior?

In Closing Jim Elliot, a well-known evangelical missionary and Prayer martyr, once said, “He is no fool who gives what he can- O God, You have prepared for those who love you good not keep to gain what he cannot lose.” That sentence puts things that surpass all understanding. Pour into our hearts into perspective Jesus’ challenging call to come after Him, such love toward You that we, loving You above all things, deny ourselves’ and take up our cross. The Spirit, working may obtain Your promises, which exceed all that we can through the Word and Sacrament, empowers us to follow desire; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and serve Jesus, even unto eternal life. and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 688. forever. Amen (Collect for the Fifth Sunday after Trinity).

Proper 8C and the Fifth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 20 Lord Jesus Christ, the Church’s Head Lutheran Service Book 647 | study by John T. Pless

Introduction This post-Reformation hymn breathes the confidence of the pope is not, according to divine law or God’s Word, the head Apology of the Augsburg Confession, that of all Christendom. This name belongs to One only, whose “this Church alone is called Christ’s body, which Christ name is Jesus Christ [Colossians 1:18]” (SA IV 1, p. 268). renews, sanctifies, and governs by His Spirit. Paul testi- Today’s hymn calls upon Jesus as “the Church’s head,” fies about this when he says, ‘And gave Him as head over confessing Him to be the “foundation” and “rock” which all things to the Church, which is His body, the fullness of provide security for our life in the world. Him who fills all in all’ (Ephesians 1:22–23)” (Ap VII and ❚❚ When we discuss the Church, why must we always begin VIII 5, p. 144). and end with Christ? ❚❚ What do you pray for when you pray for the Church? How From her divine head, the Body of Christ has life through does this hymn guide and shape our prayers for the well- the forgiveness of sins. Luther was bold to assert the fact of being of the Church? Christ’s headship against the false claim of the papacy, “The

Exploring the Scriptures The key text behind this hymn is Eph. 2:19–21. ❚❚ Jesus makes the question more pointed: “Who do you ❚❚ How does Paul describe what God has worked in Christ say that I am?” (v. 15). How does Peter answer? Hermann in verses 19–20? Sasse once said something to the effect that every true creed in Christendom is simply an expansion of Peter’s ❚❚ What is the nature of Christ’s authority and dominion in confession. How does the Apostles’ Creed unpack Peter’s verse 21? Also see Matt. 28:18. confession of Jesus? ❚❚ Who made Christ “head over all things to the church” ❚❚ What is “this rock” of verse 18? What does Christ promise (Eph. 1:22)? to do with this rock? How do the words of Jesus comfort ❚❚ What does this passage say about the future of struggling believers faced with what appears to be a the Church? failing church?

Read Matt. 16:13–19. This text is the Holy Gospel appoint- Read Eph. 4:3–6, 15–16. The letter to the Ephesians is the ed for St. Peter and St. Paul, Apostles. It is the account of great epistle on the Church’s unity. Peter’s confession at Caesarea Philippi and Jesus’ promise ❚❚ List the “ones” in verses 4–6. How do we confess the to the Church. oneness of the Church in the Nicene Creed? ❚❚ How do the disciples respond to Jesus’ question regarding ❚❚ According to verses 15–16, how is the oneness of the the identity of the Son of Man? Church expressed?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ This hymn embraces both praise and supplication. How This hymn was written by a Lutheran pastor and poet, is Christ praised in this hymn? What does the hymn Johann Mentzer (1658–1734). Mentzer was born in implore Christ to do for the Church? Jahmen, Silesia. After completing his theological studies in ❚❚ What are the most consoling aspects of this hymn for Wittenberg, Germany he was appointed pastor in Merzdorf, Christians under persecution or stress? Germany, where he served until being called to Hauswalde, Germany in 1693. In 1696, he was called to Kemnitz, Text Saxony, where he remained until his death in 1734. Confessing the Lord Jesus to be the Head of the Church His life was marked by suffering and affliction. Mentzer’s and her only foundation, the hymn describes the posture of contemporaries commented favorably on the consoling God’s faithful people as bowing in trust and waiting for sal- power of this hymn. vation. This trust is well founded, for it is built on Christ’s

St. Peter and St. Paul, Apostles, June 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 21 Word, the “rock secure” which will not pass away. It is a Stanzas 3 and 4 speak of the Christian’s life — a life hal- characteristic of Mentzer’s poetry that he draws together lowed by the radiance of God’s Word (see Ps. 119:105) and numerous biblical images. lived in the humility of repentance and faith under the cross ❚❚ Which images in stanza 1 are drawn from these texts: and in the hope of heaven. Ps. 95:6; Gen. 49:18; Matt.7:24–27; Matt. 16:18? ❚❚ How do stanzas 3 and 4 echo the Small Catechism’s ❚❚ Why will the Church endure? See 1 Tim.3:15. explanation of the first three petitions of the Lord’s Prayer? In stanza 2, the hymn writer pictures the Church as a “little flock” confessing Christ’s name, and so implores In his treatment of the Third Petition in the Large Him to continue to guard and keep His people in unity Catechism, Luther writes, with Himself. “For where God’s Word is preached, accepted, or believed ❚❚ How does stanza 2 reflect the promise of Jesus in and produces fruit, there the holy cross cannot be missing Luke 12:32? [Acts 14:22]. And let no one think that he shall have peace [Matthew 10:34]. He must risk whatever he has ❚❚ Read John 10:1–16. How do the sheep have unity with upon earth—possessions, honor, house and estate, wife the Shepherd? and children, body and life. Now, this hurts our flesh ❚❚ There is urgency in the supplication that God would and the old Adam [Ephesians 4:22]. The test is to be preserve in purity His Word and Sacraments, for these steadfast, and to suffer with patience [James 5:7–8] in gifts “remain our only strength and comfort.” How does whatever way we are assaulted, and to let go whatever is false teaching destroy the strength and comfort of the taken from us [1 Peter 2:20–21]” (LC III 65–66, p. 416). means of grace? ❚❚ How is this thought reflected in stanzas 3 and 4?

Making the Connection Luther characterized his evangelical theology as a “theology ❚❚ How is this hymn a sung “theology of the cross”? of the cross” in contrast to the ever-prevailing “theology of ❚❚ How is its message against contemporary temptations in glory.” The theology of the cross finds God in the suffering the church to embrace a theology of glory? of Christ, in His lowliness to be our Savior. A theology of glory attempts to discover God in human strength and achievement.

In Closing In light of our study of this hymn, reflect on Luther’s Prayer words in his 1533 treatise on “The Private Mass and the Now pray together the Lord’s Prayer and conclude with this Consecration of Priests,” “For the church confesses in the collect: Almighty God, grant to Your Church Your Holy Lord’s Prayer that it sins and errs; but it is forgiven every- Spirit and the wisdom that comes down from above, that thing. … It remains a submissive sinner before God until Your Word may not be bound but have free course and be the day of judgment and is holy alone in Christ its Savior by preached to the joy and edifying of Christ’s holy people, that grace and the forgiveness of sins” (AE 38:171). in steadfast faith we may serve You and, in the confession ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 647. of Your name, abide unto the end; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen (For the Church, LSB, p. 305).

St. Peter and St. Paul, Apostles, June 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 22 Jesus Has Come and Brings Pleasure Lutheran Service Book 533 | study by Bruce E. Keseman

Introduction As a group, try to think of a title for Jesus for each letter in that began with the appropriate letter. For instance, his the alphabet. For instance, for A, you might use “Atoning first stanza called Jesus A“ und O” (Alpha and Omega), the Sacrifice.” “Bread of Life” or “Branch of Jesse” would be second called Him “Bürge” (Security/Guarantor), and the examples for B. When you finish your list, go on to the next third “Krone” (Crown). His stanza for W actually uses four paragraph. different names for Christ:Weg (Way), Wahrheit (Truth), Amazingly, when Johann L. C. Allendorf (1693–1773) Weisheit (Wisdom) and Weinstock (Vine). wrote “Jesus Has Come and Brings Pleasure,” he did just ❚❚ Which is your favorite title for Jesus? Why? what you did, but in a hymn. He assigned each successive letter of the German alphabet to one stanza of the hymn. ❚❚ Which titles seem to describe best who Jesus is and what Then in each stanza, he included at least one title for Jesus He does for you?

Exploring the Scriptures Read today’s Old Testament Reading, Is. 66:10–14. Now read today’s Gospel, Luke 10:1–20. God’s people are saddened when Isaiah prophesies that ❚❚ What brings joy to the seventy-two in v. 17? What does Jerusalem, their dear city, will be destroyed. Jesus suggest is even more joyous (vv. 18–20)? ❚ ❚ Tell about an especially difficult event that you have ❚❚ How does the fact that your name is written in heaven experienced in your life. change the way you view the worst news in life? ❚❚ What does Isaiah invite the troubled people to do in verse 10? Why? As the hymn reminds us, the arrival of Jesus — by whatever title we may call Him! — gives us reason for joy at both the best and worst times of life.

Exploring the Hymn Background of the German text. In addition, translators struggle to Ready for a little German? “Jesus Has Come and Brings maintain the meaning of the original while putting it Pleasure” originally included 23 stanzas with more than into English poetry. For instance, Rupprecht might have thirty alphabetized titles for Jesus! preferred to use “joy” — a more literal translation — in the Our English translation includes only four of those opening line instead of “pleasure.” However, doing so would stanzas: for A (A und O, Alpha and Omega), for D have made it difficult to provide an accurate translation (Durchbrecher, One Who Breaks Through), for E (Erlöser, of the rest of the text, while keeping the correct meter and Redeemer) and for K (König der Ehren, King of Glory). finding pleasing rhymes. Even in Germany, they only sing a few of the stanzas today. ❚❚ Why might it be even more difficult to translate a hymn ❚❚ If all 23 stanzas were translated into English, would you from another language than to write a new hymn in your recommend including every stanza in the hymnal? Why own language? or why not? ❚❚ The word “pleasure” is intended to make you think about ❚❚ What is lost by not including some stanzas? What are the the confident joy that flows from knowing that “Jesus has benefits of including only the strongest stanzas? come” to live, die, rise and redeem you. In what ways does that differ from the self-indulgent attitude involved in Text what our culture often calls “pleasure”? In German, the first line of the hymn is Jesus“ ist kom- men, Grund ewiger Freude,” that is, “Jesus has Come, For stanza 1, read Rev. 1:8, 21:5–6, and 22:12–13. Alpha and the Foundation of Eternal Joy.” The translator, Oliver omega are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Rupprecht (1903–2000), lamented that sometimes English ❚❚ What does “Alpha and omega” seem to imply about the does not have words to express adequately the meaning person who bears that title?

Proper 9C | Three-Year Lectionary 23 ❚❚ In Rev. 1:8 and 21:6, God the Father is called the Alpha ❚❚ Consider the images of Jesus breaking into prison to set and Omega. In Rev. 22:13, who calls Himself the Alpha us free. How are we prisoners? How does Jesus break into and Omega? How might that show that Jesus is as eternal our world? Into your life? and divine as His Father? ❚❚ How are the two natures of Christ expressed in stanza 1? What a wonderful irony to call Jesus “the mighty Redeemer” (st. 3)! After all, it is through the weakness of ❚❚ Why is it necessary for your salvation that Jesus be both the cross (1 Cor. 1:17–2:5) that our Lord powerfully crushes God and human? For some insights, read the Small Satan (Gen. 3:15) and mightily redeems us, that is, buys us Catechism’s explanation of the Second Article of the back, with His life as the price of redemption. Creed (LSB, p. 322). ❚❚ Why was it necessary for Jesus to be “weak” in order to For stanza 2 and echoes in stanza 3, read Matt. 12:22–29, redeem you and end Satan’s power to accuse you? where the Pharisees claim that Jesus gets His power ❚❚ What words in the hymn express Christ’s power? from Satan. ❚❚ How does Jesus show that their claim cannot be true? For stanza 4, read Ps. 24:7–10. Some scholars believe this psalm was sung when the ark of the covenant returned to the ❚❚ In verse 29, who (surprisingly!) is represented by the temple (2 Samuel 6). Since God promised to be where His robber? By the strong man? ark was, its coming brought joy. The people could have sung, ❚❚ Because “Jesus has come,” how has He “robbed” you from “The ark has come and brings pleasure eternal.” Instead, Satan? How is that wonderful “robbery” expressed in they express joy over the coming of the “the King of all glory.” stanzas 2 and 3 of the hymn? ❚❚ The arrival of the ark, and therefore the arrival of the King of glory, took place about a thousand years before For stanza 3, read Is. 61:1–2, a prophecy that the Messiah Jesus’ birth. How then, by calling Jesus the “King of will “proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the glory,” can the hymn imply that Jesus was there when the prison to those who are bound.” ark entered the temple? ❚❚ Where do you see this passage reflected in stanza 3? ❚❚ How is the King of glory described in Psalm 24? In what ways does Jesus fulfill this description?

Making the Connection “Jesus Has Come and Brings Pleasure Eternal” expresses ❚❚ List some specific things we Christians can do to “ponder the joy that we have because Jesus has come into this world His love” (as st. 4 invites us to do). and into our lives. Read stanza 4. ❚❚ In what ways does the entire hymn suggest that our lives ❚❚ Why might it call this a “fast-fleeting hour”? have changed because “Jesus has come”? ❚❚ How does God involve you in “capturing hearts with the heavenly story”?

In Closing Every title used for Christ in the Bible and in this hymn, ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 533. emphasizes some aspect of who He is or what He has done for us. Discuss the special emphasis in a few of the titles for Prayer Jesus that you listed at the beginning of this study. Almighty God, You have built Your Church on the founda- If Jesus had never come, we would be condemned for tion of the apostles and prophets with Christ Jesus Himself our sins, secure in Satan’s grasp and on our way to hell. as the cornerstone. Continue to send Your messengers to But Jesus has come and brings pleasure eternal! He fills preserve Your people in true peace that, by the preaching your life with joy — the joy of knowing that the Alpha and of Your Word, Your Church may be kept free from all harm Omega who exists eternally has come for you; the joy of and danger; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who knowing that the one who breaks through has plundered lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now Satan’s house and set you free; the joy of knowing that and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 9C). death did not hold your Redeemer, so death cannot hold you; and the joy of knowing the King of glory shares with you His heavenly glory, so you can “Take the crown He has for you!” (st. 4).

Proper 9C | Three-Year Lectionary 24 Where Charity and Love Prevail Lutheran Service Book 845 | study by Gifford A. Grobien

Introduction The apostle John is sometimes known as the “Apostle of Sometimes Lutherans can have difficulty talking about Love,” because love is one of the major themes in his Gospel works of love, because we don’t want to blur our teaching and epistles. He is also called “the disciple whom Jesus on the Gospel of the free forgiveness of sins. This desire to loved” (John 21:20). As a recipient of Jesus’ love, he certain- defend the pure Gospel is good. ly would know how to speak about love! In fact, John has ❚❚ How do we speak of love without confusing the Gospel? much to say about love, especially about how Christian love How is this done in your congregation in preaching and differs from human love that anyone can feel and express. various activities? ❚❚ What is Christian love? Do you think it is different from love that all people feel?

Exploring the Scriptures 1 John 4:7–21 elaborately describes the relationship be- ❚❚ Who has seen God? How does God make Himself tween God’s love for us, Jesus’ death and resurrection for known to us? the forgiveness of our sins and our own love in response. ❚❚ How do God’s Spirit and love relate to each other? Look at verses 7–11. ❚❚ What do we do in response to receiving God’s Spirit (vv. ❚ ❚ Who or what is the source of love? In order truly to love, 14–15)? From this, can we connect the dots between what must happen to a person? On the other hand, what God’s love, the Holy Spirit, brotherly love and confession/ is evident about someone who does not love? What is his testifying of Jesus? relationship to God? ❚❚ How is love made most apparent and clear in the world? With these connections in mind, look at the final three vers- What does John say the Son of God became on account of es of this passage. our sin? ❚❚ What practical example of lack of love does John give?

In speaking of Christ, the word “propitiation” should be un- ❚❚ John reiterates the relationship between God’s love and derstood as “a sacrifice that appeases God’s righteous wrath our own love. What new emphases do you see in these on account of sin.” God’s love is not a mere feeling, but He verses? What importance does John give to what is visible acts in love by sending His Son as a sacrifice to save us. in relation to what is invisible? ❚ ❚ With godly love expressed in such a deep, concrete way, John has given us an understanding of love that flows how are we to respond to God’s love? from God’s love in the concrete act of Jesus’ death for us. Consequently, our own love will manifest itself concretely Now continue with verses 12–18. in worship of God and service to others.

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Based on what we read in 1 John about God’s concrete In the Middle Ages, “Where Charity and Love Prevail” was act of love being the giving of His Son for the forgiveness traditionally sung as the final hymn on Maundy Thursday, of our sins, why do you think the institution of the Lord’s in conjunction with a ceremony of foot-washing. This Supper is emphasized? How should we understand Holy practice is based on Jesus’ washing of the disciples’ feet at Communion as an act of God’s love related specifically to the Last Supper, recorded in John 13:1–17. Lutheran con- Christ’s sacrifice? gregations typically emphasize the institution of the Lord’s ❚❚ Granted the centrality of the Lord’s Supper for Maundy Supper on this day, and often do not include a ceremony of Thursday, how would the practice of a foot- washing foot-washing.

Proper 10C | Three-Year Lectionary 25 ceremony adorn or detract from the remembrance of the By referring to Christ’s crucifixion as “his hour,” and that institution of the Lord’s Supper? Christ loves His disciples to the very end, John again con- nects the love of God to Christ’s sacrifice for sin. Continue Text through the story and focus on the last few verses, 12–17. Notice how the hymn brings out the relationship of God’s ❚❚ What reason does Jesus give for washing the disciples’ love to the Holy Spirit and to our love for one another, the feet? Besides the humble and loving character shown by relationship we notice in our study of 1 John 4. Stanza 1 literally washing feet, what kind of position or attitude says, “Brought here together by Christ’s love / By love are we does washing feet suggest (v. 16)? thus bound.” Stanzas 2 and 3 describe the charity we learn as those loved by God. Christian love is distinctive by its servant attitude. It is not ❚❚ According to stanzas 2 and 3, what are the ways we self-seeking, but forgives and attends to others’ needs. This express the charity we learn from God? kind of love can only be given by the Holy Spirit; but it is ❚❚ The first half of stanza 3 mentions forgiveness. How is a rich, soothing love that truly binds Christians together. forgiveness an expression of the link between God’s love When this Christian love is manifest in the Church, we and our mutual love? How does forgiveness serve as a know that “God abides in us” (1 John 4:12). basis for other loving acts? Finally, remember that we saw the relationship between God’s love, the Holy Spirit, God’s presence and our love Read the account of the foot-washing in John 13:1–17. John explained in 1 John 4, and we saw how one aspect of God’s says that Jesus washed the disciples’ feet when He “knew abiding in us is our confession of Jesus Christ (1 John that his hour had come to depart out of this world, … hav- 4:14–15). Read the final two stanzas of the hymn. ing loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to ❚❚ How does the hymn describe in stanzas 5 and 6 the the end” (v. 1). notions of God abiding with us and of us confessing ❚❚ To what event does “his hour” refer? (For more insight, His name? see John 12:23–33.) What is the act of love that ❚❚ Who is included in the love of God the Father and on demonstrates that “he loved them to the end”? what basis (st. 6)?

Making the Connection

❚❚ What are some ways you as an individual should strive ❚❚ How can your congregation encourage and develop these to demonstrate true Christian love to others? Try to things among the members? Are there certain people be specific regarding current experiences or struggles who may feel marginalized in the congregation? What in your own life. What should you do to develop a true can you do to extend and improve that brotherly love of servant’s attitude of brotherly love? Be specific about your God to them? own temptations to resist, sins to confess and discipline to practice.

In Closing Recall the continuous connection to the Lord’s Supper Prayer that we have made. Love begins with God the Father and Lord Jesus Christ, in Your deep compassion You rescue us the sacrifice of His Son for our forgiveness. Only from His from whatever may hurt us. Teach us to love You above all forgiveness and mercy do we receive the strength to grow things and to love our neighbors as ourselves; for You live and abide in love. and reign with the Father and the Holy Spirit, one God, ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 845. now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 10C).

Proper 10C | Three-Year Lectionary 26 One Thing’s Needful Lutheran Service Book 536 | study by Tim Pauls

Introduction One thing. Just one thing. In a lot of cases, it’s hard to ❚❚ If you had to pick a favorite Bible verse, what would narrow it down that much. Here are a few examples. Some you pick? might be easy to answer and some might not: ❚❚ If you only had a chance to say one more thing, what ❚❚ If you could change one thing about your life, what would you say? would it be? ❚❚ If you could change one thing about yourself, what would What makes the decisions difficult? Sometimes it’s because it be? we are so accustomed to variety that it is difficult to settle on a single choice. Or sometimes there are so many things ❚❚ If you could change one thing about your past, what we’d like to change that it’s hard to pick just one. In some would you change? cases, we might be seriously concerned that our one choice ❚❚ If you could take one book to read on a deserted island, is the wrong one. what would it be? The hymn for our consideration gives us some wonderful news: when it comes to salvation, the Lord leaves ❚❚ If you could pack one thing for a trip, what would you little room for confusion. For eternal life, there is only one take with you? thing needful. ❚❚ If you could only have one food, what would it be?

Exploring the Scriptures The hymn gets its title from the Gospel lesson for this ❚❚ When Jesus comes to their home for dinner, what do Sunday. Before you read it, picture this ordinary scene: ❚❚ Mary and Martha do? some guests are coming over for dinner, so a mother instructs her two children to clean up their toys from the ❚❚ While one might expect criticism of Mary for failure to living room beforehand. A few minutes later, it’s obvious help her sister, how is Martha described in verse 40? that one child is doing all the work, while the other child is ❚❚ Read Luke 9:12–17 and Luke 11:3. Why might Martha’s goofing off. concern about dinner preparations be especially ❚❚ In this all-too-common-for-parents scenario, what unnecessary? should the mother do? ❚❚ Jesus does not say that Martha is wrong, only that what she is doing has made her anxious and troubled. What Now, read Luke 10:38–42, the Gospel lesson for this has Mary chosen? What is the “one thing needful” (v. 42)? Sunday.

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ If you could leave one last message for your descendants, Johann Heinrich Schröder (1667–99) is the author of the what would it be? hymn (it is worth noting his death at the young age of 31). ❚❚ What sort of message and comfort would Schröder’s child Schröder became a pastor in Möseburg, Germany, in 1696, find in the text of this hymn? and soon married Tranquilla Sophia Wolf. Less than a year later, Tranquilla died in childbirth. The child survived, but ❚❚ Considering Schröder as a brother in Christ, what Johann himself died in 1699, leaving the toddler an orphan. comfort do you derive from this hymn by one who has This hymn, along with a handful of others, would be one of gone before you? the few ways the child would ever know his parents. Text ❚ ❚ What sort of legacy would you like to leave for future The first two stanzas of the hymn recall the scene of Jesus generations? in the home of Mary and Martha.

Proper 11C | Three-Year Lectionary 27 ❚❚ Which phrases describe Mary and which describe Stanza 4 gives us a wonderful confession of the Gospel. Martha? Which describe you? ❚❚ In Luke 10:38–42, does Mary give Jesus anything in ❚❚ Stanza 2 makes clear that this story is not about Mary’s exchange for His teaching? What does this teach us? devotion to Jesus. Rather, what was she receiving — and Read Eph. 2:8–9. how? See also Luke 10:39. ❚❚ What is the significance of Jesus’ “crimson-colored ❚❚ What did Mary forget in stanza 2? How might this blood”? Read Heb. 9:14 and 1 John 1:7. instruct us about worship, as well as other opportunities ❚❚ What is the significance of “salvation’s white raiments”? we have to hear the Word? Read Rev. 7:13–15 and Job 29:14. ❚❚ We certainly do not want to imply that good works are unnecessary, and do well to heed James’ warning that Stanza 5 prays that the Lord would “root out all hypocrisy,” “faith apart from works is dead” (James 2:26). along with a prayer that He would keep us in His grace. ❚❚ But what is the relationship between faith and works? To ❚❚ Whom did Jesus accuse of hypocrisy in Mark 7:5–9? put it another way, this hymn is about what is needful for ❚❚ What is the danger of hypocrisy? salvation: for what are works necessary? ❚❚ How does the Lord guard and uphold us throughout life’s Stanza 3 says that “wisdom’s highest, noblest treasure” is pilgrimage? revealed in Jesus. ❚❚ Jesus is the one thing needful, but there are other ❚❚ What are some other words in the stanza to describe adjectives that fit as well. What does the psalmist say this wisdom? about the Lord in Ps. 73:25? What adjective would you use to describe this? ❚❚ We normally think of wisdom as intellectual enlightenment. We might even think of wisdom as ❚❚ How does Paul compare the one thing needful to something that the world will readily recognize. What is everything else in Phil. 3:7–8? How does this challenge wisdom according to Prov. 9:10? us in our stewardship of the many things God has given us? ❚❚ Read 1 Cor.1:22–24. What is the wisdom of God in verse 23?

Making the Connection This hymn, along with the Gospel lesson from which it venue where we demonstrate our love for God by works of is derived, has great value and comfort for Christians praise, song, etc. This hymn, however, puts the focus back throughout their pilgrimage on earth. It reminds us that on Christ. So does Luke 10:38–42. salvation is by grace alone — the forgiveness won by Christ ❚❚ Luke 11:27–28 give us a similar situation. Someone on the cross. declares that Jesus’ mother is to be blessed because it is ❚❚ Read Mark 8:34–37. What is the ultimate temptation and she who did the work of nursing Him as an infant. How danger of trusting our works? does Jesus respond? ❚❚ Read Rom. 8:38–39. What is the ultimate comfort that ❚❚ At the home of Mary and Martha, when Jesus was we are saved by Christ alone? present, the visit began with teaching that was followed by dinner. How is this reflected in Lutheran There is also a valuable lesson about worship. Too often, worship today? Christians are tempted to think of worship primarily as a

In Closing Living in this sinful world, there will be many things you Prayer wish you had, wish you could take back or wish you could O Lord, grant us the Spirit to hear Your Word and know the have done instead. Sin introduces all sorts of regrets and one thing needful that by Your Word and Spirit we may live uncertainties. But when it comes to salvation, you have the according to Your will; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our one thing needful: Christ, who has made you His own. Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 536. one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 11C).

Proper 11C | Three-Year Lectionary 28 Now All the Vault of Heaven Resounds Lutheran Service Book 465 | study by Paul Gregory Alms

Introduction The basketball stadium is hushed and quiet. The home It is a poor analogy, a very weak picture, but today’s hymn team had been down by twenty points at halftime against wants us to see Easter, our Lord’s magnificent resurrection a vastly superior opponent. But now with one second left from the dead, as something like the story above. “Christ the game is tied. A home team favorite player is at the foul has triumphed! He is living!” Heaven is filled with joy and line with one foul shot left. If he makes it, there will be that joy filters down to us, the Church on earth, as we join victory and rejoicing. If he misses, there will be dejection in the singing and praise of Christ’s triumph over death and sadness. He shoots and he makes it! The team goes and sin. crazy, jumping up and down and so do the stands. All the ❚❚ How is the story above like Easter Sunday? How is it fans start yelling and cheering and stomping so that the unlike Easter Sunday? whole stadium vibrates and rocks with the happiness of a great victory. ❚❚ How does Christ’s victory at Easter affect us?

Exploring the Scriptures One of the most important and beautiful parts of the Book The Scriptures testify that Christians are members of the of Revelation is its picture of heavenly worship. Read Rev. Body of Christ. We are baptized into Christ’s death and res- 5:11–13. urrection. We have been raised in our Baptism with Christ ❚❚ Who is being praised in these verses? in His resurrection. This shapes our lives as Christians. Read Col. 3:1–4. ❚❚ What kind of lamb is pictured in verse 12? Who is that ❚ lamb? When was He slain? ❚ What does verse 1 say has happened to us as Christians? ❚ ❚❚ Who are the creatures in these verses who are giving ❚ What are “the things that are above” that we are to seek praise to the Lamb and the one on the throne? and set our minds on? ❚ ❚❚ Does that include us? When do we join in? ❚ How have we died in Christ? ❚❚ What promise does verse 4 make about our future? The resurrection of Jesus from the dead is not simply a resuscitation. It does not simply mean He is alive again. It is Read 1 Cor. 15:51–57, especially verse 57. an event that brings great blessings to us. Read Rom. 8:11. ❚❚ Verse 57 tells us that God gives us the victory through our ❚❚ What Spirit dwells in us? Lord Jesus Christ. Victory over what? ❚❚ What did that Spirit do to Jesus? ❚❚ When has Christ won that victory? ❚❚ What promise does this verse give to us? ❚❚ What fact about our future fate does Paul assure us comes from the victory of Christ?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ One of the great strengths of the Lutheran church has Rev. Paul Strodach (1876–1947) was a Lutheran pastor who always been congregational hymn singing. What are was instrumental in putting together a Lutheran hymnal some of your favorite hymns in LSB? from the 1950s, Service Book and Hymnal. Part of his work ❚❚ The church has never stopped writing hymns. Every age on this hymnal included writing the text for this Easter produces its own great hymnic testaments to the faith. hymn and joining it to the very familiar tune “Lasst uns Do your favorite hymns tend to be older hymns from the erfreuen.” Though he died before the hymnal was pub- early centuries of the church or newer ones like this one? lished, this Easter hymn has gained great acceptance in the Lutheran church and beyond.

St. Mary Magdalene, July 22 | Three-Year Lectionary 29 Text we looked at above from the Book of Revelation are good The center of this hymn is the stirring phrase repeated examples of this joy. Stanza 2 goes on to invite us to join in throughout the stanzas: “Christ has triumphed! He is liv- that heavenly praise. ing!” This simple double exclamation ushers the singer into ❚❚ What reasons does stanza 2 give us to praise Christ and the heart of Easter joy. The Scriptures proclaim Christ’s His victory over death? death and resurrection as a victory over sin, death and the devil. Christ had to die to pay for sin, but He also rose to Easter is not only a victory and a reason for praising God, defeat sin and death for us. Easter is the great conquest of it is a present reality in the life of the believer. Christ lives Christ over our enemies. Read Ex. 15:1. and is with and in the Church and the individual Christian. ❚❚ What victory is being celebrated in that verse? Stanza 3 turns our focus to our daily lives and how Easter ❚❚ How does that victory compare with Christ’s triumph? transforms them. How are they the same and different? ❚❚ What petitions does the hymn address to our Lord? ❚❚ How do we also “conquer” as Christ has conquered? A major theme of this hymn is the idea that heaven rejoices at the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. The selections

Making the Connection The connection between earthly worship and heavenly Sometimes we can miss the full message of the resurrection worship is a profound and important thought. This hymn when we think of Easter as only “Jesus died and rose and invites us to repeat the songs of angels here on earth. We went to heaven.” This hymn reminds us that Christ is living do this literally in some parts of the liturgy (the Gloria, the and present among us: “Now still He comes to give us life / Sanctus) and in general throughout our worship when we And by His presence stills all strife.” praise Christ and His grace. ❚❚ How does Christ come to us now and give us gifts? ❚ ❚ What comfort does it bring you to know that heaven and ❚❚ What difference does it make when we face death to earth are joined in the same worship? know Christ is not only living but present with us every ❚❚ What moments of worship make you feel “closest moment? to heaven”?

In Closing The resurrection of Jesus is so much more than a winning Prayer three-point shot. It is the victory of God made flesh over ev- Almighty God the Father, through Your only-begotten Son, ery sin, death and the devil. Christ lives and is with us every Jesus Christ, You have overcome death and opened the gate day. We sing with heaven in praise of Him in our worship. of everlasting life to us. Grant that we, who celebrate with We truly have reason to sing with all creation: “Christ has joy the day of our Lord’s resurrection, may be raised from triumphed! He is living!” the death of sin by Your life-giving Spirit; through Jesus ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 465. Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Easter Day).

St. Mary Magdalene, July 22 | Three-Year Lectionary 30 Our Father, Who from Heaven Above Lutheran Service Book 766 | study by Bruce E. Keseman

Introduction Dad walks into the house at the end of the day. His daugh- From the Small Catechism, read the Introduction to the ter runs across the room, jumps into her father’s lap and Lord’s Prayer and its meaning (LSB, p. 323). exclaims, “Daddy, Daddy, listen to what happened to me ❚❚ How does the story above help you understand what today! Oh, but first would you help me, Daddy, ’cause I can’t prayer is? In what ways might the story be inadequate to ride my bike by myself. I need you. And Daddy, I heard that explain fully the privilege of prayer? a bad man attacked a little girl yesterday, so I’m scared. But I’m not scared when you’re with me. Thank you for being ❚❚ What is your earliest memory of praying the Lord’s here for me.” Prayer? Who taught you to pray it?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Luke 11:1–4, part of today’s Gospel. Finish reading today’s Gospel, Luke 11:11–13. ❚❚ What request do the disciples make that leads Jesus to ❚❚ Do even not-so-wise parents try to do what is bad for teach them — and us — the Lord’s Prayer? their children? Then what does Jesus’ story teach us? ❚❚ What differences are there between the words here and ❚❚ What does Jesus call us in verse 13? Why? For what the words of the Lord’s Prayer that you learned? Are any might that truth lead you to pray? of the differences significant? ❚❚ Our Father not only wants what is best for His children, but, unlike the rest of us parents, He also knows what is Now read Luke 11:5–11. Jesus’ story isn’t teaching us to pes- best for His children and always does what is best for us. ter God until He gives us what we want. Instead, His point How might that certainty affect the way you pray? is that if an ordinary man will give even to an “impudent” begging neighbor, how much more is our loving Father ❚❚ Why might Jesus particularly teach us to ask God for the willing to give to us, His dear children, everything that we Holy Spirit in verse 13? The catechism’s explanation of need. So, ask away! the Third Article of the Apostles’ Creed (LSB, p. 323) may provide some hints. ❚❚ How might the promise in verses 9–10 affect how you pray?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Most of us agree that it is important for sermons to be Martin Luther (1483–1546) wrote “Our Father, Who from doctrinally pure. Since we retain what we hear sung Heaven Above” to help us understand the Lord’s Prayer. He longer than we retain what we hear spoken, is it even also wrote hymns to teach other parts of the catechism: the more important for what we sing in worship — and for Commandments (LSB 581), the Creed (LSB 954), Baptism what our children sing in Sunday school — to teach (LSB 406) and the Sacrament of the Altar (LSB 617). nothing but the truth? Explain your answer. Stanzas 2–8 of “Our Father” each explain the meaning of a different petition of the Lord’s Prayer. So, singing this Text hymn is like singing the catechism! Luther and the reform- In your LSB, place ribbons at page 323 (the Lord’s Prayer ers often used hymns to help plant the truths of Scripture section of the catechism) and hymn 766, so that you can into the hearts of the people. turn back and forth. Then read the Introduction to the ❚❚ Educators say that we retain information that we sing Lord’s Prayer and stanza 1 of the hymn. Notice that the cat- better than information we speak. Why do you think that echism emphasizes that God is our Father, while the hymn might be? How do you think that should affect the way we emphasizes that He is our Father, that is, it focuses on our teach young Christians? unity as one family. ❚❚ In what ways are each of those emphases important?

Proper 12C, the Sixth Sunday of Easter and the Day of Supplication and Prayer | Three-Year Lectionary 31 ❚❚ How might each of those emphases influence ❚❚ In what ways can you express your thanks to God for your prayers? supplying your daily bread?

Read Rom. 8:14–17. It says the Holy Spirit teaches us that Now read stanzas 6–7 and the Fifth and Sixth Petitions. we are God’s children and heirs. ❚❚ What would happen to our prayers if Christ had not given ❚❚ How does your Baptism make it possible for you to call His life for the forgiveness of our sins? God “Abba,” that is, “Daddy”? What does He give you as ❚❚ What does the Fifth Petition teach us to do when it is an inheritance? difficult for us to forgive someone? ❚ ❚ How might understanding God as “Daddy” alter the way ❚❚ Why do we need to pray, “Lead us not into temptation”? we pray? What are we asking God to do?

Now read the meaning of the First and Second Petitions ❚❚ How does our Lord rescue us when we are tempted? (For and stanzas 2–3 of the hymn. examples, see 1 Cor. 10:13 and Eph. 6:13–20.) ❚ ❚ Can we make God’s name holy? What are some ways you Read the Seventh Petition and stanza 8 of the hymn. can treat His name as holy? ❚❚ In what way can this petition be called a summary of the ❚ ❚ What connection is there between the First Petition and entire Lord’s Prayer? the Second Commandment (LSB, p. 321)? ❚❚ Why might Luther teach us that “a blessed end” is the ❚ ❚ What is God’s kingdom? ultimate way God delivers us from evil? How does 2 ❚❚ How are you made a citizen of God’s kingdom? Look at Tim. 4:18, which was probably written by Paul from the Luke 12:32 and Rom. 10:17. equivalent of death row, assure you as you pray and as ❚❚ What is God’s will for you and all people? See 1 Tim. you live? 2:3–6. How does God accomplish His will in our lives? Finally, read stanza 9 and the Conclusion to the Read stanza 5 and the Fourth Petition, where Jesus teaches Lord’s Prayer. us to ask God to supply our earthly needs. ❚❚ What does “amen” mean? ❚❚ Look at everything the catechism and hymn call “daily ❚❚ How are Jesus’ death and resurrection essential for you to bread.” How might you be prevented from eating a slice be able to say “amen” with confidence? of bread if God didn’t provide all those gifts? Consider ❚❚ How can you be sure that your prayers are pleasing to everything necessary to permit a farmer’s grain of wheat God and that He will answer them? to grow and then be harvested, milled, processed, baked, distributed and bought so that you can eat that bread.

Making the Connection The Lord’s Prayer is a model prayer, that is, Jesus uses it to come” could lead you to ask that God protect missionaries teach us to pray (Luke 11:1–4). So, for each petition of the as they speak Christ’s kingdom-expanding Gospel, and Lord’s Prayer, write at least three things for which the peti- “lead us not into temptation” might prompt you to ask for tion prompts you to pray. For instance, “Our Father” might help with a specific temptation in your life. cause you to thank God for your Baptism, “Thy kingdom

In Closing Look back at the story of the father and daughter at the Prayer beginning of this study. In order to better teach what prayer O Lord, let Your merciful ears be attentive to the prayers of is, how might you change the story? How could the story Your servants, and by Your Word and Spirit teach us how to better show how important Jesus’ death and resurrection pray that our petitions may be pleasing before You; through are to your prayers? Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 766. You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 12C).

Proper 12C, the Sixth Sunday of Easter and the Day of Supplication and Prayer | Three-Year Lectionary 32 Christ, the Life of All the Living Lutheran Service Book 420 | study by Allen D. Lunneberg

Introduction It may seem odd that a Lenten hymn should be the hymn ❚❚ Read Acts 12:1–5. How was James martyred? of the day near the end of July. But today we commemorate ❚❚ What words of Jesus describe James’ eventual suffering St. James the Elder, the brother of the Apostle John, a son of and martyrdom (Mark 10:38–39)? Zebedee. When we recall Jesus’ prediction of James’ destiny, however, it becomes clear why we should meditate on a hymn ❚❚ What is the hope stated in the very first line of the hymn describing our Lord’s passion and its greater meaning. in the face of any and all suffering and death?

Exploring the Scriptures James and John’s request reveals how self-centered we can ❚❚ In stanza 1 of the hymn, which phrases describe our be, even the best among us (Mark 10:38–39). It surpris- Lord’s vicarious atonement, that His death was for es us to read this about those closest to Jesus. It did not, my life? however, surprise Jesus. He didn’t reprimand them but ❚❚ How does that compare with Is. 53:5? With 1 Peter 2:24? gently brought the conversation around to the beautiful description of His way of love and servanthood. “For even ❚❚ What details of Matt. 27:28–31 describe the “pain and the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to scorn” that were heaped upon Jesus? give his life as a ransom for many” (Mark 10:45). It is that ❚❚ What detail of Christ’s suffering do we learn from Matt. service, life and ransom that is so thoroughly described in 26:56 and Mark 14:50? In what words is this reflected in our hymn. stanza 3 of our hymn? ❚❚ In one word, what is the goal of Jesus’ innocent atoning ❚❚ 1 Corinthians 15:57 is the basis for our hymn’s refrain. death according to the following passages? What words describe St. Paul’s response to the fact that ¬¬ John 1:4 Christ’s resurrection has defeated sin and death, and ¬¬ John 6:33 fulfilled the Law for us? ¬¬ John 10:27 ¬¬ John 14:6

Exploring the Hymn Background What are some of the troubles of “secular life” in our day Written in 1659 by Ernest Christoph Homburg (1605–81), and age? this text does more than merely report certain details of ❚❚ How does the death of Christ relate to our troubles? our Lord’s crucifixion; it probes the deep and personal faith the author experienced being converted from a troubled ❚❚ In what ways does our pride lead us away from faith in secular life. Christ? An omitted stanza of the original hymn speaks pointedly ❚❚ How does dying become “painless” by faith in Christ? to the proud request of James and his brother (Mark 10:37). Sing or speak this entire stanza: Text That Thou wast so meek and stainless The first four stanzas describe the physical and verbal abuse Doth atone for my proud mood; of Jesus by His accusers and the soldiers. Stanza 3 mentions And Thy death makes dying painless, Christ enduring “the curse of God.” Paul wrote, “Christ All Thy ills have wrought our good; redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse Yea, the shame Thou didst endure for us—for it is written, ‘Cursed is everyone who is hanged Is my honour and my cure: on a tree’” (Gal. 3:13). Thousand, thousand thanks shall be, Stanza 5 addresses a person’s personal involvement and Blessèd Jesus, brought to Thee.1 the great exchange that because of Christ’s suffering I am

1 David Thomas, ed.,The Augustine Hymn Book (London: Pitman, 1923), 402:4, 127.

St. James the Elder, July 25 | Three-Year Lectionary 33 freed “from pain,” the false accusations of Christ mean ❚❚ What is “my doom” that His sacrifice prevents? my security, Christ’s lack of comfort means comfort for my soul. We are so used to giving thanks mainly for blessings re- ❚❚ Read Ps. 27:12. What words in stanza 5 refer to this? ceived, for the good and pleasant gifts of God and things in life. Stanza 7, however, concludes our hymn with thanksgiv- ❚❚ We still experience pain, worry and discomfort. ing “for all that wrought my pardon.” List the seven things ❚❚ What does stanza 5 have in mind to make its amazing for which we give thanks in this stanza. claims that we are freed from this? ❚❚ What is “that last triumphant cry” (John 19:30)? Why is it ❚❚ Stanza 6 treats of Jesus’ crucifixion as “atonement.” called “triumphant”?

Making the Connection Remembering that this hymn was chosen as the chief The extent of your service and the troubles or sufferings hymn for the feast of St. James the Elder, in contrast to our endured in serving people who, many times, do not appre- common, sinful selfishness or ego the main theme is in the ciate our service must always be with the love and the mind words of Jesus, “whoever would be great among you must of Christ. be your servant, and whoever would be first among you ❚❚ How does the service and passion of Jesus inspire or must be slave of all. For even the Son of Man came not to motivate our service to others? be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many” (Mark 10:43–45). ❚❚ How does the suffering and death of Jesus encourage us in our sufferings and troubles?

In Closing The date of the commemoration of St. James the Elder is Prayers July 25. The hymn chosen for this commemoration is a O gracious God, Your servant and apostle James was the wonderful Lenten hymn. Though it may seem odd to sing first among the Twelve to suffer martyrdom for the name of a hymn from the season of Lent in the middle of summer, Jesus Christ. Pour out upon the leaders of Your Church that we know that every day of the Christian life is character- spirit of self- denying service that they may forsake all false ized by repentance and faith because the struggle against and passing allurements and follow Christ alone, who lives sin, though it has been decisively defeated by Christ on the and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and cross, is still a daily battle of living in the forgiveness of our forever. Amen (Collect for St. James the Elder, Apostle). sins. In the same way, in Holy Communion, even though every Sunday is a celebration of Easter, as St. Paul said, “as O God, You resist the proud and give grace to the hum- often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim ble. Grant us true humility after the likeness of Your only the Lord’s death until he comes” (1 Cor. 11:26). For it is the Son that we may never be arrogant and prideful and thus Lord’s death that is our ransom, our true pride and the provoke Your wrath but in all lowliness be made partakers cause of our “thousand, thousand thanks” to God. of the gifts of Your grace; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. ❚❚ Sing or read together LSB 420. Amen (For humility, LSB, p. 312).

St. James the Elder, July 25 | Three-Year Lectionary 34 Gracious God, You Send Great Blessings Lutheran Service Book 782 | study by Charles Gustafson

Introduction A little boy was at a local pizza shop in Queens, New York. Today’s hymn focuses upon the blessings God grants to He was there with his family awaiting a pizza the father us and how we are to respond to them with the result that had ordered. The lad noticed a homeless person with no God’s name is glorified. food sitting on a bench outside the shop. He asked his ❚❚ Make a list of the gifts God has given to you this father if he could take his slice of pizza and give it to the past year. In what ways have you shared them with unknown person. “What a son that man has!” spoke a other people? lady sitting at the counter. “I’ll bet he’s just like his dad,” replied another. ❚❚ When you share what God has given you, do you share for the sake of bringing glory to God, or does that simply happen because of the act?

Exploring the Scriptures Stewardship is sometimes understood to be a code word unused. The Gospel for today, Luke 12:13–21, reminds for the development of better giving habits within a church. us about our propensity toward hoarding, and the Old This hymn is found in the Stewardship section of the Testament lesson, Eccl. 2:18–26, reminds us of the vanity hymnal, but rather than reflecting the motive for increased of our toil if we do not use, in accordance with God’s will, giving, its theme is the proper management of everything what it is we have reaped. God has first given us. ❚❚ How does the refrain of the hymn become a prayer for us ❚❚ Look up 1 John 3:16–18. In what way did God show to be better stewards? His love toward humanity? How does that way become ❚❚ In light of the Gospel lesson for today, what do the words motivation for us to show our love? What are some of the “As we tend that endless treasure / May our care encircle tangible ways that we can express godlike love to others? all” (st. 2) mean to you? ❚❚ How do the ways mentioned above “bear the imprint of [God’s] grace” (st. 4)? The Bible passage 1 Peter 4:10–11 serves as a core text for this hymn. According to this text: Sometimes congregations and individuals within the ❚❚ Is stewardship only about the sharing of material church can be accused of hoarding the blessings God blessings? has given to them. This happens at times in the forms of large bank accounts or even in endowment funds that go ❚❚ Is the point of stewardship the simple sharing of gifts, or is it something else?

Exploring the Hymn Background The twenty-first century is being shaped by humanity’s con- Dr. Gregory Wismar (b. 1946) is an ordained minis- cern over the earth’s ecology. Entire societies and individu- ter in Connecticut who became chairman of the LCMS als are urged to “go green.” Commission on Worship in 2004. It was observed in the ❚❚ How does this hymn support the concern about the process of setting the hymn corpus of Lutheran Service environment and the preservation of the blessings God Book that no entirely new texts were included in the has granted through nature? Stewardship section. In order to respond to this concern, Dr. Wismar agreed to develop a text that would reflect the Upon review by the Hymnal Subcommittee, the final line of stewardship of creation as well as the traditional themes of the hymn was changed from “Praise be Yours through time stewardship of time and treasures. and space” to “Praise be Yours in ev’ry place.” ❚ ❚ What does stewardship of creation mean to you? Why is ❚❚ How might our caring for God’s gifts bring praise to God it important? in every place?

Proper 13C | Three-Year Lectionary 35 ❚❚ How might our lack of concern for the same dishonor the Jesus, God’s Son, our Brother and Lord, is like us in every gift as well as the giver? way; He is fully human. During His ministry He suffered the needs experienced by all people. Stanza 3 of the hymn Text picks up on the fact that many people cared for Jesus. The words of the hymn remind us that all things come from Luke 8:1–3 notes the fact that caring women provided for a merciful and loving God. The first stanza recalls Lam. the needs of Jesus and His disciples. Mary, Martha and 3:22–23, “The steadfast love of the LORD never ceases; his Lazarus provided a place for Jesus to stay (John 12:1–3), and mercies never come to an end; they are new every morning.” Simon the leper offered hospitality as well (Mark 14:3). In ❚❚ How aware are you of the mercies of God given to you Matt. 25:40 we are reminded that helping those in need is each day? Can you enumerate them? helping Christ indeed. ❚❚ How can assisting those in need by using the blessings In the meaning to the First Article of the Apostles’ Creed, God has given you be considered an expression of Luther speaks to the gracious nature of almighty God, who devotion to Jesus the Savior? gives good things to humanity, when he writes, “He also ❚❚ Does your church have any special ministries to gives me clothing and shoes, food and drink, house and those in need inside the congregation and beyond the home, wife and children, land, animals, and all I have. … congregation? Discuss the needs and make possible All this He does only out of fatherly, divine goodness and additions to the list. mercy” (LSB, p. 322). The hymn’s second stanza reminds us that this has been God’s nature since creation. The final stanza serves as a doxological stanza, praising ❚❚ Why does God the Father give humanity “great the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The context is not that of blessings”? Are they given solely so that we can be formal worship but of everyday caring for God’s creation blessed? Are they given so that we can show God’s mercy and all of humanity. to others by using them to be a blessing to others? Are ❚❚ Do you think that the works of social ministry can be they given because God’s nature is to be benevolent? considered forms of worship?

Making the Connection This hymn seems to diagram stages of stewardship. There ❚❚ What is stage two of stewardship? are basically three stages to consider. ❚❚ In the hymn, what do you think stage one of stewardship Stanza 3 explains that through proper stewardship the is (st. 1)? Who are we to recognize in this stage and what needs of others are met. is He to be recognized for? ❚❚ Does stage three end in the serving of other people, or does that serving offer “love that never ends”? Stanza 2 reinforces the point of stage one, stating, “By your Word You formed creation,” yet the second part of the stanza conveys even more, a stage two of stewardship.

In Closing Sing the doxology, “Praise God, from Whom All Blessings Prayer Flow,” (LSB 805), which reflects the theme of the hymn O Lord, grant us wisdom to recognize the treasures You studied, acknowledging that all comes from God and that have stored up for us in heaven, that we may never despair the proper stewardship of His gifts is praise to the one from but always rejoice and be thankful for the riches of Your whom all blessings flow. grace; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 782. and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 13C).

Proper 13C | Three-Year Lectionary 36 O Little Flock, Fear Not the Foe Lutheran Service Book 666 | study by Larry A. Peters

Introduction Buildings skip the thirteenth floor and some states skip told we have no enemies or that faith and life are easy, but “666” in their license plate numbers. We have all sorts of rather from the promise, presence and power of Christ for fears and superstitions. Maybe some were surprised that a us, with us and in us. hymnal would include a hymn numbered 666 — the famil- ❚❚ Is the devil real? We live in a modern world. Are we iar number of the beast from Rev. 13:18. Even saying the tempted to deny the reality of evil and its power? number can send shivers up our spines. The hymn chosen for this place in the hymnal directly confronts these fears ❚❚ How do we know the devil is real and powerful? with the power, presence and promises of God. ❚❚ How have perceptions of the devil and his power Though it is tempting to dismiss fear, our Lord never dis- changed over time? Are the images we have of the devil misses the enemies of His people but openly acknowledges and his power shaped by the truth of God’s Word or the them and their power. Our comfort comes not from being imaginations of authors and screenwriters?

Exploring the Scriptures The Lessons for today confront us with things to fear: our Hebrews 11:1 is the classic definition of faith, “the assurance futures (Gen. 15:1–6), the world and our responsibilities to of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen.” In and in it (Heb. 11:1–16), this life and all the needs we have in faith we struggle to trust in what we cannot see in the face it (Luke 12:22–40) and our faith tested, tried, tempted and of what we do see. The saints are remembered for their assaulted. In the midst of so much that might cause us to trust (faith). Many of them died without ever having seen fear, God promises to be our shield, reward, future, guard, with their eyes what they hoped for in their hearts. guide and supply. He has sent His own Son to do battle ❚❚ Do you struggle with the seeming contradiction between in our place and for us. He calls us to surrender our fears, God’s promises and what you see around you? trust in His mercy, depend upon His wisdom and put our faith in His good and gracious will — no matter what our ❚❚ Our enemies shout while God is quiet and hidden. How eyes see around us! do we respond to our loud enemies? In Genesis 15, Abraham admits his fears and laments how hopeless his situation appears. “Fear not” says Jesus (Luke 12:32). How easy fear is! We have needs, responsibilities and burdens. We live in a world ❚ ❚ Have you ever felt like Abraham and Sarah? too unfriendly to us and faith — one in which the evil ❚❚ Have you ever been tempted to give up because the future prosper and the good suffer. We know that evil is real. Faith seemed impossible? struggles to know God is real. That He knows our needs. ❚❚ Abraham laid out his fears before the Lord and His Our problem is not with a weak or unwilling God but with promises. How did the story turn out? the call to trust and endure. ❚ ❚❚ Abraham’s faith was credited him as righteousness. Does ❚ Do you believe this? Is faith enough? Is Christ enough? faith still commend us before the Lord? In the face of so many and great enemies, is faith enough?

Exploring the Hymn Background generally thought that Gustavus Adolphus provided the It is not certain who wrote our hymn. It has been attributed inspiration for this hymn. to Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden (1594–1632), his What we do know is the circumstance that thrust this court preacher, Jacob Fabricius (1593– 1664) and Pastor text to the forefront of history. It was a time of despair and Johann Altenburg (1584–1640). Lutheran Service Book conflict. In the Thirty Years’ War, the battle of Lüzten was credits Jacob Fabricius as did Lutheran Worship. The the turning point. Gustavus Adolphus came with forces to Lutheran Hymnal (1941) credits Pastor Altenburg. It is strengthen the Lutherans. Before battle on Nov. 6, 1632,

Proper 14C | Three-Year Lectionary 37 the king sang this hymn and “A Mighty Fortress.” In the “Vengeance is mine” says the Lord (Rom. 12:19; Heb. 10:30). end, the Lutheran side prevailed but the victorious king was We often presume we must respond appropriately and pro- killed in battle. So it was called “The King’s swansong.” portionately to threats. God says He will avenge the wrongs ❚❚ How well do these words work as a “fight song”? done to us. Read stanza 2. ❚ ❚❚ Gustavus Adolphus died valiantly in battle. Was he still ❚ Can we trust God to do this? Can we await Him and His victorious? Was he triumphant by faith? timing to answer our desire for vindication? ❚ ❚❚ Many hymns from this period are in our hymnal. Do we ❚ What if we never get to see the wrongs done to us avenged face fears and challenges in our own age? Do we need or evil punished? Is God’s promise enough? battle hymns of the faith to sing today? Jesus promises that the gates of hell shall not prevail Text against His Church (Matt. 16:18). The hymn describes the The reality of the devil and enemies that threaten our pres- assaults of Satan as a joke (st. 3). ent and eternal life is a somber subject. When this hymn ❚❚ In what way are they a joke? Do they feel like a joke? was published in the Leipzig hymnbook of 1638, it was ❚❚ On whom does our victory rest? described as “A soul-rejoicing hymn of consolation upon the watchword — God with us.” Read the stanzas of this hymn. War imagery is ancient in Scripture and Christianity, but ❚❚ Do they bear out this claim? we live in an age in which such militancy is out of step with ❚❚ Do they cause us to rejoice? Do they console us with the times. The words to the hymn paraphrase the actual God’s presence and power? words of Gustavus Adolphus: “Jesus, Jesus, help me fight today for the honor of Your holy name.” St. Paul says we ❚❚ Read Jesus’ words in Luke 12:32 and read stanza 1 again. fight the good fight of faith (1 Tim. 6:12; 2 Tim. 4:7). Read ❚❚ Faith’s challenge is always the same: Can we trust the stanza 4. Lord? Can we sing these words with confidence? ❚❚ Who is our captain? Who fights for us? ❚❚ Where do we look for the guarantee of our victory? ❚❚ Who has obtained the eternal victory for us? ❚❚ What has limited Satan to this “little hour”? ❚❚ Who will raise the saints and martyrs from the dust of ❚❚ Read 2 Tim. 4:18. Can we ever have certainty? the earth to eternal life? ❚❚ Do we stand with them in the fight and in the faith?

Making the Connection Christians do face loneliness and fear. We are tempted by ❚❚ Is there a sense in which we sing this both to convince quick and easy victories and a comfortable earthly life. ourselves this is enough and to confess what God has Jesus warns us about the fight, about the enemies and about promised? the struggle ahead of us (Matt. 5:1– 11). Yet here we sing, ❚❚ Our enemies are strong. Is Christ stronger? “God is with us and we with God” (st. 3). ❚❚ Has the outcome already been determined? Is the fight still in question or is the victory sealed? ❚❚ How do we know this?

In Closing In the Our Father we pray, “Deliver us from evil [literally, ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 666. the evil one].” This prayer addresses our enemies but specifically the devil. We have a real and powerful Savior who Prayer fought once on Calvary and won and who still fights for us Almighty and merciful God, it is by Your grace that we live every day. When it seems the wicked prosper, the king- as Your people who offer acceptable service. Grant that we dom of God is in retreat and the devil is winning, we look may walk by faith, and not by sight, in the way that leads to to the cross. There our fears are met with His all-availing eternal life; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who sacrificial death. There we learn to say, first haltingly, then lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now confidently, “Christ is enough.” and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 14C).

Proper 14C | Three-Year Lectionary 38 Lord, Keep Us Steadfast in Your Word Lutheran Service Book 655 | study by Marion Lars Hendrickson

Introduction Read the Sixth Petition of the Lord’s Prayer and its mean- ❚❚ What does it mean to “overcome them and win the ing from the Small Catechism (LSB, p. 324). victory”? Do they no longer touch a person of faith? ❚❚ Name some concrete examples of how “the devil, the world, and our sinful nature” attack a person of faith.

Exploring the Scriptures Read Jer. 23:16–29. Read Luke 12:49–56. ❚❚ In verses 16–17, why does the Lord warn the people not to ❚❚ How would you harmonize Jesus’ words in verse 51, “Do listen to false prophets? you think that I have come to give peace on earth? No, I ❚❚ What is the great danger of listening to false prophets (v. tell you, but rather division,” with the song of the angels 27)? Where can such forgetting lead? at His birth, “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace” (Luke 2:14)? ❚❚ What do verses 19–20 suggest? Is there a connection ❚ between these verses and the people listening to the ❚ List some ways that the person and work of Jesus can be false prophets? divisive today. Must these be divisive? Why or why not? ❚❚ In verse 50 Jesus refers to a coming “baptism.” Since He Read Heb. 11:17–12:3. was already baptized in the Jordan by John, what is He ❚❚ What is the author’s point? speaking about here? ❚ ❚❚ “By faith” is a recurring phrase throughout the list of the ❚ Why might He have more distress waiting for that great works of God’s people of old. How do these two “baptism” than undergoing that “baptism”? words qualify and refine these great works? ❚❚ How does Jesus’ “baptism” bring together both the ❚❚ Like St. Paul, the author of Hebrews begins chapter 12 divisiveness and the peace inherent in His coming? with “therefore” in order to draw a conclusion. What is ❚❚ In what ways might that “baptism” be the best sign for his conclusion? our times today (v. 56)? ❚❚ How are joy, shame and endurance (v. 2) held together in Jesus?

Exploring the Hymn Background enemies of the Gospel: “Lord, keep us in Thy Word and In the first part of the sixteenth century, not only was the work, / Restrain the murderous Pope and Turk, / Who fain young Lutheran church dealing with the conflicts of the would tear from off Thy throne / Christ Jesus, Thy beloved Reformation, but the Ottoman Empire was also making Son.” In time, these particular enemies became the more inroads onto the European continent. 1521 marked Luther’s general enemies of Christ’s Church, as shown in stanza 1. confrontation with the Holy Roman Empire at Worms, ❚❚ Who or what could be named today as enemies of Christ Germany. In 1530, the Lutherans presented their con- and His Church? fession to the Empire and to the Roman Catholic Church at Augsburg. Near the same time, Sultan Suleiman the ❚❚ Did you include yourself? Why or why not? Magnificent was leading the armies of the Ottoman Empire into the Kingdom of Hungary in 1526, attacking Hapsburg Luther viewed these threats as the harsh “rod” or discipline Vienna in 1529 and 1532, invading Moldavia in 1538 and of God, justly deserved by sinners (see AE 43:232). taking the twin Hungarian cities of Buda and Pest in 1541. ❚❚ How can the severe trials of life be God’s discipline? Is Luther included this joint threat in his hymn of discipline the same as punishment? Explain. 1541/1542. The opening stanza originally listed both

Proper 15C and Proper 21A | Three-Year Lectionary 39 ❚❚ Where does a person of faith find hope under the harsh ❚❚ Is He using the word “abide” in the same way St. John “rod” of God? How does such hope sustain a person of does in his second epistle above? Different? faith in the midst of troubles? ❚❚ Read Jesus’ “High Priestly Prayer” in John 17. How do His words expand our understanding of abiding? Text The three stanzas of this hymn form a trinitarian prayer. In ❚❚ In verses 14–15, Jesus speaks of a consequence of our stanza 1, we implore God the Father to “keep” and to “curb.” abiding with Him. What is it? How does such hatred come about? ❚❚ Read Ps. 119:5–10. What keeps the psalmist steadfast (v. 5)? On what does he fix his eyes (v. 6)? What makes his ❚❚ In verse 14, Jesus’ prayer is similar to our prayer in this heart upright (v. 7)? hymn. Verses 17–19 tell us how God answers this prayer. How are we sanctified/consecrated by abiding with Christ ❚ ❚ Is this merely a matter of obedience to God’s Law? What in God’s Word? does verse 9 add to your answer? ❚❚ Read 2 John 9. What does it mean to “abide in the Stanza 3 draws the first two stanzas into a petition to the teaching of Christ”? What does it mean to “not abide” in Holy Spirit. that teaching? ❚❚ Read Eph. 4:1–6. Abiding with Christ becomes “walking” ❚❚ As he does in his first epistle, St. John writes of a in that calling. How are these two expressions the same? fellowship in this “abiding.” With whom? In what ways What are the hallmarks of such walking (vv. 2–3)? Are does this make “the teaching of Christ” also a “confessing such things the result of our walking or of the calling in of Christ” in faith? which we walk? Explain. ❚❚ These verses seem to address only the prayer of “keeping ❚❚ Stanza 3 implores the Spirit, “Send peace and unity on us steadfast.” In what ways do these verses from Psalm earth.” In what ways do the words of Ephesians 4 address 119 and 2 John also speak to our prayer for God’s the subject of peace? “curbing” work in this stanza? ❚❚ Who is the common element inhabiting and making possible the unity expressed in verses 4–6? Stanza 2 implores the defending work of Jesus, the Son. Read John 8:31. Jesus speaks about abiding. ❚❚ See also Rom. 5:3–5. How does our abiding (God with us, us with God, by His Spirit) yield the sequence of suffering, endurance, character and hope?

Making the Connection Luther wrote, “Jesus Christ, God’s Son, has by his most glory” (AE 42:141). Luther’s hymn is less about escape from holy touch consecrated and hallowed all sufferings, even troubles than it is a cry for faithful endurance in the midst death itself, has blessed the curse, and has glorified shame of troubles. What difference does this make for us in living and enriched poverty so that death is now a door to life, as Christians? the curse a fount of blessing, and shame the mother of ❚❚ Where, then, does our hope lie in the midst of troubles?

In Closing When we are tempted to discern God’s inscrutable will in Prayer the suffering of this world, the Small Catechism reminds Merciful Lord, cleanse and defend Your Church by the sac- us: “God’s will is done when He breaks and hinders every rifice of Christ. United with Him in Holy Baptism, give us evil plan and purpose of the devil, the world, and our sinful grace to receive with thanksgiving the fruits of His redeem- nature … and when He strengthens and keeps us firm in ing work and daily follow in His way; through the same His Word and faith until we die” (LSB, p. 324). Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 655. You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 15C).

Proper 15C and Proper 21A | Three-Year Lectionary 40 Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones Lutheran Service Book 670 | study by Robert A. Sorensen

Introduction Because of the unique role she played in the history of salva- faithfully fulfilled her task of bearing and raising the Son tion, the Church has long afforded a special place of honor of God — Lutherans are leery of getting carried away in her to Mary, the mother of our Lord Jesus. In order to highlight praise. We take pains to avoid worshiping Mary (or any oth- her importance in God’s unfolding plan of redemption, er saint), lest we put a creature in the place of the Creator numerous church fathers have contrasted the Virgin Mary and give to another that which is reserved for God alone. At with Eve. Writing in about AD 180, Irenaeus of Lyons did the same time, we Lutherans have retained the observance so in these words, of honoring Mary with a holiday. Accordingly, it is fitting “And just as it was through a virgin who disobeyed that we clarify our doctrine and attitudes about questions that man was stricken and fell and died, so too it was such as these: through the Virgin, who obeyed the word of God, ❚❚ According to the Bible, what is a “saint”? In light of that man resuscitated by life received life” what the Bible says about the saints, what should be our (Irenaeus of Lyons, “Proof of the Apostolic Preaching”, ed. Johannes Quasten and Joseph C. attitude towards the great heroes of the faith? Plumpe, [Westminster, Maryland: The Newman Press, 1952], 69). ❚❚ Which attitudes towards the Virgin Mary seem extreme, While we recognize Mary’s unique role in the unfolding of going too far to one side or to the other? See if you can God’s plan of salvation — the fact that she embraced and cite specific examples.

Exploring the Scriptures The Epistle lesson appointed for this holy day is Gal. 4:4–7. Now turn to the appointed Gospel lesson for today, Luke After reading this passage, carefully answer the following 1:39–55. After reviewing this passage, discuss the following questions. questions. ❚❚ How does this passage support the Small Catechism’s ❚❚ For what reasons does Elizabeth call Mary “blessed” explanation that Jesus Christ is both “true God, begotten (vv. 42–45)? Is Mary uniquely blessed by God or have all of the Father from eternity, and also true man, born of Christians been blessed just as she was? the virgin Mary” (LSB, p. 322)? ❚❚ What does Mary mean when she says, “from now on all ❚❚ How does John 1:1–4, 14–18 reinforce this understanding generations will call me blessed” (v. 48)? that Jesus is both fully divine and fully human? Where ❚❚ At numerous places Mary’s song of praise (vv. 46–55) does the Nicene Creed convey the same idea? emphasizes the idea that God gives grace to the humble ❚❚ Why has the Church insisted upon both of Christ’s and lowly but opposes the proud and mighty. How should natures, that is, Jesus’ full divinity and complete that theme shape our attitude towards Mary and the rest humanity? What is at stake? of the saints?

Exploring the Hymn Background century. In this regard, note that three other hymns in LSB The hymn under review today was written by one of the ed- (465, 493, 816) share this musical setting. itors of the 1906 English Hymnal, namely, John Athelstan More pertinent to this present discussion, however, are Laurie Riley (1858–1945). Thus, this text may be under- the words and structure of this hymn’s text. In this regard, stood as being of a more recent vintage. But there is more to Riley’s expertise in ancient Greek and Latin as well as his the story. As will be shown, this hymn borrows much from role as translator of ancient hymns for the aforementioned the traditions of both the Eastern and Western branches of Anglican hymnal are important. the church. In simple terms, this hymn is structured as follows. The Riley’s most obvious borrowing is the tune. This hymn is first stanza is addressed to the various orders of angels, set to Lasst uns erfreuen, a melody that has been a favorite urging them to praise the Lord. Here, Riley is indebted since its appearance in Germany in the early seventeenth to the nine ranks of angels systematized by the Celestial

St. Mary, Mother of Our Lord, August 15 | Three-Year Lectionary 41 Hierarchy of the Greek father Dionysius the Pseudo- ❚❚ What does the Bible say about the different angels, Areopagite (c. 500). especially with regard to their divinely appointed tasks? The second stanza is a paraphrase of a Greek Orthodox See Gen. 3:24; Ps.91:10–12; Is. 6:1–3; Matt. 18:10; and hymn known as the Theotokion, the “Hymn to the Mother Heb. 1:14. of God.” This chant is also part of the Greek Orthodox tradition and dates from no later than the fifth century. In this hymn’s second stanza, Mary is singled out. She is Stanza 3 shows a less direct borrowing. It calls upon the addressed as the “bearer of the eternal Word.” souls in heaven — those of the faithful departed, prophets, ❚❚ To which Bible passage (previously read in this lesson) patriarchs, martyrs and so forth — to join in the eternal does this hymn refer when it speaks of Mary as bearer of triumphant song. “the Word”? Finally, the last stanza wraps things up by inviting the saints on earth, also known as the Church Militant, to join ❚❚ In this connection, see also Luke 1:31–33. in the heavenly praise. Stanza 3 makes reference to others who are now part of the ❚ ❚ Are you familiar with the doctrine that our earthly heavenly court. These are the souls of those who departed worship actually unites with the worship of the angels in the faith, as well as the patriarchs, the prophets, the and saints in heaven? Twelve, the martyrs and the saints triumphant. ❚ ❚ How can that understanding inform people’s appreciation ❚❚ How many of these characters appear in the vision of their Sunday worship? How might it shape one’s sense described in Rev. 7:9–15? How about the scene depicted of reverence and awe? in Rev. 5:8–9? Text ❚❚ How about Luke 13:22–30? As was mentioned above, this hymn’s first stanza addresses the various angelic orders in heaven, exhorting them to give The concluding stanza turns its address to the earthly praise to God. realm, calling us also to join in the heavenly chorus. ❚❚ Which names of the various angelic orders are familiar to ❚❚ Can you think of any parts of our liturgy or hymns that you? What terms are new to you? do this very thing, inviting us to sing the very words that are being sung in heaven?

Making the Connection Though this hymn certainly sets into high relief the unique Having now considered the holiday established for St. role played by Mary, it does not offer her praise or ado- Mary, as well as that feast’s hymn of the day, answer these ration. Instead, it depicts her as one of many saints who questions. worship God before the throne in heaven. She is afforded ❚❚ Do we Lutherans make too big a deal of the different unmistakable prominence, but only because of what God saints’ days or not enough? has done for and through her. Hers was the singular honor of bearing the eternal Word made flesh, the God-man ❚❚ What kind of balance needs to be struck and maintained Jesus Christ. in the observance of St. Mary’s day, especially for evangelical-Lutheran Christians?

In Closing When we praise another Christian rightly, we are in fact Prayer praising God — the Father who created him, the Son who Almighty God, You chose the virgin Mary to be the mother has freely given His redeeming grace to her and the Spirit of Your only Son. Grant that we, who are redeemed by His who dwells within. Understood this way, we can remember blood, may share with her in the glory of Your eternal king- and offer thanks for so many things that God has accom- dom; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives plished through His people. and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and ❚❚ Read together “Mary’s Hymn of Praise” (Luke 1:46–55). forever. Amen (Collect for St. Mary, Mother of Our Lord). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 670.

St. Mary, Mother of Our Lord, August 15 | Three-Year Lectionary 42 A Multitude Comes from the East and the West Lutheran Service Book 510 | study by Marion Lars Hendrickson

Introduction In the Early Church, the believers “devoted themselves to of the Christian fellowship lives between the Word and the the apostles’ teaching and the fellowship, to the breaking Sacrament, anticipating with eager expectation the glorious of bread and the prayers” (Acts 2:42). It is revealing within wedding feast of heaven. that description that the fellowship of the believers is found ❚❚ The first man, Adam, was alone until God created between the Word and the Lord’s Supper. This is true for Eve. Who has God created as the bride for the Second the Christian congregation still today. Fellowship always Adam, Jesus? springs forth from the Gospel of Christ and finds its fulfillment in the Sacrament of His body and blood. The whole ❚❚ Why is the Christian never alone?

Exploring the Scriptures This hymn is appointed for three different Sundays in the ❚❚ What does the master of the house mean when he says, “I church year. While the Gospel Readings for each of these do not know where you come from” (v. 26)? Sundays are different, the three also bear similarities. ❚❚ A multitude joins the patriarchs in the kingdom of God, Read Matt. 22:1–14 (for Proper 23A). In the banquet but some will be cast out (v. 28). Who are the first? Who parable Jesus urges His listeners to repent. The generosity are the last (v. 30)? Why? of the king’s invitation is matched with the severity of the king’s judgment. Read Luke 14:15–24 (for Trinity 2). This is a banquet ❚❚ What does the king do in response to the rejection of his parable that begins with a blessing (v. 15) and ends with a invitation (v. 7)? warning (v. 24). ❚❚ What made the initial recipients of the king’s invitation ❚❚ In verse 17 the master’s invitation says, “Come, for unworthy to attend (v. 8)? everything is now ready.” Do the invited guests have any requirement to fulfill in order to attend? Read Luke 13:22–30 (for Proper 16C). In this banquet para- ❚❚ From his words in verse 23, what is the master’s desire for ble Jesus speaks of the struggle of repentance. The struggle this banquet? is not in getting through the narrow door itself, but rather between faith and the sinful nature, a struggle that the Lord’s call produces in the human heart.

Exploring the Hymn Background of All” (LSB 613). Yet this hymn of repentance does not Magnus Brostrup Landstad (1802–80) knew human suffer- dwell so much on the sorrow of the repentant as on the joy ing and the trials of life by personal experience. He grew up that comes in Christ to the penitent. It is because of Christ’s in the far north of Norway, a place of solitude, storm and lavish grace that Landstad wrote how he was always eager darkness. War, hunger and inflation added to the trials of to sing a penitential hymn with joy. his childhood. Not surprisingly, Landstad could long for ❚❚ St. Paul wrote, “For when I am weak, then I am strong” (2 heaven, as he writes in this hymn, when “all trials shall be Cor. 12:10). What does he mean? like a dream that is past” (st. 3). ❚❚ How do times of trial change in faith, when we consider In many ways Landstad writes his hymns for a pilgrim on that Christ comes to share them with us? his or her way toward heaven. While he writes about storms and trials, it is not to use fear to drive the pilgrim onward. Landstad also put into poetic expression the deprivations Rather, Landstad’s portrayal of the pilgrim way is one of of sin that the faithful can see within themselves. Called a an eager longing and a hopeful expectation for that which “penitential hymn poet,” Landstad could plumb the depths lies ahead. of repentance in a hymn such as “To Thee, Omniscient Lord

Proper 16C, 23A and the Second Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 43 ❚❚ St. Paul wrote, “One thing I do: forgetting what lies Roman among those reclining at table with Abraham, behind and straining forward to what lies ahead, I press Isaac, and Jacob. on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God ❚❚ Does the hymn limit saving faith to the New Testament in Christ Jesus” (Phil. 3:13–14). How is it only the grace of saints? Read Hebrews 11. God in Jesus Christ that allows us to say this along with the apostle? Stanza 2 sings of God as the Shepherd of His people. Read Ps. 107:2–9 and compare the imagery with Psalm 23. Text While the three parables discussed above all have the ❚❚ What is the urgency described in stanza 2 (“while there elements of blessing and judgment, the hymn text focuses is time”)? solely on the blessing of the Lord’s invitation. Stanzas 3 and 4 carry the singer to the communion of ❚ ❚ In the distinction between Law and Gospel — the Law saints in glory, where “all trials shall be like a dream that is commands but cannot give; the Gospel bestows what past,” where “the blest” receive the crown of life. Read Rev. it promises — how is this focus on the blessing in the 7:9–17 and Rev. 2:10. parable a focus on the Gospel itself? ❚❚ Is the Sacrament of the Altar also a sharing in the eternal Read the closing refrain, “Have mercy upon us, O Jesus!” in feast? Why or why not? light of the hymn’s focus on the blessing of the invitation. ❚❚ How does the promise of life forever with Christ, given in ❚❚ Is this repeated refrain a confession of sin or a cry for the Lord’s Supper, sustain us now in our times of trial? help in need? What difference does this make? ❚❚ What would you say in response to the skeptic who understands these stanzas only as “pie in the sky”? Read Stanza 1 also draws upon Matt. 8:11–12. Commending the St. Paul’s response in 1 Cor. 15:12–34. faith of the Roman centurion, Jesus includes this Gentile

Making the Connection The sick person, the one who endures persecution for his or ❚❚ What are some of the challenges when pondering the her faith, the prisoner, the lonely and many other sufferers Christian fellowship on earth in light of the fellowship of each see in a fellow Christian the presence of the gracious saints in heaven? God. Both the one who visits and the one who is visited ❚❚ Stanza 4 says, “the heavens … ring with an anthem more recognize each other as “little Christs” (Luther’s term) of grand /Than ever on earth was recorded.” Name two or the Christ who is present with each and, more so, with both three temptations to despair because of the weaknesses together. of the earthly fellowship of believers. In what way is the ❚❚ What does a Christian lose when he absents himself from earthly fellowship the means to sustain one another in the fellowship of believers in worship? those temptations to despair? ❚❚ Does the blessing of Christian fellowship deny a blessing to Christian solitude? Why or why not?

In Closing Jesus promised His fellowship of disciples “… that where I Prayer am you may be also” and “I will not leave you as orphans” Almighty God, You invite us to trust in You for our salva- (John 14:3, 18). So we Lutherans believe, teach and confess tion. Deal with us not in the severity of Your judgment but that one Holy Church will remain forever. The Church is by the greatness of Your mercy; through Jesus Christ, Your the assembly of believers among whom the Gospel is purely Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy taught and the Sacraments are rightly administered ac- Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper cording to that Gospel (see AC VII). 23). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 510.

Proper 16C, 23A and the Second Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 44 God Has Spoken by His Prophets Lutheran Service Book 583 | study by Aaron A. Koch

Introduction You’ll sometimes hear people say that God spoke to them is praised as from the Spirit—without the Word and or told them what to do in a particular situation. Some Sacraments—is the devil himself” (SA III VIII 10, p. 281). preachers will say that God gave them a particular message to share. But we must be careful and “test the spirits” here God always comes to us and speaks to us through His as Scripture reminds us (1 John 4:1). The Smalcald Articles, external outward Word, given in the Holy Scriptures of the one of our Lutheran Confessions, say this: apostles and prophets. “Therefore, we must constantly maintain this point: ❚❚ How can we test if a message is from God, or if it’s from God does not want to deal with us in any other way than the devil or the sinful heart of man? through the spoken Word and the Sacraments. Whatever ❚❚ Where should we be looking for God to speak to us?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Heb. 1:1–2. “Long ago” refers to the time of the Old “These last days” in Hebrews 1 refers to this present age of Testament; and the “fathers” are our ancient fathers in the the New Testament in which we are living. God’s ultimate faith, such as Abraham, Moses and Elijah. and complete revelation of Himself has come to us in the ❚❚ What are some of the “many ways” in which God spoke to person of His own Son. our fathers? (See Gen. 15:1; Ex. 3:1–6; 1 Kings 19:11–13.) ❚❚ With what title is Jesus referred to in John 1:1–3, 14? How ❚❚ How were all of these ways that the Lord came to the is Jesus the embodiment of all of the Scriptures? fathers/prophets tangible and external? ❚❚ With what actions in Christ’s life has God “spoken” of His ❚❚ Were there also false prophets in the Old Testament? love toward us? ❚ ❚❚ On the basis of Jer. 23:16–17, 21–22, 25–26, discuss some ❚ In what way is Jesus the “final Word” of God, beyond of the characteristics of these false preachers. which we shouldn’t be looking for any more special messages or revelation from Him?

Exploring the Hymn Background Text In preparation for the publication of the Revised Standard Note how the three stanzas of this hymn correspond to Version of the Bible (a predecessor to the current English the three persons of the Holy Trinity. All three persons Standard Version commonly used in churches of The are present and involved in the work of God’s revelation Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod), the Hymn Society of throughout every age of history. Even in Old Testament North America asked for hymns to be submitted to cele- times, we confess in the Nicene Creed that it was the Holy brate this event. “God Has Spoken by His Prophets,” writ- Spirit who “spoke by the prophets.” And God the Father ten by George Wallace Briggs (1875–1959), was one of the continues to speak “His Word unchanging” (st. 3) down to submitted hymns chosen and later published in a collection this very day. titled “Ten New Hymns on the Bible” (1952). Read 1 Sam. 15:29. ❚❚ Why is it natural that the Word of God should inspire ❚❚ Why is the Word that God has spoken by His prophets music and be the subject of our hymns? unchanging? ❚❚ How does God’s Word provide the very content of what ❚❚ Since “God is king,” “eternal,” “the first, and … the last” we are given to sing? (See Ps. 51:15; Psalm 136.) (st. 1), does that make it easier to trust in His Word? ❚❚ Are there any times in the year when your congregation Why? (See also Rev. 22:6.) has a special focus on the gift of God’s Word in Divine Service? Read Heb. 1:3.

St. Bartholomew, Apostle, August 24 | Three-Year Lectionary 45 ❚❚ What phrase does stanza 2 borrow directly from this Read John 6:63 and 2 Tim. 3:16. verse? What does it mean? ❚❚ According to these verses, where is the Holy Spirit located ❚❚ What other words or phrases are used in stanza for us? (Remember that the words for “breath” and 2 (including some borrowed from the creed) that “spirit” in the Bible are the same.) emphasize Jesus is equally God with the Father? ❚❚ How then is God “speaking to our hearts again” (st. 3) in ❚❚ How does Jesus reveal our God to us (st. 2)? (See John this day and age? 12:44–45.) ❚❚ How does God’s Word breathe new life into us in the way that God first breathed life into Adam?

Making the Connection Stanza 1 refers to the eternal God and His Word as a “firm Stanza 3 reminds us that God is still speaking by His Spirit, anchor” in the midst of “the world’s despair and turmoil.” “in the ageless Word declaring His own message, now ❚❚ How does God’s Word give you hope and certainty in the as then.” midst of the changes in your life? ❚❚ You certainly hear God’s voice in your own individual reading of Scripture. But what place has He given for you to hear Him speak to you, audibly and out loud? (For help, see Rom. 10:14–17.)

In Closing Our God is not silent. The psalmist’s prayer is heard: “If Prayers you be silent to me, I become like those who go down to the Almighty God, Your Son, Jesus Christ, chose Bartholomew pit” (Ps. 28:1b). Our Lord speaks to us, but not through the to be an apostle to preach the blessed Gospel. Grant that inner voice of our heart and spirit. He spoke to His people Your Church may love what he believed and preach what of old through the prophets whom He sent. And He still he taught; through Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives and speaks to us through the external voice of His Spirit-filled reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and Word, guiding us by His preached Law and Gospel. Since forever. Amen (Collect for St. Bartholomew). Jesus is the embodiment of the Word and the fulfillment of all the Scriptures, all true messages from God will be Blessed Lord, You have caused all Holy Scriptures to be centered on Christ and what He has done — how He has written for our learning. Grant that we may so hear them, redeemed us by His holy cross. As St. Paul said, “For I read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest them that, by pa- decided to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ tience and comfort of Your holy Word, we may embrace and and Him crucified” (1 Cor. 2:2). May God grant us always to ever hold fast the blessed hope of everlasting life; through keep our eyes fixed on Jesus the Savior and to be guarded Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen (Grace to receive the Word, against anything that would lead us away from Him who is LSB, p. 308). the Word made flesh! ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 583.

St. Bartholomew, Apostle, August 24 | Three-Year Lectionary 46 Son of God, Eternal Savior Lutheran Service Book 842 | study by Bruce E. Keseman

Introduction During World War II, Rev. Henry Gerecke, an LCMS whom he had not seen in two years. Still, he agreed to min- clergyman, served as a U.S. Army chaplain in England. At ister to his enemies. Some in the United States criticized the conclusion of the war, Chaplain Gerecke was asked to him for befriending men who were responsible for such provide spiritual care for his enemies, Nazi leaders who horrible torture and death. were being tried for war crimes at Nuremberg. Chaplain ❚❚ Why might Chaplain Gerecke have provided pastoral care Gerecke knew about and sometimes witnessed the effects of — and friendship — to enemies? the atrocities inflicted because of those Nazis. He also knew that he could decline the assignment and return to his wife ❚❚ If you were Chaplain Gerecke, how would you respond to criticism from U.S. citizens?

Exploring the Scriptures “Son of God, Eternal Savior” was written by Somerset T. words directly to the first disciples, but how does He get C. Lowry (1855–1932). The hymn reflects John 17:1–26, a those words to you (v. 20)? How might that have affected prayer Jesus prayed for us the night before He died. Read Chaplain Gerecke’s decision? those verses now, especially noticing Christ’s emphasis on ❚❚ What evidence have you seen that verse 14 is true? unity and love. ❚❚ What is Christ’s prayer for us (vv. 15, 17, 20–21 and ❚ ❚ In verse 3, what does Jesus say is eternal life? Why is 26)? What comfort does that give to you in this eternal life impossible apart from Jesus? often-difficult world? ❚ ❚ The Father’s words lead us to know and believe that Jesus ❚❚ What indications are there that the love of God was in came from the Father (v. 8). Jesus spoke the Father’s Chaplain Gerecke (v. 26)? In Christians you know?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ In your opinion, do these stanzas strengthen or weaken Read through LSB 842. Most hymnals today — LSB includ- the hymn? How do these stanzas alter the focus of the ed — omit two stanzas that Lowry wrote when he penned hymn? Explain. the hymn in 1893. Read the omitted stanzas. ❚❚ What good reasons might editors have for omitting Bind us all as one together these stanzas? In your Church’s sacred fold, ❚❚ When it was first published, editors called this a Weak and healthy, poor and wealthy, “Christian Brotherhood” hymn. In LSB, it is in the Sad and joyful, young and old. category “Society.” In your opinion, how does the Is there want or pain or sorrow? inclusion or exclusion of the stanzas above affect the Make us all the burden share. category of the hymn? Are there spirits crushed and broken? Teach us, Lord, to soothe their care. Text Look again at stanza 1 in LSB. Dark the path that lies behind us, Strewn with wrecks and stained with blood; ❚❚ List the titles given to Jesus in this stanza. What unique But before us gleams the vision truth about our Lord does each title provide? Of the coming brotherhood. ❚❚ In what ways does Christ’s birth among us hallow (that is, See the Christlike host advancing, make holy) the human race? High and lowly, great and small, ❚❚ Much of the hymn is about showing love, yet only one Linked in bonds of common service brief clause of stanza 1 alludes to anything we do for For the common Lord of all. others (“Fill us with Your love and pity”). Why is the

Proper 17C and the Fourth Sunday after the Epiphany | Three-Year Lectionary 47 emphasis on Christ’s work essential before the hymn Look at stanza 3 of the hymn. speaks about what we Christians do? ❚❚ If we are going to live for others, what does the hymn suggest that Christ must first do for us? Read Heb. 7:23–25. ❚❚ What strife, passions and discords are evident even ❚ ❚ What prevented most high priests from remaining in among Christians? So why is it appropriate that we call office? How is Jesus, our High Priest, different? Jesus the “King of Love” and “Prince of Peace”? ❚❚ What does verse 25 say Jesus is doing for us? Why? How is that reflected in the hymn? The hymn asks our Lord to “quench our fevered thirst of pleasure” (st. 3). Read John 4:1–26, where the Samaritan Look at stanza 2 of the hymn. woman’s thirst of pleasure led her to five husbands and her ❚❚ Notice that the entire hymn is a prayer. For what do we current live-in. pray in this stanza? ❚❚ Why do earthly pleasures fail to quench our desires? ❚❚ We often say that Christ died for others, but in what ways ❚❚ What does Jesus offer to the woman (and us) that has Christ “lived for others” (including you)? provides what we really need? What hint of that offer is ❚❚ What are some ways we might live for others as Christ included in stanza 3 of the hymn? did for us? Look at stanza 4, especially thinking about the final request ❚❚ Lowry writes that our money really belongs to God. We of the hymn: “Here on earth Your will be done.” are “stewards” and keepers of a “trust.” How does that ❚ shape our Christian view of giving? ❚ How does repeating half of stanza 1 emphasize the true source of Christian sanctification? See also John 17:17–18. Read 1 Peter 1:20–23. ❚❚ In what sense is Jesus our “Source of Life?” Of truth? Of ❚❚ Because of Christ, what have we become (vv. 20– 21)? grace? What alternate sources might we be tempted to rely on? ❚❚ Why does Peter suggest (v. 23) that we can “love one ❚ another earnestly” (v. 22)? ❚ What verses from John 17 especially seem to be reflected in the last half of stanza 4? ❚❚ What does verse 25 say is the “imperishable seed” by ❚ which you have been born again? When did that rebirth ❚ What elements of God’s will does Jesus mention in John 17? happen? ❚❚ How is God’s will done? (See the Third Petition in the Small Catechism, LSB, p. 324).

Making the Connection As Jesus works among us — speaking His Word, baptizing ❚❚ Why are true unity and true love impossible apart from us into His death and resurrection, serving us His forgiving faith in Christ? body and blood — He grants us faith that trusts in Him. ❚❚ How might your life look different when Christ’s gifts of The result is both unity (John 17:11) and love (John 17:26). unity and love show more clearly in you?

In Closing When we pray for unity and love, as we do in this hymn unity with his earthly enemy! Christ’s love worked through (and Jesus does in John 17), God sometimes responds Chaplain Gerecke as he lived for others. in surprising ways. When Chaplain Gerecke arrived at ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together, LSB 842. Nuremberg, few of the twenty-some Nazi defendants trusted Christ for their salvation. Jesus prayed “for those Prayer who will believe in me through their word” (John 17:20). Almighty and everlasting God, You desire not the death of a And God’s Word spoken by Chaplain Gerecke changed sinner but that all would repent and live. Hear our prayers some of the unbelievers at Nuremburg. When Joachim for those outside the Church. Take away their iniquity and von Ribbentrop, former Riech Minister of Foreign Affairs, turn them from their false gods to You, the living and true went to the gallows, he was asked for his last words. His God. Gather them into Your holy Church to the glory of response: “I place all my confidence in the Lamb who made Your name; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen (For atonement for my sins. May God have mercy on my soul.” those outside the Church, LSB, 305). Amazingly, that meant Chaplain Gerecke had Christian

Proper 17C and the Fourth Sunday after the Epiphany | Three-Year Lectionary 48 If Thou But Trust in God to Guide Thee Lutheran Service Book 750 | study by John G. Fleischmann

Introduction There are some who believe that once a person becomes a ❚❚ What is the cause of all suffering? Christian, all problems disappear. ❚❚ What is the worst kind of suffering that one can endure? Holy Scripture paints a much different picture. Often, it records that those called by God endured tremendous ❚❚ What are some of the struggles you face today? suffering. Through their trials the patriarchs, prophets, apostles This hymn, sung on the observance of the Martyrdom of St. and others clung to the promises of God, knowing that He John the Baptist as well as at Christian funerals and other would deliver them eternally. times, lifts our eyes from our suffering to the promises and As we cling to God’s promises in Christ, we too receive assurances that we receive from God through our Lord strength, protection and comfort. Jesus sanctified our Jesus Christ. suffering by entering into it when He took on our flesh. Now He uses it to draw us closer to Himself.

Exploring the Scriptures This hymn is based on passages of tremendous hope in the Read Rom. 6:1–5, the Epistle for the Martyrdom of St. John Bible. Read Ps. 55:22; Prov. 3:5–6; and Is. 41:10. the Baptist. ❚❚ What is their common theme? ❚❚ What two things does Baptism do? See verses 3 and 5. ❚❚ What is the source of this hope? ❚❚ What other assurances does Baptism give? See the Small Catechism, LSB, page 325. ❚❚ How does this help you when faced with life’s issues?

Exploring the Hymn Background Text The writer of this hymn, Georg Neumark (1621–81), had This hymn is truly a hymn of great hope and encouragement. gone through an extremely difficult time in his life. Not only The first stanza addresses the singer with a pastoral was the bloody Thirty Years’ War in progress (1618–48), but voice, encouraging him to place his hope in the Lord and he had personally lost everything. His will. “He’ll give thee strength, whate’er betide thee, / Nomadically walking the country with an uncertain and And bear thee through the evil days.” bleak future, he was rescued when the Lord brought Pastor ❚❚ What comfort do you receive from this reminder of God’s Nicholas Becker into his life. “No Matter What” promise? Pastor Becker, who learned of his desperation, was able to arrange for Neumark to become a tutor for a local magis- Stanza 2 speaks of the enormity and futility of earthly suf- trate’s family in Kiel, Germany. This provided Neumark fering. Our “never-ceasing moans and sighs” are evidence of with stability and gainful employment. the grave struggle that we endure, birthed by sin. Near its It was at this time that Neumark composed this hymn. end, the stanza speaks of our “cross and trials.” In Christian ❚❚ Can you think of a time in your life when you theology, a “cross” is different from generalized suffering were desperate? caused by sin. ❚❚ How did the Lord bring healing to you? ❚❚ Read Matt. 14:1–12. Why did John the Baptist suffer? ❚❚ What was your response to Him when you were ❚❚ Read Rev. 6:9–11, the first lesson for the delivered? ❚❚ Martyrdom of St. John the Baptist. Who was seen “under the altar”?

The Martyrdom of St. John the Baptist, August 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 49 ❚❚ Can you think of other biblical accounts in which God’s ❚❚ What does Peter have to say about these “fiery trials”? children suffered because their faith in God conflicted ❚❚ What hope does Peter give? with the world? Ponder the words of stanza 6. Then read Mary’s words as Stanza 3 encourages us to be “patient,” for “our inmost she sings the Magnificat in the presence of Elizabeth (Luke wants are known / To Him who chose us for His own.” 1:46–55). ❚ ❚ What does Gal. 5:22 tell us about patience? ❚❚ What theme do you see in both? ❚ ❚ When were you chosen as God’s own? ❚❚ What deep hope does Neumark share in the last ❚❚ Stanza 4 shows that the Lord brings gladness and allows two lines? for sadness in our lives. ❚❚ What do you think Neumark meant when he penned, The final stanza ends with a succinct summation of the “He comes to thee all unaware / And makes thee own His entire hymn. loving care”? ❚❚ What are the ways that Neumark lists to face the trials of life? Stanza 5 shows us that our suffering can be great, using the words “fiery trial” to describe it. Read 1 Peter 4:12–16.

Making the Connection The Church has cherished this hymn over many centuries. p. 184). There, we exchange the words, “Our help is in It has comforted countless Christians as they wept beside the name of the LORD, who made heaven and earth” the graves of loved ones, or faced the enormity of life’s (Ps. 124:8). issues. It still clearly speaks the hope that we have in God ❚❚ What does this tell us about the power of God in our through Jesus Christ our Lord. lives over any issue that we face? The same hope given in this hymn can be found in the Confession and Absolution of the Divine Service (LSB, ❚❚ Where is God’s power over all suffering most clearly shown?

In Closing The journey of life is filled with joys and sorrows. ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 750. Sometimes the suffering can steal our joy, causing us to withdraw, or even tempt us to turn away from the Lord. Prayer This hymn is a wonderful sermon assuring us that when Almighty and most merciful God, in this earthly life we en- we suffer, God is present. It reminds us that our difficulties dure sufferings and death before we enter into eternal glory. are quite temporary when compared to the eternal joy that Grant us grace at all times to subject ourselves to Your holy awaits those baptized into Christ’s death and resurrection. will and to continue steadfast in the true faith to the end of It is this hope and comfort, given us by the Holy Spirit, that our lives that we may know the peace and joy of the blessed empowers us to “Sing, pray, and keep His ways unswerving” hope of the resurrection of the dead and of the glory of the (vs. 7) no matter what life throws at us. For “God never yet world to come; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen (In forsook in need / The soul that trusted Him indeed” (vs. 7). times of affliction and distress, LSB, p. 317).

The Martyrdom of St. John the Baptist, August 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 50 How Clear Is Our Vocation, Lord Lutheran Service Book 853 | study by Allen D. Lunneberg

Introduction It may seem a bit strange at first to sing about a Christian’s might today add the truck drivers who hauled the produce, “vocation” against the background of choosing “life and the factory workers in the food processing plant, the ware- good, death and evil” (Deut. 30:15) and Jesus’ challenging house men, the wholesale distributors, the stock boys, the call to renounce all, take up one’s own cross and follow lady at the checkout counter. Also playing their part are the Him. Yet we are to think of vocation as Martin Luther did, bankers, futures investors, advertisers, lawyers, agricultural as how we serve our neighbor in the world. When you stop scientists, mechanical engineers, and every other player in to ponder it, however, how clear it is that service of neigh- the nation’s economic system. All of these were instrumen- bor always entails certain pressures, crosses and trials. The tal in enabling you to eat your morning bagel.”2 Luther calls standard of Christian vocation and service, of course, is all of these “God’s masks.” nothing less than the cross of Christ. ❚❚ How is our vocation and service to others “a mask” of “When we pray the Lord’s Prayer, observed Luther, we God? How is God behind our service to others? ask God to give us this day our daily bread. And He does give us our daily bread. He does it by means of the farmer ❚❚ What is the difference between seeing the troubles who planted and harvested the grain, the baker who made and trials of our daily life as either an annoyance or as the flour into bread, the person who prepared our meal. We a “cross”?

Exploring the Scriptures In Luke 5:1–11 we’re told how Jesus called the fishermen In Matt. 11:28–30 Jesus invites us, saying that His “yoke is Simon Peter and the sons of Zebedee, James and John, to easy” (v. 30). leave their nets and boats and everything to become “fishers ❚❚ What is that “yoke”? What does the hymn in stanza 2 of men.” suggest is the cause when we think of Jesus’ yoke as “hard ❚❚ To what extent do you think they understood what to bear”? Jesus meant? ❚❚ What did Jesus mean? Read Heb. 12:1–4. ❚ ❚❚ How “clear” was their vocation to them at the beginning? ❚ How are these words a comfort for us, especially when we find ourselves struggling either with sin in ourselves or ❚❚ In what way did they become catchers of men? with difficulties with others? ❚❚ Instead of boats and nets, what are the means the Church is to use to bring individuals in?

Exploring the Hymn Background their calling in life, not as good works to appease God but Fred Pratt Green (1903–2000) was a talented British poet rather as a witness to their faith in Christ. at first, until he was asked to take up the related craft of ❚❚ What is your primary vocation? writing hymns. He wrote over three hundred in his later years, of which we have but three in Lutheran Service Book. ❚❚ How is it related to faith in God? This hymn is the result of a request in 1980 by Erik Routley for a hymn on vocation, specifically to be sung to the tune Text Repton by C. Hubert H. Parry. A Christian’s vocation, says the first stanza of the hymn, is “Vocation” is not a word to describe only prophets, apos- the result of heeding, learning and living according to God’s tles, pastors, teachers and other “full time” church workers. Word. Only when we forget God’s Word and the teachings Rather, following Martin Luther’s lead, every Christian has of Jesus does our life become confused, a “tangled skein of a “vocation,” that is, they are to serve others according to care” (st. 2).

2 Gene Edward Veith Jr., God at Work, (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2002), 13.

Proper 18C | Three-Year Lectionary 51 ❚❚ What should we do with our “tangled skein” of care? ❚❚ How should we wear God’s name?

Stanza 3 contrasts the faithful service of the saints before Stanza 4 reminds us that the cross of Christ is the standard us, for whom even troubles (“hindrances”) only seem to in- of Christian service and vocation. crease the joy and conviction of faith, with the “casual way ❚❚ Describe the “old routines” of vocation. we wear Your name.” ❚❚ Describe the “ventures new” we may encounter. ❚❚ Describe “the casual way we wear God’s name”. What effect does this have on our service and witness? ❚❚ How does the cross of Christ enable or empower what the Lord has given us to do?

Making the Connection We take quite literally the “call” of God, especially when call or vocation of the Christian, however, while just as di- it comes to the Office of the Ministry. We pray for God’s vinely blessed, can be as varied as our stations in life. Look guidance in our selection of a candidate and, by unani- at the Table of Duties of the Small Catechism (LSB, p. 328). mous vote, we extend to him a call document. We confess ❚❚ In the Table of Duties, after the ministry of the Gospel, in the Augsburg Confession, “Our churches teach that no how many “Orders,” “Positions,” and “Vocations” one should publicly teach in the Church, or administer the are listed? Notice that these are very general and Sacraments, without a rightly ordered call” (AC XIV, p. 39). seem to apply generally to the realm of the Fourth Pastors are to consider this “rightly ordered call” as coming Commandment, family and other authorities. from God through the Church. The call or vocation of the pastor is to preach the Word, ❚❚ What is the advice given in the last sentence? administer the Sacraments and shepherd God’s people. The

In Closing

❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 853. Lord God, You have called Your servants to ventures of which we cannot see the ending, by paths as yet untrod- Prayers den, through perils unknown. Give us faith to go out with O merciful Lord, You did not spare Your only Son but de- good courage, not knowing where we go but only that Your livered Him up for us all. Grant us courage and strength to hand is leading us and Your love supporting us; through take up the cross and follow Him, who lives and reigns with Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen (For guidance in our calling, You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen LSB, p. 311). (Collect for Proper 18C).

Heavenly Father, grant Your mercy and grace to Your people in their many and various callings. Give them patience, and strengthen them in their Christian vocation of witness to the world and of service to their neighbor in Christ’s name; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen (Christian vocation, LSB, p. 311).

Proper 18C | Three-Year Lectionary 52 Jesus Sinners Doth Receive

Lutheran Service Book 609 (Also found in Lutheran Service Builder 974) | study by Paul J. Cain

Introduction Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. This is ❚❚ If someone isn’t willing to confess, “I, a poor, miserable most certainly true! sinner …” (LSB, p. 184) what does that say about his Consider the following statement: “If someone is not spiritual state? willing to confess that he or she is a sinner, can Jesus save ❚❚ Optional: Sing or read LSB 609. them?” Discuss. Why not?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Luke 5:31–32. Compare Matt. 9:9–13. ❚❚ Which man went to his home justified? Why? ❚❚ What does Jesus mean in a time before preventive ❚❚ Should we thank God that we are not like the Pharisee in medicine? the text? How can we avoid hypocrisy? ❚❚ Do those who think they are well think they need a doctor? Read 1 Tim. 1:12–17. ❚❚ Who is speaking here? Read Luke 15:1–10. ❚❚ What does he confess? ❚ ❚ What was the complaint of the Pharisees? ❚❚ In whom does he rejoice? Why? ❚❚ Who is given today to leave the “ninety-nine” to “go after the one”? Read 1 Peter 1:13–25, with a focus on 18–19. ❚❚ How can we better demonstrate joy when a long-time ❚❚ Contrast a person before Christ and after conversion, absent member shows up at church? using words and ideas from this passage. ❚❚ How are our souls purified? How does the cross-won Read Luke 18:9–14. forgiveness of Christ get delivered to you?

Exploring the Hymn Background Text The author of this hymn, Pastor Erdmann Neumeister This hymn breathes in Luke 15:1–10, the appointed Holy (1671–1756), was a well-known poet, hymn writer and au- Gospel for Proper 19C, and other Scripture and confesses thor of an explanation of Luther’s Small Catechism. biblical truths in song. Note the richness of that Bible text From the pulpit and in print he opposed the theology in stanza 3. and practice of Pietism. (Pietism de-emphasized Word and Jesus is the Good Shepherd of John 10 and Psalm 23. We Sacrament and congregational life in favor of smaller study have hope in Him because He searches for all who have groups of supposedly more “faithful” Christians [see Luke wandered far “from God and heaven,” those who live in 18], emotionalism and personal experience.) “sin’s delusions” (st. 1). Often, Neumeister’s new hymns were specifically writ- ❚❚ How and when do believers wander from the faith? ten to fit the appointed lectionary reading of the day, and served to conclude his sermon at St. James’ Church in ❚❚ Recall and share a time when you were brought back. Hamburg, Germany. ❚❚ Why is it important in Latin, German and English that ❚❚ What benefit is there in a repeated one-year or three- the word “pastor” means “shepherd?” year cycle of Bible readings? How could this help church musicians? Examine stanza 2. Using the words of the hymn, answer the following. ❚❚ Why should we sing old hymns? Why should we sing new hymns? Why have Lutherans always sung both? ❚❚ What do we deserve? What are we given instead?

Proper 19C | Three-Year Lectionary 53 Look at stanza 4. You may wish to compare it to Psalm 51, This hymn originally had eight stanzas. Lutheran Service especially verse 3. Book has omitted the original fourth stanza. Why? The ❚❚ How does the hymn writer help us express what is in a hymn text committee thought this stanza was weak, using contrite heart? How is that different from mere sorrow ambiguous language like that used for the new Arminian for sin? false practice of altar calls. That stanza read: Come, O sinners, one and all, Turn to stanzas 5 and 6. Come, accept his invitation; ❚❚ How do they express the comfort of the Gospel? How do Come, obey his gracious call, they speak of the perfect cleansing from sin that Jesus Come and take his free salvation! gives us? Firmly in these words believe: Jesus sinners will receive. ❚❚ The Gospel can be confessed using terms from the courtroom and marketplace. Give examples. ❚❚ How could this stanza be easily misunderstood to teach Stanza 7 confesses the Office of the Keys. Consider Matt. “decision theology?” Read John 15:16 for help. 16:19 and John 20:23. ❚❚ How could this stanza be properly understood in context? ❚❚ What and/or who is more important than the feeling of our hearts? What is more solid and certain than our sinful flesh?

Making the Connection If your congregation made the transition from The ❚❚ Why is there sometimes such a passionate attachment to Lutheran Hymnal to Lutheran Worship and then to some hymn tunes and not to others? Lutheran Service Book, some may wonder why the tune was ❚❚ What benefit is there in having a favorite comforting text “changed.” that could be sung to more than one hymn tune? Two tunes bear the same title, Meinen Jesum lass’ ich nicht, differing only with a last identifying word in As Christians, we can confess our sins and be absolved by parentheses. the pastor, receiving forgiveness “from the pastor as from Darmstadt refers to the city where LSB 609’s tune was God Himself,” “plead guilty of all sins [before God] … as we published in 1699. This tune was used in both TLH and do in the Lord’s Prayer” (LSB, p. 326), and ask for forgive- LSB. ness from others even “as we forgive those who trespass (Ulich) refers to Johann Ulich (1634–1712), the composer against us” (LSB, p. 323). of the LSB 974 tune, which was also used in LW. (LSB 974, God’s Word creates a new reality. When His Word while not available in the pew edition, is available through proclaims the forgiveness of sins, your sins are forgiven Lutheran Service Builder, Lutheran Service Book: Hymn because “Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners” Accompaniment Edition and Lutheran Service Book: (1 Tim. 1:15). Amen! Guitar Chord Edition.) ❚❚ Why do we sometimes doubt that we are forgiven? ❚❚ How are we continually reminded of Christ’s salvation?

In Closing On page 203 in LSB, the scriptural truth that “Jesus Sinners Prayer Doth Receive” is applied in pastoral care at the beginning of Lord Jesus, You are the Good Shepherd, without whom Divine Service, Setting Four. If time permits, read this page nothing is secure. Rescue and preserve us that we may not aloud responsively, ending with the prayer found in the first be lost forever but follow You, rejoicing in the way that leads column at the bottom of the page (prayer 407). to eternal life; for You live and reign with the Father and ❚❚ Read or sing aloud together LSB 974 found in Lutheran the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect Service Builder (or LSB 609) if not sung at the beginning for Proper 19C). of this study.

Proper 19C | Three-Year Lectionary 54 Sing, My Tongue, the Glorious Battle

Lutheran Service Book 454 | study by Paul Gregory Alms

Introduction By all outward appearances, the cross of Jesus is not tri- ❚❚ That contrast and paradox is at the center of this hymn. umphant, beautiful or glorious. The cross looks like defeat, The awful cross is in reality a “trophy,” a triumph, a tree weakness and great suffering and death. No one who judged of life. by common sense would say the spectacle of Jesus dying on ❚❚ What words occur to you as you meditate on the cross? the cross was anything but horrible. Yet, the Scriptures and the Christian faith point to the cross as the greatest, most ❚❚ How many are positive (focused on salvation and wonderful moment not only of Christ’s life but also of ours. forgiveness) and how many are focused on the sufferings It is the supreme moment of Christ’s power and the pinna- of Christ? cle and foundation of our life and hope. It is a moment of ❚❚ How are these groups of impressions and words related great victory and salvation. to each other?

Exploring the Scriptures The core scriptural idea of this hymn is expressed in the ❚❚ How are the two related? final phrase of the first stanza: “Tell how Christ, the world’s redeemer, / As a victim won the day.” The message of sal- Read John 17:1. In John’s Gospel, Jesus’ “time” or “hour” vation is not just that Christ saved us from sin; it is that He usually means His crucifixion and burial and resurrection. saved us “as a victim.” Christ saved us from sin and death ❚❚ Here Jesus asks His Father to glorify Him, since His hour by suffering, by being beaten, by dying, by lying lifeless has come. When does the Father glorify Jesus? in the tomb. Christ won a great victory by becoming, for our sakes, a lifeless, dead human being, by suffering and ❚❚ Is His death on the cross a moment of shame or glory being weak. That contrast and mystery is at the heart of for Jesus? the Gospel. Read Is. 53:5. This passage mentions both what will hap- Read Gal. 6:14. pen to Christ and to Christians. ❚❚ What does Paul say is the only thing he will boast about ❚❚ What will happen to Christ according to this passage? in this life? ❚❚ What will happen to Christians? ❚❚ Why is this true for Paul and for all of us?

Exploring the Hymn Background of Fortunatus’ hymn which we sing in LSB 454 points to the The author of this hymn is known as Venantius Honorius saving work of Christ that He accomplished on the cross. Fortunatus (c. 530–609). He was a prodigious writer of ❚❚ Why do you think relics were so popular through the verse, much of which has been lost over the centuries. Two ages? hymns survived, this one and “The Royal Banners Forward Go,” both of which have to do with the crucifixion. This ❚❚ What real, tangible evidences of Christ and His love for hymn became very well-known and has been widely used us does the Bible really point us to? within the Church. Both hymns were inspired by the appearance of a sup- Text posed relic of the cross in the monastery where Fortunatus This hymn is first and foremost an invitation to sing and lived. This shard of wood was regarded as a real piece of the praise God. Read Ps. 98:1–2. cross on which Jesus was crucified. Fortunatus was com- ❚❚ What is the reason in this psalm for praising God? missioned to write a hymn in honor of this relic. “Sing, My ❚❚ How is this similar or related to our hymn? Tongue, the Glorious Battle” is that hymn. While we rightly reject the idea that such relics were genuine and, more im- Stanza 1 concludes that Christ “as a victim won the portantly, that such relics ought to be honored, the version day.” This little phrase brings us right into the heart of

Holy Cross Day, September 14 and Good Friday | Three-Year Lectionary 55 redemption and atonement. It is Christ’s cross that is our ❚❚ Read Gal. 4:4–5. How does this passage help us victory and salvation, and yet the cross is apparent weak- understand Christ’s life of obedience? ness and suffering and defeat. ❚❚ For whose sake was He being obedient? ❚❚ Which enemies of ours did Christ defeat on the cross? ❚❚ How did His dying “as a victim” defeat them? Stanza 4 draws a comparison between the tree of life in the Garden of Eden and the cross. While the hymn is appointed for Good Friday and Holy ❚❚ Read Rev. 22:2. How is this tree of life similar to the Week and focuses on the crucifixion, it encompasses the cross? See Is. 53:5. whole scope of Christ’s redemptive work. ❚❚ Read Gen. 3:22. There God mentions that eating of the ❚❚ According to stanza 2, what else did Christ do to tree of life brings eternal life. How do we “eat” the cross, redeem us? our tree of life, for eternal life?

Making the Connection This hymn presents to us Christ’s suffering and cross as a ❚❚ For whose sake did Christ obey the Law? victory and a triumph. Scripture also reminds us that we ❚❚ Who gets the “credit” for His obedience? are baptized into Christ. Our lives are connected to His. The fact that Christ’s suffering is a victory over sin and Stanza 3 emphasizes the willingness of Christ to die on the death allows us to see our own suffering in faith. Christ suf- cross for our sakes and for our forgiveness. fers with us and weeps with us and, since we are connected to Him, leads us through our suffering to eternity and life. ❚❚ What does such willingness indicate about Christ’s attitude toward us? ❚❚ How does this hymn help us to see our suffering as part of our Christian life? ❚❚ Such an attitude calls forth from us just the type of praise and singing this hymn invites us to offer to God. This hymn also gives a glimpse of Christ’s “passive obedience.” He obeyed and fulfilled the Law though He had no need to do so, since He is the Giver of the Law.

In Closing The cross of Jesus is a triumphant sign, though it is a dis- Prayer graceful one to the world. A dying man’s blood, suffering Almighty God, graciously behold this Your family for whom and death seem like foolishness or worse to those without our Lord Jesus Christ was willing to be betrayed and deliv- faith. To us it is glorious, a sign of conquest, a noble and ered into the hands of sinful men to suffer death upon the beautiful tree. The more we consider the sacrifice of Jesus cross; through the same Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, on the cross, the more we keep in mind His great love for us who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, in giving Himself into death, the more the Spirit will lead now and forever. Amen (Collect for Good Friday). us to sing of the glorious battle and to tell how Christ, the world’s redeemer, won the day. ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 454.

Holy Cross Day, September 14 and Good Friday | Three-Year Lectionary 56 The Royal Banners Forward Go

Lutheran Service Book 455 | study by Paul Gregory Alms

Introduction Every king, president or ruler has symbols of power that a strange one. For on that wood He suffered, bled and died. surround him. A king has a scepter and a crown. A presi- His grisly death does not seem like a victory but an awful dent has the presidential seal and Air Force One. Ancient tragedy. But in such things as suffering, blood and death generals often had banners that were lifted up before their is the triumph of our Savior. With such things He wins the armies to march before them. Such things are used to pro- battle for us. claim that the ruler or king is powerful and important. ❚❚ How is the cross a sign of victory? Jesus Christ’s “banner” is His cross. It is the sign and the place of His great victory. For many centuries, churches ❚❚ Where and how does your church use crosses, crucifixes have lifted up crucifixes and crosses in worship as remind- or banners with the cross? What messages do they (and ers of Christ’s power and might. But this banner of Christ is how your church uses them) convey?

Exploring the Scriptures The Readings for Holy Cross Day form an excellent scrip- ❚❚ Do people today still have this attitude? What about tural basis for this hymn. Numbers 21:4–9 tells the story Jesus on the cross appears foolish? of Moses lifting up the bronze serpent in the wilderness to ❚❚ Paul writes that in truth the word of the cross is the save the people of Israel from God’s wrath. power and wisdom of God. How is the proclamation of ❚❚ What do the people say to Moses in verse 7, and how is Christ’s death powerful? this similar to the way we approach God in the Divine Service? In the Gospel Reading, Jesus says, “And I, when I am lifted ❚❚ What does God tell Moses to “lift up” for the people? up from the earth, will draw all people to myself” (John 12:32). ❚❚ What does God “lift up” for us today? Where do we see ❚ and receive this? ❚ How does the crucifixion and death of Jesus draw us to Him? In the Epistle Reading, Paul says many regard the cross as folly and weakness (1 Cor. 1:18–25).

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ What is the difference between worshiping relics Venantius Honorius Fortunatus (c. 530–609) is the author and using crosses, crucifixes, banners and art in our of this hymn. He wrote many hymns, most of which were churches? written for use in the church year. One volume of verse was ❚❚ If we are looking for tangible signs of Christ’s love for us, entitled Hymns for All the Festivals of the Church Year, but where should we look? Has God given such signs? it, like almost all of his work, has been lost. This hymn is among the few that have survived. Text This was written as a procession hymn for a specific The first stanza of this hymn includes a challenging theo- occasion. A supposed relic of the cross of Jesus was being logical statement. Fortunatus points to the mystery that the brought into the monastery where Fortunatus lived. This one who made our flesh (the Son of God) now pays the ran- piece of wood was highly regarded and greeted with pomp som of sin in that very flesh He has made. God has taken on and ceremony at the church where it would be displayed. this flesh in order to free that flesh (us!) from our own sin. Fortunatus wrote this hymn to be sung as the relic was first brought into the sanctuary. Of course, we reject the value ❚❚ Consider how this stanza emphasizes God working of relics or the idea that they are genuine. The hymn itself all things in our salvation: creation, incarnation and does not mention relics but rather praises the atoning work atonement. Christ did on the cross for us. Read John 19:34.

Holy Cross Day, September 14 | Three-Year Lectionary 57 ❚❚ What does this Scripture tell us flowed from Jesus’ side? ❚❚ Why is Christ’s place of death considered the place where ❚❚ The hymn calls the “torrent rushing from His side” (st. 2) He rules and triumphs? a “precious flood” that washes us. How are we washed in ❚❚ How does Gal. 3:13 fit in here? the cross of Jesus? ❚❚ How do Baptism and the Lord’s Supper connect to this The hymn speaks of the cross as a “tree of beauty” (st. 5) image of blood and water flowing from the crucifixion that bore holy limbs. Further in that same stanza, the hymn of Christ? proclaims that the shame once associated with the tree is now gone. Stanza 3 says that Jesus reigns “in triumph from the tree.” ❚❚ What shame might be attached to a tree in the biblical narrative? See Gen. 3:1–7.

Making the Connection This hymn text pushes us boldly to meditate on the cross of We often encounter difficulties, burdens and afflictions. Christ, on His suffering and death. But it does that with us How can this hymn’s proclamation that Christ reigns and in the picture. Read the text hymn slowly and consider how triumphs, especially on the cross in His agony, be a comfort each part of the picture of Christ’s redemptive suffering to us? includes us and our sin and the salvation Christ brings. ❚❚ Are there words or images in this hymn that speak the ❚❚ How can you find yourself and Christ’s work for you in comfort of the crucified Christ to you? these individual words? ¬¬ ransom (st. 1) ¬¬ shame (st. 5) ¬¬ flood (st. 2) ¬¬ restore (st. 6) ¬¬ price (st. 4)

In Closing Christ is our King and Lord. But unlike other earthly rul- Prayer ers, the banners and symbols of His power are upside down. Merciful God, Your Son, Jesus Christ, was lifted high upon His banner is His holy cross, where He conquered in the the cross that He might bear the sins of the world and draw fight against our sin not with worldly displays of power but all people to Himself. Grant that we who glory in His death by suffering and dying. The true cross is shown forth in our for our redemption may faithfully heed His call to bear the midst by preaching, Baptism and the Lord’s Supper. There cross and follow Him, who lives and reigns with You and Christ has promised to give the victory over sin that His the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect cross has won. for Holy Cross Day). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 455.

Holy Cross Day, September 14 | Three-Year Lectionary 58 Seek Where You May to Find a Way

Lutheran Service Book 557 | study by Christopher I. Thoma

Introduction The story of the RMS Titanic is a familiar one. It is I remember watching a movie version of the tragedy and quite possible that the very mention of its name conjures asking myself, “If I were on that ship, what would I have thoughts of pompous vanity in newspapers calling it “un- done to save myself?” The ship was going to sink. That’s sinkable.” Even worse were the recorded quotes from the a fact. The only issue now was how to survive, how to crew, “Not even God can sink this ship.” And even though be saved. the Titanic was a visible testimony to man’s ingenuity and ❚❚ Consider and discuss manmade structures. Which ones drive to conquer nature, early in the morning of April 15, remain? Which ones have been destroyed? 1912, on its maiden voyage, the first-rate ship hit an iceberg and sank, killing about 1,500 passengers. ❚❚ Which ones need maintenance and repair for preservation?

Exploring the Scriptures Read John 6:68–69. John do that we have a tendency to neglect doing in our ❚❚ What do Peter’s words reveal about the objective truth of daily lives? the Gospel? ❚❚ How does Jesus respond to John? In other words, no ❚❚ Where do we hear these words in the Divine Service? matter what the need may be, does He do anything for John other than what He does for us? In a time of great Read Matt. 11:2–6. In this text, John the Baptist sends word need, where does Jesus focus John’s attention (and ours)? to Jesus to ask Him if He is the “one who is to come.” He is “seeking” an answer to this question. Read, compare and discuss the words of Ps. 49:5–15 and Rom. 8:28–39. Both of these texts speak of tragedy, trust, ❚❚ Why do you suppose John asked this question? endurance, life and death. Considering the context of his imprisonment, what does ❚❚ How does 1 Peter 3:21–22 shed light on this discussion?

Exploring the Hymn Background / He is the one foundation … / Through Him I more than It is suggested that Georg Weissel (1590–1635), the son of conquer” (st. 1). a mayor and the author of at least twenty hymns, penned this hymn and used it at his ordination, which took place Read Joshua 24:15. one week after the dedication of the new church building in ❚❚ What similarities do you find with Joshua’s words to the Königsberg, Prussia. He served this church as pastor until Israelites and the text of the hymn? his death. As with any building project, even in medieval times, ❚❚ Where in particular in the hymn do you see Weissel the building of a new church structure was a magnificent driving the reader away from the works of man to the accomplishment that heralded the abilities of man. works and accomplishments of God given in holy worship within the building? ❚❚ Based upon the context above, does Weissel reveal in his hymn a familiarity with man’s pride in the face of Text accomplishment? In what ways? In somewhat of a rhetorical sense, with stanza 1, “Seek ❚❚ Have you experienced a new building project in your Where You May to Find a Way” immediately begins by pre- congregation? If so, what care was taken to see that all senting the looming problem. glory was given to God? ❚❚ What is the problem? ❚ ❚ What do the following words reveal about the pride of ❚❚ What is the only viable solution? man and perhaps imply Weissel’s intentions as a newly ordained pastor? “My heart is stilled, / On Christ I build,

Proper 20C, the Fourth Sunday after the Epiphany and Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity (One-Year Lectionary) | Three-Year Lectionary 59 ❚❚ Read 1 Cor. 3:11–13. What is absolutely necessary for a ❚❚ How does the hymn reflect these truths in stanza 3? secure faith structure that will not sink, collapse, crumble or decay? Perhaps you noticed that within stanzas 1–3, the conversation of the hymn is taking place between the author and the With stanza 2, Weissel continues to place before us the reader. With stanza 4, we see a change. Stanza 4 becomes impenetrable hull (that is, doctrinal absolutes that cannot the confession of certainty of the hymnographer himself, be rejected) of God’s redemptive plan in history. making the joyful declaration that Jesus is his source of ❚❚ What does it mean that Jesus was “God-man,” and why delight and eternal joy. does it matter? How is this denied in the world? ❚❚ Read John 15:18–19 and Matt. 25:34. What do these texts ❚❚ Why is Jesus referred to as our “Servant-King”? How is say about the inheritance of faith in Christ? this denied in the world? ❚❚ Consider again Rom. 8:35–39 and consider the ❚❚ Which pinnacle event is referenced as the event that possibilities, worldly and spiritual, that seek to assault justifies? How does our Baptism connect to this objective and separate us from Christ. Is Paul bold or timid in his truth? Read Titus 3:3–7. words? How is this reflected in stanza 4? According to both, where is the power found to remain connected to Read Matt. 6:19–21, 25–34 and Luke 6:37–38. Christ? In other words, is it man’s work or God’s work? ❚ ❚❚ How do these texts speak to the abundance of God’s ❚ Read Ps. 119:105 and 2 Tim. 4:7–8. How is the Gospel grace? How do they speak to God’s mercy reshaping our promise revealed and to what end will it carry those who lives for service in this life? fight the fight of faith in this world?

Making the Connection This hymn is calling for the reader to locate his trust and ❚❚ Read John 1:14. Who is the “Word”? hope in the Savior, Jesus Christ, and the accomplishments of His life, death, resurrection and ascension for those who Saint Augustine referred to the Word of God as being given could not save themselves. in two forms, verbal and visible. ❚❚ Where does Weissel call for the reader to locate Jesus ❚❚ What is the verbal giving of Christ? with certainty? ❚❚ What is the visible giving of Christ?

In Closing Whether it is the almost immediate and epic sinking of the ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 557. Titanic or the slower, drawn-out epic of the deterioration of all things in this world, “Seek Where You May to Find Prayer a Way” is a poetic division of Law and Gospel that has at O Lord, keep Your Church in Your perpetual mercy; and its heart the epic of the Gospel solution for sin. It reminds because without You we cannot but fall, preserve us from the reader that all those who by faith build upon Christ, no all things hurtful, and lead us to all things profitable to our matter the tragedy, no matter the strife, are secured for an salvation; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who eternity in the glorious presence of Jesus in heaven. lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now ❚❚ What does this mean for your life and death in and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 20C). this world?

Proper 20C, the Fourth Sunday after the Epiphany and Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity (One-Year Lectionary) | Three-Year Lectionary 60 What Is the World to Me

Lutheran Service Book 730 | study by J. H. Sorenson

Introduction A very wealthy man thought he had made a shrewd ar- ❚❚ What do you think is the main point of the story? rangement to “take it with him” by making a huge contri- ❚❚ Is anything like that story remotely possible? bution to “the Building Fund.” He arrived at heaven’s gate lugging a large trunk. The gatekeeper said, “Sorry, you can’t This hymn emphasizes and underlines a teaching that few take that in here,” but the man insisted he had permission. people ever really learn. The gatekeeper said, “We’ll see. Show me what’s in the trunk.” He opened the trunk, and it was full of gold bars, a ❚❚ What evidence is there that St. Matthew learned it huge fortune. The gate-keeper said, “You brought paving?” (Matt. 9:9–13)? This modern parable illustrates something about the ❚❚ How did following Jesus change him? values of heaven and those of earth.

Exploring the Scriptures In Luke 16:1–13, Jesus told the parable of the dishonest In 1 John 2:15–17, the apostle urges us not to love the world manager to teach the importance of eternal values. In or the things of the world that appeal to our senses. In Phil. discussing the matter, He told His disciples and us, “No 3:7–9, Paul strongly and passionately says that he counts servant can serve two masters, for either he will hate the everything as rubbish compared to knowing Jesus Christ one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and by faith. despise the other. You cannot serve God and money” (v. 13). ❚❚ Do these two passages give a different message? ❚ ❚ What does the word “money” include? ❚❚ Why is loving the “things of this world” not compatible ❚❚ What are some of the “masters” we are susceptible to? with loving eternal things? ❚❚ What is the “tipping point” between love for God and love of money?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Does the translation change the meaning of the phrase? The origin of this fine eighteenth-century hymn is a little ❚❚ What is the answer to the question, either way? bit cloudy. Most students of the matter agree that the author was Georg Michael Pfefferkorn (1645–1732), a teacher Stanza 1 of the hymn makes a bold statement of the and pastor in Germany. However, the hymn first appeared changed value system of the Christian life, contrasting the anonymously and lately it has been attributed to Balthasar world and its “vaunted pleasure” against the peace and rest Kindermann (d. 1706). It was translated into English by of having Jesus as treasure and soul’s delight. August Crull, who was born in Germany in 1845. He emi- grated to the United States at an early age, and graduated ❚❚ What are some of the “vaunted pleasures” of this world? from Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, in 1862. He served as pastor and teacher in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Grand Stanza 2 considers the praise and honor of the “mighty” of Rapids, Michigan; and died in 1923. this world, but finds them “frail and flighty” compared to the surpassing worth of knowing Jesus. Text ❚❚ How are the “mighty” of this world “frail and flighty?” Pastor Crull used his gift as a poet in translating the key phrase of the hymn as “What is the world to me!” Its literal In Stanza 3 the wealth of this world in money is contrasted meaning in German is “What do I ask of the world?” to the wealth of knowing Jesus.

St. Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist, September 21 and the Ninth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 61 ❚❚ How much money is enough? Jesus means to the believer — wealth, treasure, life, health, friendship, love, pleasure, joy and eternal bliss. The fourth stanza brings the main message of the hymn to- ❚❚ Can you think of a few more things to add to the list? gether in a striking way with a list of important things that

Making the Connection Hard times often make people reevaluate their list of what In the lifetimes of most of us, we have seen unprecedent- is important in life. ed prosperity. Our nation as a whole is part of the wealth- ❚❚ Have you had that kind of experience lately? Or ever? iest people the world has ever seen. Yet we have recently been hearing of the overwhelming greed of some of our Jesus said, “For it is easier for a camel to go through the eye fellow citizens — not only greed for money and possessions, of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of but for power, for pleasure and whatever else the world God” (Luke 18:25). may give. ❚ ❚❚ Is it easier for a poor person to believe? ❚ What are some of the signs of this trend?

❚❚ How poor do you have to be? Christians are not immune to these social trends, but by our Savior’s grace we are called to ask the question, “What “What Is the World to Me” is a hymn not only for the eigh- is the world to me?” teenth century, but for the twenty-first century as well. It ❚ seems designed to make us think about what is important ❚ How does this trend toward the values of this world show eternally and who we have in first place in our lives. itself in the church? ❚❚ What can Christians do to work against this trend?

In Closing Another parable that teaches a point similar to the story Prayer about the rich man who thought he had a way to “take it Almighty God, heavenly Father, You have called us to be with him” is Jesus’ parable of the rich fool (Luke 12:16–21). Your children and heirs of Your gracious promises in Christ A man is so wealthy he has no place to store all his goods. Jesus. Grant us Your Holy Spirit that we may forsake all He decides to tear down his barns and build bigger ones, covetous desires and the inordinate love of riches. Deliver thinking that then he will be at ease. “But God said to him, us from the pursuit of passing things that we may seek the ‘Fool! This night your soul is required of you, and the things kingdom of Your Son and trust in His righteousness and so you have prepared, whose will they be?’ So is the one who find blessedness and peace; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. lays up treasure for himself and is not rich toward God” Amen (Against the love of money, LSB, p. 311). (Luke 12:20–21). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 730.

St. Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist, September 21 and the Ninth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 62 Lord, Thee I Love with All My Heart

Lutheran Service Book 708 | study by Randy Wurschmidt

Introduction As the young woman lies dying in her hospital bed, the the hope of eternal life in heaven. This stanza is famously pastor is urgently summoned. He brings with him his well- used as the final chorale in J. S. Bach’s St. John Passion, used Pastoral Care Companion; anticipating that death is giving the Good Friday narrative an appropriate ending imminent, he opens to the “Commendation of the Dying.” — not with our Lord dead on the cross, but with the open Prayers are prayed, psalms are chanted and Scriptures tomb and death defeated. are read. After the Creed and the Lord’s Prayer, he sings ❚❚ Is a Christian’s death different from the death of an the Nunc Dimittis, “Lord, now You let Your servant go in unbeliever? Why or why not? peace,”3 Then he sings stanza 3 of this hymn, “Lord, let at last Thine angels come.” ❚❚ What is the benefit of the pastor being at the bedside of It is a beautiful and confident way for the Christian to one who is dying? face death, trusting in God’s promise of the resurrection, in

Exploring the Scriptures Anyone who is paying attention knows that this life is far resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come” from perfect. There are disappointments and heartache, (LSB, p. 191). The Athanasian Creed goes even further, stat- illness and pain. “Change and decay in all around I see,” ing, “And those who have done good will enter into eternal we sing in another favorite hymn of trust and hope (LSB life, and those who have done evil into eternal fire” LSB( , p. 878:4). And of course, there is death. Most people think 320), meaning that those who have rejected Jesus will expe- of death as an unfortunate but normal part of life. There rience weeping and gnashing of teeth in eternal damnation. may be some vague thought of heaven (never hell!) for the ❚❚ Read 1 Cor. 15:12–28. When (or who) is the beginning of nice people; for some, death means simply disintegration death and the end of death, according to verse 21? Why back into the earth and no more. But there is more; there should this give us hope? is much more, for Jesus has promised to return on the Last Day and raise the dead. ❚❚ Read Psalm 90. How should we consider this life, in light It won’t be just the righteous that He raises, but all of this psalm? Should we put our hope and trust in the people, as we confess in the Nicene Creed, “I look for the things of our life now?

Exploring the Hymn Background Even if we were without religious strife, death is still a The text was written by Martin Schalling (1532– 1608), a universal problem in this life, and all Christians should be Lutheran pastor and theologian who was a disciple of the able to confess the truths sung in this hymn, finding com- reformer Philipp Melanchthon, author of the Augsburg fort in these words. Confession. Martin Schalling lived during a time of intense ❚❚ What would be some of the challenges for a pastor in a religious strife, which reached even outside Germany and time of ever-changing allegiances? Could you continue throughout Europe. As the Reformation moved forward, to confess the truth even if your job or your life depended the Roman Catholics often fought back, countering with on it? their own documents and creeds. At that time, Germany was composed of many small principalities and kingdoms. Text It was up to each individual ruler to decide on the religious In the first stanza, we are reminded that earth’s pleasures confession of his territory, leading to many changes as are no match for eternal life in heaven, and that the most rulers came and went. Unfortunately, these battles of words important thing for us is to be in the presence of God. often spilled out into battles of swords, and many were killed in wars and power struggles during this time. ❚❚ Where does Jesus promise to be when we gather for the Divine Service each Sunday?

3 LSB Pastoral Care Companion (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2007), p. 93.

Proper 21C, the Nineteenth Sunday after Trinity and the Second Sunday in Lent | Three-Year Lectionary 63 In the second stanza, we are reminded of the Creed, as Sing the third stanza now, if you have not already. Here we you may have learned it from the Small Catechism. So in have the heart and soul of this hymn. Jesus said, “For what the meaning of the First Article, Luther writes, “I believe will it profit a man if he gains the whole world and forfeits that God has made me and all creatures; that He has given his soul?” (Matt. 16:26). All roads point to the end. The me my body and soul, eyes, ears, and all my members, my whole life of a Christian is one preparing for death. And in reason and all my senses, and still takes care of them” (LSB, these words, we confess to what end we have held steadfast: p. 322). We pray that the devil, the world and our own flesh “That these mine eyes with joy may see, / O Son of God, Thy would not betray us, or lead us into temptation or doubt. glorious face, / My Savior and my fount of grace” (st. 3). ❚❚ According to this stanza, how do we glorify God’s lavish ❚❚ Each stanza closes with the refrain, “Lord Jesus Christ.” grace? To whom is our own love directed? Compare each of these and describe how, just from the last phrase, each stanza summarizes our life of faith.

Making the Connection When the Pharisees tested Jesus, asking, “Teacher which is This we do when we share Jesus’ body and blood at the the great commandment in the Law?” (Matt. 22:36). Jesus rail with fellow saints. We do this when we receive the answered by saying, “You shall love the Lord your God with forgiveness of sins promised from the cross and forgive all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. those who trespass against us. We love our neighbors when This is the great and first commandment. And a second is we help them in time of need, pray for and with them and like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these comfort them with the beautiful hymns of our faith. two commandments depend all the Law and the Prophets” ❚❚ In times of distress, have you ever just sat down with your (Matt. 22:36–40). This hymn sums up these command- hymnal open and sung? Why or why not? ments very well. We love God because He loved us first and gave His only begotten Son for the forgiveness of our sins; ❚❚ How does our own selfishness and sin keep us from we love our neighbor because God has given us everything facing death without fear? we need for this life and the next.

In Closing “We should fear, love, and trust in God above all things,” we you haven’t already. And sing it as you journey from this life confess in the meaning of the First Commandment (LSB, p. into death and into life everlasting. 321). As you know, this is easier said than done because by ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 708. nature we look to other gods. This is why we need to regularly hear the Word of God, why we need to regularly hear Prayer the words of absolution from our pastors, why we need to Almighty, everlasting God, Your Son has assured forgive- regularly receive Jesus’ body and blood — to ease our bur- ness of sins and deliverance from eternal death. Strengthen dened consciences, and to strengthen our faith in God and us by Your Holy Spirit that our faith in Christ may increase our fervent love for our neighbor. For God has promised daily and that we may hold fast to the hope that on the Last salvation to you, and baptized you into His life and death. Day we shall be raised in glory to eternal life; through Jesus He has assured you that as His sons and daughters, you will Christ, our Lord. Amen (Hope of eternal life in Christ, LSB, inherit eternal life with Him on account of Christ, who cov- p. 313). ers all your sins in His own righteousness. Therefore, sing this hymn with all boldness and confidence. Sing it now if

Proper 21C, the Nineteenth Sunday after Trinity and the Second Sunday in Lent | Three-Year Lectionary 64 Lord God, to Thee We Give All Praise

Lutheran Service Book 522 | study by Thomas E. Lock

Introduction For this feast of the church year Martin Luther preached: A. Klug, ed., Sermons of Martin Luther [Grand Rapids: Now, you have often heard that the devil is around Baker Books, 1996], 7:375–6) people everywhere, in palaces, in houses, in the field, on ❚❚ The devil and his demons are angels who sinned against the streets, in the water, in the forest, in fire; devils are God (2 Peter 2:4). With what power or might can people everywhere. All they ever do is seek man’s destruction. … defend themselves against the evil spirits? What hope is Against such a malicious, spiteful, cunning enemy, who is there for Christians? continually hounding us, God has appointed the beloved ❚❚ Are there events that have happened which reveal the angels, to keep watch so that where the devil suddenly destructive power of the devil and his crew? How have comes and strikes with pestilence, with fire, with hail, angels guarded people from such evil? and the like, an angel is there to counter it. (Eugene F.

Exploring the Scriptures Who, or what, are angels? It is a common fallacy that angels into sin. But at Christ’s death and resurrection, what took are Christians who have died and been taken to heaven. As place according to Rev. 12:9? Where do Satan and his we will see, they are spirit beings who are in heaven along- demons now reside? Why should heaven rejoice and earth side God and His saints. fear at his descent? ❚❚ Read Matt. 18:10, a portion of the Holy Gospel for this ❚❚ Read Rev. 7:9–14. Besides the angels, who are present day. Who protects Christians? Where are they? Whose around the heavenly throne? face do they see? ❚❚ Who will judge the angels? The answer is given in 1 Cor. ❚❚ Read the Epistle for this day, Rev. 12:7–12. What took 6:2–3. How then is it possible for saints to become place? Who was the leader of the angels? In Job 1:6–12 angels? Doesn’t the fallacy of saints becoming angels we see that Satan had access to heaven even after his fall actually diminish the standing of saints?

Exploring the Hymn Background and by the educated. In 1554 Melanchthon’s friend and Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) was Luther’s right-hand colleague, Paul Eber, made a German translation so that it man during the Reformation. Born as Philipp Schwartzerd could be sung by the uneducated as well. Finally, this hymn in 1497, he was given the name Melanchthon (which is came to us in an English translation by Lutheran pastor Greek for “black earth,” the meaning of Schwartzerd in Emanuel Cronenwett. German) by one of his teachers, Johannes Reuchlin. ❚❚ Why was it important for the Latin version to be Melanchthon was highly intellectual, even in his youth, translated into German and English? having earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1511 and his Master of Arts degree in 1514. In 1518 he accepted a call Text to teach Greek and literature at Wittenberg University, Stanza 1 of our hymn for today is a general thanksgiving to Wittenberg, Germany. At Wittenberg he trained genera- God for the angels, based on Ps.103:20–22 and Matt. 18:10. tions of men how to be theologians through his compilation The remainder of the hymn explores why Christians thank of texts under subject headings known as Loci communes God for these angels. theologici. Melanchthon also gave the church three of Stanzas 2 and 3 speak of the nature of these angels the Lutheran Confessions, later contained in the Book of of God. Concord, namely, the Augsburg Confession (1530), the Apology of the Augsburg Confession (1531), and the Treatise ❚❚ When Jesus spoke of the angels in Matthew 18, He was on the Power and Primacy of the Pope (1537). speaking from His own knowledge as God, and as He Melanchthon published this hymn in Latin in 1543. Since revealed in Ps.34:7. Read Ps.34:7. How is that verse like it was in Latin, the hymn was to be used at the university the lines in stanza 3, “Their whole delight is but to be /

St. Michael and All Angels, September 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 65 With Thee, Lord Jesus, and to keep / Thy little flock, Thy ❚❚ Read stanza 5 of our hymn. Against whom is the deceiver lambs and sheep”? of old fighting? ❚❚ Read Rev. 20:1–2. Who is the dragon being bound? Who Stanzas 4–6 sing of the one against whom the angels need does the binding? to defend the saints. ❚❚ Read Eph. 6:10–12. How are the evil angels portrayed in Stanzas 7 and 8 conclude Melanchthon’s hymn. verse 12? ❚❚ Read the final two stanzas of the hymn. Who defeats our ❚❚ Read 1 Peter 5:8–9. How is the devil described? What foe? What are Christians to do in return for this blessing? does he seek?

Making the Connection Luther included morning and evening prayers in his Small were not there [with His angels] all the time preventing Catechism. Both of these prayers include the sentence, “Let their occurrence, they would happen continuously; and Your holy angel be with me, that the evil foe may have no for this reason we ought to pray all the more diligently power over me” (LSB, p. 327). and thank God for such protection” (Sermons of Martin ❚❚ Whom does God appoint to guard you from dangers of Luther, 7:376). body and soul? Have you ever had a time when you might have been injured or even died, but you escaped all harm? ❚❚ Have there been occurrences in your life in which one can Explain what happened. see God’s withholding of the protection by the angels? Why would such a loving God allow terrorist attacks to Luther preached: occur in the United States and other countries? “[God] does at times permit us to experience such things [evil and harmful attacks], that we might learn, if God

In Closing Why do Christians celebrate the Feast of St. Michael and ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 522. All Angels? Luther summed it up nicely in one of his sermons on this day, Prayer “This feast commemorating the angels has been placed in Everlasting God, You have ordained and constituted the the church’s calendar for the sake of our young people, or service of angels and men in a wonderful order. Mercifully more correctly, for the sake of all Christians, so that they grant that, as Your holy angels always serve and worship might train themselves to think about the beloved angels You in heaven, so by Your appointment they may also help and thank God for appointing these mighty lords to be and defend us here on earth; through Your Son, Jesus his servants for us” (Sermons of Martin Luther, 7:374–5). Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for St. Thanks be to God for appointing these ministering spirits Michael and All Angels). (Ps. 104:4 and Heb. 1:7).

St. Michael and All Angels, September 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 66 I Know My Faith Is Founded

Lutheran Service Book 587 | study by Paul F. Becker

Introduction Most evangelical Christians think of faith in a man- cen- The question could not be more important, Will I rely on tered way, as this previous Wikipedia entry illustrates, “… my personal acts of trust, self-abandonment and commit- [faith] was an act of trust and self-abandonment in which ment, or will I turn to something outside myself, to Christ people no longer rely on their own strength and policies but and the Holy Spirit working through the Word and promis- commit themselves to the power and guiding word of him es of God? How we answer the question of faith will shape in whom they believe.”4 our view of salvation, personal growth in holiness, worship, Lutheran Christians, on the other hand, hold a God- cen- mission, spiritual warfare and preparation for death and tered view of faith, as stated in the Augsburg Confession: eternity. “Through the Word and Sacraments, as through instru- This hymn delivers a very personal testimony and con- ments, the Holy Spirit is given [John 20:22]. He works fession of trust in God that points to the blessing of keeping faith, when and where it pleases God [John 3:8], in those our focus on Jesus Christ, the founder and perfecter of our who hear the good news that God justifies those who be- faith (Heb. 12:2). lieve that they are received into grace for Christ’s sake. This ❚❚ Discuss some of the consequences of a man-centered happens not through our own merits, but for Christ’s sake” approach to Christianity. (AC V 2–3, p. 33). ❚❚ What are some of the challenges and blessings of a God- centered view of Christian faith?

Exploring the Scriptures In his 1522 “Preface to the Epistle of St. Paul to the In John 17:8, Jesus says that three things have happened in Romans,” Martin Luther wrote: “Faith, however, is a divine those to whom the Father’s words have been given. What work in us which changes us and makes us to be born anew happens when we welcome the gifts Christ freely gives? of God, John 1[:12–13]. It kills the old Adam and makes us Responding to His command to forgive those who sin altogether different men, in heart and spirit and mind and against them, the disciples entreat the Lord, “Increase powers; and it brings with it the Holy Spirit. O it is a living, our faith!” (Luke 17:5). When our relationships become busy, active, mighty thing, this faith. It is impossible for it strained, what can strengthen them? See 1 Peter 1:3–9. not to be doing good works incessantly” (AE 35:370). ❚❚ Describe the hope you have because of the resurrection of Read 2 Tim. 1:6–14. Jesus from the dead. ❚ ❚ Notice the God-centered verbs: gave, saved, called, ❚❚ Have you or someone you know been grieved or manifested, abolished death, brought life, appointed. distressed by various trials or even tested by fire? What ❚❚ What can we do? Find four actions for believers in impact did this have on your relationship with God? verses 6–14.

Exploring the Hymn Background Text Erdmann Neumeister (1671–1756), a Lutheran pastor in the At the conclusion of His Sermon on the Mount, Jesus age of Pietism, wrote several hymns and various cantata contrasts two dwellings, one built on sand, and one built on texts for the church year that were set to music by his con- solid rock (Matt. 7:24–27). The latter represents all those temporary J. S. Bach. Through his hymns and cantata texts, who hear His Word and practice it. Stanza 1 reflects this Pastor Neumeister preached the sure and certain comfort parable: “Unmoved I stand on His sure Word” versus the given in God’s Word. failure of using reason: “Who trusts in human wisdom / Relies on shifting ground.” A clear choice between human

4 “Faith in Christianity,” The Distributed Wikipedia Mirror, last modified May 2017, accessed May 15, 2018,ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72 vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Faith_in_Christianity.html

Proper 22C | Three-Year Lectionary 67 and divine wisdom confronts us all. Our Lord promises that ❚❚ What spiritual habits (think exercise, nutrition) can keep we will find rest for our souls, “rest secure” (st. 1), when we us on a trajectory of growing in our relationship with God? trust in His all- sufficient Word. ❚❚ Often the foundation of our lives remains hidden, unseen, Genuine faith as portrayed in stanza 3, created by God’s until catastrophe strikes. Discuss how even natural Word and Spirit, cannot be content to sit back and watch storms, such as Hurricane Katrina, reveal the folly of the world go by, but always seeks opportunities to serve trusting human wisdom. God by loving our neighbor. The hymn mentions experiences that might be perceived as negative, such as persecution, ❚❚ Why will human reason and human wisdom ultimately grief and pain. How might they also become opportunities prove insufficient sources of security? to serve our neighbors in love? The end of life comes into the text as the fulfillment of In stanza 2, we see that faith built on God’s Word is not faith, as Jesus takes us home and we inherit His riches. His static or inert, but dynamic, capable of growth and vul- keeping and His mercy are the focus from beginning to end. nerable to attack from the one who come to steal, kill, and ❚ destroy. As Jesus keeps His promise to be with me always, ❚ Where else but in church, singing hymns of faith, do we and the Holy Spirit leads and guides, I am undismayed, un- ever think or speak about death and dying? What does afraid. Because God gets all the credit for my firmer faith, I the “end of faith” mean to you? can now defy what would otherwise rob me of hope. ❚❚ How does this kind of Christ-centered faith give you a view of death, and life after death, that sees what is invisible to the natural eye?

Making the Connection While faith is clearly the main theme of our hymn, almost ❚❚ What are some things we can do to remind ourselves every area of the Christian life will be affected by whether throughout the day and week that all of life really revolves we come to it with a man-centered or God- centered view. around God the Father, Son and Holy Spirit? St. Paul says that the life he now lives in the body he lives by ❚❚ Take a few moments to read the great chapter on faith, faith in the Son of God, who loves him and gave Himself for Hebrews 11. How would seeing yourself with a similar him (Gal. 2:20). faith change the way you pray about things, or the kind of risks you are willing to take?

In Closing The Post-Communion Collect of the Divine Service prays: Prayer “We give thanks to You, almighty God, that You have O God, our refuge and strength, the author of all godliness, refreshed us through this salutary gift, and we implore by Your grace hear the prayers of Your Church. Grant that You that of Your mercy You would strengthen us through those things which we ask in faith we may receive through the same in faith toward You and in fervent love toward Your bountiful mercy; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our one another” (LSB, p. 201). At the weekly Eucharist, God Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, does indeed strengthen us in true faith toward Him and in one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 22C). fervent love toward one another. ❚❚ Read aloud or sing together LSB 587.

Proper 22C | Three-Year Lectionary 68 Your Hand, O Lord, in Days of Old

Lutheran Service Book 846 | study by Robert A. Sorensen

Introduction According to statistics compiled by the Center for Disease tools and surgical procedures are such that we are often Control, the average American lifespan is about seven- amazed at the progress. And yet sickness, disease and hu- ty-eight years. That number represents a remarkable in- man suffering have not been eliminated. Deep within all of crease over the past century. In 1900, the average American us is a gnawing fear of untreatable disease and the unavoid- lifespan was about forty-seven years. By 1930 this number able effects of aging. had still not reached sixty. It was not until 1961 that the ❚❚ What illness or disease is most frightening to you? average American lived to the age of seventy. These numbers are skewed downward somewhat by the ❚❚ Does it seem credible that science will ever eradicate all fact that previous generations had significantly higher rates disease and physical suffering? of infant mortality. In the time of Jesus, it is estimated that only about half of the children born reached the age of five. Today’s hymn and Scripture lessons focus upon Jesus’ Today we enjoy not only longer lives but also healthier healing power. Despite great advances in medicine, this ones. Inexorable advances in pharmaceuticals, diagnostic remains most relevant and important.

Exploring the Scriptures The story about the single Samaritan leper returning to ❚❚ Put yourself in the shoes of a leper in Jesus’ day. Which thank Jesus (Luke 17:11–19) highlights several important would bother you more: suffering a chronic physical themes. The motif most often stressed is the failure of malady or enduring the social isolation? the nine to return and thank Jesus. Beyond this theme ❚❚ What kinds of modern illnesses render people today like are several others, however. These too are worthy of our the lepers of old? Do you know anyone who suffers from a consideration. comparable social isolation? Another important theme involves the social and religious isolation suffered by lepers in Palestine that first Given the social isolation of lepers, Jesus’ command that century. Because Lev. 13:1–3 and chapter 14 declared lepers the ten go to present themselves to the priest makes perfect to be unclean, they were effectively quarantined. They had sense. His intent was not merely to heal them. That He to live apart from the rest of the community. Leviticus 14 did, of course. But He also commanded them to go show stipulated that if lepers were judged by a priest to be healed, themselves to the priest. His purpose in this was to have they could return and be restored to their place in society. them pronounced clean and restored to their former places Such laws explain why Luke 17:12 depicts the ten lepers in society. standing at a distance from Jesus and yelling to Him. By Mosaic Law, it was unlawful for them to approach Jesus or ❚❚ Do you know a story that illustrates the power of have close contact with Him. restoration? It could involve recovery from illness, exoneration from a false charge, a reunion with lost loved ones, etc.

Exploring the Hymn Background Over and above his pastoral work, Plumptre was a great The author of this hymn, Edward H. Plumptre (1821–91), scholar and university professor. At different times he held was a man of great education and accomplishment. He professorships in New Testament Exegesis and Pastoral studied at excellent schools, first at King’s College, London, Theology. His mastery of ancient Greek was such that he and then at University College, Oxford. By the age of twen- had translations of Aeschylus and Sophocles published. ty-five he was ordained and serving in the Anglican Church. And, as the hymn here under review testifies, he was a poet Throughout his long years of service, he preached from and hymn writer of great ability. some of England’s most distinguished pulpits, among them ❚❚ Of all his great accomplishments, which do you imagine the ones at Oxford and St. Paul’s Cathedral. gave Plumptre the greatest satisfaction and feeling of

Proper 23C | Three-Year Lectionary 69 accomplishment? You might consider 1 Corinthians 13 as ❚❚ How would these illnesses affect the lives of those you formulate your answer. afflicted with them in first-century Palestine? How would it have affected their families? See John 5:1–8 and 9:1–5, Professor Plumptre’s pastoral heart is clearly visible in as well as Acts 3:1–10. “Your Hand, O Lord, in Days of Old.” In fact, he wrote it and first had it published for use in the chapel of King’s This hymn’s second stanza calls to mind healings Jesus per- College Hospital in London. Given the reception and formed in His day: “Your touch then, Lord, brought life and popularity of the hymn, however, it soon began to appear health.” It also implores Him to act in our day, saying, “And in many other places as well. Today, it is found in many now, O Lord, be near to bless, / Almighty as before.” different hymnals. ❚❚ How is Jesus “near to bless” today? ❚ ❚ If your pastor was as multitalented as Dr. Plumptre, ❚❚ How does Jesus come to “crowded street, by beds of would your congregation allow him to pursue activities pain” today? outside the parish, such as teaching and writing? Or would you insist that he confine himself to working for The concluding stanza has these words: “To hands that the congregation? work and eyes that see, / Give wisdom’s healing pow’r.” This seems to suggest that Jesus sometimes works His healing Text power through people’s hands. The first stanza of this hymn refers to people suffering from a broad spectrum of maladies and diseases: the blind, ❚❚ Might this mean that the Lord uses doctors, nurses and mute, palsied, lame, lepers and those afflicted with fevers. medical research as a means for imparting health to His people? ❚❚ Which of these maladies strikes most dread in you? Do you know anyone who suffers from one of these maladies?

Making the Connection The Gospel accounts repeatedly draw a connection between Jesus’ ultimate act of healing and restoring is the one He Jesus’ healings and His status as promised Messiah. Thus, will complete on the Last Day. Then He will banish sin and when Jesus is asked by John’s delegation if He truly is the death, transform our mortal bodies into glorified heavenly promised Messiah, He responds, “Go and tell John what ones and wipe every tear from our eyes. you have seen and heard: the blind receive their sight, the ❚❚ What malady will you most rejoice to see banished on the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead Last Day, when Jesus restores all things? Whom do you are raised up, the poor have good news preached to them” most look forward to seeing in a glorified, heavenly body? (Luke 7:22).

In Closing If we compare our medical care to that of previous genera- ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 846. tions, we can only marvel and thank the Lord for the wonderful wisdom He has granted to those who practice the Prayer healing arts. And yet the age-old problems associated with Almighty God, You show mercy to Your people in all their disease and aging remain. These will never be completely troubles. Grant us always to recognize Your goodness, give removed from us in this world. thanks for Your compassion, and praise Your Holy name; Jesus, the Great Physician, will someday come again. through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and Then, He will remove death and illness from us once and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for all. In the meantime, He does not abandon us or ignore forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 23C). our suffering. He stands ready to hear our supplications and then send healing as He sees fit. His faithfulness moves us to respond as did the healed Samaritan leper—he “fell on his face at Jesus’ feet, giving him thanks” (Luke 17:16).

Proper 23C | Three-Year Lectionary 70 O God of God, O Light of Light

Lutheran Service Book 810 | study by David R. Schmitt

Introduction An artist once made a pair of banners that hung from the With these banners, an artist created a vision of the ceiling to the floor, framing a stone altar in the front of Church. From the world, the Church can often look like a church. an ordinary gathering of people, a plain piece of fabric. If you look at the banners from the back of the church, But when you enter into the congregation and participate they look like two plain panels of red. As you move into the in worship, you begin to see what God has done. God has church, however, the vision changes. gathered people from all parts of the world and woven them When you are about halfway down the aisle you notice together in His Son, Jesus Christ. These people hear a song that the banners aren’t plain at all but have words on them. of praise that begins in heaven, comes to earth, where they Because the letters are the same color as the panels, at join their voices and then returns to heaven once again. first you did not see them. About halfway down the aisle, ❚❚ What this artist did with fabric, this hymn does with however, you read the word “Alleluia.” An altar framed words and music. It brings to our lips a song of heaven with alleluias. and teaches us to join the angels in praise. When you reach the front of the church you see that the banners are not plain panels of cloth at all; they are a weav- ❚❚ When artists paint visions of heaven, they usually picture ing together of various fabrics all the same color. Bits of felt angels singing. Why? are woven with burlap, satin with velvet, to make two large ❚❚ When you think about the content of our singing in panels bearing the word “Alleluia.” Finally, when you kneel worship, could the angels join us in song? Why or at the Communion rail, you see a ribbon running through why not? the banner, beginning at the top, moving to the bottom and returning to the top once again. A ribbon of praise.

Exploring the Scriptures In Revelation, the apostle John records a vision of heaven, ❚❚ After the angels sing, all of creation joins the song of where angels join their voices in song before the throne of praise. Who does John tell us is singing and how does God. Read Rev. 5:11–12. that help us understand the extent of Jesus’ rule? ❚❚ Why do the angels call Jesus the Lamb? Compare John ❚❚ How does this give deeper meaning to those times in 1:29 and Exodus 12. worship when we sing “This Is the Feast”? ❚❚ Why is this Lamb’s death of such great value to the angels? See Luke 15:1–7. In John’s vision, all creation joins in one eternal song, praising God for His saving work in Jesus, the one whose death Moving outward from this angelic song, we notice that it and resurrection save us from our sin. Until the return of is part of a much larger event of singing, as one song leads Christ, however, this contagious song is not being fully sung into another and that song leads into yet another song. on earth. Read Rom. 8:18–25 to see how the apostle Paul Read Rev. 5:6–10, 13–14. describes creation’s current song. ❚ ❚❚ Before the angels sing, the elders greet the presence of the ❚ What is the sound one hears from creation? risen Christ by remembering what He has done. What ❚❚ Why is creation groaning rather than singing? has Jesus done that the elders celebrate in song?

Exploring the Hymn Background Hymnology that is still in use today. How fitting then that John Julian (1839–1913), an Anglican priest, is best known the one hymn by Julian in LSB is a hymn about singing. not for his hymn writing but for his writing on hymns. Julian wrote this hymn for the Sheffield Church Choirs During his lifetime, he published an extensive Dictionary of Union Festival on April 16, 1883.

St. Luke, Evangelist, October 18 | Three-Year Lectionary 71 ❚❚ What are some reasons churches have choir festivals? In the second stanza, this angelic song enters into the fallen ❚❚ What are some reasons people go to these festivals? world. The hymn contrasts the long period of prophetic waiting with the sudden appearance of the angels teaching ❚❚ What reasons does Julian’s hymn offer for holding and the shepherds to sing at the birth of Christ. participating in a choir festival? ❚❚ How did Gen. 3:15 begin a long period of waiting for our The choir festival for which Julian wrote this hymn was “coming Lord”? held on the Monday following the Fourth Sunday of Easter. ❚❚ The angels are messengers of God, bringing the good ❚❚ How does Julian’s hymn relate to the Church’s celebration news of salvation to the shepherds. How did hearing that of Easter? message make the shepherds messengers as well (cf. Luke 2:8–20)? ❚❚ How does Julian’s hymn look forward to the Church’s upcoming celebration of the Ascension? In the third stanza, the hymn teaches us to be messengers of the Good News as we sing of salvation in the life, death, Text resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ. Like the artist’s banner, Julian’s hymn begins with a song ❚ of praise sung eternally (“forever rings”) in heaven (st. 1). As ❚ Compare the first four lines of this stanza with the you read the first stanza, notice how the words shift from earliest Christian preaching of the Good News in Acts describing something that happens in heaven (“The song 2:22–24 and 32–33. How is preaching part of the of praise forever rings”) to inviting something to happen Church’s song of praise? on earth (“To Him … Be all the glory … All thanks and ❚❚ The stanza closes with a moment of anxious anticipation praise”). (“Lift up your heads”) sung by angels and humans. What ❚❚ What is the primary reason the angels give such praise to do we await (cf. Rev. 21:1–8)? Jesus (cf. line 6 of vs. 1)? In the fourth stanza, this heavenly song now rises from ❚❚ How do we join them in giving glory, thanks and praise to earth and returns to heaven, so that human voices join Jesus Christ in worship? In the world? angelic choirs in a song of praise that never ends. ❚❚ How have you participated in that song this past week? Today?

Making the Connection This hymn is appointed for the Church’s celebration of and become our song as we praise God for what He is doing St. Luke, the Evangelist. Luke records many of the songs in Christ among us today. of praise that people sang when God worked salvation in ❚❚ Read the Nunc Dimittis (Luke 2:29–32) and share with Jesus Christ in their midst. Those songs of praise are now one another a phrase from Simeon’s song that expresses included in our services of worship (the Magnificat, the your praise to God for what He has done for you and for Gloria in Excelsis, the Benedictus and the Nunc Dimittis) others in the Lord’s Supper.

In Closing While your congregation may not have the banner de- Prayer scribed in the opening of this study, you do have the work God of majesty, whom saints and angels delight to worship of faithful artists who have listened to the songs of angels in heaven, be with Your servants who make art and music and put the story of our world’s salvation in Jesus Christ for Your people that with joy we on earth may glimpse Your into words for you to sing on earth. As the angels taught beauty. Bring us to the fulfillment of that hope of perfection the shepherds to join in heaven’s praise (Luke 2:13–14 and that will be ours as we stand before Your unveiled glory; 20), so too our hymns now teach us to join the angels as we through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen (For church musi- raise our voices and sing back to heaven what has first been cians and artists, LSB, p. 307). given to us. ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 810.

St. Luke, Evangelist, October 18 | Three-Year Lectionary 72 I Trust, O Lord, Your Holy Name

Lutheran Service Book 734 | study by Scott R. Schilbe

Introduction God has a way of using problems in life to drive us closer becomes chaotic and unsettled. In other words, the hymn to Him. Though we may see no benefit to our struggles as gives voice to how we cling to God all the more when diffi- we endure them, we, in faith, believe that our problems cult times come our way. and afflictions “are God’s works, intended for our benefit, ❚❚ Examine times of your life when you’ve felt the most and that God’s power might be made more apparent in our unsettled and vulnerable. What or who gave you comfort? weakness” (Ap XII [VI] 63). “I Trust, O Lord, Your Holy Name” is a hymn that ❚❚ How does God’s presence provide peace when you expresses the patient faith we have in God whenever life are upset?

Exploring the Scriptures Today’s appointed lessons discuss trial and difficulty experi- suffer for proclaiming Christ’s Word “in season and out of enced in the lives of God’s people. In Gen. 32:1–21, we read season” (v. 2)? of how Jacob feared his brother Esau. Genesis 27 reveals ❚❚ How could pastors become fearful as they fulfill their reasons for Esau’s anger against Jacob. Jacob evidently ministry? What are some of the pressures that pastors feared that Esau would take revenge upon him for dishon- and church workers face? How could today’s hymn estly acquiring the coveted blessing. remind them of God’s presence and faithfulness in times ❚❚ In Gen. 32:22–30, we read of how lonely and fearful of anxiety? Jacob wrestled with God. How could today’s hymn give voice to Jacob’s fears? How could today’s hymn have The parable of the persistent widow, Luke 18:1–8, reminds calmed Jacob’s fears? us of the importance of persistence in our prayer life with God. Today’s Epistle, 2 Tim. 3:14–4:5, encourages pastors to ❚❚ In times of fear, what does this parable remind us of preach God’s Word. concerning God’s faithfulness? ❚❚ Do you think that your pastor(s) and church workers need encouragement? How do you think your church workers

Exploring the Hymn Background Text Adam Reusner (1496–1575) was an acquaintance of Martin Psalm 31 serves as the basis for the hymn. The hymn para- Luther and was familiar with the reformer’s cause. But he phrases the psalm’s thoughts. Read Psalm 31 and answer didn’t confess Luther’s theology. He instead aligned himself the following questions. with Caspar Schwenkfeld and Schwenkfeld’s radical beliefs, ❚❚ Whose righteousness delivers you from trouble (v. 1)? beliefs not confessed by the Augsburg Confession. Though Reusner wasn’t a confessor of the Augsburg ❚❚ What are some of the images the psalmist uses to Confession, Reusner did live in this turbulent Reformation describe God (vv. 2b and 3a)? environment. ❚❚ Why can the psalmist say that the Lord knows his ❚❚ From your understanding of the Reformation era, what afflictions (v. 7, also Heb. 2:14, 18)? were some of the political and religious struggles that ❚❚ The psalmist’s physical and emotional well-being seems would drive the reformers to trust God even more than to be in danger according to verses 11–13. Despite his they already did? present predicament, God uses his troubles to draw the ❚❚ What phrases of the hymn could have been especially psalmist closer to Him. How does the psalmist express meaningful for Luther and other confessors of the this faith relationship in verses 14–17? Augsburg Confession? ❚❚ How does this psalm of trust conclude (vv. 21–24)?

Proper 24C | Three-Year Lectionary 73 ❚❚ How does this conclusion comfort us as we endure life’s ❚❚ Col. 1:21–23 unpleasant times? ❚❚ 2 Sam. 22:2–7, 18–20 ❚ ❚ Point out hymn phrases in stanzas 1, 2 and 3 that are ❚❚ Heb. 12:1–2 similar to the Bible verses you studied above. Stanza 4 includes the phrase “Lord, be my stay, / And lead Ultimately, by faith, we commit our lives to the mercy of the way / Now and when life is ending.” our living God. Ps. 31:5 teaches us to constantly pray for strength to do such committing. ❚❚ How does God lead you now? ❚❚ Read Luke 23:46. Who in this verse committed His life to ❚❚ By what means does God assure you that He has not His Father? forsaken you no matter what problems you face? ❚ ❚ How does the hymn’s author include the thought of Psalm Note that stanza 5 includes a doxology of praise to the 31:5 in stanza 4? Triune God. This stanza of praise is similar to Job’s statement in Job 1:21. Both the stanza and Job’s statement re- The hymn provides comfort in the certainty of God’s abid- mind us that because of God’s faithfulness, we praise Him ing presence. What comfort do the following verses give you even in spite of our problems. as you face chaotic times in life?

Making the Connection Whatever hardships we face on earth, we have the gracious ❚❚ Should you wait until you’re humbled by some problem assurance that God’s rich grace is with us “Till we depart or change to commit your life to God’s keeping? Review victorious” (st. 5). Luther’s Morning and Evening Prayers (LSB, p. 327). ❚❚ How does this “victorious” perspective help you view your How do they remind you to daily commit your life momentary problems with faith and patient trust? to God?

In Closing Relocating to a new city, graduating high school and enter- Prayer ing college, a poor medical report and a medical diagnosis O Lord, almighty and everlasting God, You have command- you’d rather not receive all present moments of vulnerability ed us to pray and have promised to hear us. Mercifully and weakness. And those moments are also opportunities grant that Your Holy Spirit may direct and govern our that the devil uses to his advantage to get us to doubt God. hearts in all things that we may persevere with steadfast Today’s hymn and corresponding Bible verses remind us faith in the confession of Your name; through Jesus Christ, that God is not absent in our sufferings. He continues to Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the listen to our prayers and — according to His plan — lead Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for our way. It’s in that assurance that we live. Proper 24C). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 734.

Proper 24C | Three-Year Lectionary 74 In God, My Faithful God

Lutheran Service Book 745 | study by Scott R. Schilbe

Introduction Driving on an unfamiliar road at night can be a stress- ❚❚ How can life be viewed as a dark, unfamiliar road? ful experience. You’re not too sure when your next turn ❚❚ What are some situations you face in life for which you takes place. Darkness permeates the landscape. Few cars desire guidance? — especially if you travel on a desolate and dark country road — provide clues of where to turn. How you wish you Today’s featured hymn compares life to a dark road of had guidance as you travel! At last, somehow you make it to uncertainty. Yet as you travel this world, your faithful God your final destination. guides you and embraces you with His abiding presence.

Exploring the Scriptures St. Paul lived a dangerous life. Many times, opposition to Life’s dark road doesn’t necessarily have to be one of danger the Gospel and even natural disasters threatened Paul’s life. and suffering. Life’s dark road is also the “unknown.” God Many occasions must have caused Paul to think that great doesn’t necessarily reveal every detail to us about our life. woes would overtake him. Read about these threats in 2 ❚❚ Have you seen God working in your life? How? Cor. 4:8–11; 2 Cor. 6:4–5; 2 Cor. 11:24–29; and 2 Cor. 12:10. ❚❚ Look back over the past five or ten years. How has reality ❚ ❚ Based on the Bible verses above, with what attitude did differed from your initial plans and expectations? Paul encounter these threats? Read also Phil. 1:21. ❚❚ Think about Abram. He certainly traveled the unknown ❚ ❚ How can Paul’s attitude encourage you when you face road of life (Gen. 12:1–4). God changed the plans Abram life’s dark road? had by telling him to go to Canaan. Whatever plans ❚❚ According to 2 Tim. 4:6–8 and 16–18, what goal are we to Abram had, God changed! How did Abram cope with keep in mind as we face danger in life? such changes? Read Heb. 11:8– 9. ❚❚ God’s plan reminds us not to follow the example of the How comforting it is to know that while we face dangers Pharisee in Luke 18:9–14. Instead of trusting ourselves, God does not abandoned us. God is our faithful God and who does this parable teach us to trust? He will not forsake us! ❚❚ How can Heb. 12:3–11 help us cope with life’s challenges? What comfort can verse 11 instill in us?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Are there moments in life when you question the driver’s Very little is known about the hymn’s author, probably wisdom? Do you find yourself being a “backseat driver”? Sigismund Weingärtner. The text first appeared in a collec- If so, how can the hymn calm your anxiety? tion of hymns in 1607, as one of two texts in that collection attached to the Weingärtner name. Text Though details about the author aren’t known, the Life can certainly lead us on a dark road of twists and thoughts conveyed in the hymn could very well have been turns. In stanza 1, the hymn writer discusses real woes that written by any Christian. The author really isn’t too import- he experienced in life. When facing woes of your life, how ant. What is important is the expression of trust and hope do the following psalm verses help you to sing “My troubles that the hymn gives those who face life’s dark road of twists He can alter; / His hand lets nothing falter”? and turns. ❚❚ Ps.7:1 ❚❚ Ps. 27:1 ❚ ❚ Returning to the comparison of life to a dark road, who ❚❚ Ps. 25:4–5 ❚❚ Ps. 139:3 does the hymn identify as actually driving (guiding) your life? ❚❚ Ps.25:9–10

Proper 25C and the Eighth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 75 Stanza 2 is a stanza of confession and absolution. In the ❚❚ When we pray this petition, what are we praying stanza, we acknowledge our sins, including our lack of trust towards? in God’s plan for us. Yet such acknowledgment need not ❚❚ How does stanza 3 remind us of the petition asking God lead to despair! to deliver us from evil? ❚ ❚ According to stanza 2, to whom do we flee once we’re ❚❚ How is Phil. 1:21 reflected in the sentiments of stanza 3? convicted of our sins? Read also 1 John 1:8–9 and Ps. 25:6–7. The Christian’s certain hope is that God makes us heirs of His eternal inheritance only for the sake of Christ’s righ- In the Lord’s Prayer, we pray, “Deliver us from evil.” Read teousness, which covers all our sins. Luther’s explanation of this petition in the Small Catechism (LSB, pp. 324–25). ❚❚ After reading stanza 4, how can you be sure that you are an heir of heavenly gladness? Read Titus 3:4–7.

Making the Connection This hymn is a hymn of faith. Faith speaks of ultimate trust ❚❚ How do Rom. 11:33–36 and Rom. 8:37–39 reassure you in our faithful God. Faith attached to Jesus’ righteousness that God is your life’s driver, and that He is in control allows us to simply say, “So be it,” whenever we’re faced of your life? with suffering and death. We can resolutely say, “So be it,” ❚❚ How does God give you the power to confess, “Thy will because by faith we know God’s grace will guide us through be done”? life and through death — until we praise Him yonder.

In Closing Driving on a dark country road may be lonely and tense. Prayer But when it comes to driving life’s dark road, God’s pres- Almighty and most merciful God, in this earthly life we en- ence guides you despite your not knowing all of the twists dure sufferings and death before we enter into eternal glory. and turns that life takes. When you’re caught up in mo- Grant us grace at all times to subject ourselves to Your holy ments of darkness prompted by uncertainty, disease or will and to continue steadfast in the true faith to the end of impending death, remember that God is in control and that our lives that we may know the peace and joy of the blessed “for those who love God all things work together for good” hope of the resurrection of the dead and of the glory of the (Rom. 8:28). world to come; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen (In ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 745. times of affliction and distress, LSB, p. 317).

Proper 25C and the Eighth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 76 Praise the Almighty

Lutheran Service Book 797 | study by Bernard J. Schey

Introduction In recent years many churches have popularized anthems ❚❚ Do our souls always praise the Lord God? Do we praise for worship known as “praise songs.” Actually, one would Him for all things? How do we know that our praises are be hard pressed to find a hymn worth the name that isn’t a acceptable to Him? See Rom. 8:26–30; Heb.10:19–25. “praise song.” A good hymn to Christ is not only filled with ❚❚ What is the relationship of text/words to melody in a happy thoughts; the reality of sin and death are featured hymn? Could some hymns be better matched when their in them as well, along with the grand victory of the cross words and tune are compared? of Jesus.

Exploring the Scriptures The last five psalms in the Book of Psalms each begin will bring about a golden age of purity, wealth, peace and with the Hebrew word “Hallelujah!” (meaning “Praise the well-being. However, verses 3 and 4 of Psalm 146 put that Lord!”). Hence, they are called the “Final Hallel” psalms. idea out of reach. But grand assurances are given to those This hymn, “Praise the Almighty,” is a loose paraphrase of who cannot well defend or even speak for themselves. See Psalm 146, the first of that group of five psalms. verses 7–9. If we take political campaigns too seriously, we might ❚❚ Which sorts of people are included in that group in our begin to believe that electing just the right candidates own day and time?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Will the song of faith always sound beautiful to the ear, Johann Daniel Herrnschmidt (1675–1723) came from a that is to say, hit the right notes and always be on key? small town in southwestern Germany and spent time there as a parish pastor. He concluded his career as a professor at In stanza 2, we are reminded again of the limited nature the University of Halle, in Halle, Germany, the center of the of earthly help. Certainly, God has established govern- Pietist Movement among German Lutherans. This school ments and other authorities for our benefit and protection of thought began over concern that people weren’t being (Romans 13), but they all must yield to Christ when it taught or encouraged to lead a devout, Christlike life. While comes time to answer concerns over eternal life. this inconsistency is a concern of every child of God in any ❚❚ How does Jesus teach that the powers of this world have age (Romans 7), the Pietists sought to address it wrongly clear limits? See John 18:35–38; 19:10–11. when they tried to motivate by means of the Law rather than the Gospel. Yet the Pietists had their strengths, and Stanza 3 encourages us to trust above all things in God, this hymn is an example of a zealous song of praise from the who alone can keep us in faith in Him until our lives end, sincere heart of a teacher and pastor. and who will not let any of His children slip away. See John ❚❚ When any one of us is prompted to write down a prayer 10:27–30. or song of praise, even a few words long, is that a valid ❚❚ Jesus fulfilled Psalm 1 perfectly. How do we now follow in confession of faith? Why must the Scriptures be our guide His steps in the words of this, the first of the 150 psalms? in such confessions or prayers? The poor in spirit (Matt. 5:3) are those who know their sin Text all too well and cry for mercy from God Himself. They cry Our prayer as Christians for steadfastness in faith to the for mercy and God Himself answers them with the as- point of death is expressed clearly in the first stanza of this surance of the cross and resurrection of Jesus (Gal. 6:14). hymn. See Ps. 104:33–34. Stanza 4 addresses this desperate need.

St. James of Jerusalem, October 23 and Proper 18B | Three-Year Lectionary 77 ❚❚ How is it that widows and the fatherless need this the psalmist ends Psalm 146 with a final “Hallelujah!” so assurance in a way unknown to those who have not been does the hymn writer exhort the singers to join “with angels widowed or orphaned? and archangels and with all the company of heaven” (TLH, p. 25) in praising and glorifying the one true God. Herrnschmidt concludes the hymn with a fifth stanza done ❚❚ In Rev. 5:11–14, the final word is “Amen!” How can we in a doxological (“glory words”) mode. The final address of express our agreement and unity with this word that praise is to the three persons of the blessed Trinity. Just as means “Let it be so!”?

Making the Connection This grand hymn of praise calls us to laud and magnify the when, though shattered with grief, you’ve been called to Lord’s name not just when we are in a happy and jubilant sing to Christ — even through tears? mood, but also when we are indifferent to thoughts of ❚❚ “Penitent sinners, for mercy crying, / Pardon and peace praise, or even when we are crushed by the effects of sin in from Him obtain” (st. 4). How does this hymn teach this world. us that our greatest need is for reconciliation and ❚❚ “Yes, I will laud Him until death” (st. 1) truly seems to forgiveness in Christ Jesus, our Lord? include every chapter of life! Can you think of times

In Closing Never forget that every hymn worth the name is a hymn of Prayer praise. Whether or not the tune is “happy” or “sad,” if the O Lord, let Your merciful ears be open to the prayers of tempo is “upbeat” or not, the name of God is to be praised Your humble servants and grant that what they ask may be for the fact that He has rescued us from our sins. The in accord with Your gracious will; through Jesus Christ, God of Jacob (Ps. 146:5) has promised to hear us and to Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the rescue us. Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 797. Proper 18B).

St. James of Jerusalem, October 23 and Proper 18B | Three-Year Lectionary 78 O Christ, Who Called the Twelve

Lutheran Service Book 856 | study by Paul F. Becker

Introduction Cyril of Alexandria (c. 375–444) said this about the twelve excel. To ascertain this is no great labor, a single read- apostles: ing of the Acts of the Apostles or of St. Paul’s writings “These holy men became the pillar and mainstay of the is enough,” (crossroadsinitiative.com/media/articles/ truth, and Jesus said that he was sending them just as the mission-of-the-12-apostles-st-cyril-of-alexandria/). Father had sent him. … [I]n affirming that they are sent by him just as he was sent by the Father, Christ sums up Our hymn rehearses for us why Christ selected these twelve in a few words the approach they themselves should take men to be His apostles, while challenging us to realize that to their ministry. From what he said they would gather a similar call has come to every believer. that it was their vocation to call sinners to repentance, ❚❚ Discuss the various vocations of the Twelve before their to heal those who were sick whether in body or spirit, call. Was there anything in their life before Christ that to seek in all their dealings never to do their own will prepared or qualified them for their new work? but the will of him who sent them, and as far as possi- ❚❚ If we also are being sent into the world as the Father sent ble to save the world by their teaching. Surely it is in all Jesus, what sort of activities would characterize the life of these respects that we find his holy disciples striving to the Church?

Exploring the Scriptures At different times, the Lord Jesus sent His disciples out two Read Matt. 10:16–31. by two: the twelve apostles (Matt. 10:1–15; Mark 6:7–13; ❚❚ Why does persecution come to Jesus’ disciples and what Luke 9:1–6) and the seventy-two (Luke 10:1–12). His in- promises does He give to those who suffer for His name? structions fall into three broad categories: proclamation and signs of the kingdom, being prepared for persecutions ❚❚ What opportunities for the Gospel arise from times of and the exclusivity of answering Christ’s call. persecution? Read Matt. 10:5–15. Read Matt. 10:32–42. ❚❚ How did the apostles mirror Jesus’ compassion for the multitudes who “were harassed and helpless, like sheep ❚❚ What must Christians be willing to lose? What will they without a shepherd” (Matt. 9:36)? gain in return? ❚❚ How were the apostles’ needs provided for and what were ❚❚ Discuss how believers might either confess or deny their they to expect in return for their ministry? relationship with Christ in their daily vocation. ❚❚ What indicates the necessity for a radical dependence on the person and power of Jesus?

Exploring the Hymn Background has God filled the later years of someone you know with Herman G. Stuempfle (1923–2007) grew up in a Lutheran unexpected blessings? parsonage and served as a parish pastor, author, seminary president and teacher of preaching. But his lifelong love Stuempfle is among the most honored and respected hymn of hymns blossomed creatively only in his later years. He writers of the twentieth century. His collections are entitled thought of writing hymn texts as another way to proclaim The Word Goes Forth: Hymns, Songs, and Carols (1993), the Good News and said that his texts were “triggered by Redeeming the Time: A Cycle of Song for the Christian Year such-and-such a passage of Scripture.” (1997), Awake Our Hearts to Praise: Hymns, Songs, and ❚❚ After a lifetime of parish ministry, teaching and Carols (2000) and Wondrous Love Has Called Us (2006). administration, becoming one of the great hymn writers He has written an estimated 550 texts, more than half of of his time must have come as a bit of a surprise. How them already published, including 15 in LSB.

St. Simon and St. Jude, Apostles, October 28 | Three-Year Lectionary 79 ❚❚ As you ponder the titles of his hymn collections, what Modern-day believers soon discover they are not exempt theological themes can you deduce were of significance to from the call “To risk security” (st. 1). The tragic wounds of Stuempfle? the twentieth and twenty-first centuries “Lead us along the ways / Where hope has nearly died.” These wounds can only Text be healed by going to the cross on that lonely hill “Where love Stanzas 1–4 divide equally into a reminder of how Christ is crucified” (st. 3). And yet, as another apostle wrote, “now worked with His Twelve, and a request that He would work faith, hope, and love abide, these three; but the greatest of in much the same way with us: these is love” (1 Cor. 13:13). These three have power to tran- 1. Christ, who called — grant us to hear scend timidity and sustain “Both life and ministry” (st. 4). Read Rev. 7:13–17. 2. Christ, who taught — instruct us now ❚❚ The apostles speak of times of trials, testing by fire 3. Christ, who led — lead us along the ways and great tribulation as something all believers share. 4. Christ, who sent — send us Describe the promise that sustains us through these difficulties. For the Twelve, following Christ brings “ventures bold and new” (st. 1) in which they see “The ways of God revealed” Read Eph. 2:19–22; Rev. 21:14. (st. 2); ways that include miraculous feeding of multitudes ❚❚ How does the apostolic foundation help explain the but also proclaim God’s reign as they serve, suffer and teach mystery not only of the Church’s survival despite “On roads they’d never trod” (st. 4). persecution, but her spread to all tribes and nations, Read Acts 5:17–20; 12:1–11. peoples and tongues? ❚❚ Imprisoned by both religious and secular rulers, the apostles experienced supernatural protection. How did this strategy of the evil one “backfire”?

Making the Connection The hymn makes a strong connection in the final stanza ❚❚ Name two or three things you share in common with between the Twelve and the saints and martyrs of every saints of every generation that remind you that you generation who share “one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one belong to the crucified and risen King. God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in ❚❚ Even though it is traditionally held that only one of the all” (Eph. 4:5–6). Twelve, St. John, died of natural causes in old age, what unique difference in their lives and their deaths continues to inspire us today?

In Closing “How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the good Prayer news, who publish peace and bring good news of salvation” Almighty God, You chose Your servants Simon and Jude to (Gradual for St. Simon and St. Jude, Apostles). By God’s be numbered among the glorious company of the apostles. grace, we also confess the faith of the Twelve: “I believe in As they were faithful and zealous in their mission, so may the Holy Spirit, the holy Christian Church, the communion we with ardent devotion make known the love and mercy of of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, who lives and reigns with body, and the life everlasting. Amen” (LSB, p. 323). You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen ❚❚ Read aloud or sing together LSB 856. (Collect for St. Simon and St. Jude, Apostles).

St. Simon and St. Jude, Apostles, October 28 | Three-Year Lectionary 80 How Firm a Foundation

Lutheran Service Book 728 | study by Frank J. Pies

Introduction Architects who design buildings, contractors who construct ❚❚ If you have experienced any of these consequences, what them and those informed occupants who live and work in was it like? them are all in agreement when the subject of a building’s foundation arises. No matter how glorious the superstruc- This same reality is true in the spiritual realm, as our ture may be, if the foundation is inadequate, the building’s Lord Himself indicates in His story of the wise and foolish integrity is seriously compromised if not doomed. The need builders (Matt. 7:24–27). To build life on the Word of God, to anchor, support and sustain the superstructure is indis- on hearing and believing it and living according to it, is to putable, and that’s what a good, solid foundation does. build on a firm foundation that will not collapse here in ❚❚ What are some things that could happen to a building time or hereafter in eternity. It is of this blessedness that with a poor foundation? today’s hymn sings.

Exploring the Scriptures The lessons and the psalm for today are the firm foundation ❚❚ Read the Epistle, 2 Thess. 1:1–12. On what amazing laid down by the Lord for the faith of His people. Prominent facet of the Gospel declared in verse 11 is the Christian in this foundation is the chief cornerstone, Christ Jesus, the grounded? See Eph. 1:3–6. Savior through whom we have forgiveness and justification ❚❚ How is the good news of salvation in Christ dramatically and everlasting life. personalized in today’s Gospel, Luke 19:1–10? What ❚❚ In what striking terms is the Gospel announced in verse constituted the spiritual foundation of Zacchaeus’ home 18 of the Old Testament Reading, Is. 1:10– 18, and in (vv. 5, 6 and 9)? What do verses 7 and 10 teach us about Ps. 130:3–4? How are we to build on this foundation the glorious grace of Christ in providing unworthy according to Ps. 130:5–8? sinners with life’s sure foundation?

Exploring the Hymn Background remaining stanzas are written in quotation marks, stated in Unlike the majority of sacred hymns, the identity of the the first person singular, as if the Lord Himself were speak- author of our hymn is uncertain. Since it was first published ing to His own people. in London in 1787 with the simple signature “K,” a number ❚❚ Who are God’s saints, referred to in stanza 1? Read Rom. of names have been suggested: Kirkham, Keen or George 1:7; 1 Cor. 1:2; Eph. 1:1; and Phil. 1:1. How are these saints Kirth. To this day the matter remains a mystery. described in 1 Peter 2:4–5? What does it mean to you to ❚❚ Despite the questions surrounding the authorship of the be one of God’s saints, “built up as a spiritual house?” hymn, it has a strong history of use in the Church and ❚❚ What is that “excellent Word” laid as a firm foundation continues to comfort and strengthen those who sing it. for this “spiritual house”: Jesus Christ (John 1:1, 14; 1 Cor. What light does 1 Cor. 3:5–9 shed on this fact? 3:11) or Sacred Scripture (John 10:34–36; 2 Peter 1:19–21) or the Church’s preaching and teaching (1 Thess. 2:13)? When initially published for public worship in the Rev. Dr. Why is this foundation firm? See Is. 28:16. John Rippon’s A Selection of Hymns from the Best Authors, “How Firm a Foundation” was subtitled “Exceeding Great ❚❚ What is the answer to the question posed in the last half and Precious Promises.” The rich content of the hymn vali- of stanza 1? See Luke 16:27–31. dates this description. In His divine Word, God has mercifully given us every- Text thing needed for life’s foundation. Stanzas 2–5 of the hymn The structure of the hymn is compelling. The first stan- proclaim that Word, sometimes quoting Scripture verba- za is addressed to the saints of the Lord and contains a tim, with the goal of establishing the saints on the sure declarative statement of fact and a rhetorical question. The foundation.

Proper 26C | Three-Year Lectionary 81 ❚❚ Stanza 2 exhorts us not to be afraid or dismayed. What ❚❚ The Gospel declared in stanza 4 reflects Is. 43:1–7 and is the divine promise that engenders this confidence? See 2 Cor. 12:7–9. How does this Word support and stabilize Is. 41:10. our faith when it is tested and we are given the cross to ❚❚ What related promise is emphasized in stanza 3 (note bear? See 1 Peter 1:6–7. the triple “never” in the last line) that deepens faith’s ❚❚ What endearing image is employed in the final stanza? foundation? See Rom. 8:31, 38–39. See Is. 40:11. In what ways do we “prove” or experience God’s saving love throughout our lifetime, whether we are young or old?

Making the Connection Christians benefit greatly from this hymn. It reminds us to temptation and build the home of life upon a sandy foun- that there is a firm foundation for our lives. It is the one laid dation like a foolish man (Matt. 7:26–27). by the Lord. It is His Word. We are also wonderfully served ❚❚ Have you ever been afraid and dismayed, shaken by your by the hymn as it proclaims that Word in its truth and foes and uncertain about life? purity. Thereby our stand on the foundation is strengthened and our faith in the Lord is increased. What a delight it is to ❚❚ What were the circumstances surrounding and fueling sing this hymn! these thoughts? That we need to embrace and hold fast the “precious and very great promises” (2 Peter 1:4) intoned in our hymn is Thanks be to God for His merciful patience with us for the undeniable. Though we are the Lord’s saints through faith sake of Jesus. Confessing our iniquities and clinging to the in Christ and Baptism into His death and resurrection, Savior by faith, we receive His forgiveness won by His aton- we are still sinners who fail to “fear, love, and trust in God ing sacrifice, and are strengthened by His Spirit to be like above all things” (LSB, p. 321) as we should. We often yield the wise man, building life on the sure foundation of God’s Word (Matt. 7:24–25).

In Closing One of our beloved fathers in the holy faith, Martin Luther, ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 728. has written: “God’s Word alone is the true, abiding rock on which a person can depend with certainty”5 Prayer ❚❚ How is this single sentence a succinct summary of the Almighty God, by the working of Your Holy Spirit, grant hymn? How would you sum up the hymn? that we may gladly hear Your Word proclaimed among us and follow its directing; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, ❚❚ In the week to come, thank and praise the Lord each day our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, for the gift of His Word, and build anew upon it as the one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 8A). sure foundation of your life.

5 Ewald M. Plass, What Luther Says, (St. Louis” Concordia Publishing House,1959), 1467).

Proper 26C | Three-Year Lectionary 82 A Mighty Fortress Is Our God

Lutheran Service Book 656/657 | study by Marion Lars Hendrickson

Introduction Martin Luther (1483–1546) wrote a poem to serve as the Luther’s own hymn, “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God,” has preface to Joseph Klug’s Geistliche Lieder, revised and pub- captured these very sentiments over the five centuries since lished in Wittenberg in 1543. In his poem, Luther wrote, he wrote the text and composed the tune. in part, “Of all the joys that are on earth / Is none more ❚❚ What are some of the feelings you have when you sing this dear nor higher worth, / Than what in my sweet songs is hymn? How do the text and music together contribute to found / And instruments of various sound. / Where friends these feelings? and comrades sing in tune, / All evil passions vanish soon. … The heart grows still when I am heard, / And opens to ❚❚ Describe the image that comes to mind when you think of God’s Truth and Word.” the word “fortress” in this hymn.

Exploring the Scriptures Luther’s famous hymn is inspired by the words of Psalm 46 prophets have in mind? See also Rev. 22:1–8. In what and the comfort Luther himself found in this psalm. Read ways are these images of the Holy Spirit? What does Ps. 46:1–3. God’s Spirit have to do with the confidence within this ❚❚ In the opening verse, the writer states his confidence. psalm? Based on Ps. 46:4–7, what sort of fortress is God? What do you think is the basis for his confidence? If your answer is “experience,” what sorts of experiences might Read Ps. 46:8–11. they have been? If your answer is “faith,” what is the ❚❚ In the third part of the psalm, the writer invites the source of such faith? reader to meditate, “Come, behold the works of the ❚❚ Verses 2–3 use parallel thoughts to emphasize a major LORD.” In this psalm, the writer points to the end of point. If the writer has events in Israel’s history in mind, war and conflict as an act of God. What are some other what might some of them be? Although written long possible “acts of God” on which a person could meditate before the New Testament era, what are some events in beneficially? the Gospels or in Acts in which these words of Psalm 46 ❚❚ Verse 10 suggests the outcome of such meditation. Do could come to mind? you agree? Are the words of verse 10 words of fear or of praise? Or both? Why? To whom is God saying, “Be Read Ps. 46:4–7. still” — the noisy world or the person of faith in the ❚❚ Jerusalem, Israel’s capital and the site of the temple, noisy world? Why? Read Mark 4:35–41. Notice any had springs of water supplying the city but no river similarities? flowing through it. What could the writer have in mind ❚❚ The final verse repeats the theme. After all has been said, with verse 4? The prophets wrote of such a stream in what sort of fortress is God? Jerusalem. Read Joel 3:18 and Zech. 14:8. What do the

Exploring the Hymn Background Wittenberg. During this time and after, he was buffeted by While Luther’s hymn has been employed in triumphal ways theological and political storms. His own life was in danger — the Swedish Lutheran king Gustavus Adolphus made his from the empire, from Rome and from outbreaks of the army sing this hymn before the Battle of Leipzig in 1631; plague. The darkness of depression often closed in on him. the 19th-century German literary figure Heinrich Heine ❚❚ What are some major cataclysms of the present day that (1797–1856) called it the Marseillaise of the Reformation — could send a person to seek the comfort expressed in Luther himself called it a hymn of comfort. In the period Luther’s hymn? 1527–31, when the hymn began to appear in a number of hymnals, Luther was surrounded by troubles. In 1527, ❚❚ What sort of personal troubles — physical, emotional, 10 years had passed since Luther posted his 95 Theses in spiritual — could also find comfort in this hymn?

Reformation Day and the First Sunday in Lent | Three-Year Lectionary 83 Whenever Luther’s world would “roar and foam” like the Read Eph. 6:10–17. In this epistle, St. Paul uses the imagery waters in Ps. 46:3, he would invite his friends to join him of a Roman soldier. in singing this hymn. In 1530 at Coburg, while awaiting ❚❚ How is such imagery helpful and comforting? the outcome of the Diet of Augsburg, Luther sang his hymn often, perhaps daily. ❚❚ How can military imagery be misused within the Church? ❚❚ What is the comfort in the phrase “He’s by our side” (LSB 656:4)? For Martin Luther, the devil was no fictitious figure, but ❚❚ Luther mentions “weapons of the Spirit” (LSB 657:4). very real and troublesome. Read stanza 3 of the hymn. What might these be? ❚❚ How is the devil portrayed? ❚ ❚ What phrases in the hymn are helpful when a person’s ❚❚ Luther writes in LSB 656:3, “This world’s prince may troubles are of long duration or an end to them is not still / Scowl fierce as he will.” What do you think Luther in sight? means by “still”? Jesus’ crucifixion is judgment upon ❚❚ What difference does it make, do you think, singing the Satan. What does this mean for us who live in the world? hymn rather than simply reading the text? Read Rom. 8:31–39. St. Paul’s answer to his list of questions Text is verse 37: “No, in all these things we are more than con- While Luther found inspiration for his hymn in the words querors through him who loved us.” of Psalm 46, he did not confine himself to that text alone. ❚❚ As the Small Catechism asks, what does this mean? Read Rev. 19:11–16, where St. John sees a vision of a con- quering rider on a white horse, who “in righteousness … ❚❚ Is this an answer based upon experience or on faith? judges and makes war” (v. 11). ❚❚ Must a Christian have experiences similar to those ❚❚ According to stanza 2 of the hymn, who is this rider? listed by the apostle in this passage to express the same confidence? Why? Why not? ❚❚ What other clues to the rider’s identity do you find in Rev. 19:11–16? ❚❚ If “the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord” (v. 39) does not eliminate all of our troubles, what does it do? What ❚ ❚ Although the imagery of warfare is violent in this text, sort of fortress does this make of God? how does the rider’s identity interpret that violence? Hint: Think about the crucifixion of Jesus.

Making the Connection In the preface to the Wittenberg edition of his writings, ❚❚ Luther sang this hymn often. What is gained by the Luther wrote, “I want to point out to you a correct way of repetition? Does singing the text make a difference for studying theology, for I have had practice in that. … This meditation? is the way taught by holy King David … in the one hundred ❚❚ Do you think Martin Luther would have expressed the nineteenth Psalm. There you will find three rules, amply confidence of the Gospel as boldly and forcefully as he did presented throughout the whole Psalm. They are Oratio if he had not endured the troubles he faced? How have [prayer], Meditatio [meditation], Tentatio [affliction, trial]” your own troubles thrown you back onto the promises of (AE 34:285). God in Christ? ❚❚ In what ways is Luther’s hymn a prayer? What is it asking? What hope does it express?

In Closing As Luther said in his hymnal preface for Klug’s Geistliche Prayer Lieder, where people of faith sing hymns, there is joy, “all Almighty and gracious Lord, pour out Your Holy Spirit on evil passions vanish soon” and hearts are stilled and open to Your faithful people. Keep us steadfast in Your grace and God’s Word. truth, protect and deliver us in times of temptation, defend ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 656 or 657. us against all enemies, and grant to Your Church Your saving peace; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Reformation Day).

Reformation Day and the First Sunday in Lent | Three-Year Lectionary 84 Salvation unto Us Has Come

Lutheran Service Book 555 | study by Christopher I. Thoma

Introduction If you take a test and fail it because you didn’t study, do Read Article IV of the Augsburg Confession: you deserve an A? If you studied all week and memorized Our churches teach that people cannot be justified before all of the necessary information and answered all of the God by their own strength, merits, or works. People are questions correctly on the test, do you deserve an A? These freely justified for Christ’s sake, through faith, when they are not difficult questions to answer because it is natural believe that they are received into favor and that their for man to play by the rule which says quite simply, “You get sins are forgiven for Christ’s sake. By His death, Christ what you deserve.” made satisfaction for our sins. God counts this faith for Today’s hymn, like the Gospel theme it supports, gets this righteousness in His sight (Romans 3 and 4 [3:21-26; rule a little mixed up. In fact, it turns it around completely. 4:5]). (AC IV, 33). ❚ ❚ What do you believe to be the focus of the hymn? ❚❚ What light does this quotation shed on your ❚❚ In your opinion, what is a “good work”? understanding of good works in the Christian life?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Matt. 20:1–16. In this Gospel Reading, Jesus makes ❚❚ Remember that Jesus tells us that this parable represents it clear that God’s fairness is different from the fairness of the kingdom of heaven. With this in mind, what do we man. He tells us that the reward of heaven is not based on learn about the generosity of God? what we do; rather, God gives to us something other than ❚❚ Read Is. 64:6. If we were to demand from God what we what we deserve. deserve because of our acts, what would we receive? ❚ ❚ After working all day, how would it make you feel if you ❚❚ Read Eph. 2:8–9. Salvation is referred to as what in received the same amount of pay as someone who worked this text? for only an hour?

Exploring the Hymn Background joy, it appears that Speratus cannot stop writing stanzas, Paul Speratus (1484–1551), a colleague of Luther and a and so we are given a hymn with ten stanzas of great sub- significant contributor to the efforts of the Reformation, stance. Let’s consider a few of these stanzas. fashioned this hymn from the gut- wrenching threads of Stanza 1 does a wonderful job of telling the reader the experience. Speratus was an ordained preacher who was purpose of the joyful hymn to follow. Stanzas 2–4 drop us expelled from several cities for his evangelical preaching. into the dirty reality of the Law’s requirement, our sinful He was excommunicated for preaching salvation by grace condition, and our helpless standing against it. through faith in Jesus Christ and was eventually arrested, ❚❚ According to stanza 1, for whom did Christ die? imprisoned and condemned to death. He did manage to escape his captors, and in this freedom was used by the Lord ❚❚ Who else might have been considered as an advocate to great ends. and/or redeemer (which is contrary to the Christian faith) by the people and Church of Speratus’ time? Which ❚ ❚ During Speratus’ time, what were the widely held views statements in stanza 1 make Christ’s role in the Church regarding good works? What role did monasticism play abundantly clear? in this? ❚❚ What is the stance of stanza 2 toward those who would ❚ ❚ How might the title of this hymn reflect the situation of seek to purify themselves by monastic living? Describe the Reformation and the feelings of those hearing the in your own words the burden of the Law to sinners pure Gospel through men like Luther and Paul Speratus? (particularly those who believe they must do good works to get to heaven). Is there certainty of salvation in this? Text The language and tune of this hymn are borne along with ❚❚ Read Rom. 3:10–20. How does this text shed light on what is seemingly a sigh of blissful relief. There is so much stanzas 2–4?

Reformation Day, Proper 20A and Septuagesima | Three-Year Lectionary 85 Stanza 5 is a significant turning point in the text of the justify. How does “saved by grace through faith in Christ” hymn, setting the stage for the Christian to sing the re- theology change their substance? (For example, Baptism maining stanzas with confidence and certainty. as taught in the Roman Catholic Church removes only ❚❚ Who is the focus of stanzas 2–4? Who is absent in stanzas original sin. Actual sin remains.) 2–4 and introduced as the focal point in stanza 5? ❚❚ Look for and discuss other words. ❚❚ With this introduction, how is the direction of the hymn changed? The spirit of its tune? Christian certainty? The hymn ends with a Trinitarian conclusion. ❚❚ Consider the First through Third Articles of the Apostles’ The remaining stanzas (6–10) reintroduce the Church to Creed and their meanings in the Small Catechism (LSB, familiar terms. 322–23). In his explanations, how does Luther make clear ❚❚ Read again the text of Eph. 2:8–10. What ancient and yet God’s redemptive plan in Christ? radically new theology is presented here? ❚❚ Read John 14:8–11, 23–28, and 15:26. How do these texts ❚❚ Consider the following terms in the remaining stanzas: reflect upon not only stanza 10 but the entire hymn? Atonement, baptized, ransom, the cross, trust, peace,

Making the Connection Reflect on the parable in Matt. 20:1–16. Perhaps we often ❚❚ Why is it this way for us? grumble to the Lord as the workers grumbled to the ❚❚ Read Luke 15:3–7. What do these words reveal to us landowner. about others? About ourselves?

In Closing “Salvation unto Us Has Come” seeks to reveal a right under- of justification for the believing heart, a heart now strength- standing of God’s Law, and it refreshes and strengthens the ened to cling to the Lord and not to self. sin- and guilt-wearied heart with the Gospel. Ultimately, it ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 555. reveals that this Gospel message truly is “foolishness” and a “stumbling block” as it flies in the face of the human under- Prayer standing that “you get what you deserve.” Lord God, heavenly Father, since we cannot stand before By Christ’s life, death and resurrection we are spared You relying on anything we have done, help us trust in Your from what we deserve. In fact, the Innocent pays for the abiding grace and live according to Your Word; through guilty, and the guilty are declared free. By the power of Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with the Holy Spirit through the Gospel, faith and the merits of You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen Christ’s innocence are given to us. What a joyful declaration (Collect for Proper 20A).

Reformation Day, Proper 20A and Septuagesima | Three-Year Lectionary 86 For All the Saints

Lutheran Service Book 677 | study by Shawn L. Kumm

Introduction “Saints alive!” someone exclaimed in surprise. Yes, indeed, Turn to page xi in the front of Lutheran Service Book. Here saints alive. Saints alive here on earth; saints alive also in is a list of the saints associated with the life of Christ and heaven. Certainly, the people of God believe that saints the time of the apostles. are alive! ❚❚ What do we learn about the lives of these saints from the All Saints’ Day, which falls on the first day of November, letters “R” and “W” beside their names? stirs up all kinds of thoughts, memories and ideas about saints. Now turn to pages xii–xiii. Here is a list of saints who span ❚❚ What are some common thoughts people have when they the beginning of time up to recent history. hear the word “saint?” ❚❚ Scan through the lists on these two pages. Which names surprise you? Which names are unfamiliar?

Exploring the Scriptures Hebrews 12:1–3 is the chief Scripture upon which this hymn ❚❚ Choose two names from Hebrews 11 and discuss how is based, but before you read these verses, scan the New each person was at the same time a sinner and a child Testament list of saints in Hebrews 11. of God. ❚❚ Which words are repeated throughout this chapter? Now read Heb. 12:1–3. The author of Hebrews sees us con- As is true of the people in the lists above, these saints also tinuing in the same list of chapter 11. lived in a tension. That tension is described by the Latin ❚❚ Who and what is the focus of faith? phrase simul iustus et peccator, simultaneously justified ❚❚ How is it the writer of Hebrews speaks as if your name is (saint) and sinner. included in this list of believers?

Exploring the Hymn Background saints now gathered into heaven, and the Church Militant, William Walsham How (1823–97) was born into a solic- the saints still fighting here on earth. itor’s family and grew up in the historic market town of Shrewsbury, England. He spent his years of ministry in Text rural areas and the impoverished East End of London. In Though at first glance this hymn seems to begin with the such challenging places How became known as the “chil- saints of God, careful observation shows the hymn writer dren’s bishop.” This title of endearment reflected his great rightly begins by addressing the first two stanzas to the love and attention shown to an often-overlooked group of Lord Jesus. God’s kingdom. His published works include sermons, poet- ❚❚ What comfort do you look forward to in enjoying rest ic verse and a still used volume on Holy Communion. How’s from your labors? See Rev. 21:1–4 for a fuller description most well-known work, is the hymn “For All the Saints.” of rest. ❚ ❚ If you were to write a hymn about saints, what important ❚❚ In stanza 2 Jesus is called “captain.” Read 1 Tim. 6:12. points would you need to include? Which particular Bible What is the battle about? See Eph. 2:1–3 for a description passage would you want to use as the hymn’s foundation? of the enemy. Why is it necessary to have Jesus as your captain? Originally this hymn was eleven stanzas long, but the three stanzas which reflected the ancient Te Deum are tradition- Stanzas 3 and 4 turn our focus from the saints who have ally omitted. The remaining eight stanzas of “For All the gone before us to the saints here on earth and it is among Saints” give to the worshiper a well- developed theology of the earthly saints that we are included. both the Church Triumphant, which is comprised of the

All Saints’ Day, November 1 | Three-Year Lectionary 87 ❚❚ What caution do we need to keep when considering “the ❚❚ What are the things of God that embolden and victor’s crown of gold”? Consider what Paul writes in strengthen the saints here on earth? On what basis can 2 Tim. 2:1–5. St. Paul say what he does in 2 Tim. 4:7? ❚❚ Why do we “feebly struggle”? In what ways do you need help? Turn to Is. 35:3–4 and rejoice in God’s promises Stanzas 6–8 draw our eyes to the same rest that began the to you. hymn. The setting of the sun on the lives of those who have died in Jesus is contrasted with the rising of the dead, the Stanza 5 speaks of the earthly fight of faith as “fierce” and resurrection to come, all following the “King of Glory.” “the warfare” as “long.” Finally, in stanza 8, the “countless host” of heaven are seen gathered around the Triune God. ❚❚ What makes you weary as you follow your captain, Jesus? ❚❚ What is it about “the calm of paradise” (st. 6) that appeals to you most?

Making the Connection Read the appointed Gospel for this day, Matt. 5:1–12. Here The important distinction is made that we do not pray Jesus describes your baptismal life centered in His suffer- to the saints nor do we pray for the saints, but we do sing ing, His death, His resurrection and His ascension. with the saints and our prayers are joined with theirs. ❚❚ At which points does this hymn connect with the Especially on All Saints’ Day do we also give thanks for the Beatitudes? In what ways do these both sing and speak saints. For examples see LSB, pages 250–251. of the same realities?

In Closing “Our churches teach that the history of saints may be Prayer set before us so that we may follow the example of their Almighty and everlasting God, You knit together Your faith and good works, according to our calling. … [T]he faithful people of all times and places into one holy commu- Scriptures do not teach that we are to call on the saints or nion, the mystical body of Your Son, Jesus Christ. Grant us to ask the saints for help. Scripture sets before us the one so to follow Your blessed saints in all virtuous and godly liv- Christ as the Mediator, Atoning Sacrifice, High Priest, ing that, together with them, we may come to the unspeak- and Intercessor [1 Timothy 2:5–6]” (AC XXI 1–2, p. 44). able joys You have prepared for those who love You; through ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 677. Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for All Saints’ Day).

All Saints’ Day, November 1 | Three-Year Lectionary 88 From God Can Nothing Move Me

Lutheran Service Book 713 | study by John G. Fleischmann

Introduction Worries. Cares. Fears. Life is full of them! Sometimes they the Lord and His promises especially when our worries and distract us. Sometimes they may even paralyze us. Ever uncertain future take our eyes off the cross. since sin came into the world they have been a part of every ❚❚ Name some of your fears. What keeps you awake human life. at night? Our Lord Jesus made it very clear that we should not worry about anything (Matt. 6:31–34). ❚❚ How do these things distract you from trusting God’s In this wonderful hymn from the pen of Ludwig promises in Christ Jesus? Helmbold (1532–98), a lecturer at the University of Erfurt, ❚❚ Have the things about which you worry ever come in Erfurt, Germany, we are shown what it means to trust to pass?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Psalm 73 the basis for this hymn. hope. Read the Old Testament lesson for Proper 25B, ❚❚ In this psalm, what does the Lord tell us will happen to Jer. 31:7–9. all evil? ❚❚ What restoration does God promise? ❚❚ What promise of hope is given? ❚❚ How have you wandered and disobeyed God? ❚❚ How has the Lord restored you? This hymn is also based on the well-known and often-cited passage from Rom. 8:38–39. Read this section of Scripture. ❚❚ How do we walk in His ways? ❚ ❚ What are the things Paul mentions that cannot separate Read the Gospel for Proper 25B, Mark 10:46–52. The ac- us from the love of God in Christ Jesus? count speaks of Bartimaeus, a “blind beggar.” ❚ ❚ Are any of your worries left off from this list? ❚❚ What may have been some of Bartimaeus’ worries?

God’s chosen, Israel, often wandered from the Lord. ❚❚ Who made his worries vanish? Because they did not obey God, God dealt severely with ❚❚ Martin Luther once said, “We are all beggars. We are them. Yet, even in their exile, God gave them tremendous saved by one who became a beggar.” Who is it that makes our worries vanish? How?

Exploring the Hymn Background Text This hymn was written during the plague that struck The stanzas of this hymn unfold the wonderful assurance Erfurt in 1563. Ludwig Helmbold wrote this hymn for the of God’s abiding presence in our lives at all times. Stanza 1 rector of the university and his wife, Pancratius and Regina begins with the surety that God will never leave us. It then Helbich. They fled the city to escape the deadly spreading speaks of what God does in our lives. disease. It was intended by Helmbold to give them strength ❚❚ What does it mean that He “gently will reprove me”? See on their journey. Heb. 12:6, 10. ❚ ❚ Name times when your future was uncertain. ❚❚ “He stretches out His hand” is a powerful biblical image. ❚❚ Have you ever had to leave your friends and start a new What are some biblical examples of this? What does God life elsewhere? do each time this happens? ❚❚ How did God’s Word help you at those times?

Proper 27C, Proper 12A and Proper 25B | Three-Year Lectionary 89 Stanza 2 speaks about losing those in life who were regard- ❚❚ What is the most important gift the Father gives us ed as “trustworthy and sure.” This can mean those whom according to stanza 4? we love that are left behind when life takes a different ❚❚ What is meant by “The bread of earth and heaven”? course. It can also refer to those who betray us. ❚❚ In either case, what is true about God? Stanza 5 speaks about our worship of God — our response ❚❚ What are the “chains that bind me”? to His grace, love and mercy. ❚ ❚❚ How does one receive “peace … within”? ❚ What is meant by the word “vocation”? ❚❚ How is our worship eternal? Stanza 3 speaks of the providence of God. We don’t plan our lives — He does. Stanza 6 speaks of suffering and assures us that our deliver- ❚❚ Why is understanding this truth so important? ance is in Jesus. ❚ ❚❚ How does God change “All sorrow into joy”? ❚ What is meant by “That day of bliss divine”? ❚ ❚❚ How does God’s love “still” us? ❚ How do we look forward to that day?

Stanza 4 assures us that God’s will is done each day in Stanza 7 is a doxological stanza, that is, it gives glory to the our lives. Holy Trinity. It also sums up the hymn. ❚ ❚❚ Read the Third Petition of the Lord’s Prayer and its ❚ What did the Father will? meaning in the Small Catechism (LSB, p. 324). What is ❚❚ How did His Son fulfill this will? God’s will? ❚❚ What does the Spirit give? ❚❚ What is our hope?

Making the Connection We don’t know what happened to Dr. Helbich and his wife ❚❚ “The Lord my life arranges; / Who can His work after they fled Erfurt. Their departure was a painful experi- destroy?” (st. 3). How, with the power of the Holy Spirit, ence for them and those whom they left behind. can we reframe our thinking so that we understand this Likewise, we don’t know what life has in store for us this truth, causing worry to cease? side of heaven. Without Christ the journey of life is danger- ❚❚ “The bread of earth and heaven / Are by His kindness ous and uncertain. given” (st. 4). Why is the Eucharist so vitally important in But we have been baptized into Christ! God’s promises our lives? stand. Nothing can separate us from His love. As the biblical truths captured in this hymn brought the ❚❚ “Praise God with acclamation / And in His gifts rejoice” rector and his wife hope and encouragement, they speak (st. 5). What are the gifts of God that cause you to rejoice? the same to us.

In Closing So, what about those worries you shared at the beginning of ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 713. this study? What assurance has God given you in the words of this hymn? Prayer Worry and fear are sins. Jesus slew them on the cross. O God, the helper of all who call on You, have mercy on us As we sing this hymn laden with the declarations of God’s and give us eyes of faith to see Your Son that we may follow grace and presence, we are moved to trust Him above all Him on the way that leads to eternal life; through the same things, even our worries and fears. Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with It is through this life of uncertainty that “He leads us You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen home to heaven. / O praise the Three in One” (st. 7). (Collect for Proper 25B).

Proper 27C, Proper 12A and Proper 25B | Three-Year Lectionary 90 The Day Is Surely Drawing Near

Lutheran Service Book 508 | study by Allen D. Lunneberg

Introduction Whereas the Last Sunday of the Church Year will proclaim wait and pray in confident faith. In a day when so many are and celebrate the promised victory of eternal life for all ignorant of or even reject God’s plan revealed in His Word, who by faith confessed Jesus as their Savior, this next-to- the Bible, we point to Jesus who spoke plainly regarding last Sunday sounds a solemn warning to all who have not His return, the Day of Judgment, and the deliverance avail- yet come to that faith and confession. Our hymn of the day able to all by faith in Him. describes the Last Day both as something to be feared for ❚❚ How do you imagine most people think about the end of those who have neglected or rejected God’s invitation of the world or the end of their lives? Or do they think about grace, and as a treasured promise and goal for those who it at all? Why or why not?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Matt. 25:31–46. claim of John 3:16, that God so loved the whole world, not Angels show up at every major step forward in God’s plan just part of it. of salvation. Here they will accompany the return of Jesus Next, read 1 Thess. 4:13–18. on the Last Day as the last major step in God’s plan. “All the The question was, “When the Lord returns, when will nations” will be gathered, that is, everyone who ever lived the dead be raised, and will we who are still alive have will be raised with their bodies. Then “he will separate peo- to die first in order to be raised?” St. Paul uses the word ple one from another … the sheep from the goats” (v. 32). “sleep” to describe the death of a Christian. His goal is “that ❚❚ When does “the judgment” actually happen? See you may not grieve as others do who have no hope” (v. 13). 2 Cor. 6:2. “Encourage one another with these words” (v. 18). If you have a King James Bible (KJV), you need to know The proceedings begin with the sheep, the righteous. A that the word “prevent” in v. 15 is a literal translation of the summary of their good works is listed. Latin praevenio. Whereas today the word prevent means to stop something, this word originally meant to precede, ❚❚ How is this not to be interpreted as salvation by works? or go before. This is how modern translations have it. The Why are the works mentioned? Hint, see James 2:18, point is that we who are alive when the Lord returns will 22, 26. not precede, or go before, those who have fallen asleep. It ❚❚ What detail here shows that the good works of a all happens at once, in the “twinkling of an eye.” The dead Christian’s active faith are almost automatic and are raised first, then we who are alive will be changed certainly not kept record of by the Christian? (1 Cor. 15:52). ❚❚ Describe what it means to grieve the death of a loved one To the “goats” (unbelievers) on His left the King says, but not “as others do who have no hope.” “Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared ❚ for the devil and his angels” (Matt. 25:41). Sin results in sep- ❚ Do you think the warning of hell and eternal punishment aration. Unrepented sin results in eternal separation. What for unbelievers is necessary? makes the judgment of hell most agonizing and fearful is ❚❚ Do you think the return of Christ is coming soon? See that “the eternal fire” was not prepared for people to be Rev. 22:7, 12, 20. there in the first place; a detail that supports the universal ❚❚ What is the difference between the day of the death of a Christian and the Last Day?

Exploring the Hymn Background frequently, especially as the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48) This hymn appeared first as an anonymous text in 1565. In caused many to think that the Last Day was presently 1586, however, a Lutheran pastor, Bartholomäus Ringwaldt at hand. (1532–99), revised it, calling it “a hymn about Judgment Day.” It quickly became increasingly popular and sung

Proper 28C, A, B and the Twenty-Sixth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 91 ❚❚ Is church attendance larger during wartime or ❚❚ Will a person have to “wait and see” what the verdict will peacetime? Why? be? Why or why not? ❚❚ What causes people these days to think that the world is ❚❚ What is the purpose of “the books”? coming to an end? Stanza 4 is devastating Law describing the biblical truth for Text those who “scorned” the Lord and “despised His precious The original seven stanzas have been restored to LSB. Only Word,” preferring “carnal pleasures” and “earthly trea- four of the seven stanzas, however, appeared in Lutheran sures.” The “delivery” to Satan is described in Matt. 25:41 Book of Worship (1978) and in Lutheran Worship (1982), and Rev. 20:15. namely, stanzas 1, 2, 6 and 7. ❚❚ What “tool” or procedure does the Church have to call ❚❚ What do the formerly missing stanzas (3–5) have in a Christian back from falling away and despising God’s common? Word? See Matt.18:15–20; 1 Cor. 5:1–5; 2 Cor. 2:6–11. ❚❚ Why do you think these stanzas were removed in the 1978 and 1982 hymnals? Stanzas 5–7 spring from the Gospel. Stanza 5 describes the confidence of faith in the gift of Christ’s atoning sacrifice. In stanza 1, that “fright shall banish idle mirth” almost goes For the Christian there is no more condemnation possible without saying as the very “powers of the heavens will be (Rom. 8:1–2) because of Jesus’ salvation (Heb. 2:14–15; Gal. shaken” (Luke 21:26). No one will be ignorant of what is 3:13; 1 Peter 1:18–19; 2:24). Since Baptism, our names have happening when the Lord returns (1 Thess. 4:13–18; Mark been recorded in the Lamb’s “Book of Life” (Rev. 3:5; 20:12; 14:62; Matt. 16:27; Rev. 1:7). Dan. 12:1). Stanza 2 begins with the sounding of “the final trumpet,” The confidence of faith begins to turn to prayer in stanza the sound that accompanies the Lord’s return (Zech. 9:14; 6, relying on Jesus’ promise to intercede for us before the 1 Cor. 15:52; 1 Thess. 4:16). The resurrection of those who Father’s throne (Rom. 8:34; 1 John 2:1; Is. 53:12; Luke have died and the instant change of those who are still alive 23:34; Heb. 9:24). We are saved by the “blood and merit” of is described. Christ (1 Peter 1:18–19) and numbered with “all His saints “The books” of stanza 3 refer to the record of human in that blest place” (Rev. 7:9–17) where “we shall see Him activity. See Matt. 25:31–46; Rev. 20:12–15; Dan. 7:9–10; face to face” (1 Cor. 13:12). Matt. 16:27; and Rev. 22:12. Finally, stanza 7 is a prayer for Jesus’ return and our endurance.

Making the Connection With its sobering imagery and words of warning for all who ❚❚ Do you think the return of Christ and our final endurance would ignore, neglect or reject God and His gracious plan should occupy our attention and our prayers more than of salvation, this hymn helps us sing with calm confidence it does? in God’s promise of salvation by simple faith in Christ and ❚❚ Our receiving the Lord’s body and blood in the Sacrament reliance on His Word and grace. In this faith we remain of the Altar is a proclamation of His death until He comes vigilant and ready for our Lord’s return and the culmina- (1 Cor. 11:26). How does it also speak of His resurrection, tion of our deliverance from sin, the devil and death. ascension and coming again?

In Closing With thanksgiving and faith in the whole story of God’s Prayer grace in Christ, which we have reviewed in the past li- O Lord, so rule and govern our hearts and minds by Your turgical year, we sing with confidence and joy of our final Holy Spirit that, ever mindful of the end of all things and deliverance and hope of eternal life. the day of Your just judgment, we may be stirred up to ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 508. holiness of living here and dwell with You forever hereafter; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for the Twenty-Sixth Sunday after Trinity).

Proper 28C, A, B and the Twenty-Sixth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 92 Lord, Enthroned in Heavenly Splendor

Lutheran Service Book 534 | study by John G. Fleischmann

Introduction Jesus is our King. That is the emphasis of the readings, ❚❚ How is Jesus present in the world today? prayers and hymns for the Last Sunday of the Church Year. ❚❚ When is a person brought into the kingdom of grace from The Explanation to the Small Catechism reminds us the kingdom of power? that there are three kingdoms over which our Lord reigns: the kingdom of power, which is the world; the kingdom of ❚❚ How does Jesus reign in the Church today? grace, which is the Church; and the kingdom of glory, which ❚❚ When does the kingdom of grace become the kingdom is heaven (Luther’s Small Catechism with Explanation, of glory? How does this tie in with the theme of the Last Question 212). Sunday of the Church Year? Centered on the Holy Eucharist, this hymn praises Jesus for His reign in the Church through the Means of Grace and His reign at the right hand of God in heaven.

Exploring the Scriptures This hymn uses the wonderful worship imagery that is Read Rev. 7:9–17. The heavenly worship continues. given to the Church in the Book of Revelation. ❚❚ Who is worshiping the Lamb? Read Rev. 1:5–6. ❚❚ Who are those in white robes? Why are they singled out? ❚❚ What has God made us to be? Explain. ❚❚ What are the promises given about the kingdom of glory? ❚ ❚ What does the phrase “to him be glory and dominion What will God ultimately do? forever and ever” mean? Read Col. 1:13–20, the Epistle for this day. Read Rev. 5:11–14. Here we have an illustration of the an- tiphonal worship that takes place in heaven. ❚❚ What has Jesus done for us (v. 13)? ❚❚ What is Jesus worthy to receive? ❚❚ What do we learn about Jesus in verses 15 and 16? ❚❚ Why? ❚❚ Of which kingdom do verses 17 and 18 speak? ❚❚ Where in the liturgy do we sing these words? ❚❚ How did Jesus reconcile all things to Himself?

Exploring the Hymn Background This hymn was penned by the Rev. George Hugh Bourne Text (1840–1925), an Anglican priest and warden of St. Stanza 1 begins by acknowledging that the Christ of Holy Edmund’s School at Salisbury. Communion is the same Christ who rose and is now reign- The author desired to provide students with posting in heaven. Communion hymns that would delve into the Eucharistic ❚❚ What are the things that Jesus does for the Church at mystery. “Lord, Enthroned in Heavenly Splendor” was one God’s right hand now? of seven hymns included in a private publication in 1874. It was first offered to the Church in 1889 in the supplement to ❚❚ How does Jesus lift up your head? Hymns Ancient and Modern. ❚❚ What is the connection between Holy Communion and The imagery used by Bourne links the glories of heaven to the phrase “Jesus, true and living bread”? the Eucharist on the altar in a beautiful way. ❚❚ How do hymns help you to better understand deep Stanza 2 makes the connection between the bread and wine theological and biblical truths? on the altar and Jesus’ lowly birth at Bethlehem. To the world, neither are spectacular or miraculous: the birth of a ❚ ❚ As you read the stanzas of this hymn, how do they build child; common bread and wine. upon each other?

Proper 29C and Proper 14B | Three-Year Lectionary 93 However, with the Word of God, bread and wine on the Stanza 4 makes the connection between the wilderness altar are no mere forms! They are the very body and blood wandering of the children of Israel, the reign of Christ in of Jesus, given and shed for us! heaven, and the lowly bread and wine on the altar. ❚❚ How do the angels hail Jesus here? ❚❚ Read 1 Cor. 10:1–4. How did the Lord provide for the ❚❚ What is the significance of the phrase “Branch and flow’r children of Israel? of Jesse’s stem”? ❚❚ Read John 6:31–34. How does Jesus feed us in our ❚❚ What part of the Communion liturgy speaks of us joining journey to heaven? our voices with the angels? ❚❚ Read Ex. 17:1–7. How did God provide water for the children of Israel? Stanza 3 takes us to the altar: the cross. It is there that the ❚❚ How is Jesus the “Stricken rock with streaming side”? Paschal Lamb was slain for the redemption of the world. ❚❚ What comfort does the phrase “In its fullness This final stanza culminates with the heavenly worship of undiminished / Shall forevermore remain” bring to you? the Lord by all creation. ❚❚ According to the last line of this stanza, what is the effect ❚❚ How do we worship “with loud hosanna” as we celebrate of this once-for-all sacrifice of Jesus? See Heb. 10:10. the Eucharist? ❚❚ What certainty does the phrase “Ris’n, ascended, glorified” bring to you as you receive Holy Communion?

Making the Connection This powerful hymn draws out the biblical imagery of heav- ❚❚ How do the “praise songs” of today differ from the enly worship and applies it to the Holy Eucharist. worship in Revelation and the words of this hymn? As each stanza builds on the previous stanza, the words ❚❚ How does this hymn assist you in better understanding crescendo to the point where one can almost hear the an- what takes place as you receive Holy Communion? gels joining their voices!

In Closing

❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 534.

Prayer Lord Jesus Christ, You reign among us by the preaching of Your cross. Forgive Your people their offenses that we, being governed by Your bountiful goodness, may enter at last into Your eternal paradise; for You live and reign with the Father and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 29C).

Proper 29C and Proper 14B | Three-Year Lectionary 94