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A Review on Ayurvedic Management on Venomous Review Article International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ISSN:2320 5091 A REVIEW ON AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT ON VENOMOUS SNAKE BITE Shweta Nidagundi1, Chaitra H2 P.G Scholar1, Associate professor2, P.G.Department of Agada Tantra, SDM college of Ayurveda, Hassan, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT Snake-bites are well-known medical emergencies in many parts of the world, especially in rural areas. Agricultural workers and children are the most affected. In India, snake bites take a heavy toll of human lives. India is reported to have the highest number of snake bites (81,000) and deaths (11,000) per year. Estimates of death due to snake bite range widely from 1,300- 50,000; hence there is a utmost need for the attention on snake bite treatment. The current annual need for the treatment of snake-bite envenoming amounts to 10 million vials of antivenins. Un- fortunately, the present worldwide production capacity is well below these needs and frequently leads to side effects. In view of limited presence of modern medical avenues in far flung areas, such are source needs to be harnessed, as herbals are cheap, acceptable and often at the disposal of victims. Ayurveda has its own way of approach in the management of snake bite poison, which has co-parlance with the concepts of current science. In the present article, an attempt is made to highlight the importance of classical remedial measures and special emphasis which helps in the management of snake bite poison. Keywords: Snakebite, Ayurveda, Sarpa Visha, Visha Chikitsa INTRODUCTION There are nearly 3150 species of snake bites. India is reported to have the snakes in the world and around 600 species highest number of snake bites (81,000) and are venomous1. In India, out of the 216 spe- deaths (11,000) per year3. Estimates of death cies of snakes, 60 are considered poisonous2 due to snake bite range widely from 1,300- .Snakes are found on every continent except 50,000. According to Government of India Antarctica. The true global burden of snake data, there were 61,507 snake bites with bite is not known due to lack of standardized mortality of 1124 in 2006; 76,948 bites and reporting and underreporting. It is docu- 1359 deaths in 2007. A high mortality of mented that there are 54, 00,000 snake bites 50,000 deaths each year has also been pub- with 2, 50,000 envenomations and around lished4.Majority deaths are caused by cobra, 1,25,000 fatalities annually in the world. krait and vipers Most snake bites and fatalities occur in Asia, Fatality due to snake bite is due to wide spe- Southeast, and sub-Saharan Africa, with In- cies variation, shortage of anti-snake venom dia reporting the highest mortality due to (ASV), poor compliance with treatment pro- How to cite this URL: Shweta Nidagundi & Chaitra: Ha Review On Ayurvedic Management On Venomous Snake Bite. International Ayurvedic medical Journal {online} 2016 {cited 2016 July} Available from: http://www.iamj.in/posts/images/upload/1284_1290.pdf Shweta Nidagundi & Chaitra: Ha Review On Ayurvedic Management On Venomous Snake Bite tocols, lack of public education and clear Darvikara Sarpa: Shyavata Of Mukha policy to deal with the problem. The reason ,Netra,Nakha, Mutra, Purisha And Tvak , being lack of experience in handling such Shiro Gourava, Sheeta Jwara, Nidra Nasha cases and non-compliance with the existing , Vijrimba, Sandigdhatva Of Vak (Irrelevant guidelines. Snake bite is a common medical Speech) , Acheshta ,Lala Srava And emergency, where timely treatment Phenagama, Kantha Guruguraya- Can reduce morbidity and mortality and na(Rumbling Sound) , Shushka Udgara And save precious human lives. Though National Other Lakshna Of Vata Protocol on Snake Bite Management formu- Mandali Sarpa: Saushma , Shosha ,Peeta lated by the Ministry of Health & Family lohita, Pruthu , visarpita, daha , ushna, Welfare, Government of India is in place kleda, kotha, vishiryatey , Peeta tha of besides the WHO Guidelines5. The modern mukha , danta etc,Trishna , Shrama health care facilities are not well equipped ,Bhrama Daha , Murcha , Jwara – tik- and there is shortage of ASV, emergency taasyata , Urdwa & Adho marga raktha drugs, ventilators etc thus necessitating a agama, Sheeta icha , Dhumako , Mada, trip to well-equipped tertiary care hospitals, Other Lakshna of Pitta . where treatment may be unaffordable due to Rajimantha Sarpa: Bite site –Snigdha , limited purchasing power of the rural vic- Sthira , Pichila, Shopha,Raktha- Sandra , tims. Thus, increasing the high mortality rate Shita & Pandu, Shirovyatha, Aru- and loss of crucial golden lives of humans. chi,Chardhi , Aalasya, Hrrillasa, Types of Sarpa Damsha: Madhurasyata Kantey Ghuru-Ghuru, According to Sushruta6 Kruchra- Uchvasa & Nishvasa, Nidra,Kasa, 1. Sarpita-deep punctured Panduta Of Nakha Etc, Anga Guruta And 2. Radita-superficial punctured with less Stamba ,Srava From Nasa,Akshi,Mukha, venom injected Romaharsha, Shwasa, Tama,Other Lakshna 3. Nirvisha-non poisonous Of Kapha According to Vagbhata7 Diagnosis: 1. Tundahata-stained by Saliva Vishahari Lehya11: 2. Vyalidha-one or two bite marks & no bleeding This Lehya is very useful in diagnosing 3. Vyalupta-one or two bite marks & bleed- venomous and non-venomous snake ing bites. 250gms of seeds of Luffa amara 4. Dashtaka-three marks accompanied with ground in the juice of about 500 betel tearing of muscles leaves should be tied in a cloth and hung 5. Dashtanipidita-four bitting marks on a hook. The juice flowing down is collected and an equal quantity of old Causes for Snakebite: Acharyas have neem oil is to be added. One-fifth quan- explained 8 reasons for Sarpa Damsha. tity (by weight) each of purified mercury They are Bhaya ,Krodha ,Aaharartha , Pada and purified sulphur is added to it, mixed sparsha ,Ati vishat ,Vairadhya ,Papa karma in a mortar and water is removed by , Deva-rishi-yama kopa8 . evaporation and kept in a glass jar. 50- Lakshana’s9, 10: 1285 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 4; Issue 07; July- 2016 Shweta Nidagundi & Chaitra: Ha Review On Ayurvedic Management On Venomous Snake Bite 100mg of Lehya spread on a betel leaf is Snake bite can be treated on the basis of given to the victim. 3 treatment modalities like If the victim tastes Amla Rasa then it is 1. Satwavajaya-Reassuring of the vic- to be bitten by Mandali Sarpa. Similar- tim who may be very anxious ly,Katu Rasa by Daarvikara Sarpa, 2. Daivavyapashraya-Chanting Mantra Madhura Rasa by Rajimantha Sarpa and 3. Yukthivyapashraya-Medication Kashaya Rasa then there is Slight en- Acharya Charaka has mentioned “Chatur- venomation . vimshati Upakramas” (24 treatment modali- Caution- This preparation itself is toxic. ties) in all cases of poisonings. Based on the If it was given, ripe fruit of Benincasa probable purpose of the treatment, these Hispida is to be used for the next 3-4 Upakramas can be applied. days. Table2 Chaturvimshati Upakramas12 Chikitsa: check entry of Eliminative Symptomatic Counteracting Pacifying poison in therapy therapy measures measures blood ArishtaBandhana RaktaMokshan Hrudayavaranam Mantra Anjana Utkartanam Vamana SajnaSamsthapan Aushadha Lepa Nishpeedanam Virechan MrutaSanjeevan Prativisha Dhuma Cushanam Nasyam Leham Agni Upadhanam Parishekam Pradhamanam Avagaham Pratisaranam Mantra:Chakrapani prefers Mantra as of poison, the physician has to opt the foremost and par excellence Upakrama bandhana. among others, which nullifies the poison13. Charaka further say that, chanting Mantra is Material: Plota(cloth),Charmanta ,Mrudu a specific rhythm builds confidence in vic- Valka or any soft material. It should be tied tim and helps in relieving anxiety. They 4 Anguli above the site of bite. Neither too stimulate sympathetic nervous system tight nor too loose .Strengthen the peripheral blood vessels, Utkartanam(Incision): Poison does not ad- which helps in maintaining the normal blood vance after incision of bite like a tree after flow to the vital organs and it awakens the cutting its root i.e. spreading of poison can body's natural healing mechanisms14. be stopped. Arishta Bhandana(Ligature): Arishta Achushana(Sucking):The physician should means unfavorable/indication of death. suck the poison filling his mouth before with Bandhana means to stop. When the intensity Mruth,Bhasma, Agada Or Gomaya .This of the poison increases, it starts to combine method should be adopted especially on with the blood and gets spreaded all over the fleshy part body. Thus to prevent or stop the spreading 1286 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 4; Issue 07; July- 2016 Shweta Nidagundi & Chaitra: Ha Review On Ayurvedic Management On Venomous Snake Bite Nishpeedanam(Compression):Expelling of Precaution: Avoid using Kanji. Kulatha, the poison by squeezing the area of bite Taila, Madhya etc so that Kapha does not where the incision is not advisable. It is just spread to whole body. like destroying of the seed before sprouting. Virechana(Purgation): It is done at the 2nd It should not be done if bite is on vital part stage, when Visha moves to the Pakvashaya. (Mrutyu) and joints (Angavikala). Indication: Koshta Daha and Ruja, Adhma- Avagaha(Immersion/dipping): It means the na, Mutrasangha,Purishsangha, Mutra Kri- affected part in a medicated Kwatha/Taila. chra, Pitha Vikara .If bite is below umbili- Agni (Cauterisation): It is Cauterising the cal region. site of bite with Suvarna, Loha etc and even After Virechana, Agadapana should be burning faggot (wooden). It is mainly indi- done. cated in Twak and Mamsagata Visha . It is Nasya(nasal medication): It should be done contraindicated in Mandali Sarpa. when Visha move to Shira Pradesha with, Rakthamokshna(Blood-letting):It is done Mula Swarasa of Bhandujiva, Bha- in case where bite site has become Vivar- rangi,Asita And Surasa. Or with Churna of na,Kathina,Shuna, And Ruja Yuktha. If it Pippali, Hingu, Vrichikali, Manashila, has spread to distance area Siravyadha Shirisha Bija, Apamarga, Lavana, blowen should be done. It is contraindicated in into the nose, restores consciousness.
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