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A Qualitative Exploration of the Dating and Sexual Relationships of HIV-Positive Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

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A Qualitative Exploration of the Dating and Sexual Relationships of HIV-Positive Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations College of Science and Health Summer 8-21-2016 Living and Loving: A Qualitative Exploration of the Dating and Sexual Relationships of HIV-Positive Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Darnell N. Motley DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd Part of the Clinical Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Motley, Darnell N., "Living and Loving: A Qualitative Exploration of the Dating and Sexual Relationships of HIV-Positive Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men" (2016). College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations. 181. https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/181 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Science and Health at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Living and Loving: A Qualitative Exploration of the Dating and Sexual Relationships of HIV-Positive Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Darnell Nathaniel Motley August 10, 2016 Department of Psychology College of Science and Health DePaul University Chicago, Illinois DATING AND SEX FOR HIV+ YOUNG AF AM GBMSM ii Dissertation Committee Christopher B. Keys, PhD, Chairperson Gary W. Harper, PhD, MPH Richard Renfro, PhD Mona Shattell, PhD Douglas Bruce, PhD DATING AND SEX FOR HIV+ YOUNG AF AM GBMSM iii Acknowledgments I would like to extend my sincerest thanks to the young men who participated in my study. I consider their willingness to share their personal experiences of dating and sex with me a great sacrifice, one that I hope will be able to inform work that can eventually improve the lives of men like them. Further, I would like to extend thanks to the members of my CAB and peer debriefing team. Their investment in my work and their willingness to give their time to my dissertation study was invaluable. In addition, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the members of my dissertation committee for their willingness to challenge me to think critically about approaching this study. The level of dialogue with them during my proposal meeting cemented the necessity of this study and the care which needed to be taken in order to do this work well. Further, I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to those members of my friends and family who provided necessary support during the challenging periods of my graduate school journey. My doctoral study has been a stitch in time and an eon all at once, but it would not have been possible without the support of those who hold me dear. Lastly, I dedicate this work to the memory of my forefathers lost to the consequences of racism, heterosexism, and HIV stigma. This work is done in tribute to the lives of men like Essex Hemphill, Marlon Riggs, Willi Ninja, and the countless other Black men who lay the groundwork for a world wherein my work can be pursued and my life can be affirmed. DATING AND SEX FOR HIV+ YOUNG AF AM GBMSM iv Biography The author was born in Gary, Indiana, February 5, 1984. He graduated from Emerson School for the Visual and Performing Arts in 2002 with a major in Drama. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology with a Certificate in African American Studies from Princeton University in 2006 and a Master of Arts degree in Clinical Community Psychology from DePaul University in 2013. DATING AND SEX FOR HIV+ YOUNG AF AM GBMSM v Table of Contents Dissertation Committee .......................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.................................................................................................. iii Biography ............................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ...........................................................................................................x Abstract ....................................................................................................................1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................3 Dating & Sex for GBMSM ..........................................................................5 Potential Dating Relationships for GBMSM. ..................................5 Potential Sexual Relationships for GBMSM. ..................................8 Meeting Partners. ...........................................................................10 Dating & Sex for Young GBMSM ............................................................14 Developing GBMSM Dating Scripts. ............................................15 Developing GBMSM Sexual Scripts. ............................................18 Hook-up Culture. ...........................................................................19 Dating & Sex for Young Black GBMSM ..................................................20 Impacts of Racism, Heterosexism, and Homophobia. ...................20 Construction of Black Men’s Sexuality. ........................................23 Compulsory Black Masculinity. ....................................................28 Racial Homophily in Partnering. ...................................................31 Skin Color & Colorism. .................................................................34 DATING AND SEX FOR HIV+ YOUNG AF AM GBMSM vi Dating & Sex for Young Black GBMSM Living with HIV ......................36 Self-Concept and Sexual Practices. ...............................................37 Negotiating Risk. ...........................................................................40 Stigma and Disclosure. ..................................................................45 Impacts of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. ........................56 Impacts of Antiretroviral Prophylaxis. ..........................................58 Theory: Intersectionality ............................................................................59 Rationale ....................................................................................................66 Statement of Research Questions...............................................................69 Method ...................................................................................................................71 Research Participants .................................................................................71 The Community Advisory Board...............................................................73 Interview Guide .........................................................................................74 Procedure ...................................................................................................75 Recruitment. ...................................................................................75 Interview Process. ..........................................................................75 Analytical Approach: Thematic Analysis ..................................................76 Trustworthiness ..........................................................................................80 Positionality. ..................................................................................80 Prolonged Engagement. .................................................................85 DATING AND SEX FOR HIV+ YOUNG AF AM GBMSM vii Member Checking. .........................................................................86 Peer Debriefing. .............................................................................87 Negative Case Analysis. ................................................................88 Results ....................................................................................................................90 Being Young Black GBMSM Living with HIV ........................................91 Broad Experiences as Young Black GBMSM Living with HIV. ..92 Experiences Related to Black Identity. ..........................................93 Experiences Related to Sexual Orientation....................................93 Experiences Related to HIV...........................................................96 Experiences in Dating Relationships .......................................................100 Dating Experiences Related to Blackness....................................101 Impacts of HIV on New Relationships. .......................................103 Impacts of HIV on Existing Relationships. .................................106 Qualities of Healthy Dating Relationships. .................................110 Experiences in Sexual Relationships .......................................................113 Sexual Experiences Related to Blackness....................................113 Relationship between HIV and Sexual Desire. ............................114 Impacts of HIV on Sexual Intercourse.........................................115 Fear of Being Hurt if a Partner Becomes Positive. ......................118 Sexual Risk Negotiation. .............................................................119 DATING AND SEX FOR HIV+ YOUNG AF AM GBMSM viii Qualities of Healthy Sexual
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