Study of Tornadoes That Have Reached the State of Paraná

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290195995 Study of tornadoes that have reached the state of Paraná Article · January 2016 CITATIONS READS 0 305 3 authors: Ricardo Gobato Alekssander Gobato State Secretariat for Education of Paraná. Stat… Faculdade Pitágoras de Londrina,Londrina, Brazil 18 PUBLICATIONS 15 CITATIONS 16 PUBLICATIONS 3 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Desire Francine Gobato Fedrigo Universidade Estadual de Londrina 14 PUBLICATIONS 3 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: New development Crystal Selenium arrangement, Silicon, Lithium and Beryllium View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ricardo Gobato on 20 January 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Parana Journal of Science and Education, v.2, n.1, January 11, 2016 PJSE, ISSN 2447-6153, c Copyright 2015 Study of tornadoes that have reached the state of Parana´ R. Gobato1, A. Gobato2 and D. F. G. Fedrigo3 Abstract Several tornadoes have solid recorded in the Midwest, Southeast and South of Brazil. The southern region of Brazil has been hit by several of them in the last decade, highlighted the state of Parana´ to record three tornadoes in 2015. The work is a survey of tornadoes that caused major damage to the Parana´ population, relevance those who reached the Balsa Nova counties, Francisco Beltrao˜ , Cafelandiaˆ , Nova Aurora and Marechal Candidoˆ Rondon. The main cause because it is related to El Nino˜ which has caused a significant rise in temperature and water vapor present in the atmosphere in the state’s regions in surroundings that influence the climate of the state. Another likely factor is the increase in global temperature of the planet, a ripple effect on the warming of Pacific Ocean waters. The meeting is the possibility of the formation of large storms that funnel and reach the states of Parana and Santa Catarina. Overall fronts storms fall into two, forming a separation channel as a wave, their crests (storms) and valleys (lull), advancing the state of Parana.´ Keywords El Nino˜ , Fujita scale, Global temperature, Parana,´ South of Brazil,Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Vortex, Waterspout. 1Secretaria de Estado da Educaçao˜ do Parana´ (SEED/PR), Av. Maringa,´ 290, Jardim Dom Bosco, Londrina/PR, 86060-000, Brasil. 2Faculdade Pitagoras´ Londrina, Rua Edwy Taques de Araujo,´ 1100, Gleba Palhano, Londrina/PR, 86047-500, Brasil. 3Aeronautical Engineering Consulting, Consultant in processes LOA/PBN RNAV, Rua Lu´ısa, 388s, ap. 05, Vila Portuguesa, Tangara´ da Serra/MT, 78300-000, Brasil. Corresponding authors: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Contents 9.2 Francisco Beltrao˜ ...................... 13 9.3 Cafelandiaˆ e Nova Aurora................ 18 Introduction1 9.4 Marechal Candidoˆ Rondon............... 22 1 State of Parana´2 References 27 1.1 Climate..............................2 2 Tornadoes3 Introduction 3 Fundamentals3 3.1 Tornado Vortex Dynamics.................3 Several tornadoes have been recorded in recent decades in southern Brazil, as well as in the Midwest and Southeast. In 3.2 The Fujita Scale........................4 Canoinhas - Santa Catarina, May 1948; Parana´ in Almirante 4 El Nino˜ 5 Tamandare´, May 1992 [1] and Balsa Nova, December 2012. 5 Parana´ towns of records affected by tornadoes5 [2] In Santa Catarina: Canoinhas, May 1948 and Xanxereˆ, April 2015. In Rio Grande do Sul: Cruz Alta, October 2002; 5.1 Balsa Nova, metropolitan region of Curitiba....5 Gramado and Canela, September 2010; Erebango, April 2014. 5.2 Francisco Beltrao˜ .......................6 [1] 5.3 Cafelandiaˆ e Nova Aurora.................7 Mato Grosso do Sul is another state that has a history of 5.4 Marechal Candidoˆ Rondon................7 tornadoes. Sao Paulo has several cases and are among the most intense ever observed in Brazil: Indaiatuba, in May 6 Analysis of climatic setting7 2005, Itu in September 1991 and the latest in Taquarituba in 7 Conclusions8 September 2013. [1] Acknowledgments8 You can no longer say that tornadoes are rare in Brazil, Fig. (1). With the ease that now has registration and dissem- 8 List of Symbols8 ination of information, through videos and photos made on 9 Images shot by Goes-13 satellite 10 mobile phones, tablets and notebooks, severe phenomenon are 9.1 Balsa Nova.......................... 10 increasingly known to Brazilians. The tornado is considered Study of tornadoes that have reached the state of Parana´ — 2/27 Figure 1. Map of the State of Parana´ (adapted). Towns hit by tornadoes. 1. Marechal Candidoˆ Rondon; 2. Nova Aurora; 3. Cafelandiaˆ ; 4. Francisco Beltrao˜ ; 5. Balsa Nova.[4] Figure 2. The map indicates humidity anomaly at 10 km as measured by Aura MLS. Blue, green, and red indicate drier, average, and wetter than average conditions. 7 November the worst of the degree of destruction that can cause and the 2015 indicates a strong El Nino˜ because the humidity over difficulty to predict. Every time one happens, beyond destruc- western Pacific is much greater than average and the eastern tion, reveals the fragility of meteorologists in Brazil before Pacific is much drier than average. [3] phenomenon like this and others included in what is called (severe weather), which is high risk of property damage and causalities. Explain what it is, how it forms, where there are tornadoes and waterspouts does not represent any disorder for 22◦31’07.0”S 52◦06’30.2”W. most meteorologists. But when it comes to tornadoes forecast, almost everyone feels trapped, powerless. [1] 1.1 Climate In 2015 the state of Parana´ there were several tornadoes. In The Parana´ Fig. (1) territory covers three distinct climatic January: Perola´ ; July: Francisco Beltrao˜ ; October: Cafelandiaˆ types, taking into account the temperatures and rainfall: the and Nova Aurora; November: Marechal Candidoˆ Rondon. Cfa climates, Cfb and Cwa belonging to the Koppen¨ classifi- The reason for the increase in cases of tornadoes in the cation. The Cfa climate, subtropical with good distribution of state of Parana´ may be related to the phenomenon El Nino˜ , Fig. rainfall during the year and summers where it is hot, has hit (2), (6) and (7). These phenomenon are significant changes area in the north, northwest, west and southwest of the state. in short-term (15-18 months) in the distribution of surface Average annual temperatures recorded are higher than 19◦C temperature of the Pacific Ocean water with profound effects and the annual rainfall is 1,500 mm, something with great on climate, Fig. (2). [3] elevation on the coast than in the interior. [6] The Cfb climate subtropical with good distribution of rainfall during the year and mild summers. Its area of occurrence 1. State of Parana´ is the portion of higher altitude of the state and its catchment Parana´ is one of the 26 states of Brazil, Fig. (1), located in area corresponds to the First Plateau, the Second Plateau and the south of the country, bordered on the north by Sao˜ Paulo east of the Third Plateau. The average temperature per year is state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa variation around 17◦C[7] and the rainfall is over 1,200 mm Catarina state and the Misiones Province of Argentina, and on annually. [6] the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and the republic of Paraguay, The Cwa climate, with subtropical summers where it is with the Parana´ River as its western boundary line. hot and dry winters, has occurred in the north-western end Cut by the Tropic of Capricorn, Parana´ has what is left of the state. It’s what is called a tropical climate because, of the araucaria forest, one of the most important subtropical unlike what happens with the Cfa and Cfb climates, with forests in the world. At the border with Argentina is the good distribution of rainfall recorded during the year, this is National Park of Iguaçu, considered by UNESCO as a World characteristically rainy with respect to tropical systems with Heritage site. At only 40 km (25 mi) from there, at the border dry winters and rainy summer, but, in Parana,´ this drought with Paraguay, the largest dam in the world was built, the is only registered for a period of two months at most. The Hidroeletrica´ de Itaipu (Itaipu Hydroelectric Dam). [5] annual temperature variation is about 20◦C and annual rainfall The state of Parana´ has extreme limits west with co- has a range of 1.300mm. Almost the entire state is subject to ordinates 25◦27’21.2”S 54◦37’07.8”W, south 26◦43’02.3”S a period of five days of frost per year, but in the south and in 51◦24’41.5”W, east 25◦13’51.9”S 48◦01’33.4”W and north parts of greater altitude of the plateau is recorded longer than Study of tornadoes that have reached the state of Parana´ — 3/27 ten days. [6] The snow has less appearance in area Curitiba and, more often, in the region where they are located Palmas and Guarapuava. [?] 2. Tornadoes A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, [8, 9, 10] although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation, Fig. (3) and (4). Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the Figure 3.

Load more