Report on Latin-American Activities in Nuclear Physics

Alinka Lépine-Szily Instituto de Física-USP São Paulo, Brazil

IUPAP Working Group WG.9 AGM Adelaide Australia, September 11, 2016 ALAFNA http://www.alafna.net/

The “Association of Latin American Nuclear Physics and Applications” (ALANPA) was formed in Santiago, Chile on Dec. 19, 2009, by representatives of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela.

In Spanish is called “Asociación Latino Americana de Física Nuclear y Aplicaciones” ALAFNA In Portuguese is called “Associação Latino Americana de Física Nuclear e Aplicações” ALAFNA Chairs of ALAFNA, reelected in 2015 at Medellin: • Andrés Kreiner (Argentina) • Alinka Lépine-Szily (Brazil)

Executive Board • Fernando Cristancho (Universidad Nacional, Bogotá) Colombia • Raul Donangelo (Universidad de la República, Montevideo), Uruguay • Paulo Gomes (Universidad Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro), Brasil • Andrés Kreiner (Tandar, CNEA, Buenos Aires), Argentina • Alinka Lépine-Szily (Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo), Brasil

ALAFNA homepage is installed: www.alafna.net Next meeting of ALAFNA: together with next XII LASNPA, Nov. 2017 in Havana,Cuba Nuclear science installations in Latin America

Research reactors: Argentina 6 in operation, 1 in construction CAREM • RA-0, built 1964, 0.01 kWt, tank type, owned and operated by Universidad Nacional de Cordoba • RA-1 built 1957, 40 kWt, tank type. • RA-2, built 1965, 0.03 kWt, critical assembly type (shut down on 1983/09/01) • RA-3, built 1963, 5,000 kWt, pool type. • RA-4 (former SUR-100), built 1971, HOMOG type, owned and operated by Universidad Nacional de Rosario • RA-6, built 1978, 500 kWt, pool type. • RA-8, built 1986, 0.01 kWt, critical assembly type • CAREM prototype 25 Mwe, under construction 2 October 2014, expected completion 2017. Brazil : 4 in operation • São Paulo – IEA-R1 – Pool-type reactor, 5MW – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, SP (criticality 1957-09-16) • Belo Horizonte – IPR-R1 – TRIGA Mark I, 250 kW - CDTN-Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, MG (criticality 1960-11-06) • Rio de Janeiro – ARGONAUTA – Argonaut class reactor, 100 kW – IEN-Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (criticality 1965-02-20) • São Paulo – IPEN/MB-01 – Critical assembly, 0.1 kW – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, SP (criticality 1988-11-09

Chile: : 2 in operation • RECH 1 – Pool-type reactor, 5 MWt MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1974) • RECH 2 – Pool-type reactor, 10 MWt MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1977, refurbished 1989)

Colombia: 1 in operation • Bogotá – IAN-R1, 100 kW – TRIGA, Institute of Nuclear Science (installed in 1997 Mexico: 3 in operation • Mexico City - TRIGA Mark III, National Institute for Nuclear Research • Mexico City - National Polytechnic Institute - Subcritical research reactor • Zacatecas - Autonomous University of Zacatecas - Subcritical research reactor Peru: 2 in operation • RP-0 - Located in Lima, built by Argentine INVAP • RP-10 - Located in Huarangal built by Argentine INVAP Uruguay: no nuclear installation • URR reactor - A small pool-type research reactor placed in Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares (CIN). In operation since early '70 up to 1997 when it was dismantled and returned to United States due law of 1997 against use of nuclear energy in Uruguay. Venezuela: no nuclear installation • RV-1 pool-type reactor (shut down 1994)

Nuclear power plants: Argentina : 3 in operation, 2 planned 10% of total energy production

Reactor Capacity in MW Commercial Reactor Construction Clos Name Status operation No. Type Model Net Gross start date ure date

PHWR AtuchaI 1 PHWR Operational 335 362 1 June 1968 24 June 1974 KWU

14 July 1981 PHWR (mothballed Atucha II 1 PHWR Operational 692 745 27 June 2014 KWU between 1994 and 2007)

Atucha III 1 PHWR CANDU-6 Planned 800 2017 2025

Atucha IV [7] 1 PWR ACP-1000 Planned 1000 2019

Operation 20 January Embalse 1 PHWR CANDU-6 suspended for 600 648 1 April 1974 1984 maintenance[9] Argentina: autonomy in nuclear research reactor technology

CNEA: Comissión Nacional de Energia Atomica

INVAP: INVAP technology company of the state established in 1976 Develops multi-discipline technological projects in the nuclear, space, industrial services, medicine and education fields.

INVAP has built several Nuclear Research Reactors as well as important parts of others, in Argentina, Peru, Algeria and Egypt.

On July 2000 INVAP awarded international tender for the construction of a Replacement Research Reactor (OPAL) by ANSTO, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation.

Open Pool Australian Light-water reactor (OPAL) is a multipurpose facility particularly oriented toward radioisotope production, Power 20MW, Operational in November 2006 and inaugurated in April 2007. OPAL construction, inauguration Nuclear power plants: Brazil : 2 in operation, 1 in construction, 4 planned until 2025

4% of total energy production, 92% is hydroelectric.

Reactor Capacity in MW Commerci Reactor Constructio al Name Status Closure no. Type Model Net Gross n start date operation date

1 January Angra 1 PWR WE-2 loops Operational 609 640 1 May 1971 1985

PRE 1 January 1 February Angra 2 PWR Operational 1275 1350 KONVOI 1976 2001

1984 (halted PRE Under in 1986, Angra 3 PWR 1245 1350 KONVOI construction restarted on 1 June 2010) ANGRA II ANGRA I

ANGRA III Nuclear power plants: Mexico : 2 in operation, 4 planned until 2025 4% of total energy production

Reactor Capacity in MW Constructi Commercial Reactor Name Status on Start Operation Closure No. Type Model Net Gross Date Date

1 October Laguna Verde 1 BWR BWR-5 Operational 665 700 29 July 1990 1976

1 June Laguna Verde 2 BWR BWR-5 Operational 665 700 10 April 1995 1977 New nuclear science installations planned in Brazil

1. RMB - Reator Multipropósito Brasileiro

RMB : medical radioisotope production (99Mo, 2.5 x consumption) irradiation tests of advanced nuclear fuel/materials, neutron beam research, material research

Power: 30 MW, Cost: U$ 500 M ; Local: Iperó, SP; 2018 (?) Construction: INVAP (Argentina, OPAL type)

Nuclear technology firm Invap will construct two research reactors, one in Brazil and one in Argentina, under a contract signed with the two countries.

The new Argentine and Brazilian reactors will provide capacity to supply 40% of global radioisotope demand.

Power of some research reactors

Age of reactors producing 99Mo New accelerator science installations in

construction in Brazil

LNLS: Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sincrotron -UVX Campinas,SP,Brazil UVX- designed in 1983, entirely built in Brazil, became operational 14 years later, in 1997. Unique in Latin America. UVX Accelerator Parameters: Storage Ring:

Energy 1.37 GeV

Injection energy 500 MeV

Beam current 250 mA Circumference 93.2 m Average 29.7 m diameter

1500 Researchers use regularly, 17% from Argentina. - Schedule - Building construction started in December 2014 – 40 months - In September 2017 starts assembly of accelerators - July 2018 – First beam (commissioning starts) - Assembly of the 13 Phase 1 beamlines – from 2018 throughout 2020 - Open to users in 2019 Cost R$ 1,3 B = US$ 400 M

Sirius, the new Brazilian synchrotron light source, will be the largest and most complex scientific infrastructure ever built in the country.

It is designed to place Brazil amongst the leadership in the generation of synchrotron light, since it is planned to be one of the first 4th generation light sources and one of the brightest in its energy class. Natural emiance of some Light Sources

Regis Neuenschwander – IPAC 2015

4th generation! BEAMLINES Sirius will be able to have ~ 40 beamlines First phase – 13 beamlines Sophisticated experimental stations - Fourth Generation Storage Ring - Many technological challenges – in house solutions!

International Recognition • Executive project concluded – 2012-2014 • Civil engineering challenges – stability (most sophisticated floor ever built in Brazil) • Building total area - 68.000 m2

Landwork – finished first semester of 2014

October 2014

Special floor to minimize effects of vibration

Machine Installaon Timeline Beamline Installaon Building Construcon Start Building Complete 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 100 mA 20 mA 350 mA Due to recent political and economical crisis in Brazil:

Important reduction in investment in science.

However RMB and SIRIUS projects seem not to be delayed New accelerator science installations in

construction in Argentina

CNEA - Accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT)

Slides from Andres Kreiner - CNEA

Slide of Andres Kreiner The development of a high current (10 mA) Electrostatic Quadrupole Accelerator intended for neutron production, BNCT and other applications is finalized. It is a small machine, but is modular, working on a larger one.

Start the construction of an Accelerator Development Lab where the bigger machine will be installed which could become also a facility for BNCT clinical trials. Remeasurement of some neutron producing reactions like 9Be(d,n) and significant progress in the development of high power neutron production targets. Conferences, symposia, summer schools

in 2015-2017 Latin American Symposia on Nuclear Physics and Applications (LASNPA)

1995 Caracas, Venezuela 1997 Caracas, Venezuela 1999 San Andrés, Colombia 2001 Ciudad de México, México 2003 Santos, Brazil 2005 Iguazu, Argentina 2007 Cuzco, Peru 2009 Santiago, Chile 2011 Quito, Ecuador 2013 Montevideo, Uruguay 2015 Medellin, Colombia (IUPAP support cat.B) 2017 Havana, Cuba

Scope: the dissemination of the major theoretical and experimental advances in the field of nuclear science and its applications. . th "The 11 Latin American Symposium on

Nuclear Physics and Applications"

• The Symposium was held on Nov. 30 – Dec. 4, 2015 in Medellín, Colombia.

• The symposium was preceded by a School on Medical Physics, on November 27-28, 2015.

• The symposium was supported by IUPAP as Category B

Local Organizing Committee • Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá • Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín • Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín • Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá XI LASNPA Conference Report

Name of IUPAP Commission * Countries participating C12. Nuclear Physics 28 Conference title * Particpants from outside the host country XI Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications 95 Location Number of members of the International organizing committee Medellin,Colombia 40 Start date Number of female members of the International organizing committee 29/11/2015 End Date 5 04/12/2015 Scientists from developing/disadvantaged countries receiving travel Name of organiser/contact person assistance Luis Fernando Cristancho 10 Phone number 311 228 3064 Amount of individual assistance Email 400 - 600 [email protected] Total funds used to support travel of scientists Website 5000 http://gfnun.unal.edu.co/xi-lasnpa/

Select a Choice New work: describe any new and important work that was presented at the Special conference. • Probing early universe particle physics with neutrons at the Institut Laue- Langevin, Attendees • The quest for an electric dipole moment of the neutron, 184 • Microscopic Description of 6He elastic scattering on heavy targets, Attendees giving invited papers Comments: Please provide any comments on IUPAP sponsorship from the 95 viewpoint of the organiser (e.g. problems that arose, timing of the availability Women participating of funds, communication with the secretariat, etc.) 50 The timing of availability of funds and communication with the secretariat were Women giving invited papers perfect 30

Women/attendees=50/184= 27% Women –invited paper/attendees invited paper= 32% MEXICO

List of events organized by Div. of Nuclear Physics in Mexico:

- XXXVIII Simposio de Física Nuclear, Hacienda Cocoyoc, 6-9 de enero de 2015

- XXXIX Simposio de Física Nuclear, Hacienda Cocoyoc, 5-8 de enero de 2016

- Programa de Estancias de Verano en el Extranjero, verano de 2016

- IX Escuela Mexicana de Fisica Nuclear, Mexico DF, 22 junio a 6 julio de 2015 Some highlights in Nuclear Physics research activities Brazil

Radioactive Ion Beams in Brazil (RIBRAS), unique in Latin America.

In-flight production of pure (99%) radioactive ion beams using 2 superconducting solenoids + degrader. Connected to 8MV Pelletron Tandem. Beams of 6He,8Li,7Be,8B,10Be,17,18F

Investment in new detectors (several strip detector telescopes), new electronics, new data acquisition New, position-sensitive neutron wall.

Program: Fusion reactions, break-up reactions, transfer reactions of astrophysical interest. Evolution of the RIBRAS system Cocktail beams

Purified beams

Neutron detector

New chamber for γ-detectors, on-line fusion measurements Argentina

20 MV Pelletron Tandem, stable beams, nuclear Reaction studies, fusion, break-up reactions.

Strong activity in Medical Physics: construction of a high intensity low-energy proton accelerator and a SPECT tomograph for accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT).

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Mexico

• Nuclear structure (symmetries, cluster models, nuclear masses, double b decay) T • Hadronic physics (LE QCD, quark models) T • Cosmic rays (Pyramid of the Sun, HAWC) E International collaborations: T, E – ALICE (IFUNAM, ICNUNAM, Cinvestav, BUAP, UAS) – Auger (ICNUNAM) – RIB ORNL, Notre Dame (IFUNAM, ICNUNAM) – LANL (IFUNAM)

• Medical physics (IFUNAM, ICNUNAM, School of Medicine UNAM, UAZ) E • Radiation physics E – RBS, PIXE, other techniques Venezuela Applications only - Promotion of the Latin American Environmental Radiation Network to draw a Regional Radiological Map. - New equipment for multiphase fluid monitoring in oilfield exploitation. - Geochronology (IAEA project VEN/2012 - Radiobiology Chile Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria – Valparaiso Theory: study of the origin of the proton spin. Neutrino physics. Analytical calculation of Feynman diagrams. Experimental: Activity at Jefferson Laboratory USA. Santiago : Applications

Colombia, Peru, Cuba: Applications Conclusions

• Next LASNPA - Havana Cuba, come over

• New facilities: BRM, SIRIUS (Brazil), High intensity accelerator for BNCT (Argentina)