Report on Latin-American Activities in Nuclear Physics Alinka Lépine-Szily Instituto de Física-USP São Paulo, Brazil IUPAP Working Group WG.9 AGM Adelaide Australia, September 11, 2016 ALAFNA http://www.alafna.net/ The “Association of Latin American Nuclear Physics and Applications” (ALANPA) was formed in Santiago, Chile on Dec. 19, 2009, by representatives of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. In Spanish is called “Asociación Latino Americana de Física Nuclear y Aplicaciones” ALAFNA In Portuguese is called “Associação Latino Americana de Física Nuclear e Aplicações” ALAFNA Chairs of ALAFNA, reelected in 2015 at Medellin: • Andrés Kreiner (Argentina) • Alinka Lépine-Szily (Brazil) Executive Board • Fernando Cristancho (Universidad Nacional, Bogotá) Colombia • Raul Donangelo (Universidad de la República, Montevideo), Uruguay • Paulo Gomes (Universidad Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro), Brasil • Andrés Kreiner (Tandar, CNEA, Buenos Aires), Argentina • Alinka Lépine-Szily (Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo), Brasil ALAFNA homepage is installed: www.alafna.net Next meeting of ALAFNA: together with next XII LASNPA, Nov. 2017 in Havana,Cuba Nuclear science installations in Latin America Research reactors: Argentina 6 in operation, 1 in construction CAREM • RA-0, built 1964, 0.01 kWt, tank type, owned and operated by Universidad Nacional de Cordoba • RA-1 built 1957, 40 kWt, tank type. • RA-2, built 1965, 0.03 kWt, critical assembly type (shut down on 1983/09/01) • RA-3, built 1963, 5,000 kWt, pool type. • RA-4 (former SUR-100), built 1971, HOMOG type, owned and operated by Universidad Nacional de Rosario • RA-6, built 1978, 500 kWt, pool type. • RA-8, built 1986, 0.01 kWt, critical assembly type • CAREM prototype 25 Mwe, under construction 2 October 2014, expected completion 2017. Brazil : 4 in operation • São Paulo – IEA-R1 – Pool-type reactor, 5MW – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, SP (criticality 1957-09-16) • Belo Horizonte – IPR-R1 – TRIGA Mark I, 250 kW - CDTN-Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, MG (criticality 1960-11-06) • Rio de Janeiro – ARGONAUTA – Argonaut class reactor, 100 kW – IEN-Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (criticality 1965-02-20) • São Paulo – IPEN/MB-01 – Critical assembly, 0.1 kW – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, SP (criticality 1988-11-09 Chile: : 2 in operation • RECH 1 – Pool-type reactor, 5 MWt MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1974) • RECH 2 – Pool-type reactor, 10 MWt MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1977, refurbished 1989) Colombia: 1 in operation • Bogotá – IAN-R1, 100 kW – TRIGA, Institute of Nuclear Science (installed in 1997 Mexico: 3 in operation • Mexico City - TRIGA Mark III, National Institute for Nuclear Research • Mexico City - National Polytechnic Institute - Subcritical research reactor • Zacatecas - Autonomous University of Zacatecas - Subcritical research reactor Peru: 2 in operation • RP-0 - Located in Lima, built by Argentine INVAP • RP-10 - Located in Huarangal built by Argentine INVAP Uruguay: no nuclear installation • URR reactor - A small pool-type research reactor placed in Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares (CIN). In operation since early '70 up to 1997 when it was dismantled and returned to United States due law of 1997 against use of nuclear energy in Uruguay. Venezuela: no nuclear installation • RV-1 pool-type reactor (shut down 1994) Nuclear power plants: Argentina : 3 in operation, 2 planned 10% of total energy production Reactor Capacity in MW Commercial Reactor Construction Clos Name Status operation No. Type Model Net Gross start date ure date PHWR AtuchaI 1 PHWR Operational 335 362 1 June 1968 24 June 1974 KWU 14 July 1981 PHWR (mothballed Atucha II 1 PHWR Operational 692 745 27 June 2014 KWU between 1994 and 2007) Atucha III 1 PHWR CANDU-6 Planned 800 2017 2025 Atucha IV [7] 1 PWR ACP-1000 Planned 1000 2019 Operation 20 January Embalse 1 PHWR CANDU-6 suspended for 600 648 1 April 1974 1984 maintenance[9] Argentina: autonomy in nuclear research reactor technology CNEA: Comissión Nacional de Energia Atomica INVAP: INVAP technology company of the state established in 1976 Develops multi-discipline technological projects in the nuclear, space, industrial services, medicine and education fields. INVAP has built several Nuclear Research Reactors as well as important parts of others, in Argentina, Peru, Algeria and Egypt. On July 2000 INVAP awarded international tender for the construction of a Replacement Research Reactor (OPAL) by ANSTO, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. Open Pool Australian Light-water reactor (OPAL) is a multipurpose facility particularly oriented toward radioisotope production, Power 20MW, Operational in November 2006 and inaugurated in April 2007. OPAL construction, inauguration Nuclear power plants: Brazil : 2 in operation, 1 in construction, 4 planned until 2025 4% of total energy production, 92% is hydroelectric. Reactor Capacity in MW Commerci Reactor Constructio al Name Status Closure no. Type Model Net Gross n start date operation date 1 January Angra 1 PWR WE-2 loops Operational 609 640 1 May 1971 1985 PRE 1 January 1 February Angra 2 PWR Operational 1275 1350 KONVOI 1976 2001 1984 (halted PRE Under in 1986, Angra 3 PWR 1245 1350 KONVOI construction restarted on 1 June 2010) ANGRA II ANGRA I ANGRA III Nuclear power plants: Mexico : 2 in operation, 4 planned until 2025 4% of total energy production Reactor Capacity in MW Constructi Commercial Reactor Name Status on Start Operation Closure No. Type Model Net Gross Date Date 1 October Laguna Verde 1 BWR BWR-5 Operational 665 700 29 July 1990 1976 1 June Laguna Verde 2 BWR BWR-5 Operational 665 700 10 April 1995 1977 New nuclear science installations planned in Brazil 1. RMB - Reator Multipropósito Brasileiro RMB : medical radioisotope production (99Mo, 2.5 x consumption) irradiation tests of advanced nuclear fuel/materials, neutron beam research, material research Power: 30 MW, Cost: U$ 500 M ; Local: Iperó, SP; 2018 (?) Construction: INVAP (Argentina, OPAL type) Nuclear technology firm Invap will construct two research reactors, one in Brazil and one in Argentina, under a contract signed with the two countries. The new Argentine and Brazilian reactors will provide capacity to supply 40% of global radioisotope demand. Power of some research reactors Age of reactors producing 99Mo New accelerator science installations in construction in Brazil LNLS: Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sincrotron -UVX Campinas,SP,Brazil UVX- designed in 1983, entirely built in Brazil, became operational 14 years later, in 1997. Unique in Latin America. UVX Accelerator Parameters: Storage Ring: Energy 1.37 GeV Injection energy 500 MeV Beam current 250 mA Circumference 93.2 m Average 29.7 m diameter 1500 Researchers use regularly, 17% from Argentina. - Schedule - Building construction started in December 2014 – 40 months - In September 2017 starts assembly of accelerators - July 2018 – First beam (commissioning starts) - Assembly of the 13 Phase 1 beamlines – from 2018 throughout 2020 - Open to users in 2019 Cost R$ 1,3 B = US$ 400 M Sirius, the new Brazilian synchrotron light source, will be the largest and most complex scientific infrastructure ever built in the country. It is designed to place Brazil amongst the leadership in the generation of synchrotron light, since it is planned to be one of the first 4th generation light sources and one of the brightest in its energy class. Natural emi+ance of some Light Sources Regis Neuenschwander – IPAC 2015 4th generation! BEAMLINES Sirius will be able to have ~ 40 beamlines First phase – 13 beamlines Sophisticated experimental stations - Fourth Generation Storage Ring - Many technological challenges – in house solutions! International Recognition • Executive project concluded – 2012-2014 • Civil engineering challenges – stability (most sophisticated floor ever built in Brazil) • Building total area - 68.000 m2 Landwork – finished first semester of 2014 October 2014 Special floor to minimize effects of vibration Machine Installaon Timeline Beamline Installaon Building Construc/on Start Building Complete 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 100 mA 20 mA 350 mA Due to recent political and economical crisis in Brazil: Important reduction in investment in science. However RMB and SIRIUS projects seem not to be delayed New accelerator science installations in construction in Argentina CNEA - Accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Slides from Andres Kreiner - CNEA Slide of Andres Kreiner The development of a high current (10 mA) Electrostatic Quadrupole Accelerator intended for neutron production, BNCT and other applications is finalized. It is a small machine, but is modular, working on a larger one. Start the construction of an Accelerator Development Lab where the bigger machine will be installed which could become also a facility for BNCT clinical trials. Remeasurement of some neutron producing reactions like 9Be(d,n) and significant progress in the development of high power neutron production targets. Conferences, symposia, summer schools in 2015-2017 Latin American Symposia on Nuclear Physics and Applications (LASNPA) 1995 Caracas, Venezuela 1997 Caracas, Venezuela 1999 San Andrés, Colombia 2001 Ciudad de México, México 2003 Santos, Brazil 2005 Iguazu, Argentina 2007 Cuzco, Peru 2009 Santiago, Chile 2011 Quito, Ecuador 2013