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Contributions to the Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies

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Contributions to the Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES Prepared under the Direction of THOMAS WAYLAND VAUGHAN Published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington [> ' Washington,fc'1919 A 4U I OSS' CARNEGIE INSTITUTION QF WASHINGTON Publication No. 291 PRESS OF GIBSON BROTHERS, INC. WASHINGTON, D. C. CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction by Thomas Wayland Vaughan 5 Tertiary Calcareous Algae from the Islands of Saint Bartholomew, Antigua, and Anguilla, by Marshall A. Howe 9 Fossil Foraminifera from the West Indies, by Joseph Augustine Cushman 21 Fossil Bryozoa from the West Indies, by Ferdinand Canu and R. S. Bassler 73 Tertiary Mollusks from the Leeward Islands and Cuba, by Charles Wythe Cooke 103 West Indian Tertiary Decapod Crustaceans, by Mary J. Rathbun 157 3 INTMDUCTION. By Thomas Wayland Vaughan. INTRODUCTION. The series of memoirs contained in the present volume has resulted from a minor grant made to me by the Carnegie Institution of Wash- ington in the autumn of 1913 for the study of the stratigraphic geology and of the fossil corals and associated organisms in several of the smaller West Indian Islands and from the authority given me by the Director of the United States Geological Survey to make the investigations as a part of my official work. The objects of these studies were stated in 1 my first progress report, as follows: (1) To study the stratigraphic geology of the islands, and to make paleon- tologic collections with special reference to the stratigraphic occurrence of the fossils, so as to establish a proper basis for correlating the geologic formations in the islands with those of the southeastern United States and Panama. (2) To make additional collections of fossil corals in order to present a more comprehensive and exact account of the successive coral faunas antecedent to the living fauna than was possible with the material already available, and thus trace the history of the development of the coral faunas through Tertiary time up to and including the Recent fauna. (3) To study the physiography of the islands in order to get a basis for making deductions as to how the conditions were brought about under which the living coral reefs were formed. I left Washington during the latter part of January 1914, and spent the month of February and most of March in the islands of Antigua, Saint Bartholomew, Anguilla, Saint Martin, and Saint Christopher. While engaged in field work I received a great deal of help from the officials of the respective islands and will particularly mention Sir H. Hesketh Bell, then governor of the Leeward Islands, and T. L. Rox- borough, then administrator of Saint Christopher. Rather large collec- tions of fossils resulted from my efforts and they have now been com- pletely or almost completely described and illustrated. Five papers are herewith presented; my own account of the fossil coral faunas is almost finished ; Dr. Robert T. Jackson has nearly completed his memoir on the fossil echinoids; and Dr. Paul Bartsch intends to submit a paper on the fossil and living land Mollusca of the Leeward and Virgin Islands. The accompanying papers and those nearly complete supply the foundation for the correlation of the different geologic events in the West Indies, and they will be followed by descriptions of local geologic details and an account of the general development of the region, in correlation with the geologic events that were taking place in the southeastern United States and Central America. Most of the manu- script relating to local details and geologic interpretation is already written and might have been complete had the entrance of the United States into the World War not necessitated diversion to other duties. 1 Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book No. 13, p. 358, 1915. 7 8 INTRODUCTION. Since my return from the West Indies in 1914, I have either based several papers on the results of my work there or have utilized those results in connection with other papers. The following is the list: Papers by Thomas Wayland Vaughan containing results of his West Indian Expedition in 1914. The platforms of barrier coral reefs. Am. Geog. Soe. Bull., vol. 46, pp. 426-429, 1914. Study of the stratigraphic geology and of the fossil corals and associated organisms in several of the smaller West Indian Islands [progress report]. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book No. 13, 1914, pp. 358-360, 1915. Coral reefs and reef corals of the southeastern United States, their geologic history and their significance. Abstract, Science, new ser., vol. 41, pp. 508-509, Apr. 2, 1915; Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 26, pp. 58-60, 1915. Introductory remarks to symposium on the factors producing changes in position of strand line during Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene. Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., vol. 5, pp. 444-445, June 19, 1915. 1 [Resume of the present, status of geologic correlation of the Cretaceous and Tertiary for- mations of the Antilles.] Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., vol. 5, p. 489, July 19, 1915. Memorandum on the geology of the ground waters of the island of Antigua, British West Indies. West Indian Bull., vol. 14, No. 4, 4J pp. and map, 1915. Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies. Present status of the investigation of the origin of barrier coral reefs. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 41, pp. 131-135, January 1916. Some littoral and sublittoral physiographic features of the Virgin and Northern Leeward Islands and their bearing on the coral-reef problem. Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., vol. 6, No. 3, February 4, 1916; Abstract, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 41-45, March 1916. Study of the stratigraphic geology and of the fossil corals and associated organisms in several of the smaller West Indian Islands [progress report], Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book No. 14, pp. 368-373, 1916. The corals and coral reefs of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Read before Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., in cooperation with the Pan-American Congress. Abstract, Science, new ser., vol. 43, pp. 250-251, February 18, 1916. Study of the stratigraphic geology and of the fossil corals' and associated organisms in several of the smaller West Indian Islands [progress report]. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book No. 15, p. 359, 1917. The reef-coral fauna of Carrizo Creek, San Diego County, California, and its significance. U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 98-T, pp. 355-386, pis. 92-102, text-figs. 43-46, 1917. Abstract, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 28, No. 1, p. 200, March 1917. Study of the stratigraphic geology and of the fossil corals and associated organisms in several of the smaller West Indian Islands [progress report]. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book No. 16, p. 319, 1918. Correlation of the Tertiary formations of the southeastern United States, Central America, and the West Indies. Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., vol. 8, pp. 268-276, May 1918. Fossil corals from Central America, Cuba, and Porto Rico, with an account of the American Tertiary, Pleistocene, and Recent coral reefs. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, pp. 189-523, pis. 68-152, 22 text-figs., 1919. The biologic character and geologic correlation of the sedimentary formations of Panama, in their relation to the geologic history of Central America and the West Indies. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, pp. 547-612, 1919. Corals and the formation of coral reefs. Smithsonian Inst. Ann. Rept., 1917, pp. 189-238 37 pis., 16 text-figs, 1919. I wish here to record my thanks to President Woodward, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and to Dr. George Otis Smith, the Director, and Dr. David White, the Chief Geologist, of the United States Geological Survey, for the support they have given these inves- tigations. It also gives me pleasure to express my deep appreciation of the efforts of my scientific colleagues in making proper studies of the rather large collections that I was so fortunate as to assemble. TERTIARY CALCAREOUS ALGAE FROM THE ISLANDS OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW, ANTIGUA, AND ANGUILLA. By Mabshall A. Howe. With six plates. TERTIARY CALCAREOUS ALGJE FROM THE ISLANDS OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW, ANTIGUA, AND ANGUILLA. By Marshall A. Howe. The present paper contains descriptions and illustrations of the fossil calcareous algae collected in February and March 1914, by Dr. T. W. Vaughan, in the Eocene St. Bartholomew limestone of the island of St. Bartholomew, the middle Oligocene Antigua formation of the island of Antigua, and the upper Oligocene Anguilla formation of the island of Anguilla. ALGJE. Class RHODOPHYCEiE. Family CORALLINACE^. Genus ARCH^OLITHOTHAMNIUM Rothpletz. Archaeolithothamnium afflne, new species. (Plate 4, Figure 1; Plate 5.) The following is a description of this species: Thallus terete or slightly flattened, 3 cm. (or more?) long, 3.5 to 6.0 mm. in diameter (8 mm. at a dichotomy), somewhat divaricately dichotomous, more or less sinuous and nodose, the apices broad and rounded-obtuse or subacute; medullary hypothallium zonate, its cells mostly 16 to 30 n by 8 to 13 p, transi- tion to the perithallium gradual; peritballium more or less distinctly zonate, its cells 8 to 26 n by 8 to 13 /*, often about 14 n high and 12 n broad; sporangia! sori becoming overgrown and embedded, the sporangial cavities elliptic-oval in longitudinal section, 55 to 78 n high and 27 to 46 /* broad. In the Carlisle marl pit (Oligocene, lower part of Antigua forma- tion), on slope just above the level of the central plain, Antigua, West Indies, T. W. Vaughan, station No. 6873 (type), February 10, 1914; also .at McKinnon's (Oligocene, Antigua formation), Antigua, T. W. Vaughan, No. 6888, March 1914. The latter of the two specimens is partially embedded, but the former (plate 4) is free.
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