Morphogenetic Gradients in Graptolites and Bryozoans
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Bryozoan Studies 2019
BRYOZOAN STUDIES 2019 Edited by Patrick Wyse Jackson & Kamil Zágoršek Czech Geological Survey 1 BRYOZOAN STUDIES 2019 2 Dedication This volume is dedicated with deep gratitude to Paul Taylor. Throughout his career Paul has worked at the Natural History Museum, London which he joined soon after completing post-doctoral studies in Swansea which in turn followed his completion of a PhD in Durham. Paul’s research interests are polymatic within the sphere of bryozoology – he has studied fossil bryozoans from all of the geological periods, and modern bryozoans from all oceanic basins. His interests include taxonomy, biodiversity, skeletal structure, ecology, evolution, history to name a few subject areas; in fact there are probably none in bryozoology that have not been the subject of his many publications. His office in the Natural History Museum quickly became a magnet for visiting bryozoological colleagues whom he always welcomed: he has always been highly encouraging of the research efforts of others, quick to collaborate, and generous with advice and information. A long-standing member of the International Bryozoology Association, Paul presided over the conference held in Boone in 2007. 3 BRYOZOAN STUDIES 2019 Contents Kamil Zágoršek and Patrick N. Wyse Jackson Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Caroline J. Buttler and Paul D. Taylor Review of symbioses between bryozoans and primary and secondary occupants of gastropod -
From the Ordovician (Darriwillian) of Morocco
Palaeogeographic implications of a new iocrinid crinoid (Disparida) from the Ordovician (Darriwillian) of Morocco Samuel Zamora1, Imran A. Rahman2 and William I. Ausich3 1 Instituto Geologico´ y Minero de Espana,˜ Zaragoza, Spain 2 School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 3 School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States ABSTRACT Complete, articulated crinoids from the Ordovician peri-Gondwanan margin are rare. Here, we describe a new species, Iocrinus africanus sp. nov., from the Darriwilian-age Taddrist Formation of Morocco. The anatomy of this species was studied using a combination of traditional palaeontological methods and non-destructive X-ray micro-tomography (micro-CT). This revealed critical features of the column, distal arms, and aboral cup, which were hidden in the surrounding rock and would have been inaccessible without the application of micro-CT. Iocrinus africanus sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of seven to thirteen tertibrachials, three in-line bifurcations per ray, and an anal sac that is predominantly unplated or very lightly plated. Iocrinus is a common genus in North America (Laurentia) and has also been reported from the United Kingdom (Avalonia) and Oman (middle east Gondwana). Together with Merocrinus, it represents one of the few geographically widespread crinoids during the Ordovician and serves to demonstrate that faunal exchanges between Laurentia and Gondwana occurred at this time. This study highlights the advantages of using both conventional -
Conodonts in Ordovician Biostratigraphy
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia 1 Conodonts in Ordovician biostratigraphy STIG M. BERGSTRÖM AND ANNALISA FERRETTI Conodonts in Ordovician biostratigraphy The long time interval after Pander’s (1856) original conodont study can in terms of Ordovician conodont biostratigraphic research be subdivided into three periods, namely the Pioneer Period (1856-1955), the Transition Period (1955-1971), and the Modern Period (1971-Recent). During the pre-1920s, the few published conodont investigations were restricted to Europe and North America and were not concerned about the potential use of conodonts as guide fossils. Although primarily of taxonomic nature, the pioneer studies by Branson & Mehl, Stauffer, and Furnish during the 1930s represent the beginning of the use of conodonts in Ordovician biostratigraphy. However, no formal zones were introduced until Lindström (1955) proposed four conodont zones in the Lower Ordovician of Sweden, which marks the end of the Pioneer Period. Because Lindström’s zone classification was not followed by similar work outside Baltoscandia, the time interval up to the late 1960s can be regarded as a Transition Period. A milestone symposium volume, entitled ‘Conodont Biostratigraphy’ and published in 1971, 2 summarized much new information on Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy and is taken as the beginning of the Modern Period of Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy. In this volume, the Baltoscandic Ordovician was subdivided into named conodont zones whereas the North American Ordovician succession was classified into a series of lettered or numbered Faunas. Although most of the latter did not receive zone names until 1984, this classification has been used widely in North America. -
Growth Geometry and Measurement of Growth Rates in Marine Bryozoans: a Review
BRYOZOAN STUDIES 2019 Growth geometry and measurement of growth rates in marine bryozoans: a review Abigail M. Smith1* and Marcus M. Key, Jr.2 1 Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand [*corresponding author: email: [email protected]] 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Dickinson College, P.O. Box 1773, Carlisle, PA 17013-2896, USA ABSTRACT measuring and reporting growth rate in bryozoans The relationship between age and size in colonial will ensure they are robust and comparable. marine organisms is problematic. While growth of individual units may be measured fairly easily, the growth of colonies can be variable, complex, and INTRODUCTION difficult to measure. We need this information in Bryozoans are lophophorate aquatic invertebrates order to manage and protect ecosystems, acquire which typically form colonies by iterative addition bioactive compounds, and understand the history of of modular clones (zooids). Freshwater species environmental change. Bryozoan colonial growth are uncalcified; the majority of marine species are forms, determined by the pattern of sequential calcified, so that there is an extensive fossil record of addition of zooids or modules, enhance feeding, marine bryozoan colonies. When calcified colonies colony integration, strength, and/or gamete/larval grow large, they can provide benthic structures dispersal. Colony age varies from three months to which enhance biodiversity by provision of sheltered 86 years. Growth and development, including both habitat. Agencies who wish to manage or protect addition of zooids and extrazooidal calcification, these productive habitats need to understand the can be linear, two-dimensional across an area, or longevity and stability of these structures. -
Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of the Brachiopod Terebratulina Retusa Places Brachiopoda Within the Protostomes
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12415870 Analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa places Brachiopoda within the protostomes Article in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · November 1999 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1999.0885 · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 83 50 2 authors, including: Martin Schlegel University of Leipzig 151 PUBLICATIONS 2,931 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Rare for a reason? Scale-dependence of factors influencing rarity and diversity of xylobiont beetles View project Bat diversity and vertical niche activity in the fluvial flood forest Leipzig View project All content following this page was uploaded by Martin Schlegel on 22 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa places Brachiopoda within the protostomes Alexandra Stechmann* and Martin Schlegel UniversitÌt Leipzig, Institut fÏr Zoologie/Spezielle Zoologie,Talstr. 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Brachiopod phylogeny is still a controversial subject. Analyses using nuclear 18SrRNA and mitochondrial 12SrDNA sequences place them within the protostomes but some recent interpretations of morphological data support a relationship with deuterostomes. In order to investigate brachiopod a¤nities within the metazoa further,we compared the gene arrangement on the brachiopod mitochondrial genome with several metazoan taxa. The complete (15 451bp) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of the articulate brachiopod Terebratulina retusa was determined from two overlapping long polymerase chain reaction products. All the genes are encoded on the same strand and gene order comparisons showed that only one major rearrangement is required to interconvert the T.retusa and Katharina tunicata (Mollusca: Polyplaco- phora) mitochondrial genomes. -
ORDOVICIAN to RECENT Edited by Claus Nielsen & Gilbert P
b r y o z o a : ORDOVICIAN TO RECENT Edited by Claus Nielsen & Gilbert P. Larwood BRYOZOA: ORDOVICIAN TO RECENT EDITED BY CLAUS NIELSEN & GILBERT P. LARWOOD Papers presented at the 6th International Conference on Bryozoa Vienna 1983 OLSEN & OLSEN, FREDENSBORG 1985 International Bryozoology Association dedicates this volume to the memory of MARCEL PRENANT in recognition o f the importance of his studies on Bryozoa Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent is published by Olsen & Olsen, Helstedsvej 10, DK-3480 Fredensborg, Denmark Copyright © Olsen & Olsen 1985 ISBN 87-85215-13-9 The Proceedings of previous International Bryozoology Association conferences are published in volumes of papers as follows: Annoscia, E. (ed.) 1968. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Bryozoa. - Atti. Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 108: 4-377. Larwood, G.P. (cd.) 1973. Living and Fossil Bryozoa — Recent Advances in Research. — Academic Press (London). 634 pp. Pouyet, S. (ed.) 1975. Brvozoa 1974. Proc. 3rd Conf. I.B.A. - Docums Lab. Geol. Fac. Sci. Lvon, H.S. 3:1-690. Larwood, G.P. & M.B. Abbott (eds) 1979. Advances in Bryozoology. - Systematics Association, Spec. 13: 1-639. Academic Press (London). Larwood, G. P. «S- C. Nielsen (eds) 1981. Recent and Fossil Bryozoa. - Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark. 334 pp. Printed by Olsen £? Olsen CONTENTS Preface........................................................................................................................... viii Annoscia, Enrico: Bryozoan studies in Italy in the last decade: 1973 to 1982........ 1 Bigey, Françoise P.: Biogeography of Devonian Bryozoa ...................................... 9 Bizzarini, Fabrizio & Giampietro Braga: Braiesopora voigti n. gen. n.sp. (cyclo- stome bryozoan) in the S. Cassiano Formation in the Eastern Alps ( Italy).......... 25 Boardman, Richards. -
Hemichordate Phylogeny: a Molecular, and Genomic Approach By
Hemichordate Phylogeny: A molecular, and genomic approach by Johanna Taylor Cannon A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 4, 2014 Keywords: phylogeny, evolution, Hemichordata, bioinformatics, invertebrates Copyright 2014 by Johanna Taylor Cannon Approved by Kenneth M. Halanych, Chair, Professor of Biological Sciences Jason Bond, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Leslie Goertzen, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Scott Santos, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Abstract The phylogenetic relationships within Hemichordata are significant for understanding the evolution of the deuterostomes. Hemichordates possess several important morphological structures in common with chordates, and they have been fixtures in hypotheses on chordate origins for over 100 years. However, current evidence points to a sister relationship between echinoderms and hemichordates, indicating that these chordate-like features were likely present in the last common ancestor of these groups. Therefore, Hemichordata should be highly informative for studying deuterostome character evolution. Despite their importance for understanding the evolution of chordate-like morphological and developmental features, relationships within hemichordates have been poorly studied. At present, Hemichordata is divided into two classes, the solitary, free-living enteropneust worms, and the colonial, tube- dwelling Pterobranchia. The objective of this dissertation is to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of Hemichordata using multiple datasets. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to Hemichordata and outlines the objectives for the dissertation research. Chapter 2 presents a molecular phylogeny of hemichordates based on nuclear ribosomal 18S rDNA and two mitochondrial genes. In this chapter, we suggest that deep-sea family Saxipendiidae is nested within Harrimaniidae, and Torquaratoridae is affiliated with Ptychoderidae. -
Diversity and Distribution of Adeonid Bryozoans (Cheilostomata: Adeonidae)
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: European Journal of Taxonomy Jahr/Year: 2016 Band/Volume: 0203 Autor(en)/Author(s): Hirose Masato Artikel/Article: Diversity and distribution of adeonid bryozoans (Cheilostomata: Adeonidae) in Japanese waters 1-41 European Journal of Taxonomy 203: 1–41 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.203 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2016 · Hirose M. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:325E4EF8-78F9-49D0-82AF-4C358B24F7F8 Diversity and distribution of adeonid bryozoans (Cheilostomata: Adeonidae) in Japanese waters Masato HIROSE Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan. Email: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C6C49C49-B4DF-46B9-97D7-79DE2C942214 Abstract. Adeonid bryozoans construct antler-like erect colonies and are common in bryozoan assemblages along the Japanese Pacifi c coast. The taxonomy of Japanese adeonid species, however, has not been studied since their original descriptions more than 100 years ago. In the present study, adeonid specimens from historical collections and material recently collected along the Japanese coast are examined. Eight adeonid species in two genera were detected, of which Adeonella jahanai sp. nov., Adeonellopsis parvirostrum sp. nov., and Adeonellopsis toyoshioae sp. nov. are described as new species based on the branch width, size and morphology of frontal or suboral avicularia, shape and size of areolar pores, and size of the spiramen. Adeonellopsis arculifera (Canu & Bassler, 1929) is a new record for Japan. -
MODE of LIFE of GRAPTOLITES Much of the Substance of This Paper
ACT A PALAEON.TOLOGICA POLONICA Vol. 23 1978 No.4 / .. NANCY HARTSHORNE KIRK MODE OF LIFE OF GRAPTOLITES Abstract. - The probable mode of life of the graptol,ites (crustoids, dendroids and graptoloids) is reconstructed from a, logical interpretation of their rhabdosomal structures. The readaptation of sessile colonial organisms to meet the requirements of a freely-moving existence in the plankton is regarded as the controlling factor in the evolution of the graptoloids. It is suggested that the gradual reduction in the size of the colony in the dicho graptids, biserial and uniserial graptoloids may have been a consequence of the undesirability of coloniality in the new environment, and that the graptoloids might have attained individuality, disappea):'ing into the plankton at t e time of their sup- posed extinction. .. Much of the substance of this paper was read to the Symposium on Coloniality at Durham (Systematics Association) in 1976 and should be published shortly. This version contains some new ideas, however, and also many digressions to discuss points of outstanding disagreement. Since the broad outline of my theme will be familiar to graptolitologists, as was not the case for the Systemahcs Association, I trust that the digres sions will be of use and interest in themselves, and, placed in parentheses, will not obscure too much my main argument. !tis generally believed that crustoids were encrusting, and the dend roids attached benthonic colonies. Their coloniality may have been an adaptation to the benthonic.habit, which could have arisen by failure of asexually budded zooids to separate from the' parent. By forming en crusting or tree-like' colonies small, zooids of comparatively simple orga nisation would have, been able to establish !hemselves upon the crowded sea floor and avoid being overtropped by competitors. -
TREBALLS 1 DEL MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA Illustrated Keys for The,Classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa
/ AJUNTAMENT DE BARCELONA TREBALLS 1 DEL MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA Illustrated keys for the,classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa M. Zabala & P. Maluquer 1 BARCELONA 1988 NÚMERO 4 Drawing of the cover: Scrupocellaria reptans (Linnaeus), part of a branch with bran- ched scutum, ovicells, frontal avicularia and lateral vibracula. Treb. Mus. 2001. Barcelona. 4. 1988 Illustrated keys for the classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa Consell de Redacció: O. Escola, R. Nos, A. Ornedes, C. Prats i F. Uribe. Assessor científic: P. Hayward M. ZABALA, Dcpt. de Ecologia, Fac. de Biologia, Univcrsitat de Barcelona, Diagonal, 645 08028 Barcelona. P. MALUQUER, Dept. de Biologia Animal, Fac. de Biologia, Lniversitat de Barcelona, Diagonal, 645 08028 Barcelona. Edita: Museu de Zoologia, Ajuntament de Barcelona Parc de la Ciutadclla, Ap. de Correus 593,08003 -Barcelona O 1987, Museu de Zoologia, Ajuntament de Barcelona ISBN: 84-7609-240-7 Depósito legal: B. 28.708-1988 Exp. ~0058-8k'-Impremta Municipal Composición y fotolitos: Romargraf, S.A. FOREWORD Bryozoansare predominantly marine, invertebrate animals whose curious and often attractive forms have long excited the interest of naturalists. In past times they were regarded as plants, and the plant- !ike appearance of some species was later formalized in the term "zoophyte", which also embraced the hydroids and a few other enigmatic animal groups. As "corallines" they were considered to be close to the Cnidaria, while "moss animals" neatly described the appearance of a feeding colony. Establishing their animal nature did not resolve the question of systematic affinity. It is only comparatively recently that Bryozoa have been accepted as a phylum in their own right, although an early view of them as for- ming a single phylogenetic unit, the Lophophorata, with the sessile, filter-feeding brachiopods and pho- ronids, still persists. -
Graptolitos Del Ordovícico Y Geología De Los Afloramientos Del Río Venado (Norte Del Departamento Del Huila)
Boletín de Geología Vol. 30, N° 1, enero - junio de 2008 GRAPTOLITOS DEL ORDOVÍCICO Y GEOLOGÍA DE LOS AFLORAMIENTOS DEL RÍO VENADO (NORTE DEL DEPARTAMENTO DEL HUILA) Mario Moreno Sánchez1,2 ; Arley de Jesus Gómez Cruz1,3; Hardany Castillo González1,4 RESUMEN Una fauna fósil de graptolitos compuesta principalmente por Phyllograptus (s.l.) ssp. Fue recolectada de las secuencias del Río Venado. Los restos encontrados en Shales grises sugieren un rango de edad Floiano-Darriwiliano. Como es sugerido por las similitudes faunísticas de las secuencias de Paleozoico Temprano de Colombia, estas fueron acumuladas sobre un margen pasivo que estuvo conectado con las plataformas peruanas, bolivianas y argentinas. Adicionalmente, según los nuevos datos presentados, la nomenclatura estratigráfica usada para el Paleozoico Inferior del río Venado deberá ser enmendada. Palabras clave: Graptolitos, Phyllograptus, Pseudophyllograptus, Ordovícico, Formación Venado. EARLY ORDOVICIAN GRAPTOLITE AND GEOLOGY OF THE OUTCROPS OF VENADO RIVER (HUILA REGION) ABSTRACT A graptolite faunal, composed dominantly by the genus Phyllograptus (s.l.) ssp., was recovered from the Venado River sequences. The remains, found in grey shales, suggest a Floian-Darriwilian age. As it is suggested by faunal similarities, Early Paleozoic sequences of Colombia were deposited on a passive margin that was connected with Peruvian, Bolivian and Argentinean platform. Furthermore, on the basis of these new data, it is found that stratigraphy nomenclature currently used for the Early Paleozoic -
The Position of Graptolites Within Lower Palaeozoic Planktic Ecosystems
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Birkbeck Institutional Research Online The position of graptolites within Lower Palaeozoic planktic ecosystems Charlie J. Underwood An integrated approach has been used to assess the palaeoecology of graptolites both as a discrete group and also as a part of the biota present within Ordovician and Silurian planktic realms. Study of the functional morphology of graptolites and comparisons with recent ecological analogues demonstrates that graptolites most probably filled a variety of niches as primary consumers, with modes of life related to the colony morphotype. Graptolite coloniality was extremely ordered, lacking any close morphological analogues in Recent faunas. To obtain maximum functional efficiency, graptolites would have needed varying degrees of coordinated automobility. A change in lifestyle related to ontogenetic changes was prevalent within many graptolite groups. Differing lifestyle was reflected by differing reproductive strategies, with synrhabdosomes most likely being a method for rapid asexual reproduction. Direct evidence in the form of graptolithophage 'coprolitic' bodies, as well as indirect evidence in the form of probable defensive adaptations, indicate that graptolites comprised a food item for a variety of predators. Graptolites were also hosts to a variety of parasitic organisms and provided an important nutrient source for scavenging organisms. KEY WORDS; Feeding, graptolites, hydrodynamics, ontogeny, parasitism, palaeoecology, plankton, predation. Charlie.J. Underwood, Department of Geology,University of Bristol,Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol, BS81RJ, England. May 27, 1992. Graptolitic ecogroups. Within Ordovician and Silurian rocks the benthic ecogroups or assemblages which characterize shelf sediments are well documented (e.g. Cocks & McKerrow 1978a, b; Ziegler et al.