152 Eryngium Campestre L

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152 Eryngium Campestre L Javier Blasco-Zumeta FLORA DE PINA DE EBRO Y SU COMARCA. FAMILIA UMBELLIFERAE 152 Eryngium campestre L. CLAVES DE DETERMINACIÓN Familia Umbelliferae Hojas con frecuencia lobuladas o divididas, ge- neralmente envolventes. A veces con perianto simple o ausente; si está presente, entonces flores con 6 pétalos o menos, libres o ligeramente soldados en la base. Las flores están en pedúnculos que arrancan de un mismo punto y alcanzan la misma altura (umbela). Flores con gineceo ínfero y menos de 10 estam- bres. Frutos secos, que se separan en dos partes en la madurez. Género Eryngium Plantas con hojas y brácteas del involucro espi- Miralrío, Gelsa (02/07/2013) nosas. Flores formando capítulos hemisféricos de color Eryngium campestre L. verdoso o azulado. NOMBRE VULGAR Eryngium campestre Cardo corredor Planta de color verde claro. Hojas y brácteas coriáceas. DESCRIPCIÓN Hojas inferiores no abrazadoras al tallo. 20-50 cm. Hierba espinosa con tallos blanqueci- nos muy ramificados en la parte superior; hojas coriáceas, las basales muy divididas con lóbulos espinosos, las superiores con peciolo alado y vaina que abraza al tallo; capítulos globosos; brácteas rigidas y lanceoladas; sépalos rigidos, sin reborde membranaceo; mericarpos densa- mente cubiertos de escamas lanceoladas. CLAVES DE DETERMINACIÓN División Spermatophyta Con flores; reproducción por semillas. Subdivisión Angiospermae Flores con ovarios o estambres o ambas cosas a la vez. Flores generalmente con cáliz y corola. Con semillas contenidas en frutos. Subclase Dicotyledones Semillas con dos cotiledones. Hojas con nervios ramificados. Parte externa de la flor con piezas florales con E. campestre . Detalle de hojas y brácteas un número de divisiones que no es tres ni múlti- coriáceas y de color verde claro. plo de tres. ESPECIES SIMILARES El color verde claro, las hojas inferiores no abrazadoras y las hojas y brácteas coriáceas di- ferencian a esta especie de las demás del género Eryngium. [email protected] http://blascozumeta.com http://monteriza.com/ Página 1 Javier Blasco-Zumeta FLORA DE PINA DE EBRO Y SU COMARCA. FAMILIA UMBELLIFERAE 152 Eryngium campestre L. DISTRIBUCIÓN FAUNA ASOCIADA Europa, norte de África y suroeste de Asia. Pre- Ensina sonchi (Diptera). Barrido sente en toda la Comarca. Eridontomerus algiricus (Hymenoptera). Barri- do HÁBITAT Y FENOLOGÍA Eristalis tenax (Diptera). Barrido Propia de pastos secos, orillas de caminos, culti- Euderus albitarsis (Hymenoptera). Barrido vos abandonados o eriales, tanto en ambientes Eumenes dubius (Hymenoptera). Barrido de secano como de regadío. Florece desde junio Eumenes mediterraneus (Hymenoptera). Barri- hasta agosto. do Exosoma lusitanicum (Coleoptera). Barrido Gymnosoma rungsi (Diptera). Barrido RELACIONES FITOSOCIOLÓGICAS Hedychrum longicolle (Hymenoptera). Barrido Agropyro cristati-Lygeetum sparti Hedychrum rutilans (Hymenoptera). Barrido Helianthemetum squamati Hockeria unicolor (Hymenoptera). Barrido Lygeo sparti-Stipetum lagascae Holopyga ignicollis (Hymenoptera). Barrido Ononidetum tridentatae Leptometopa niveipennis (Diptera). Barrido Rosmarino officinali-Linetum suffruticosi Leptometopa rufifrons (Diptera). Barrido Salsolo vermiculatae-Artemisietum herba-albae Lygus adspersus (Prosorrhyncha). Barrido Salsolo vermiculatae-Peganetum harmalae Maccevethus caucasicus (Prosorrhyncha). Ba- Sideritetum cavanillesii rrido Suaedetum verae Meoneura subfreta (Diptera). Barrido Meria tripunctata (Hymenoptera). Barrido Mesopolobus laticornis (Hymenoptera). Barrido FAUNA ASOCIADA Mesopolobus maculipennis (Hymenoptera). Ancyrosoma leucogrammes (Prosorrhyncha). Barrido Planta nutricia Microdontomerus annulata (Hymenoptera). Euxoa mendelis (Lepidoptera). Planta nutricia Barrido Graphosoma semipunctatum (Prosorrhyncha). Myopotta pallipes (Diptera). Barrido Planta nutricia Necremnus artynes (Hymenoptera). Barrido Zygaena sarpedon (Lepidoptera). Planta nutri- Neochrysocharis formosa (Hymenoptera). Ba- cia rrido Ceratina callosa (Hymenoptera). En flores Norbanus meridionalis (Hymenoptera). Barrido Megachile apicalis (Hymenoptera). En flores Nysius graminicola (Prosorrhyncha). Barrido Nomioides minutissimus (Hymenoptera). En Orius niger (Prosorrhyncha). Barrido flores Ormyrus monegricus (Hymenoptera). Barrido Acanthiophilus helianthi (Diptera). Barrido Ormyrus orientalis (Hymenoptera). Barrido Adelphocoris lineolatus (Prosorrhyncha). Bar- Orsillus depressus (Prosorrhyncha). Barrido rido Orthotylus junipericola castellanus Antheminia absinthii (Prosorrhyncha). Barrido (Prosorrhyncha). Barrido Brachycarenus tigrinus (Prosorrhyncha). Barri- Oxycarenus pallens (Prosorrhyncha). Barrido do Pachyneuron formosum (Hymenoptera). Barri- Brachymeria femorata (Hymenoptera). Barrido do Brachymeria tibialis (Hymenoptera). Barrido Parochthiphila inconstans (Diptera). Barrido Catolaccus crassiceps (Hymenoptera). Barrido Pentacladia incertus (Hymenoptera). Barrido Colpa quinquecincta (Hymenoptera). Barrido Physiphora demandata (Diptera). Barrido Conops flavifrons (Diptera). Barrido Podagrion splendens (Hymenoptera). Barrido Conops rufiventris (Diptera). Barrido Podagrionella lichtensteini (Hymenoptera). Ba- Culicoides circumscriptus (Diptera). Barrido rrido Cylindromyia auriceps (Diptera). Barrido Polistes dominulus (Hymenoptera). Barrido Cyrtoptyx latipes (Hymenoptera). Barrido Proconura nigripes (Hymenoptera). Barrido Dasyhelea versicolor (Diptera). Barrido Psilochalcis rufitarsis (Hymenoptera). Barrido Dasytes nigropilosus (Coleoptera). Barrido Scolia erythrocephala (Hymenoptera). Barrido Deraeocoris serenus (Prosorrhyncha). Barrido Sepsis thoracica (Diptera). Barrido Dinarmus italicus (Hymenoptera). Barrido Elasmus platyedrae (Hymenoptera). Barrido [email protected] http://blascozumeta.com http://monteriza.com/ Página 2 Javier Blasco-Zumeta FLORA DE PINA DE EBRO Y SU COMARCA. FAMILIA UMBELLIFERAE 152 Eryngium campestre L. FAUNA ASOCIADA Sibinia arenariae (Coleoptera). Barrido Sibinia iberica (Coleoptera). Barrido Signiphora conjugalis (Hymenoptera). Barrido Sphaerophoria scripta (Diptera). Barrido Stenoselma nigrum (Hymenoptera). Barrido Stenoselma sp. (Hymenoptera). Barrido Tapinoma ambiguum (Hymenoptera). Barrido Terellia luteola (Diptera). Barrido Thyridanthrax sp. (Diptera). Barrido Zodion cinereum (Diptera). Barrido COMENTARIOS Y USOS Los farmacólogos de la antigüedad ya citaban las propiedades diuréticas de esta planta “la E. campestre . Detalle de hoja superior raíz, bebida, provoca el menstruo y la orina; abrazadora al tallo sana los torcijones del vientre y resuelve las ventosidades ”, efectos producidos por la saponi- na que contiene; se ha utilizado también el agua resultante del cocimiento de la raíz para relajar los pies cansados después de una larga camina- ta. La raíz y las hojas, recolectadas tiernas, son comestibles. Era común el uso de esta planta como amuleto protector y los soldados españo- les en las guerras carlistas del s. XIX lo llevaban en el bolsillo como tal; se colgaba también del techo de las cuadras para proteger a las caballe- rías. AGRADECIMIENTO José Vicente Ferrández Palacio (Monzón, Hues- ca) ha supervisado este trabajo. E. campestre . Detalle de hoja superior abrazadora al tallo GALERÍA FOTOGRÁFICA E. campestre . Detalle de hoja superior: haz E. campestre . Detalle del tallo [email protected] http://blascozumeta.com http://monteriza.com/ Página 3 Javier Blasco-Zumeta FLORA DE PINA DE EBRO Y SU COMARCA. FAMILIA UMBELLIFERAE 152 Eryngium campestre L. E. campestre . Detalle del rama con capítu- los en flor E. campestre . Detalle de hoja superior: en- vés E. campestre . Detalle de capítulo en flor E. campestre . Detalle de hoja inferior: haz E. campestre . Detalle de capítulo en flor E. campestre . Detalle de hoja inferior envés [email protected] http://blascozumeta.com http://monteriza.com/ Página 4 Javier Blasco-Zumeta FLORA DE PINA DE EBRO Y SU COMARCA. FAMILIA UMBELLIFERAE 152 Eryngium campestre L. E. campestre . Detalle de capítulo maduro E. campestre . Detalle de capítulo en flor E. campestre . Detalle de capítulo maduro E. campestre . Detalle de una bráctea del capítulo: parte anterior E. campestre . Detalle de capítulo maduro E. campestre . Detalle de una bráctea del capítulo: parte posterior E. campestre . Detalle de capítulo maduro [email protected] http://blascozumeta.com http://monteriza.com/ Página 5 Javier Blasco-Zumeta FLORA DE PINA DE EBRO Y SU COMARCA. FAMILIA UMBELLIFERAE 152 Eryngium campestre L. E. campestre . Detalle de capítulo maduro E. campestre . Detalle de capítulo maduro [email protected] http://blascozumeta.com http://monteriza.com/ Página 6 .
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