DOCSLIB.ORG

2.4.5 Probable Maximum Surge and Seiche Flooding

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2.4.5 Probable Maximum Surge and Seiche Flooding RS-002, “PROCESSING APPLICATIONS FOR EARLY SITE PERMITS” ATTACHMENT 2 2.4.5 PROBABLE MAXIMUM SURGE AND SEICHE FLOODING REVIEW RESPONSIBILITIES Primary - Mechanical and Civil Engineering Branch (EMEB) Secondary - None I. AREAS OF REVIEW In this section of the site safety assessment for an early site permit application, the hydrometeorological design basis is developed to determine the extent of flood protection required for safety-related systems for a nuclear power plant or plants of specified type that might be constructed on the proposed site. The areas of review include the characteristics of the assumed probable maximum hurricane or other probable maximum wind storms and the techniques, methodologies, and parameters used in the determination of the design surge and/or seiche. Antecedent water levels, storm tracks, methods of analysis, coincident wind- generated wave action and wave runup on safety-related structures, potential for wave oscillation at the natural periodicity, and the resultant design bases for surge and seiche flooding are also reviewed. II. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA The EMEB acceptance criteria for this section of this review standard are based on meeting the requirements of 10 CFR Parts 52 and 100 as they relate to evaluating the hydrologic characteristics of the site. Specific criteria necessary to meet the relevant hydrologic requirements of 10 CFR Parts 52 and 100 are as follows: Section 52.17(a) of 10 CFR Part 52 and Section 100.20(c) of 10 CFR Part 100 require that the site’s physical characteristics (including seismology, meteorology, geology, and hydrology) be taken into account when determining its acceptability for a nuclear power reactor. To satisfy the hydrologic requirements of 10 CFR Parts 52 and 100, the applicant’s safety assessment must contain a description of the surface and subsurface hydrologic characteristics of the region and an analysis of the potential for flooding due to surges or seiches. This description must be sufficient to assess the acceptability of the site and the potential for a surge or seiche to influence the design of structures, systems, and components important to safety for a nuclear power plant or plants of specified type that might be constructed on the proposed site. Meeting this requirement provides a level of assurance that structures, systems, and components important to safety for a nuclear power plant or plants of specified type that might be constructed on the proposed site could be designed to withstand the most severe flooding likely to occur as a result of storm surges or seiches. 2.4.5-1 Note: Though not required at the early site permit stage, the applicant for a combined license (COL) will need to demonstrate compliance with General Design Criterion 2 as it relates to structures, systems, and components important to safety being designed to withstand hurricanes and seiches. If it has been determined that surge and seiche flooding estimates are necessary to identify flood design bases, the applicant’s analysis will be considered complete and acceptable if the following areas are addressed and can be independently and comparably evaluated from the applicant’s submission. 1. All reasonable combinations of probable maximum hurricane, moving squall line, or other cyclonic wind storm parameters are investigated, and the most critical combination is selected for use in estimating a water level. 2. Models used in the evaluation are verified or have been previously approved by the staff. 3. Detailed descriptions of bottom profiles are provided (or are readily obtainable) to enable an independent staff estimate of surge levels. 4. Detailed descriptions of shoreline protection and safety-related facilities are provided to enable an independent staff estimate of wind-generated waves, runup, and potential erosion and sedimentation. 5. Ambient water levels, including tides and sea level anomalies, are estimated using NOAA and Corps of Engineers publications as described below. 6. Combinations of surge levels and waves that may be critical to design of a nuclear power plant or plants of specified type that might be constructed on the proposed site are considered, and adequate information is supplied to allow a determination that no adverse combinations have been omitted. 7. If Regulatory Guide 1.59, Position 2, is elected by the applicant, the design basis for flood protection of all safety-related facilities identified in Regulatory Guide 1.29 must be shown to be adequate in terms of time required for implementation of any emergency procedures. The applicant must also demonstrate that all potential flood situations that could negate the time and capability to initiate flood emergency procedures are provided for in the less severe design basis selected. This section of the safety assessment may also state with justification that surge and seiche flooding estimates are not necessary to identify the flood design basis (e.g., the site is not near a large body of water). Hydrometeorological estimates and criteria for development of probable maximum hurricanes for east and Gulf Coast sites, squall lines for the Great Lakes, and severe cyclonic wind storms for all lake sites by the Corps of Engineers, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the staff are used for evaluating the conservatism of the applicant’s estimates of severe windstorm conditions, as discussed in Regulatory Guide 1.59. The Corps of Engineers and NOAA criteria require variation of the basic meteorological parameters within given limits to 2.4.5-2 determine the most severe combination that could result. The applicant’s hydrometeorological analysis should be based on the most critical combination of these parameters. Data from publications of NOAA, the Corps of Engineers, and other sources (such as tide tables, tide records, and historical lake level records) are used to substantiate antecedent water levels. These antecedent water levels must be as high as the "10% exceedence" monthly spring high tide, plus a sea level anomaly based on the maximum difference between recorded and predicted average water levels for durations of 2 weeks or longer for coastal locations or the 100-yr recurrence interval high water for the Great Lakes. In a similar manner, the storm track, wind fields, effective fetch lengths, direction of approach, timing, and frictional surface and bottom effects are evaluated by independent staff analysis to ensure that the most critical values have been selected. Models used to estimate surge hydrographs that have not previously been reviewed and approved by the staff are verified by reproducing historical events, with any discrepancies in the model being on the conservative (i.e., high) side. Criteria and methods of the Corps of Engineers as generally summarized in Reference 32 are used as a standard to evaluate the applicant’s estimate of coincident wind-generated wave action and runup. Criteria and methods of the Corps of Engineers and other standard techniques are used to evaluate the potential for oscillation of waves at natural periodicity. Criteria and methods of the Corps of Engineers (Ref. 32) are used to evaluate the adequacy of protection from flooding, including the static and dynamic effects of broken, breaking, and nonbreaking waves. Regulatory Guide 1.102 provides further guidance on flood protection. Regulatory Guide 1.125 provides guidance for using physical models in assessing flood protection. III. REVIEW PROCEDURES Requirements and procedures governing issuance of early site permits for approval of proposed sites for nuclear power facilities are specified in 10 CFR Part 52. Information required for such a permit includes a description of the site’s hydrometeorological characteristics. For this type of review, the procedures below should be followed. The staff will evaluate the applicant’s analysis, including all of the assumptions, techniques, and models used. If satisfied with their technical soundness and applicability to the problem, the staff’s evaluation will be focused on the conservatism of parameters used by the applicant. If not satisfied with the applicant’s techniques, the staff will perform a simplified analysis of the controlling surge and seiche flooding level (coincident with wind-generated wave activity) and the resulting effects (static and dynamic) to the safety-related facilities of a nuclear power plant or plants of specified type that might be constructed on the proposed site using simplified calculational procedures or models with demonstrably conservative coefficients and assumptions. If the applicant’s estimates of critical water level are no more than 5% less conservative than the staff’s estimates,1 staff concurrence will be stated. If the applicant’s estimates are more than 5% less conservative, the analysis is repeated using more realistic techniques. The staff will develop a position based on the analysis; resolve, if possible, 1 Based on the difference between normal water levels and the flood event. 2.4.5-3 differences between the applicant’s and staff’s surge and seiche flooding design basis; and write the safety evaluation report (SER) input accordingly. The specific review procedures are described below. In general, the conservatism of the applicant’s estimates of flood potential from surges and seiches is judged against the criteria indicated in subsection II above and as discussed in Regulatory Guide 1.59. If the site is not near a large body of water, the staff findings may be prepared a priori. Methods of the Corps of Engineers and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (HUR 7-97 and amendments, Ref. 40) are used to develop the critical probable maximum hurricane (PMH) parameters for the site. The Corps of Engineers model SURGE (or other verified models) may be used to estimate the maximum surge stillwater elevations at coastal sites. Coincident wind-generated waves and runup are estimated from publications by the Corps of Engineers (Ref. 32). Reports of NOAA and the Corps of Engineers are used to estimate probable maximum wind fields over the Great Lakes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coastal Water Levels
    Guidance for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping Coastal Water Levels May 2016 Requirements for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Risk Mapping, Assessment, and Planning (Risk MAP) Program are specified separately by statute, regulation, or FEMA policy (primarily the Standards for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping). This document provides guidance to support the requirements and recommends approaches for effective and efficient implementation. Alternate approaches that comply with all requirements are acceptable. For more information, please visit the FEMA Guidelines and Standards for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping webpage (www.fema.gov/guidelines-and-standards-flood-risk-analysis-and- mapping). Copies of the Standards for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping policy, related guidance, technical references, and other information about the guidelines and standards development process are all available here. You can also search directly by document title at www.fema.gov/library. Water Levels May 2016 Guidance Document 67 Page i Document History Affected Section or Date Description Subsection Initial version of new transformed guidance. The content was derived from the Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Procedure Memoranda, First Publication May 2016 and/or Operating Guidance documents. It has been reorganized and is being published separately from the standards. Water Levels May 2016 Guidance Document 67 Page ii Table of Contents 1.0 Topic Overview .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tsunami, Seiches, and Tides Key Ideas Seiches
    Tsunami, Seiches, And Tides Key Ideas l The wavelengths of tsunami, seiches and tides are so great that they always behave as shallow-water waves. l Because wave speed is proportional to wavelength, these waves move rapidly through the water. l A seiche is a pendulum-like rocking of water in a basin. l Tsunami are caused by displacement of water by forces that cause earthquakes, by landslides, by eruptions or by asteroid impacts. l Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon, by inertia, and by basin resonance. 1 Seiches What are the characteristics of a seiche? Water rocking back and forth at a specific resonant frequency in a confined area is a seiche. Seiches are also called standing waves. The node is the position in a standing wave where water moves sideways, but does not rise or fall. 2 1 Seiches A seiche in Lake Geneva. The blue line represents the hypothetical whole wave of which the seiche is a part. 3 Tsunami and Seismic Sea Waves Tsunami are long-wavelength, shallow-water, progressive waves caused by the rapid displacement of ocean water. Tsunami generated by the vertical movement of earth along faults are seismic sea waves. What else can generate tsunami? llandslides licebergs falling from glaciers lvolcanic eruptions lother direct displacements of the water surface 4 2 Tsunami and Seismic Sea Waves A tsunami, which occurred in 1946, was generated by a rupture along a submerged fault. The tsunami traveled at speeds of 212 meters per second. 5 Tsunami Speed How can the speed of a tsunami be calculated? Remember, because tsunami have extremely long wavelengths, they always behave as shallow water waves.
    [Show full text]
  • Numerical Calculation of Seiche Motions in Harbours of Arbitrary Shape
    NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF SEICHE MOTIONS IN HARBOURS OF ARBITRARY SHAPE P. Gaillard Sogreah, Grenoble, France ABSTRACT A new method of calculation of wave diffraction around islands, off- shore structures, and of long wave oscillations within offshore or shore-connected harbours is presented. The method is a combination of the finite element technique with an analytical representation of the wave pattern in the far field. Examples of application are given, and results are compared with other theoretical and experimental investig- ations. INTRODUCTION The prediction of possible resonant response of harbours to long wave excitation may be an important factor at the design stage. Hydraulic scale models have the disadvantage of introducing some bias in the results due to wave reflection on the wave paddle and on the tank boundaries. Numerical methods on the other hand can avoid such spurious effects by an appropriate representation of the unbounded water medium outside the harbour. Various numerical methods exist for calculating the seiche motions in harbours of arbitrary shape and water depth configuration. Among these, the hybrid-element methods, as described by Berkhoff [l] , Bettess and Zienkiewicz [2] , Chen and Mei [3j , Sakai and Tsukioka [8] use a com- bination of the finite element technique with other methods for repre- senting the velocity potential within the harbour and in the offshore zone. This paper presents a new method based on the same general approach, with an analytical representation of the wave pattern in the far field. It differs from the former methods in several aspects stressed hereafter. We consider here two kinds of applications: a) the first is the study of wave diffraction by islands or bottom seated obstacles in the open sea and the study of wave oscil- lations within and around an offshore harbour.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuous Seiche in Bays and Harbors
    Manuscript prepared for Ocean Sci. with version 2014/07/29 7.12 Copernicus papers of the LATEX class copernicus.cls. Date: 14 February 2016 Continuous seiche in bays and harbors J. Park1, J. MacMahan2, W. V. Sweet3, and K. Kotun1 1National Park Service, 950 N. Krome Ave, Homestead, FL, USA 2Naval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Rd., Monterey, CA 93943, USA 3NOAA, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD, USA Correspondence to: J. Park ([email protected]) Abstract. Seiches are often considered a transitory phenomenon wherein large amplitude water level oscillations are excited by a geophysical event, eventually dissipating some time after the event. However, continuous small–amplitude seiches have been recognized presenting a question as to the origin of continuous forcing. We examine 6 bays around the Pacific where continuous seiches 5 are evident, and based on spectral, modal and kinematic analysis suggest that tidally–forced shelf– resonances are a primary driver of continuous seiches. 1 Introduction It is long recognized that coastal water levels resonate. Resonances span the ocean as tides (Darwin, 1899) and bays as seiches (Airy, 1877; Chrystal, 1906). Bays and harbors offer refuge from the open 10 ocean by effectively decoupling wind waves and swell from an anchorage, although offshore waves are effective in driving resonant modes in the infragravity regime at periods of 30 s to 5 minutes (Okihiro and Guza, 1996; Thotagamuwage and Pattiaratchi, 2014), and at periods between 5 minutes and 2 hours bays and harbors can act as efficient amplifiers (Miles and Munk, 1961). Tides expressed on coasts are significantly altered by coastline and bathymetry, for example, 15 continental shelves modulate tidal amplitudes and dissipate tidal energy (Taylor, 1919) such that tidally–driven standing waves are a persistent feature on continental shelves (Webb, 1976; Clarke and Battisti, 1981).
    [Show full text]
  • TSUNAMI and SEICHE
    TSUNAMI and SEICHE DEFINITIONS: Seiche – The action of a series of standing waves (sloshing action) of an enclosed body or partially enclosed body of water caused by earthquake shaking. Seiche action can affect harbors, bays, lakes, rivers, and canals. Tsunami – A sea wave of local or distant origin that results from large-scale displacements of the seafloor associated with large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploding volcanic islands. BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Tsunami The Pacific Coast of Washington is at risk from tsunamis. These destructive waves can be caused by coastal or submarine landslides or volcanism, but they are most commonly caused by large submarine earthquakes. Tsunamis are generated when these geologic events cause large, rapid movements in the sea floor that displace the water column above. That swift change creates a series of high-energy waves that radiate outward like pond ripples. Offshore tsunamis would strike the adjacent shorelines within minutes and also cross the ocean at speeds as great as 600 miles per hour to strike distant shores. In 1946, a tsunami was initiated by an earthquake in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska; in less than 5 hours, it reached Hawaii with waves as high as 55 feet and killed 173 people. Tsunami waves can continue for hours. The first wave can be followed by others a few minutes or a few hours later, and the later waves are commonly larger. The first wave to strike Crescent City, California, caused by the Alaska earthquake in Prince William Sound in 1964, was 9 feet above the tide level; the second, 29 minutes later, was 6 feet above tide, the third was about 11 feet above the tide level, and the fourth, most damaging wave was more than 16 feet above the tide level.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 4 Earthquake Effects
    Unit 4 Earthquake Effects INTRODUCTION In the last unit, we looked at the causes and characteristics of earthquakes. Now let’s take a look at an earthquake’s effects on the natural and built environments. Knowing more about the effects of earthquakes helps us understand the mitigation steps that must be taken to protect a community from a seismic event. Unit 4 covers the following topics: • What are some effects of earthquakes on the natural and built environments? • What building characteristics are significant to seismic design? • How do buildings resist earthquake forces? • What secondary consequences of earthquakes must we be concerned with? WHAT ARE SOME EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT? In the last unit, we reviewed the different types of seismic waves that produce the violent ground shaking, or motion, associated with earthquakes. These wave vibrations produce several different effects on the natural environment that also can cause tremendous damage to the built environment (buildings, transportation lines and structures, communications lines, and utilities). Researching potential problems, known as site investigation, is a good first step in reducing damage to the built environment due to earthquakes. Page 4-2 Earthquake Effects Liquefaction Strong ground motion during an earthquake can cause water-saturated, unconsolidated soil to act more like a dense fluid than a solid; this process is called liquefaction. Liquefaction occurs when a material of solid consistency is transformed, with increased water pressure, in to a liquefied state. Water saturated, granular sediments such as silts, sands, and gravel that are free of clay particles are susceptible to liquefaction. Imagine what would happen to a building if the soil beneath it suddenly behaved like a liquid.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Seiches in Flathead Lake
    Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2605–2615, 2015 www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/19/2605/2015/ doi:10.5194/hess-19-2605-2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Surface seiches in Flathead Lake G. Kirillin1,2, M. S. Lorang2, T. C. Lippmann2,3, C. C. Gotschalk2, and S. Schimmelpfennig1 1Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany 2The University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, MT, USA 3University of New Hampshire, Dept. of Earth Sciences and Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, NH, USA Correspondence to: G. Kirilin ([email protected]) Received: 10 October 2014 – Published in Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: 10 December 2014 Revised: 14 April 2015 – Accepted: 11 May 2015 – Published: 3 June 2015 Abstract. Standing surface waves or seiches are inherent hy- namics. Seiches exist in any (semi) enclosed basin, where drodynamic features of enclosed water bodies. Their two- long surface waves reflecting at opposite shores interfere to dimensional structure is important for estimating flood risk, produce a standing wave. The longest possible seiche (the coastal erosion, and bottom sediment transport, and for un- first “fundamental” mode) has the wavelength λ that is twice derstanding shoreline habitats and lake ecology in general. the distance between the shores, L. The wavelengths of other In this work, we present analysis of two-dimensional seiche possible modes decrease by even fractions of the distance be- characteristics in Flathead Lake, Montana, USA, a large in- tween shores. Therefore, for the majority of possible modes, termountain lake known to have high seiche amplitudes.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuous Seiche in Bays and Harbors J
    Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Ocean Sci. Discuss., 12, 2361–2394, 2015 www.ocean-sci-discuss.net/12/2361/2015/ doi:10.5194/osd-12-2361-2015 OSD © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 12, 2361–2394, 2015 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Ocean Science (OS). Continuous seiche in Please refer to the corresponding final paper in OS if available. bays and harbors Continuous seiche in bays and harbors J. Park et al. 1 2 3 1 J. Park , J. MacMahan , W. V. Sweet , and K. Kotun Title Page 1 National Park Service, 950 N. Krome Ave, Homestead, FL, USA Abstract Introduction 2Naval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Rd., Monterey, CA 93943, USA 3NOAA, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD, USA Conclusions References Received: 4 September 2015 – Accepted: 18 September 2015 – Published: 8 October 2015 Tables Figures Correspondence to: J. Park ([email protected]) J I Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. J I Back Close Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 2361 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract OSD Seiches are often considered a transitory phenomenon wherein large amplitude water level oscillations are excited by a geophysical event, eventually dissipating some time 12, 2361–2394, 2015 after the event. However, continuous small-amplitude seiches have recently been rec- 5 ognized presenting a question as to the origin of continuous forcing. We examine 6 Continuous seiche in bays around the Pacific where continuous seiches are evident, and based on spectral, bays and harbors modal and kinematic analysis suggest that tidally-forced shelf-resonances are a pri- mary driver of continuous seiches.
    [Show full text]
  • Method of Studying Modulation Effects of Wind and Swell Waves on Tidal and Seiche Oscillations
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Method of Studying Modulation Effects of Wind and Swell Waves on Tidal and Seiche Oscillations Grigory Ivanovich Dolgikh 1,2,* and Sergey Sergeevich Budrin 1,2,* 1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia 2 Institute for Scientific Research of Aerospace Monitoring “AEROCOSMOS”, 105064 Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (G.I.D.); [email protected] (S.S.B.) Abstract: This paper describes a method for identifying modulation effects caused by the interaction of waves with different frequencies based on regression analysis. We present examples of its applica- tion on experimental data obtained using high-precision laser interference instruments. Using this method, we illustrate and describe the nonlinearity of the change in the period of wind waves that are associated with wave processes of lower frequencies—12- and 24-h tides and seiches. Based on data analysis, we present several basic types of modulation that are characteristic of the interaction of wind and swell waves on seiche oscillations, with the help of which we can explain some peculiarities of change in the process spectrum of these waves. Keywords: wind waves; swell; tides; seiches; remote probing; space monitoring; nonlinearity; modulation 1. Introduction Citation: Dolgikh, G.I.; Budrin, S.S. The phenomenon of modulation of short-period waves on long waves is currently Method of Studying Modulation widely used in the field of non-contact methods for sea surface monitoring. These processes Effects of Wind and Swell Waves on are mainly investigated during space monitoring by means of analyzing optical [1,2] and Tidal and Seiche Oscillations.
    [Show full text]
  • Storm, Rogue Wave, Or Tsunami Origin for Megaclast Deposits in Western
    Storm, rogue wave, or tsunami origin for megaclast PNAS PLUS deposits in western Ireland and North Island, New Zealand? John F. Deweya,1 and Paul D. Ryanb,1 aUniversity College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH, United Kingdom; and bSchool of Natural Science, Earth and Ocean Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland Contributed by John F. Dewey, October 15, 2017 (sent for review July 26, 2017; reviewed by Sarah Boulton and James Goff) The origins of boulderite deposits are investigated with reference wavelength (100–200 m), traveling from 10 kph to 90 kph, with to the present-day foreshore of Annagh Head, NW Ireland, and the multiple back and forth actions in a short space and brief timeframe. Lower Miocene Matheson Formation, New Zealand, to resolve Momentum of laterally displaced water masses may be a contributing disputes on their origin and to contrast and compare the deposits factor in increasing speed, plucking power, and run-up for tsunamis of tsunamis and storms. Field data indicate that the Matheson generated by earthquakes with a horizontal component of displace- Formation, which contains boulders in excess of 140 tonnes, was ment (5), for lateral volcanic megablasts, or by the lateral movement produced by a 12- to 13-m-high tsunami with a period in the order of submarine slide sheets. In storm waves, momentum is always im- of 1 h. The origin of the boulders at Annagh Head, which exceed portant(1cubicmeterofseawaterweighsjustover1tonne)in 50 tonnes, is disputed. We combine oceanographic, historical, throwing walls of water continually at a coastline.
    [Show full text]
  • Advances in the Study of Mega-Tsunamis in the Geological Record Raphael Paris, Kazuhisa Goto, James Goff, Hideaki Yanagisawa
    Advances in the study of mega-tsunamis in the geological record Raphael Paris, Kazuhisa Goto, James Goff, Hideaki Yanagisawa To cite this version: Raphael Paris, Kazuhisa Goto, James Goff, Hideaki Yanagisawa. Advances in the study of mega-tsunamis in the geological record. Earth-Science Reviews, Elsevier, 2020, 210, pp.103381. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103381. hal-02964184 HAL Id: hal-02964184 https://hal.uca.fr/hal-02964184 Submitted on 12 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Advances in the study of mega-tsunamis in the geological record 2 3 Raphaël Paris1, Kazuhisa Goto2, James Goff3, Hideaki Yanagisawa4 4 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, F-63000 Clermont- 5 Ferrand, France. 6 2 Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo, Japan. 7 3 PANGEA Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. 8 4 Department of Regional Management, Tohoku Gakuin University, Tenjinsawa 2‑ 1‑ 1, Sendai, Japan. 9 10 Abstract 11 Extreme geophysical events such as asteroid impacts and giant landslides can generate mega- 12 tsunamis with wave heights considerably higher than those observed for other forms of 13 tsunamis.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.8 SEICHE / COASTAL FLOODING Seiche Can Be Defined As a Standing Wave in an Enclosed Or Partially Enclosed Body of Water Which Can Result in Coastal Flooding
    State of Ohio Hazard Mitigation Plan 2.8 SEICHE / COASTAL FLOODING Seiche can be defined as a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water which can result in coastal flooding. The most common cause of seiches in Ohio is a strong, constant wind blowing over the surface of the water forcing it to accumulate at the down-wind shore. When the wind diminishes the water level will begin to return to its original equilibrium though a series of broad oscillations across the entire body. Often referred to as the bathtub effect, seiches cause the water levels to rise and fall along the shorelines repeatedly until equilibrium is restored. Other causes of seiches include earthquakes, changes in barometric pressure or any of a variety of atmospheric changes. The magnitude of seiche events are dependant on a number of factors. Wind speed and barometric pressure are the most obvious contributors to the size of an event. What is not immediately apparent is how the configuration of the water body factors into the event. The larger and shallower the water body is translates into an increase in the magnitude of the seiche. This can have significant impact on artificial bodies of water such as reservoirs. The United States Army Corps of Engineers office in Detroit Michigan developed a profile of seiche as part of a larger work analyzing water levels for the Great Lakes. Figure 2.8.a displays the static impact seiche has on a body of water with water levels rising on the downwind shore and falling along the upwind shore.
    [Show full text]