•.. • . •...... t...... -· May 2002 Vol. 4, No. s r~~.... 1-'' .r,. . .~ . I -:-.. • ,\1 1-. \1 B F H <-; l) () ~ () 1{ s

Renewing Members Mr. and Mrs. Robert Reinholdt, Ashland Donors Mr. and Mrs. David Rishell,]acksonville LIFETIME Sheila Schneider-Mullins, Ashland SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION *Connie Battaile, Ashland Edward G. Shelley, Ashland Gold Diggers' Guild Lois M. Smith, Central Point Colleen Tokar DIRECTOR {>Mr. and Mrs. Randy Smith, Ashland *Mr. and Mrs. William Deatherage, *Mr. and Mrs. Cal Thompson, IN KIND Medford Rogue River Deli Down {>*Larry Thorpe and Gwendolyn Scott, Bruce Jennings BUSINESS Mec!Jord Ashland Community Hospital, Ashland {>Robynne L. Whitaker, Ashland GENERAL COLLECTION City of Shady Cove, Shady Cove {>Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Wojack, Karen McCabe KTVL-TV, Medford Central Point Marjorie O'Harra {>Mail Tribune, Medford *Gertrude C. Woods, Ashland EDUCATION PIONEER/CURATOR PIONEER/FRIEND Honorary Lifetime Barbara Ross Mr. and Mrs. Bob Dreiszus, Talent Ora F. Boyd, Eugene Mr. and Mrs. Vincent L. Armstrong, {>Mrs. H. S. Deuel, Rogue River Southern Oregon Medford CURATOR Alicia Applegate Hardy, Brookings Historical Society Francis and Mary Cheney, Ben B. *Yvonne Earnest, Medford Glenn Harrison, Albany Cheney Foundation, Tacoma, WA Foundation *Tom and Evelyn Hennion, Medford Joan Horton, Medford Robertson E. Collins, jacksonville {>Dr. and Mrs. James F. Patterson, Barbara]. Keltner, Columbia, MD Mr. and Mrs. Robert Heffernan, Medford Medford ENDOWMENT FUND {>Larry D. Rogers, Medford Ms. Jean W. Jester, Sandy Dr. and Mrs. A.L. Clay Marjorie O'Harra, Ashland PIONEER/PATRON FRIEND Mr. and Mrs. William Deatherage {>Dr. and Mrs. A.L. Clay, Medford Mr. and Mrs. Donald E. Rowlett, Ashland {>Loretta E. Adams, M edford Robynne Whitaker Dorene Cantrall Fisher, Sisters Mrs. MaryTooze, Portland Joan C. Arant, Medford Margery Goodman, Ashland {>Eugene Beers, Talent {>Larry and Julia Ann Horton, Medford Lifetime {>William Bloodgood, Ashland Kay and Al Alsing, Ashland PATRON {>Marilyn Boesch, Medford ~ ~w M~m~ ~r ~~ti~n Patricia Cook Harrington, Central Point Pat and Gayle Clason, Medford {>John C. Bowden, Klamath Falls Mr. and Mrs. Robert]. DeArmond, Mary and Tom Glatte, Medford Mary Bratten, Ashland We are pleased to offer a NEW Central Point Jacksonville Booster Club,]acksonville Glenda Moran Brown, Ashland two-year option in membership for Mr. and Mrs. John Hamlin, Medford Dr. and Mrs. John A. Retzlaff, Medford {> Gloria Buder, Medford New and Renewing members. You Mr. Tom Hamlin, Medford {> Kandee McClain, Central Point {>*Dee Selby, Talent will save money and we will save Mr. and Mrs. Robert Hight, Medford Doris Crofoot, jacksonville Mr. Robert A. Johnson, M edford PIONEER/FAMILY Susan C. Davis, Medford processing costs. It's a win all around! Edward B. Jorgenson, Medford {>Mr. and Mrs. James Akerill, Ashland Aubrey Degn, Medford MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES Robert L. Lewis, jacksonville {> Larry and Dodi Clark, Ashland Bill Dugan, M edford Lifetime ... $1,000 Dr. Eugene I. Majerowicz, {>Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Foster, Medford Sarah Ford, Jacksonville Los Angeles, CA Business ... Two years $200 One year $120 {>Mr. and Mrs. James Hayes, Ashland Kathleen Garton, Sunriver Alice Mullaly, Central Point Director ... Two years $450 One year $250 {>*Mr. and Mrs. John A. Hill, {>Miklos Gyenes, Medford Curator ... Two years $200 Ram Offset Lithographers, White City Central Point {>Barbara Hanel, M edford One year $120 Davis Young, Medford {>Ted and Arlene E. Hoffman, {>Mark James, Scappoose Patron ... Two years $110 One year $60 Eagle Point Jack Leishman, Talent Family ... Two years $55 One year $30 New Members {>Gary and Nancy Ingram, Medford {>Robert Lindberg, Grants Pass Friend ... Two years $35 One year $20 Mr. and Mrs. Charles Jackson, Medford BUSINESS D. Wayne Linn, Ashland Mr. and Mrs. Harold C. Meyer, {> C.L. McBeth,]acksonville WE Group, Portland Eagle Point Betty P. McLaughlin, Medford PIONEER/FAMILY FAMILY {>Dr. Eric Morrell, Medford Lillian Fullerton, Vancouver, WA Nancy Bachmann, Medford {>Ruth Mularz, Ashland {>Pauline Black and Edwin Johnson, {>Bettie Newland, Medford The Southern Oregon Historical FAMILY Ashland William M. Ostrander, Ashland Society is part of the Time Travelers Felicia Hazel, Ashland Mr. and Mrs. David Britt,]acksonville {>Robert E. Ott, Grants Pass program. Karen D. Henry, Medford {>Mr. and Mrs. Leo Champagne, Ashland Kathleen Oyler, Ashland If you have a yearning to travel, {>Mr. and Mrs. John Pottman, {>Mr. and Mrs. Bill Chesney,]acksonville Donald L. Patrick, Sherwood here is your chance to visit great Central Point {>Mr. and Mrs. Vincent Claflin, Phoenix Betty Lou Pratt, Medford museums in 42 states across {>Mr. and Mrs. Charles Watson, Medford Carla Deems,]acksonville {>Daryl L. Proett, Medford the country. Look for the {>Mr. and Mrs. Philip Gates, Talent {>Charles R. Rigby, Cave junction Time Travelers logo. All PIONEER/FRIEND Jerrold Hagstrom,]acksonville Mary Vandenberg, Medford you have to do is show your Beverly T. Darling, Ashland Felicia Hazel, Ashland James F. Verdieck, M edford Southern Oregon Historical {> Susanne Krieg, Ashland {>*Mr. and Mrs. George W . Hesdorfer, {>Edie Vinson, Grants Pass Society membership card to Medford {>Lois Stanley, Eagle Point {>Claud-Marie Ward, Ashland receive this special benefit. {>*James Hess, Medford {>Elizabeth B. Watson, Medford milJW Please call Membership FRIEND Mr. and Mrs. Ted Hoehne, Eagle Point Burleigh E. Wheldon, Medford ~ Coordinator Susan Smith at {>Bill Alley, Medford {>Arnie Klott, Medford {>Franz S. Wichman, Medford (541)773-6536 for a brochure Mark Campion, Dallas {> Rosalie La Fleur, Medford {>Louise Zwan, Medford on the museums participating in {>Ronald Loveness, Klamath Falls {>Marjorie Luce, Ashland this program. {> Susan Mesick, Medford *William A. Mansfield, Medford *Indicates upgraded membership category or monetary contribution in addition to Jenna Scarbrough, Baker City {>Dusty and Top Miller, Ashland membership dues for Society programs. Teresa Selby, Medford Mr. and Mrs. W.B. Myers, Medford {>Indicates two-year membership. Sally Staver, jacksonville Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Olson, Medford

VOL.4,No. 5 2 May 2 0 0 2 V o I. 4, No. 5

SOUTHERN O REGON HERITAGE T ODAY Editorial Guidelines SOUTHERN OREGON eature articles average 3,000 to 4,000 (pre-edited) words. Other materials range from 500 to 1,000 words. Electronic submissions fare accepted on 3-1/4-inch disks and should be accompanied by a hard-copy printout. Cite all sources and construct endnotes and cutlines using the Chicago Mamml ofStyl e. The author is responsible HERITAGE for verification of cited facts. A selection of professional, unscreened photographs and/or line art should accompany submission-black­ and-white or color. The Southern Oregon Historical Society reserves the right to use Society images in place of submitted r~~ materiaL All material should be labeled with author's name, mailing address, and telephone number. Manuscripts will be returned if accompanied by a self-addressed envelope stamped with sufficient postage. Authors should provide a brief autobiographical note at the end of manuscripts. The Southern Oregon Historical Society secures rights to full and final editing of all manuscripts, layout design, and one-time North American serial rights. Authors will be notified of acceptance of manuscripts within ninety days of receiving materials. In most cases, payment is upon publication. Southem Oregon Heritage Today takes great care with all submitted material, but is not responsible for damage or loss. Only photocopies of irreplaceable original historical FEATURE: documents should be submitted. Facts, views, and opinions expressed in signed submissions are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the viewpoints or opinions of Southern Oregon The Photographic Legacy of Hu itage Today or the Southern O regon Historical Society. Alex Sparrow by William Alley D E P .\ H T :\1 E :\. 'I s p.8

SUNDAY DRIVING MEMBERS & DONORS The Sinnott Memorial p.2 by Stephen R. M ark SOHSNEws&NoTES p.4 THINGS TO Do: Exhibits, program updates, and calendar p . 6

PIONEER BIOGRAPHY Frances Fuller Victor by Stephen R . Mark p. 13

PRESERVATION PROFILE Lady of the Woods by Stephen R. Mark p. 14

0NTHECOVER ROOTED IN HISTORY With Wizard Island in the Tracks in the Ash foreground, the sun sets on by Donn L. Todt and Nan Hannon Dutton Cliff to the right of Kerr Notch and Anderson Point. p . 16

tr!.~ 1111 SOUTHtlRN HJSTORJCA!.. Administra tive Staff Collections/Re s earc h Libra ry Sta ff t""Jn:<:~ :::: SOC!m' Brad Linder, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Mary Ames Sheret, CURATOR OF COllECTIONS AND EXHIBITS Maureen Smith, FINANCE/OPERATIONS DIRECTOR Carol Harbison-Samuelsen, UBRARY M.>\NAGERIPHOTO ARCHIVIST S o uthe rn Oregon His torical S o c ie ty Board of Trus tees Amelia Chamberlain, PROGRAMS DIRECTOR Bill Miller, HISTORL'IN Nancy Hamlin, Medforrl, PRESIDENT D omnn G underson, DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR Hank H art, Medford. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT Susan Cox-Smith, J\1EMBERSHIP COORDINATOR Southe rn O regon H e ritage Today Robert Stevens, }acJmmvil!e, SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT is published monthly by the Southern Oregon Historical Society. Yvonne Earnest, Mrdford, SECRETARY Magazine S ta ff 106 N. Centr.U Ave., Medford, OR 97501-5926. Judi Drais, Medford, TREASURER Cynthia W icklund, COMMUNICATIONS COORDINATOR (541) 773-6536 Allen Alsing, Ashlaud Edward B. Jorgenson, Medforrl Bill Powell, GUEST EDITOR J. Robert Bills, Medforrl Judy H. Lozano, Butte Falls Dana L. Hedrick, DESIGNER/PHOTOGRAPHER Copy~ i g ht 2 0 02 by Southern Oregon Historical Society, ISSN Robert Cowling, Medford Marjorie Overland, Mulford #1082-2003. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be printed H. Walter Emori, M.D ., jachonville BJ. Reed, jacluoll'Uil!r P rinting, Ram Offset Lithographers or electronically duplicated without the written permission of the Southern Jim Fety, Rogue Rivtr Neil Thorson, Medforrl Oregon Historical Society. SUNDAY 0 H I \ ' I N G

the promenade and roadway conversely provides isolation, a quality that reinforces visitor acceptance of the Sinnott Memorial 1ll~ ~inn~tt M~m~rial by Stephen R. Mark as both viewpoint and classroom. To take the fullest advantage of the opportunity presented by this venue, Merriam orchestrated funding for HOTOGRAPHS AND design philosophy, the structure should fit volcanologist Howel Williams to produce documentary evidence show that the into the surroundings as a sign of human what is still considered to be a classic site known as Rim Village has served as subservience to the scale and grandeur of work on the geology of Crater Lake r the scene. The designer, landscape National Park. With only slight revisions Crater Lake National Park's main visitor­ use area since the late nineteenth century. architect Merel Sager, went so far as to since its ftrst publication in 1941, this It might seem to first-time visitors to be spend hours in a rowboat on the lake, study has served as the primary reference dominated by two parking lots located on doing so in order to devise ways to make for naturalists giving talks in the Sinnott opposite ends of a roadway, and where the building virtually invisible against the Memorial.! Consequently, it may not be randomly placed buildings lack any inner caldera wall. The memorial started surprising that Merriam first considered overarching architectural theme. That as a "rest" dedicated to its namesake, utilizing the adjacent museum room to impression may hold true until visitors use eight-term Oregon Second District provide more in-depth information on the the walkway defining the northern edge of Congressman Nicholas J. Sinnott, who park's geological story. He even went to Rim Village. Bordered by a masonry wall chaired the House Appropriations Europe in 1931 and found ftlm footage of on one side, the promenade was intended Committee prior to his death in 1929, volcanic eruptions, but changed his mind by its designers to furnish a safety feature but it quickly evolved into a more about a theme by the time this exhibit and consistent foreground from which to ambitious project. John C. Merriam, area finally opened seven years later. behold the sublime "picture" of Crater Lake. Carnegie Institution ofWashington Merriam's approach to the museum Just below the Kiser Studio (the small Foundation president and a leading centered on the lake's beauty being so stone cabin-like structure used as a visitor advocate for interpreting the national exceptional that it provided a way to see center during summer) is an overlook parks, envisioned a sheltered overlook the underlying unity in nature. Most reached by walking down a short trail whose porch or parapet might facilitate images presented in the museum were from the promenade. It is not readily better visitor orientation to the park story. photographs, but he also donated several discernible at first because the trail was As a former professor of paleontology, paintings. Harold Bryant, one of Merriam's planned to yield only partial views of the Merriam recognized the educational value proteges who was chief of research and lake and a structure sitting atop Victor of a short talk about the origins of Crater education in the National Park Service at Rock. Once inside the Sinnott Memorial, Lake, but in a spot where visitors could that time, articulated the rationale behind however, visitors find that its parapet both see and understand. A museum this effort: provides a spectacular and unobstructed needed to be simple and not separate The dispensing of knowledge about view of Crater Lake and surrounding people from the park they came to park features was a goal, important and peaks. Even though it is a confined space experience. Toward this end Merriam and useful, but it was hoped that the park with a sheer drop of some 900 feet to the several other leading scientists had already visitor could be taught to think great shoreline, this building combines two established the precedent of combining a thoughts, could be sent home actually functions. The first is to provide a venue parapet with a museum at Yavapai Station inspired. Based on what was seen and for interpreting what transpired to in the Grand Canyon. Unlike Yavapai, heard a visitor could be aroused to produce a lake of such magnificent which is situated a mile east of where visitor contemplate the origin and evaluation of beauty, while the other is aimed at services are centered in Grand Canyon the world we live in, the laws which enticing visitors to explore the park. Village, the Sinnott Memorial is part of control it and the interrelations of its Opened in 1931, the Sinnott Memorial Rim Village and therefore close to where parts. If Crater Lake represents an is designed to present Crater Lake in a most visitors congregate at one time or outstandingly beautiful landscape, how naturalistic way. In keeping with this another. The building's location away from can the visitor be helped to appreciate it?2

VOI.4,N0. 5 4 Although it was intended to play a key there is little or no formal linkage between experiencing Rim Drive, but is secondary role, the park development philosophy of the beauty that initially draws people to to a unity best characterized as conviction. aiding the appreciation of nature went Crater Lake and interpreting the origins of The latter does not detach art from well beyond the confines of the Sinnott park features, it will probably be difficult science, since each has a role in grasping Memorial. One of the aims, for example, for visitors to find them meaningful when larger meanings in nature that are the stuff behind reconstruction of the road around they return home? of inspiration. Merriam once described the Crater Lake starting in 1931 involved Whether or not Merriam was successful value of this kind of unity in an article better presentation of what Merriam and with his approach to helping visitors about the Grand Canyon: others felt were the top points of interest. appreciate nature can be debated, especially Through such visualization of nature Specially chosen pullouts or "stations" because his approach hinged so much on seen as a whole we come often to the were designated along the new "Rim his concept of unity. On one level there is realization that, even when enlarged by Drive" to highlight geological and scenic visual unity, of the kind where landscape the lens of knowledge, the picture focal points seen from the road, with architecture harmonizes with an awe­ indicates the presence of something walls and other features such as planting inspiring spectacle such as Crater Lake. beyond that vision does not fully reach. beds taking their cue from precedents This goal may lead to what is best about So, in various other ways, artist and established in Rim Village. Merriam's ..------.. writer have presented the convention of calling the Sinnott idea that, in looking upon Memorial "Observation Station No. 1," these great examples of was adopted for a time because the unity in nature, what we overlook and museum represented a see may only be the logical starting place for visitors traveling shadowy expression of a circuit thirty-three miles in length. things greater still, which Rim Drive continues to hold its place neither eye nor mind has among the nation's most notable scenic yet been able to define. 5 I roads, one regularly rated among the top ten by the American Automobile Stephen R. Mark is the park Association. It even served as the historian for Crater Lake showpiece for the Volcanic Legacy Scenic National Park and Oregon Byway (a route running well beyond park Caves National Monument. boundaries) being named as one of the few All-American Roads in 1998. The E NDNOTES stations and substations designed as part 1. Howe! Williams, Crater Lake: The Story of its Origin of Rim Drive still exist, though several (Berkeley: University of have since suffered unflattering California Press, 1941). The "improvements."3 Few of the pullouts are full study is The Geology of signed as such and none are presently Crater Lake National Park linked with the Sinnott Memorial in (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of wayside exhibits or the park brochure. Washington, 1942). Visitors still hear regularly scheduled 2. Harold C. Bryant, "The talks during the summer season at the Beginning ofYosemite's Sinnott Memorial. These presentations Educational Program," Yosemite Nature Notes 39:7 emphasize geological and limnological (July 1960), p. 165. aspects of the park story, just as they 3. The greatest distinction always have. Non-personal interpretation between stations and in the museum and for the parapet substations was that stations exhibits has taken several different were visited as part of a naturalist-led Rim Caravan, courses over the years, generally a service discontinued by the overlooking Merriam's observation that: early 1950s. A segment of Just as all who see the lake come East Rim Drive, one twelve miles in length starting under the spell of its beauty, so there are beyond Cleetwood Cove few for whom the story of its coming to and extending to the be does not take on increasing Phantom Ship Overlook at importance as acquaintance grows. The Kerr Notch, is perhaps the best surviving stretch of road sublimity, power, and orderly operation in accordance with the expressed in this process of creation original design. develops in us a sense of appreciation 4. John Merriam, "Crater corresponding to influence of reactions Lake: A Study in the produced by other elements which we Appreciation of Nature," The American Magazine ofArt recognize as beauty and harmony. 4 26:8 (August 1933), p. 361. The foregoing statement is worth 5. John Merriam, "The Unity considering in light of the average visit of Nature as Illustrated by the Grand Canyon," consuming less than four hours, as well as The Sinnott Memorial as viewedfrom a point near Crater Lake Scientific Monthly 33 the high likelihood that a large number Lodge in the summer. (September 1931), p. 234. of these visits will not be repeated. If

SOUTHERN OREGON H ER IT AGE TOD A Y 5 I· \\ ~ ;"-- ()

SOUTHERN OREGON HISTORICAL SOCIETY

P R 0 G R A M S : (see listings below for complete descriptions)

DATE& TIME LOCATION DESCRIPTION Craft of the Month Museum hours CHILDREN'S MUSEUM Make a May Basket or Wand; 25¢ Garnes Galore! Sat., May 4; 1 - 3 p.m. WOODVILLE MUSEUM, Family Day. Free Rogue River Helping Hands Workshop Wed., May 8; 3:30 - 4:30p.m. CHILDREN'S MUSEUM Pioneer Chores; ages 3-6; members, $4; non-members,$5 Celebrate "The Women of Thurs., May 16, 7 p.m. HISTORY CENTER Free Hanley Farm" Historic Cookery Class Sat., May 18, 2 - 5 p.m. PIONEER HALL, Lithia Park $49 per person Hanley Farm Opens-reduced Sat., May 25, 11 a.m.- 4 p.m. HANLEY FARM May25 &26 only: $1/person, ages 6 admission May 25 & 26 only Sun., May 26, 11 a.m.- 4 p.m. & up; members I children under 6, free Living History Program Begins Sat., May 25, 1 - 5 p.m. BEEKMAN HOUSE adults $3; ages 6-12 & seniors 65+, $2; Sun., May 26, 1 - 5 p.m. members free

the family heritage and legacy of the Hanley ofAshland at (541) 482-2884 to preregister PROGRAM DETAILS sisters. Climb the Hanley family tree and and prepay as soon as possible. trace the contributions that this pioneering FOR TIMES AND LOCATIONS, SEE SCHEDULE ABOVE. family made to its community. Letters, HANLEY FARM OPENS MAY CRAFT OF THE MoNTH photographs, and family papers reveal Bring a picnic lunch and a blanket to sit on Make a May Basket or Wand insights into the actions, thoughts, and and enjoy the sights and activities at historic Welcome the merry month of May by attitudes of those from earlier generations. Hanley Farm. Explore a variety of activities making a May Basket to take home, fill with See what such documents have taught us and games for the whole family, tour the goodies, and hang on the doorknob of about the women whose lineage links them historic home and grounds, savor a dish of someone you love! to the farm and the rich pioneering heritage ice cream and strawberries, and enjoy live of Southern Oregon. music. Riders of the Western Range, a GAMES GALORE! traditional cowboy music group, will play A LET's PLAY FAMILY DAY HISTORIC COOKERY CLASS AT May 25 from noon-3 p.m. Listen to the I Bring the whole family for an afternoon of PIONEER HALL IN ASHLAND songs of Gene Autry, Roy Rogers, and the II fun and games playing a variety of well­ Join us as we team up with Allyson's of Sons of the Pioneers as played by this group loved outdoor games including foot races, Ashland for this unique "Cookery" class that of 2 men and 2 women. On May 26, enjoy tag, and good old-fashioned tug-of-war. will explore culinary traditions from the turn music by the Old Time Fiddlers. of the last century, recreating the dining experience of the elegant Ashland Depot HELPING HANDs WoRKSHOP BEEKMAN HOUSE OPENS Hotel, a popular stop on the Southern Step back in time to the year 1911 and enjoy Children will learn by doing traditional Pacific Railroad's route between Pordand a visit with costumed interpreters portraying pioneer chores such as laundry, grinding and San Francisco. Following a half-hour Cornelius C. Beekman (Jacksonville's first wheat, making butter, kneading bread, and presentation by Society Outreach banker) and other members of his family. picking wool. Kids will print their painted Coordinator Stephanie Buder Cotts hands on a dishtowel for a keepsake or highlighting the history of Ashland's perhaps to use as a Mother's Day gift! railroad district and litde-known stories CRATER LAKE SCREENSAVER Preregistration and prepayment are about the Depot Hotel, participants will To commemorate the Centennial of Crater required by Friday, May 3. take part in making recipes from the Lake National Park, the Society has produced Southern Pacific's cookbook for dining car a screensaver containing 30 historic images CELEBRATE "THE WOMEN OF chefs, including Chicken Fricasse, Creole which sells for $12. Eighteen of the images HANLEY FARM" Stuffed Tomatoes, and Caramel Turnovers. are transition effects and can be used to create Join Society Programs Associate Dawna The class will be led by expert chefs Allyson desktop wallpaper. The screensavers can be Curler for a trip into the past as she explores Holt and Kathleen Albiani. CallAllyson's purchased at the History Center or at the VoL.4, No. 5 Jacksonville History Store. 6 SOUTHERN OREGON HISTORICAL SOCIETY SITES E X H I B I T S . (see listings below for complete descriptions) PHONE: (541) 773-6536 LOCATION MUSEUM HOURS unless listed othenvise FAX: (541) 776-7994 Let's Play: Pastimes From the Past HISTORY CENTER Mon. - Fri., 9 a.m.- 5 p.m. E-MAIL: [email protected] Century of Photography: 1856-1956 WEBSITE: sohs.org The History of Southern Oregon from A to Z HISTORY CENTER 106 N. Central, Medford History in the Making: JACKSONVILLE MUSEUM Wed.-Sat., 10 a.m.- 5 p.m. Mon. - Fri., 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Jackson Connty Milestones Sunday, noon - 5 p.m. RESEARCH LIBRARY Miner, Baker, Furniture Maker 106 N. Central, Medford Politics of Culture: Collecting the Southwest­ Tues. -Fri., 1 to 5 p.m. Art and History JACKSONVILLE MUSEUM & Hall ofJustice CHILDREN's MusEUM . 5th and C,Jacksonville Ongoing 'hands on history' exhibits CHILDREN'S MUSEUM Wed.- Sat., 10 a.m.- 5 p.m. Wed. - Sat., 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sunday, noon - 5 p.m. Sun., noon to 5 p.m. HANLEY FARM EXHIBIT DETAILS 1053 Hanley Road Beginning Sat., May 25 through Sept. 29 FOR TIMES AND LOCATIONS, SEE SCHEDULE ABOVE. POLITICS OF CULTURE: Collecting Open Fri., Sat., & Sun., 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. (541) 773-2675 LET'S PLAY: the Southwest-Art & History PASTIMES FROM THE PAST Tourists descended upon Arizona and New C. C. BEEKMAN HOUSE California & Laurelwood, Jacksonville Using photographs, documents and artifacts, this Mexico with the arrival of the Santa Fe Railroad Beginning Sat., May 25, 1- 5 p.m. traveling exhibit offers an intriguing look at the in 1880. People came by train to see the red-cliff then Wed. - Sun., 1-5 p.m. through Sept.1 ways Americans enjoyed their leisure time at the canyons, giant saguaro cacti, and native people of turn of the 20th Century. It explores such topics the southwest for whom tourists developed an C. C. BEEKMAN BANK 3rd and California, Jacksonville as toys, the fitness craze, the role of organized appreciation as highly skilled potters and weavers. sports, the rise of the sportswoman, and America Entrepreneurs opened trading posts to serve as JACKSONVILLE HISTORY STORE on wheels. Developed by the Rogers Historical Museum, meeting points for collectors of American Indian 3rd and California, Jacksonville Rogers, Arkansas, and supported in part by a grant from the art. For generations, tools and techniques were Beginning May 1 Wed. - Sat., 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Arkansas Humanities Council and the National Endowment passed down bringing renown to families Sun., noon to 5 p.m. for the Humanities. specializing in certain styles. Today, American Indian artisans sell their wares in small roadside THIRD STREET ARTISANS' shops and the finest Santa Fe art galleries. Objects STUDIO CENTURY OF PHOTOGRAPHY: 3rd and California, Jacksonville 1856-1956 on display are representative of what could have Opens on June Highlights the work of two area photographers, been found in trading posts throughout the southwest in the last 1800s and early 1900s. U.S. HOTEL Peter Britt and James Verne Shangle, with 3rd and California, Jacksonville cameras from the Society's collection. Upstairs room available for rent. HALL OF jUSTICE History of the former Jackson County Courthouse. CATHOLIC RECTORY THE HISTORY OF SOUTHERN 4th and C streets, Jacksonville OREGON FROM A TO Z Do you know your ABC's of Southern Oregon CHILDREN'S MUSEUM We invite YOU to history? Even local oldtimers might learn a thing Everyone enjoys exploring the home and work become a member! or two from the History Center windows along settings from the 1850s to the 1930s through Sixth and Central as each letter of the alphabet "hands- on-history." Your membership will support: preservation tells a different story about the people, places, and of Southern Oregon's rich heritage; Society events that have shaped the region we live in. HISTORIC OPEN HOUSE LISTINGS: exhibits and educational events; outreach to schools; workshops for adults and children; May 13, 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. living history programs; and tours and "HISTORY IN THE MAKING: • Lucas-Parker House demonstrations at historic Hanley Farm. 59 Sixth, ASHLAND jACKSON COUNTY MILESTONES" Members receive Southern Oregon Heritage The spirit of America is captured in the history of May 17,2-6 p.m. Today, the Society's monthly magazine with Jackson County. Follow in the footsteps of early • Zenas and Catherine Moody House newsletter, providing a view into the past and residents who experienced the five historic 107 Manzanita, ASHLAND keeping you up-to-date on services provided by the Society. milestones explored in this colorful new exhibit. May 18, 11:30 a.m. to 5:30p.m. For membership information, call Susan Artifacts include rare Chinese archaeological • Wittle Garage Smith at 773-6536. material and an early Coleman stove. A 1940s 101 Oak, ASHLAND jukebox plays music and oral histories describing State Historic Preservation Office MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES automobile travel experiences. prd.state.or.us - click on "publication'' Lifetime ... $1,000 PHONE: 503-378-4168 Business ... Two years $200 One year $120 MINER, BAKER, FuRNITURE MAKER Director ... Two years $450 One year $250 Southern Oregon Historical Society Curator ... Two years $200 One year $120 Explores the development of the Rogue Valley PHONE: (541) 773-6536 Patron ... Two years $110 One year $60 and the impact the industrial revolution had on Family ... Two years $55 One year $30 the settlement of Oregon. 7 Friend .. . Two years $35 One year $20 1:- L .\ T l' H 1'.

The Photographic Legacy of ALEX SP

Superintendent Alex Sparrow poses by a Park Service automobile. The lodge, sporting the cedar siding added in 1922, can be seen in the background.

V oL. 4 , N o. 5 8 In 1910, auto stage service to the lake In 1917, shortly after Congress had Rogue River, Kirtland. This idyllic was inaugurated; the fare to ride the created the National Park Service as a retirement lasted a mere five years before Locomobile from the Nash Hotel in bureau within the Department of the Sparrow again was asked to serve the Medford to Crater Lake was twenty-five Interior, Sparrow was appointed public. The Central Committee of the dollars. The following year work was superintendent of Crater Lake National Jackson County Republican Party had met begun on improving the access roads and Park. That year the park hosted 12,042 at the Medford Hotel on October 26, initial planning was inaugurated on a visitors. When the rim road was finally 1928, to select an individual to fill out the proposed road around the lake's rim.2 completed in September of 1918, remaining month of County Judge W.J. In response to the growing presence of Sparrow had the honor of making the Hartzell's six-year term after the latter's automobiles in Crater Lake National first trip around the lake's rim in one of death, and then stand for re-election in Park, Congress, in 1912, appropriated the government's trucks. Although a $627,000 for the improvement and difficult road, with many tight turns and construction of new roads within the easily rutted, it was passable for most park. While the genesis of this road­ cars, although it was advised that those '1t was hard to believe, until building program was during the making the trip carry additional water administration of the park's first for their radiators. With the completion I saw your pictures, that we superintendent, W .F. Arant, the bulk of of the new rim road, the number of visits now have the means of the work was carried out under his to the park took a big jump. During the successor, William Gladstone Steel. In 1919 season 16,645 visitors were getting access to the Lake by 1913 the Department of the Interior recorded.5 brought in a retired army engineer, Alex In the midst of the 1921 season a horse or muleback." Sparrow, to oversee the construction of thirty-year-old woman named Ruth the park's road system. Clemens arrived at Crater Lake National Sparrow was born in Toronto, Ontario, Park seeking some quiet to recover from November. Several local Republicans in 1871. Before reaching the age of treatment for her ulcers. While at expressed their interest in the position, consent, the young Sparrow, exaggerating Government Camp she took an interest in which is analogous to today's chairman of his age, enlisted in the United States the many horses used by the engineers the county board of commissioners, but as Army. The next six years in the United and rangers. This interest resulted in an soon as Sparrow's name was mentioned all States Cavalry instilled in Sparrow a deep introduction to Sparrow; the two soon opposition evaporated; his nomination was love of horses that remained with him began riding together around the park. unanimous. "I don't mind running against throughout his life. Mter six years with the The fifty year-old superintendent began any Democrat they can put up," Sparrow Fourth United States Cavalry, Sparrow to court the younger Clemens, and during stated upon accepting the nomination, transferred to the engineers and served the ensuing winter became a frequent "but I absolutely refused to run if the with the Second United States Army caller at her home in Medford. Ruth, the Republican Party was to be split." Oregon Engineers for the next eighteen years. mother of two young daughters, Frances Governor I.L. Patterson accepted the During the Spanish-American War, in and Harriet, had managed to extricate recommendation of the local Republicans 1898, Sparrow saw service in the herself from an unfortunate previous and made the appointment. Sparrow was Philippines and served a tour with the marriage. Although she had by this time sworn in on October 27, 1928, and the army of occupation in Cuba making maps. become enamored of the handsome park following month stood for re-election. His He later returned for two more tours of superintendent, she was reluctant to stature in the community was such that he duty in the Philippines. Finally, in 1912, impose a stepfather on her daughters. ran unopposed for the full six-year term.8 after twenty-four years of service, Sergeant When she finally broached the subject to During this term Sparrow's training Major Alex Sparrow put in for retirement. the girls the following year they were and experience proved to be a boon to the He had refused an offer of an officer's ecstatic; they too had succumbed to county. This was a period of extensive commission to make way for younger men Sparrow's charms.6 road paving in Jackson County and seeking a career in the army. 3 Ruth Clemens's family was Episcopalian, Sparrow's expertise was immensely Upon retirement Sparrow returned to and she was saddened by the fact that helpful. His engineering and construction his native Toronto, but after only a few because her estranged husband was still background was also beneficial when it short months at home was asked to serve living, she would be unable to marry in was decided to undertake the as superintendent of construction at the her church. Several weeks before the construction of a new Jackson County Celilo Falls locks on the Columbia planned wedding, however, she received Courthouse in Medford.9 River. Celilo Falls was the upper end of news that her former husband had passed But in January of 1932 tragedy struck. the Dalles-Celilo Canal, construction of away. As a widow she was now able to Sparrow had accompanied a delegation to which had begun in October of 1905. have her much-desired church wedding. inspect a hog fuel heating plant in the The canal was intended to bypass The The two were married in Medford on basement of the Hirvi Building in Dalles rapids and CeWo Falls and open May 9, 1922. The following day, after the Klamath Falls. They were looking for a the upper reaches of the Columbia River couple set off on their honeymoon, a system to install in the nearly completed to shipping. In 1913, Sparrow was notice appeared on the bulletin board at Jackson County Courthouse. While ·cecruited as assistant engineer for highway the Medford Elk's Lodge: "The Sparrows someone was searching for the light construction at Crater Lake National Have Flown."7 switch, Sparrow stepped back in the dark Park. There he set up housekeeping at the In 1923, Sparrow tendered his and fell into an unseen concrete pit, engineers headquarters at Government resignation as superintendent in order to sustaining a serious blow to his skull. He Camp in Munson Valley and oversaw the again retire, this time with his new family. never recovered, and died during the construction of trails, access roads, and the He left the park at the end of March to night ofJanuary 24. He was buried in the new rim road. 4 settle in on his and Ruth's farm on the Jacksonville Cemetery.lO

S OU T HERN O REGON H E RIT AGE TOD AY 9 i

Alex Sparrow spent almost his entire life these images. When Sparrow completed clear view of Wizard Island. in service to his adopted country. Mter the trail to the lake in 1917 that would It is unclear exactly how many of the serving nearly a quarter century in the bear his name, he wrote a letter to Horace images in the collection were actually United States Army, he went on to Albright, the acting director of the taken by Sparrow. A small number were supervise the fledgling road system at National Park Service. ''A short time ago I taken by visitors known to the Crater Lake National Park. While much purchased a camera and a small carload of superintendent and mailed to him at a improved and altered in the ensuing years, flims to practice on .... Have just got back later date. A number of the winter images today's Rim Drive owes its existence in a bale of prints and am sending you a were taken by a long-time park employee, part to Alex Sparrow. Even after his sample of my best work, you can guess John Maben, an avid amateur second attempt at retirement, Sparrow what the worst was like," Sparrow wrote.ll photographer who often spent time as could not resist what he saw as a duty to Albright wasted no time in responding. winter caretaker at the lodge. It was the serve his community and agreed to serve "I am very glad indeed to have these practice of the Park Service to keep an in county government. Were it not for the pictures, which so eloquently describe the employee at the park throughout the tragedy of his untimely death, he would tremendous work you have accomplished winter season when the park was closed. surely have contributed a great deal more. since I left the park the first of August," he Generally, one ranger would spend the Shortly after his death he was honored wrote. "It was hard to believe, until I saw first half of the off season at the lake and with the dedication of the Alex Sparrow your pictures, that we now have the means then be replaced in late January or early Memorial Clinic for Children, the public of getting access to the Lake by horse or February. "Ifl kept one man there all health clinic in the new Jackson County muleback." Albright was duly impressed during the winter season," Sparrow once Courthouse. with Sparrow's use of photographs to commented, "he would soon go clean An enduring legacy to Alex Sparrow document the progress made at the park. bughouse with lonesomeness." Maben and his work at Crater Lake National Park "Unless you want to keep the camera performed a similar service for the came to the Southern Oregon Historical which you purchased for the purpose of concession that operated the lodge.13 Society in 1990. Thanks to a generous photographing your summer's work," the Maben would occupy some of his time donation from Alex and Ruth Sparrow's acting director continued, "I think you had during the long winters taking family, the Society now has among its better arrange to make it a charge upon photographs of the lake and surrounding collections some of the papers of Alex the park's funds and keep the camera as a environs. Some of these images would be Sparrow, and, even more importantly, his part of the equipment of your office."12 used in reports to Sparrow about sizable photograph collection of more than Not all of the photographs that make up conditions in the park as preparations were 1,400 images. Some of the photographs the Alex Sparrow collection were used for made for the spring opening. Whatever date to Sparrow's days in the Army in "official" purposes. The popular the motive for the creation of the images, Texas and the Philippines, but the vast superintendent would frequently act as however, the 1400 photographs in the majority document his years at Crater tour guide for friends, relatives and Alex Sparrow collection provide an Lake National Park. dignitaries. At various locations around incomparable documentation of the early Sparrow used some of the photographs the park Sparrow had his favorite "photo­ years of one of the Pacific Northwest's that ultimately made up the Sparrow op" locations for taking souvenir snapshots most spectacular natural treasures. What collection to document the progress made for these visitors. The collection contains follows is a sampling of those images. 1l1l: on road and trail construction at Crater many different groups at such locations as Lake. Many of his reports to his superiors Sentinel Rock or along a particularly William Alley is the former senior historian for in Washington, D.C., were illustrated with picturesque corner of the rim road with a the Southern Oregon Historical Society. VOL.4, No.5 10 Alex Sparrow had several locations for taking souvenir photographs. At left, a photographic location for Sparrow was Anderson Point along the rim road with a view of the lake and Wizard Island At right, a Park Service truck parks precariously close to the rim near Crater Lake Lodge.

On july 4, 1930, a small mountain hemlock was This image shows one of the several bridges that have spannedAnnie Creek, the planted on the rim of Crater Lake in honor of the late original headquarters for Crater Lake National Park. This photo, circa 1920, Stephen T. Mather, the first National Park Service clearly shows the superintendent's residence and the park headquarters building director. In this photograph Jackson County fudge Alex behind the bridge. The National Park Service shifted its headquarters three miles Sparrow, formerly the superintendent of Crater Lake further north, to the present location, in 1924. National Park, unveils the newly dedicated tree.

ENDNOTES 1. Larry and Lloyd Smith, A Chronological History and Important Event Log of Crater Lake National Park, 1832-1985. 2. Larry and Lloyd Smith, A Chronological History. 3. Interview with Frances Sparrow Firth, Southern Oregon Historical Society Oral History, tape No. 128B, p.3. 4. William F. Willingham, Ar;,y Engineers and the Development of Oregon: A History of the Portland District US. Army Corps of Engineers (Government Printing Office, 1983), pp. 75-77. 5. M edford Mail Tribune, 18 August 1917. 6. Interview with Frances Sparrow Firth, SOHS Oral History, tape No. 128B, p.IO. 7. Interview with Frances Sparrow Firth, SOHS Oral History, tape No. 128B, pp. 34-45; M edford Mail Tribune, 10 May 1922. 8. Medford Mail Tribune, 27 October 1928. 9. M edford Mail Tribune, 27 October 1928. 10. Ashland Tidings, 25 January 1932. 11. Alex Sparrow to Horace Albright, 21 October 1917, unpublished correspondence, Albright papers, courtesy Crater Lake National Park Museum and Archives Collection. 12. Horace Albright to Alex Sparrow, 30 October 1917, unpublished correspondence, Rim road builders used a large quantity of explosives to blast apart rock and carve out a road Albright papers, courtesy Crater Lake bed. Wooden cases of dynamite stacked under a tarp await use by road crews in this photo, National Park Museum and Archives Collection. circa 1918. 13. Medford Mail Tribune, 4 February 1920.

S OUT H ERN OREG ON H ER IT AGE T ODAY 11 One popular photo opportunity location was at Sentinel Rock, on the lake's east rim. A narrow trail leads from the road to this site, affording an unobstructed view of Crater Lake.

At left, a group prepares to depart from the Chiloquin Hotel in a horse-drawn sleigh.

The Sparrow Trail, which ledfrom the lodge to the lake and which was namedfor Superintendent Alex Sparrow, was completed in 1917. In this image, a man on horseback pauses near the boat landing at the trail's end.

In September 1917 the park contracted with F.P. Salter of Medford to build two cabins for the eastern and western entrances to the park. At left, several men pose at the eastern entrance ranger cabin, located on the road to Kirk at the park boundary. This cabin was demolished in 1938.

During the offseason,]ohn Maben would often winter over at Crater Lake. Here he is holding his only companion, Nameless the cat. VoL4, N o. 5 12 p I 0 N E 1-:. H BIOGH.\I'HY ~ranc~~ ~nll~r Vidor ''I should like to be buried Str'phen R. Mark with a rock for my monument, beside the lovely and awe inspiring Crater Lake."

FRANCES fuLLER VICTOR TO O.C. APPLEGATE September 16, 1896

HE PRECIPICE NAMED FOR her still attracts many thousands of rvisitors each year, but she is not buried in Crater Lake National Park. Frances Fuller Victor was both a travel writer and a professional historian in nineteenth century Oregon, with works such as River of the West (1870) and Bancroft's Oregon I (1886) to her credit. She came to Crater Lake in July 1873 after being recruited by the Applegate family to write a popular account of the recently concluded Modoc War. It was O.C. Applegate who named a viewpoint located just below the rim for her, once the two of them made their way to it and gazed upon the lake some 900 feet below. Victor Rock remains the single most popular spot for park visitors to congregate, it being the site of the Sinnott Memorial building. Born in upstate New York, Victor Historian Frances Fuller Victor (1826-1902) first saw Oregon in 1864. was an early visitor to Crater Lake. Although her books about the Pacific Her accounts of the lake} beauty in a book Northwest resulted in regional acclaim about touring Oregon and Washington helped during her lifetime, the need to make a stirpublic interest in what would in 1902 living as a writer dictated extended become Oregon} only nationalpark. residence in California. There she worked for the H.H. Bancroft History Company Rock, and named it "Victor View."3 As a beginning in 1878. Victor produced person twice honored at Crater Lake, she volumes on Oregon and other western there in 1873.2 Atlantis Arisen sold well joined the select company ofWilliam states over the following eleven years, all and helped to make the lake a popular Gladstone Steel, Clarence Dutton, and marketed by subscription and issued destination for leisure travelers. The lake's John C. Merriam. i under Bancroft's name. This was growing reputation served as a necessary company policy, but the persistently low precursor to the national park designation Stephen R. Mark is the park historian for wages (never more than $100 per month) finally bestowed by Congress in 1902. Crater Lake National Park and Oregon Caves eventually led her to resign.l Victor Rock remained on maps of the National Monument. Once back in Oregon, Victor stirred up park after Victor died, yet construction of enough interest to publish a book she the Sinnott Memorial in 1930 quickly ENDNOTES titled Atlantis Arisen, or Talks of a Tourist eclipsed the use of her name to identifY 1. Jim Martin, A Bit of a Blue: The Life and Work of Frances Fuller Victor(Salem: Deep Well about Oregon and Washington. Intended to that locality. Rather than see it fade Publishing, 1992), pp. 160-175. impress readers with the "possibilities of further into oblivion, Park 2. Victor to Judge Matthew P. Deady, 18 the Pacific Northwest and with enough Superintendent E.P. Leavitt initiated the August 1890, quoted in Martin, A Bit of Blue, about what is to be seen to attract process of naming another spot along the p.180. tourists," it devoted several pages to rim for Victor in 1945. He chose a place 3. Steve Mark, "Victor Rock and Victor View," Nature Notes from Crater Lake 29 Crater Lake drawn from her experience on the east Rim Drive, near Sentinel (1998), p. 15.

SOUTHERN OREGO N HERIT AGE TODAY 13 p I< S I I( \. I 0 :'. f> I{ 0 1· I~

1 I rim. The season's work had largely ceased ! ; by the end of September 1917, and Bush I found himself with almost two weeks at j his disposal. Bush finally left the park on I October 20, after having chiseled and I hammered a recognizable form on the I hard rock. He had worked from memory I I by Stephen R. Mark Center to view the diminutive sculpture. and, several years later, tried to explain Chiseled from a boulder, this unfinished what possessed him: ~ work of art blends almost perfectly into a This statue represents my offering to INTER CAN LAST FOR sub-alpine forest of mountain hemlock. It the forest, my interpretation of its r more than seven months at Crater is now more than eighty years old and awful stillness and repose, its beauty, WLake National Park's Headquarters shows a few signs of age. The most fascination, and unseen life. A deep I located a mile or so below the rim in noticeable is pitting in the once-smooth love of this virgin wilderness has r Munson Valley. A sign of the coming of volcanic rock, but there are also some fastened itself upon me and remains spring appears when enough snow has details that have begun to fade with time today. It seemed that I must leave melted to reveal a figure known as the and exposure to the elements. Despite its something behind.... If it arouses Lady of the Woods. When the snow inevitable decay, the sculpture is still thought in those who see it, I shall be finally disappears, which is usually in striking and should remain recognizable amply repaid. I shall be satisfied to June or July, visitors can take a short trail well into the current century. leave my feeble attempt at sculptural located behind the Steel Information Oddly enough, the Lady of the Woods expression alone and unmarked, for was its creator's first attempt at sculpture. those who happen to see it and who The Lady of the Woods, a shy, seated nude At the time that he carved it, Earl Russell may find food for thought along the chiseled into a rock by a Park Service Bush was a thirty-one-year-old medical lines it arouses in them individually. It physician in 1917, still greets visitors doctor who attended to the road crews that would be sacrilege to assign a title and down a short path in the forest behind built the first road around Crater Lake's decorate it with a brass plate.l Park Headquarters.

1.

V OL.4, N o .5 14 By the 1930s the statue acquired both a 1988 as the Munson Valley Historic title (suggested by Fred Kiser, the District. Despite the recognition, photographer, who always seemed to find designed landscapes cannot be frozen in different ways to promote the park) and a time and compromises remain wooden sign with raised lettering. The apparent-most notably in the Park idea of leading visitors there with a trail Service utilizing historic park came under attack for the first time in headquarters structures for winter 1930, and is an objection that has been operations. This can be seen even along voiced several times since then-not by the 400-foot trail that leads to the Lady visitors or conservation groups, but by of the Woods. Not only have the old park employees who thought the mess hall and meat house been adaptively sculpture did not belong in a "natural" reused (for ranger operations and a trail the aesthetic tastes of Europe at roughly area.2 To them, such artifice had no place cache, respectively); looming in the the same time as the public park even at park headquarters, where rustic distance between them is a more recent movement came across the Atlantic. It is architecture and naturalistic landscape maintenance shop. The latter is an therefore no surprise that public parks design blend aesthetics with function. especially unfortunate example of form could encompass not only the countryside Just as with stone masonry (which is us.ed following function, v,;e ~y much out of within or adjacent to cities, but also the on buildings and is evident in walls, steps, lace next to a historic district where most sublime scenery, particularly where curbs and even drainage features inside design with nature is so eyi.dent. the land remained in the public domain. the park), the carving constitutes an W ii~ change is important, character- National parks are really part of a vast attempt to design with nature. The only defining features of the historic district national estate, where a few of the most difference is that the sculpture's and (in particular the Lady of the unusual features such as Crater Lake can functional aspects may not be Woods) are more significant as be protected for future generations to immediately apparent to those viewing it. representations of continuity. This type of contemplate. By seeing sublime Whereas the function of most built continuity pertains to how parks evolved landscapes as art, the prevailing taste features at park headquarters has been as a cultural expression of interaction allowed for access but sought to minimize put in terms of visitor services with a certain setting 0r environment. visitor impact. Consequently, developments (information, restrooms) or support Parks began as simple enclosures, in the national parks have usually had facilities (employee housing, offices, intended as places w ~re the nobility both functional and ornamental qualities, equipment storage), the Lady of the exercised exclusive hunti n . rights. with the best being subordinate and Woods serves to instruct and inspire. The During the seventeenth anH eighteenth inspired by their surroundings.5 sculpture can speak to change, because centuries parks fused with\ornamental Employees and visitors are now eight decades ago the park headquarters gardens, the latter having originated in prevented by government regulations site looked considerably different than it the ancient world from an urge to from making artistic statements similar does today. When Bush made his carving manipulate nature and create pleasing to Bush's, but the Lady of the Woods is a in 1917, there were only three log effects. Features of the garden (such as rare window into the cultural patterns buildings and a barn with no attempt at plantings that imitated growth in the behind the origin and use of national year-round occupancy of the site. Less wild, walks, ~nd statuary ?r other . . parks. Through this sculpture and rustic than a decade later the National Park structures built to arouse :111. gs ectlon m architecture elsewhere at Crater Lake, it Service began building a headquarters on , . those allowed access) followe ··. c aS's fc~is possible to relate the story of how a the site of the former road camp, then ·models at first and th ~ n became more collective perception of nature developed slowly expanded it over time to impinge "ria.sural" as t?e _desire to emulate through time and found expression in on the sanctity of the mostly undisturbed land~cape pamtmgs. spread throughout gardens parks and finally sublime 3 forest that Bush once knew. 'uvveste.r;n ' E urope. 4 landscapes' like' the area around the Park The Lady of the Woods is not, The Ep.glish were especially adept at Headquarters. :1 however, a merely antiquarian artifact creating 11 lq.ndscape gardens" and (where the past is separated from the developed a N"ocabulary for enjoying the Stephen R. Mark is the park historian for present) because landscape architects "picturesque" surroundings cpntrived to Crater L ake National Park and Oregon Caves working for the National Park Service appear more natural than Nature itself. National M on ument. incorporated it within an exceptionally The private landscape gardens of the coherent site design, listed on the gentry and a newly rich class of E NDN OTES National Register of Historic Places in merchants thus became models for newly established public parks that first L Anne Shannon Monroe, "The Lady of the Woods" in Oregon Out ifDoors (Portland: appeared in the nineteenth century. The Mazamas, 1922), p. 124. Patrons of the landscaped parks 2. E. C. Solinsky, Superintendent, to D r. Earl brought their vocabulary with them when Bush, 17 July 1930, manuscript ftles, Crater they went beyond their estates and Lake National Park 3. Steve Mark, Park Headquarters H istoric searched for "sublime" scenery. These first Walking Tour (Crater Lake: Crater Lake "tourists" followed their guidebooks to Natural H istory Association, 1999), p. 7. find monumental scenery that matched 4. William Gladstone Steel, "Lady of the the lighting effects employed by Woods," Steel Points j unior 1:1 (July 1925), landscape painters to animate mountains, PP· 4-6. 5. Richard M. Brown, "The Lady of the forests, lakes, waterfalls, caves, and Woods Revisited," Nature Notes from Crater coastlines. Americans as a mass embraced Lake 21 (1955), pp. 5-12.

S OU T H ERN OR EGON H E RIT A G E T OD A Y 15 ROOTl~D I l 11 I S 'I 0 H \ !

by Donn L. Todt and Nan Hannon Il longer than most archaeologists of the time realized. Radiocarbon dating and tree-ring analysis later suggested a date The end came with alarming suddenness. A for the Mazama eruption at about 6,800 years ago, a date puffof vapor from the summit gave warning. recently refined to about 7,720 years ago. A partial sandal from the same cave was radiocarbon dated to about 9,000 years ago, Quickly it expanded, like a cluster ofgiant providing more evidence for the great antiquity of this sandal­ balloons, boiling and seething with incredible making tradition. Archaeologists excavated nearly 100 sandals and sandal energy. Then came an ear-splitting roar.l fragments from the Fort Rock Cave. Nearly all were made from the twisted and twined bark of sagebrush, one of the most characteristic plants of the Great Basin. Sagebrush, besides being OUNT MAzAMA's ERUPTION SENT readily available, was easy to work with, fragrant, and provided pumice and ash billowing away from the summit to setde, welcome insulation. A flap at the front of a sandal pulled back Msnow-like, over a vast portion of the interior Far West. Were over the toes and secured with a twine of twisted sagebrush fiber there people present to leave tracks in that fresh layer of ash? protected people from the cold northern desert air. That was an open question in the 1930s. Scientists were Additional archaeological work in eastern and southeastern puzzling out a history that recognized Euroamerican presence in Oregon, as well as in other parts of the Great Basin, has the West as only the most recent revealed numerous plants used by page in a long series of volumes. early peoples of the region. In Anthropologists judged that many of the excavations, a layer of evidence for an ancient Native Mazama ash provides a readily American presence in the interior identifiable marker in time, a pale, Far West was tenuous at best; the thin geological stratum inserted occupation of such a seemingly into the indefinite chronology of inhospitable place as the Northern the peopling of the Far West. Great Basin was surely a relatively The book of the ancient Native recent occurrence. American history of the West is The question of the chronological still difficult to read, but one relationship between early peoples conclusion is clear. People have and the eruption of Mount I> been at home here for a very long Mazama was illuminated in the ~ period of time. Tracks made in the dim light of an excavation within a ______.;.;... _____D_ r.-. -L-u-th_er_C_r._~-ss_m_a_n_, _ ash of Mount Mazama were a cave near Fort Rock, southeast of Bend. Luther Cressman, of the continuation of tracks laid across University of Oregon, was doing field work in the vicinity of head of the Anthropology the landscapes of the West by Department at the Fort Rock.2 When he dug a test pit into the floor of one of the Native American peoples for University of Oregon, Fort Rock caves, he encountered several artifact-rich layers excavated these twined thousands of years prior to the before reaching a sterile layer of gritty, gray ash and pumice. great mountain's eruption. I Below that distinct horizon Cressman found a woven sandal. sagebrush sandal.fragments from a Fort Rock cave in Obviously, if the gray layer above was ash from an ancient . Ethnobotanist Donn L. Todt and 1938 volcano, as Cressman suspected, then the occupation of this anthropologist Nan Hannon garden northern desert occurred before that eruption. Cressman felt in Ashland guarded elation. Which volcano might have provided the ash? ENDNOTE How old was that eruption? 1. Howe! Williams, The Ancient Volcanoes '![Oregon (Eugene: Oregon State System of Higher Education, 1962), p. 46. Geologists identified the gray grit as Mazama ash. Cressman 2. L.S. Cressman, The Sandal and the Cave (Corvallis: Oregon State then knew that people had lived in Oregon's Great Basin for far University Press, 1981).

! j Non-profit Org US POSTAGE PAID Permit No. 164 Medford, OR I 1 d"!.~ SOUTHERN ~~~~ HISTORICAL OREGON 1111 SOCIETY ~I -SI NC!! 19-16 1 \ 106 N. Central Ave. Medford, Oregon 9750 l-5926 SOUTHERN OREGON HERITAGE TODAY