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DIATOPY of COMPLEMENT-Pu
6.ÊDIATOPY OF COMPLEMENT-pu In this chapter I catalogue the dialects of Greek in which the realis complemen- tiser system deviates in some significant way from CSMG. There are two ways this can occur: either pu spreads at the expense of oti/pos, particularly into the linguistic and cognitive weak assertive domains, or oti/pos spreads at the ex- pense of pu, particularly into the emotive predetermined domain. Both pro- cesses are attested for Modern Greek dialects.1 The strongest evidence for such a disruption is when weak assertives take pu- complements. Weak assertives are the least factive of realis predicates, and are thus the unlikeliest to take pu-complements in CSMG. One can also consider the use of pu after linguistic predicates, but this test is less reliable, since linguistic- pu is at least a marginal feature of CSMG. The major regions in which comple- mentation is significantly disrupted with respect to CSMG are given in MapÊ1. Map 1. Regions of deviant complementation discussed This is a survey of realis complementation throughout Modern Greek dialects, of a kind not attempted hitherto; for a more global purview of complementa- tion, and to place the spread of complementiser-pu in a diachronic context, I therefore concentrate not only on the distribution of pu, but also on that of other complementisersÑparticularly to in Anatolian Greek, a complementiser which 1Other issues involving complementationÑnotably syntactic issues, such as which parts of speech may take complements, and whether pu-complements may be preposedÑare addressed in ¤7.3. 266 THE STORY OF pu like pu is of relativiser origin, but unlike pu is not a locative. -
Challenges in the Codification of Endangered Languages: a Case Study of Tsakonian Greek
Journal of Applied Linguistics 31 (2016), published by the Greek Applied Linguistics Association (GALA) doi: https://doi.org/10.26262/jal.v0i31.8290, eISSN: 2408-025X CHALLENGES IN THE CODIFICATION OF ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: A CASE STUDY OF TSAKONIAN GREEK Efrosini Kritikos Independent Researcher Abstract Tsakonian is an endangered language in need of codification and digitization in order to allow its universal access and dissemination. This paper focuses on the processes of codification within a language planning framework and provides a historical review of the „graphization‟ initiatives of the language in order to shed light on its evolvement to the present date. Of interest is how „unplanned‟ language planning activities influenced by political, social and economic factors at the micro-level have affected these processes in the present case. A valid and reliable script institutionalized by the local community is vital in the creation of an emerging standard. This is essential for the development of the Tsakonian corpus via the uniform transcription of the language and transliteration of existing texts supporting the language‟s transmission and survival. The scientific, educational, technical and political issues involved in the development of a standard script and writing system are examined. A democratic model of language planning is proposed where the community is an active agent in the decision making process addressing ethical concerns of ownership and access. 1. Introduction Tsakonian1 is an endangered Indo-European language2 which Ethnologue3 classifies as a modern descendant of Laconian Doric, a dialect of Ancient Greek. It is spoken in the Peloponnese in the municipality of South Kynouria by a population according to Ethnologue of about 300 speakers. -
Primary Data Annotation and Morphophonological Analysis of the Tsakonic Dialect, Based on Fieldwork Research
Primary Data Annotation and Morphophonological Analysis of the Tsakonic Dialect, based on Fieldwork Research Styliani Georgiadou [email protected] MA in Linguistics School of English Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Supervised by Prof. Elizabeth Mela- Athanasopoulou Thessaloniki 31/08/2018 Styliani Georgiadou Styliani Georgiadou Abstract The present dissertation discussed the phonological and morphological occurring phenomena in the Tsakonic dialect. Based on the theoretical framework of language shift and language death, it also aimed to examine if and to what extend several morphophonological phenomena of the Tsakonic dialect were influenced by standard Greek; in other words, if Tsakonic has undergone attrition and constitutes an endangered language. The data were collected through fieldwork research, which was conducted in Peloponnese in November of 2016. Twelve Tsakonic speakers participated and their age ranged from 52 to 84 years old. Interviews with them took place while they were being recorded. The data were analyzed by qualitative research, thus statistical results were not included. The findings confirmed that Tsakonic has been greatly influenced by standard Greek. Its structure is now reduced and oversimplified. The Doric elements of the dialect have been preserved but they constitute mostly a lexical rather than a phonological matter. The reasons that Tsakonic is heading to its death since 1960‟s are various. The urbanization made people look for a better job in big cities, the upgrading of means of transport made the area accessible, linking the villages of Tsakonia to nearby cities. Therefore, the dominant language in Tsakonia is now standard Greek and people use it in order to communicate. The findings of the research indicated that Tsakonic is seriously endangered since there are very few young speakers. -
ISCA Workshop on Experimental Linguistics
International Speech Communication Association ExLing 2016 Proceedings of 7th Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics 27 June – 2 July 2016, Saint Petersburg, Russia Edited by Antonis Botinis Saint Petersburg National and Kapodistrian State University University of Athens ExLing 2016 Proceedings of 7th Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics Ebook ISSN: 2529-1092 Ebook ISBN: 978-960-466-161-9 Copyright © 2016 Antonis Botinis Foreword This volume includes the proceedings of ExLing 2012, the 5th Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics, in Athens, Greece, 27-29 August 2012. The first conference was organised in Athens, in 2006, under the auspices of ISCA and the University of Athens and is regularly repeated thereafter, including the last one in Paris, in 2011. In accordance with the spirit of this ExLing 2012 conference, we were once again gathered in Athens to continue our discussion on the directions of linguistic research and the use of experimental methodologies in order to gain theoretical and interdisciplinary knowledge. We are happy to see that our initial attempt has gained ground and is becoming an established forum of a new generation of linguists. As in our previous conferences, our colleagues are coming from a variety of different parts of the world and we wish them a rewarding exchange of scientific achievements and expertise. This is indeed the core of the ExLing events, which promote new ideas and methodologies in an international context. We would like to thank all participants for their contributions as well as ISCA and the University of Athens. We also thank our colleagues from the International Advisory Committee and our students from the University of Athens for their assistance. -
Septième Réunion Technique Seventh Technical Meeting
UNION INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL UNION POUR LA FOR CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE CONSERVATION OF NATURE ET DE SES RESSOURCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES SEPTIÈME RÉUNION TECHNIQUE SEVENTH TECHNICAL MEETING ATHÈNES - ATHENS. 11-19 - 9 - 1958 VOLUME I. ÉROSION ET CIVILISATIONS EROSION AND CIVILIZATIONS ÉDUCATION EN MATIÈRE DE CONSERVATION CONSERVATION EDUCATION POLLUTION ATOMIQUE – ATOMIC HASARDS 1959 UNION INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL UNION POUR LA FOR CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE CONSERVATION OF NATURE ET DE SES RESSOURCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES SEPTIÈME RÉUNION TECHNIQUE SEVENTH TECHNICAL MEETING ATHÈNES - ATHENS 11-19 SEPT. 1958 VOLUME I. ÉROSION ET CIVILISATIONS EROSION AND CIVILIZATIONS ÉDUCATION EN MATIÈRE DE CONSERVATION CONSERVATION EDUCATION POLLUTION ATOMIQUE - ATOMIC HAZARDS 31. Rue Vautier BRUXELLES - BRUSSELS 1 9 5 9 LISTE DES PARTICIPANTS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Délégué d'un État membre. G = Delegate of a member State. D = Délégué d'une organisation D = Delegate of a member organi- membre. zation. OG = Observateur d'un État membre OG = Observer of a member or ou non-membre. non-member State. O = Observateur (dans le cas d'orga- O = Observer of a member or nisations membres ou non- non-member organization. membres). Allemagne — Germany. OFFNER, H. G Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Bonn. VON SCHMOLLER, G. OG Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Ambassade d'Allemagne, Odos Isiodou, 22, Athènes. VON ARNIM, H. D Bund für Naturschutz in Bayern. Oskar-v.-Miller-Ring, München 25. BURHENNE, Claire. O Schutzgemeinschaft Deutsches Wild. Georgenstrasse, 27, München 13. BURHENNE, Wolfgang. D Schutzgemeinschaft Deutsches Wild. Lutfridstrasse, 10, O Deutscher Jagdschutzverband. Bonn. O Interparlamentarische Arbeitsgemein- schaft. CHRISTIANSEN-WENIGER, Friedrich. Ambassade d'Allemagne, P.K. 511, Ankara (Turquie). -
In the Tsakonian-Speaking Area of Arcadia∗
SUBDIALECTAL DIVERSITY IN THE TSAKONIAN-SPEAKING AREA OF ARCADIA∗ Valentina Fedchenko St. Petersburg State University This paper presents the results of the field research, launched in the Tsakonian-speaking area in 2010-2012 by the Hellenic Institute in Saint-Petersburg. Geographical and social differences in the dialect area have been studied; a correlation between them has been revealed. Two varieties of the Southern Tsakonian dialect have been distinguished: the palatalized variant of Prastos, and the non-palatalized one of Melana. Nowadays this distinction is influenced by two dialect descriptions (Kostakis, 1951; Deffner, 1881), assumed by the community speakers. 1 Purpose of study The aim of this paper is to present geographical and social varieties of the Southern Tsakonian dialect and to analyze different linguistic and extralinguistic factors that contribute to the emergence and increase of the dialect diversity in the region. The analysis is based on the materials of a number of expeditions in the Tsakonian-speaking area in 2010-2012, organized by the Hellenic Institute in Saint-Petersburg and lead by my colleague Ass. Prof. Maxim Kisilier. In the first phase of the study the materials were collected by narrative interviews in Tsakonian and sociolinguistic and ethnolinguistic questionnaires in Modern Greek. After having revealed the key local dialect variation, a number of phonetic, morphosyntactic and lexical questionnaires were compiled. ∗ The research is supported by the Russian Foundation of Humanities (№ 11-04-00048а). [email protected] 76 Subdialectal Diversity in the Tsakonian-speaking Area of Arcadia 77 2 Dialect speaking community The Tsakonian dialect spoken on the eastern Peloponnese nowadays has a relatively small area of extension and is usually divided in two subdialect groups:1 northern2 and southern. -
Young-Participants-1961 37999-600
INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY FIRST SESSION 16-23 JUNE 1961 OLYMPIA SECOND EDITION Published by the Hellenic Olympic Committee 4, Kapsali Street, Athens (138) - Greece Printed by : Grafiki EPE Athens 1973 The first edition was arranged jointly by the Hellenic Olympic Commitee and the National Olympic Committee of Germany. 1961. REPORT OF THE FIRST SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY AT OLYMPIA ATHENS 1961 CONTENTS Introduction 7 The Olympia Myth Address on the Occasion of the Handing-Over of the Antique Stadium at Olympia. By Prof. Dr. Carl J. Burckhardt, Basle, June 22, 1961 9 Olympia — Spiritual Symbol The Excavation of the third Antique Stadium By Prof. Emil Kunze, Director of the German Archaeological Institute at Athens, June 16, 1961 14 An «Elis» of Our Times Meaning and Purpose of an Olympic Academy By Prof. Dr. med, et litt. h. c. Carl Diem, Rector of the Cologne Sporthochschule, June 20, 1961 18 A Rampart against Decline The meaning of the Olympic Games By N. Ph. Yalouris, Ephoros of Olympia, June 20, 1961 23 Plato's Charioteer The whole Man, Science, and Physical Education By Dr. Arthur H. Steinhaus, Professor of Physiology and Dean, George Williams College, Chicago, Illinois, June 20,1961 28 Origin of the Modern Theory of Training By Cleanthis Palaeologos, Director of the National-Academy for Physical Training in Athens, June 17, 1961 37 Sports Training in Great Britain By Albert Davis Munrow, Director of the Department of Physi cal Education, University of Birmingham, June 21, 1961 45 Sports Education By Ernst Hirt, Director of the College of Physical Education, Budapest, June 19, 1961 52 Psychological Problems and Advice on Training By Prof.