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Breaking Silence Training Manual

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Breaking Silence Training Manual BREAKING SILENCE Interpreting for Victim Services A Training Manual by Marjory A. Bancroft, MA, Katharine Allen, MA, Carola E. Green, and Lois M. Feuerle, PhD, JD A Project of Ayuda Funded by the District of Columbia Office of Victim Services and Justice Grants This training manual for interpreters was produced by Cross-Cultural Communications, LLC, for Ayuda, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Washington, DC, under Grant Number 2015-Ayuda-002 awarded by the District of Columbia, Executive Office of the Mayor, Office of Victim Services and Justice Grants. The opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this training manual are those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the District of Columbia, Executive Office of the Mayor, Office of Victim Services and Justice Grants, or Ayuda. For questions about this manual, please contact the Language Access Director at Ayuda. Ayuda 6925B Willow Street, NW Washington, DC 20012 Phone: (202) 243-7317 Fax: (202) 387-0324 CONTENTS PREFACE ...........................................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................2 ABOUT THE AUTHORS .................................................................................................7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES ..............................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................13 MODULE 1 AN OVERVIEW OF VICTIM SERVICES ...............................................17 Introduction .........................................................................................................................19 1.1 Victim Services, Victimology and Victimization ............................................................ 23 1.2 Common Settings for Victim Services ........................................................................... 36 1.3 Impact of Crime .............................................................................................................51 MODULE 2 VICARIOUS TRAUMA AND SELF CARE .............................................67 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 69 2.1 Stress and Vicarious Trauma .......................................................................................... 72 2.2 Techniques for Reducing Stress and Trauma ................................................................. 86 2.3 Writing a Self-care Plan ................................................................................................. 97 MODULE 3 INTERPRETING SKILLS AND MODES .............................................105 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 107 3.1 Mode Switching............................................................................................................110 3.2 Techniques for Sight Translation ................................................................................. 124 3.3 Summarization ............................................................................................................ 130 MODULE 4 NOTE-TAKING FOR CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETING .................137 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 139 4.1 Note-taking Techniques ...............................................................................................141 4.2 Develop Symbols and Abbreviations .............................................................................150 4.3 Practice Consecutive Interpreting Note-taking .............................................................155 MODULE 5 SEXUAL ASSAULT AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ............................. 159 Introduction .......................................................................................................................161 5.1 Interpreting for Survivors of Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence ............................ 164 5.2 Strategies for Adapting Ethics .......................................................................................178 5.3 Interpreting Protocols for Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence ................................ 206 MODULE 6 TECHNIQUES TO PROMOTE SURVIVOR AUTONOMY ...............225 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 227 6.1 Techniques for Mediation ............................................................................................ 229 6.2 Strategic Mediation Techniques in Legal and Community Interpreting ...................... 235 6.3 Decision-making and Survivor Autonomy ................................................................... 240 MODULE 7 CULTURAL MEDIATION ....................................................................245 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 247 7.1 Unconscious Bias ......................................................................................................... 249 7.2 Cultural Communities and Cultural Concerns .............................................................257 7.3 Effective Cultural Mediation ....................................................................................... 272 MODULE 8 TERMINOLOGY IN VICTIM SERVICES ............................................279 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 281 8.1 Setting-specific Terminology ....................................................................................... 283 8.2 Strategies to Enhance Terminology ............................................................................. 289 8.3 Specialized Victim Services ......................................................................................... 294 A PARTING WORD .....................................................................................................305 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...........................................................................................................307 PREFACE This training manual supports a four- to five-day training program for interpreters that was created for the Emergency and Victim Services Interpreter Bank in Washington, DC. Each module in this manual corresponds to a half-day workshop. The manual can, therefore, be used to support the delivery of shorter programs or independent workshops based on the themes of each half-day module. The training program that is supported by this manual and also by a companion workbook of exercises and role plays was created for Ayuda. Ayuda is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area that advocates for low-income immigrants through legal, social and language services, as well as through the delivery of training and outreach programs. This interpreter training manual will help to prepare qualified, professional interpreters for a specialized area: interpreting for victim services. It addresses how to interpret for any victim of violent crime. Breaking Silence has a particular focus on interpreting for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault and child abuse. The key service areas that are addressed here include medical, mental health, legal, court and social services interpreting (whether for government and nonprofit agencies or large health care institutions) as well as interpreting for law enforcement, emergency services and disaster response. This interpreter training manual comes with a companion workbook (Breaking Silence: A Workbook of Role Plays and Exercises) and a specialized glossary (Breaking Silence: An Interpreter’s Glossary of Victim Services Terminology). These materials have been made public domain, which means that any qualified interpreter trainer or training agency should feel free to make good use of them. These materials are also part of a larger project that was funded by the District of Columbia Office of Victim Services (OVS) to create and run an Emergency and Victim Services Bank. From the inception of this project, OVS intended to involve trauma-informed interpreters in the delivery of interpreting services to its local network of victim service providers. After determining that OVS was unable to locate a training program for victim services interpreting of adequate depth, this program was commissioned by OVS and created for Ayuda by Cross-Cultural Communications, a national interpreter-training agency based in Maryland. Originally, the program was created to train a local corps of trauma-informed interpreters who would specialize in victim services interpreting. It can, however, be used anywhere, not only in the Washington, DC, area. A TRAINING MANUAL 1 PREFACE It is important to make the following points clear, because these materials are entering the public domain: ● This program, its manual and any companion training materials are intended for the use of trained, professional interpreters and professional trainers of interpreters. ● This program is specialized training, not general or introductory training. ● If you are an
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