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History of Design by Kirkham - Uncorrected Page Proofs History of Design Copyright © 2013 Bard Graduate Center BGCTxtbk_FM_3p.indd 1 8/5/13 4:09 PM History of Design by Kirkham - Uncorrected Page Proofs Pat Kirkham Susan Weber Editors The Bard Graduate Center History of Design DECORATIVE ARTS AND MATERIAL CULTURE, 1400–2000 With contributions by published by John Robert Alderman George Michell Bard Graduate Center: Decorative Arts, Marcus B. Burke Barbara E. Mundy Design History, Material Culture Silke Bettermann Amy F. Ogata New York Jeffrey Collins Jorge F. Rivas Pérez Aimée E. Froom Maria Ruvoldt Yale University Press Annette Hagedorn Tomoko Sakomura New Haven and London David Jaffee Enid Schildkrout Rose Kerr Lee Talbot Pat Kirkham Sarah Teasley Patricia Lara-Betancourt Carol Thompson Christian A. Larsen Tom Tredway Dana Leibsohn Norman Vorano Sarah A. Lichtman Catherine L. Whalen Andrew Morrall Copyright © 2013 Bard Graduate Center BGCTxtbk_FM_3p.indd 2-3 8/5/13 4:10 PM History of Design by Kirkham - Uncorrected Page Proofs The Bard Graduate Center gratefully acknowledges The Tiffany & Co. Foundation for its leadership support of this publication. Copyright © 2013 Bard Graduate Center: Decorative Arts, Design History, Material Culture All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted in Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. Additional funds were generously given by The Sherrill Foundation Project Director: Pat Kirkham and Fundación Cisneros/Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros. Project Editor: Heather Jane McCormick Senior Manuscript Editor: Martina D’Alton Managing Editor (2009–11): Sarah B. Sherrill Design: Rita Jules, Miko McGinty Inc. Typesetting: Tina Henderson Printed in China LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA History of design : decorative arts and material culture, 1400-2000 / [edited by] Pat Kirkham and Susan Weber. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-300-19614-6 (hardback) 1. Decorative arts—History. I. Kirkham, Pat, editor of compilation. II. Weber, Susan, 1954- editor of compilation. NK600.H57 2013 745—dc23 2013019464 Cover: t/k Frontispiece: t/k Page vii: t/k This book has been typeset in Mercury and Ideal Sans designed by Jonathan Hoefler and Tobias Frere-Jones, winners of the 2013 American Institute of Graphics Arts Medal. Mercury, released in 1996, is a contemporary font family inspired by the spirited forms of Dutch Baroque typefaces, including the punches cut by Johann Michael Fleischman (1701–1768). This volume is composed in Mercury Text Grade 3, one of the four grades available that allow for fine control of text color at different sizes. It is included in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York. Ideal Sans, released in 2011, engagingly incorporates the clarity of sans serif letterforms with humanist proportions and modulated strokes suggesting hand craftsmanship. As an extensive type family incorporating eight weight gradations, Ideal Sans is both legible at small sizes and expressive as a display font. Copyright © 2013 Bard Graduate Center BGCTxtbk_FM_3p.indd 4-5 8/5/13 4:10 PM History of Design by Kirkham - Uncorrected Page Proofs CONTENTS Contributors viii Director’s Foreword x Editors’ Acknowledgments xi Editors’ Introduction xii Editors’ Note to the Reader xiii 1400–1600 CHAPTER 1 East Asia 2 CHAPTER 2 India 32 CHAPTER 3 The Islamic World 48 CHAPTER 4 Africa 66 CHAPTER 5 Europe 82 CHAPTER 6 The Americas 116 1600–1750 CHAPTER 7 East Asia 144 CHAPTER 8 India 174 CHAPTER 9 The Islamic World 196 CHAPTER 10 Africa 212 CHAPTER 11 Europe 230 CHAPTER 12 The Americas 268 1750–1900 CHAPTER 13 East Asia 308 CHAPTER 14 India 338 CHAPTER 15 The Islamic World 358 CHAPTER 16 Africa 374 CHAPTER 17 Europe 394 CHAPTER 18 The Americas 436 1900–2000 CHAPTER 19 East Asia 482 CHAPTER 20 India 514 CHAPTER 21 The Islamic World 532 CHAPTER 22 Africa 546 CHAPTER 23 Europe and the Americas 566 Maps 654 Quotation Sources 660 Further Reading 662 Authors’ Acknowledgments 670 Index 671 Illustration Credits 689 Copyright © 2013 Bard Graduate Center BGCTxtbk_FM_3p.indd 6-7 8/5/13 4:10 PM History of Design by Kirkham - Uncorrected Page Proofs CONTRIBUTORS JOHN ROBERT ALDERMAN—Independent art historian ROSE KERR—Honorary Associate of the Needham Research GEORGE MICHELL—Independent scholar, trained as an LEE TALBOT—Curator, Eastern Hemisphere Collections, The and writer on India, contributor to African Elites in India Institute, Cambridge, has written widely on Asian art and architect and studied Indian art and archaeology at the Textile Museum, Washington, DC, and doctoral candidate, (2006), and author of numerous book reviews about India. design. Publications include Ceramic Technology: Science and School of Oriental and African Studies, London. His publica- Bard Graduate Center. Publications include Threads of Civilisation in China (2004), Song China Through 21st Century tions range from two volumes of The New Cambridge History Heaven: Textiles in East Asian Rituals and Ceremony (2006) MARCUS B. BURKE—Senior Curator, The Hispanic Society Eyes (2009), and Chinese Export Ceramics (2011). of India (1993, 1995) to Hindu Art and Architecture (2000) and and Woven Treasures of Japan’s Tawaraya Workshop (2012). of America, New York, has written extensively on Spanish The Majesty of Mughal Decoration (2007). and Latin American art and culture. Publications range from PAT KIRKHAM—Professor, Bard Graduate Center; Editorial SARAH TEASLEY—Reader in Design History and Theory, Spain and New Spain (1979) to El Alma de España / The Soul of Board: Journal of Design History (1988–1999). She has written BARBARA E. MUNDY—Associate Professor, Art History, Royal College of Art, London. She has written widely on Spain (2005) and “The Madrazo-Fortuny Family” in Fortuny widely on design, gender, film, and material culture. Publica- Fordham University, New York. Publications include The design and architecture in modern and contemporary Japan. y Madrazo: An Artistic Legacy (2012). tions range from The London Furniture Trade (1988) to The Mapping of New Spain (1996), Vistas: Visual Culture in Spanish Publications include Global Design History (co-editor, 2011) Gendered Object (editor and contributing author, 1996), Women America, 1520–1820 (with Dana Leibsohn, 2010), Remembering and Designing Modern Japan (2013). SILKE BETTERMANN—Librarian and scholar at the Designers in the USA, 1900–2000 (editor and contributing Tenochtitlan: The Transformation of Mexico City (forthcoming). Beethoven-Haus, Bonn, specializing in correlations between author, 2000), and Saul Bass: A Life in Design and Film (2011). CAROL THOMPSON—The Fred and Rita Richman Curator fine arts and music. Publications includeNaoum Aronson und AMY F. OGATA—Professor, Bard Graduate Center, has writ- of African Art, High Museum, Atlanta. Exhibitions and publi- Ludwig Van Beethoven (2002), “Oriental Themes in the Work PATRICIA LARA-BETANCOURT—Research Fellow, the ten widely on European and American modern architecture cations include: African Art Portfolio, An Illustrated Introduc- of Moritz Von Schwind,” in Facts and Artefacts: Art in the Modern Interiors Research Centre, Kingston University, Lon- and design. Publications include Art Nouveau and the Social tion (1993), For This World and Beyond (2002), and Radcliffe Islamic World (2007), and Beethoven im Bild (2012). don. Publications include Performance, Fashion and the Mod- Vision of Modern Living: Belgian Artists in a European Context Bailey: Memory as Medicine (2011). ern Interior (co-editor, 2011) and articles on the history of the (2001) and Designing the Creative Child: Playthings and Places JEFFREY COLLINS—Professor and Chair of Academic Pro- nineteenth-century drawing room in Colombia. in Midcentury America (2013). TOM TREDWAY—Doctoral candidate, Bard Graduate Center. grams, Bard Graduate Center. Publications include Papacy and Author of several book chapters and articles on twentieth- Politics in Eighteenth-Century Rome: Pius VI and the Arts CHRISTIAN A. LARSEN—Doctoral candidate and Curatorial JORGE F. RIVAS PÉREZ—Curator, Colección Patricia Phelps century designers and architects, including Eva Zeisel, Elsa (2004), Pedro Friedeberg (contributing author, 2009), and Fellow, Bard Graduate Center; former Assistant Curator, de Cisneros. Publications include Arte del Período Hispánico Schiaparelli, and Paul Rudolph. studies of painting, prints, sculpture, architecture, urbanism, Department of Architecture & Design, Museum of Modern Venezolano (2000), Devoción Privada (2004), El Repertorio museology, furniture, and film. Art, New York. Publications include Digitally Mastered Clásico en el Mobiliario Venezolano (2007), De Oficio Pintor NORMAN VORANO—Curator of Contemporary Inuit Art, (2006–7), 50 Years of Helvetica (2007–8), and Ateliers Jean (2007), and Cornelis Zitman (2011). Canadian Museum of Civilization; has lectured, taught, and AIMÉE E. FROOM—Independent scholar, formerly Hagop Prouvé (2008–9). published widely on Indigenous North American arts, museum Kevorkian Associate Curator of Islamic Art, Brooklyn Museum, MARIA RUVOLDT—Assistant Professor, Fordham University, studies, and modernism. Publications include Inuit Prints, New York, and former visiting professor at Brown University DANA LEIBSOHN—Professor, Art Department, Smith Col- New York. Publications include The Italian Renaissance Imag- Japanese