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Erie County Greenways

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Erie County Greenways NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA GREENWAYS Erie County, Pennsylvania DCNR Project No. BRC-12.5.2 Pashek Associates February 8, 2010 Amended by Erie County Planning Department Introduction What is a Greenway? 2 Why a Greenways Plan for Erie County? 2 How was the Greenways Plan Developed? 3 Three-Step Process 3 Public Participation 3 Purpose of the Greenways Plan 3 Goals and Objectives 4 Chapter One – Where are we now? Gathering the Data 6 Existing Plans, Studies, and Other Planning Efforts 6 Erie County Comprehensive Plan (2003) 6 Erie County Natural Heritage Inventory (1993) 7 Erie County Greenways and Trails Plan (2000) 8 Pennsylvania Statewide Greenway Plan (2001) 8 Trail Feasibility Studies 9 Watershed Management Plans / Water Quality Studies 10 Miscellaneous Plans 12 Municipal Comprehensive Plans and Other Land Use Tools 13 Statewide Recreation Planning: Keystone Active Zone 15 Natural and Ecological Infrastructure Inventories 16 Natural Infrastructure Inventory Map 17 Ecological Infrastructure Inventory Map 18 Erie County Natural Heritage Inventory Sites 19 Descriptions of Natural and Ecological Inventory Elements 21 Gray Infrastructure 29 Inactive Rail Lines 29 Highway Bike Lanes 30 Shared Use Paths 30 Park and Ride Lots 30 Bus, Train, and Water Taxi Terminals 31 Canals 31 Erie County Greenways Plan Recreational Opportunities Inventory 31 State Parks and Facilities 31 Community and Neighborhood Parks 32 Private Parks and Recreational Facilities 33 Campgrounds 33 Bikeways and Pedestrian Paths 33 Waterfront Access Areas 33 Fishing Opportunities 34 Water Trails and Canoeing Opportunities 35 Recreational Opportunities Map 38 Cultural Resources Inventory 39 Historic Resources 39 Scenic Highways and Trails 43 National Natural Landmarks 44 Cultural Destinations 44 Cultural & Historic Resources Inventory Map 45 Population 46 Population Centers and Destinations 46 Population Density Map 48 Population Trends 49 Chapter Two - Where do we want to be? Creating The Vision: Designing a Greenways Network 52 The Criteria 52 The Structure of the Network 52 Natural Systems Greenways 53 Identification of Natural Systems Greenways 53 Natural Systems Greenways Priorities and Sensitivity Levels 54 Natural Systems Greenways Map 57 Natural Systems Greenways Corridor Descriptions 58 Level of Recommended Conservation 65 Recreation and Transportation Greenways 66 Potential Trail Towns and Destination Points 66 Recreation and Transportation Greenways 67 Recreation and Transportation Greenways Map 71 Page ii Erie County Greenways Plan Chapter Three - How do we get there? Natural Systems Greenways 74 Prioritization of Natural System Greenways 74 Recommendations for County and Municipal Planning Efforts 76 Recommendations for Regional Level Priority Natural Systems Corridors 85 Additional Recommendations for Conservation of Natural Systems Corridors 85 Erie County Greenways Map 89 Recreation and Transportation Greenways 90 Land Based Trails 90 Water Trails 97 Bicycle Routes 99 Snowmobile Trails 99 Trail Towns 100 Developing Partnerships for Implementation 103 Proposed Management Structure 103 Partners in Implementation 103 Strategies to Implement the County Greenway Network 105 Implementation Tools and Resources 117 Acquisition Tools 117 Regulatory Tools 119 Land Trust Organizations 126 Potential Funding Sources 127 Page iii Introduction Erie County Greenways Plan - A Component of the Northwest Pennsylvania Greenways Plan Erie County Greenways Plan Introduction The Erie County Greenways Plan is part of a larger Northwest Pennsylvania Greenways Planning effort undertaken by the Northwest Regional Planning and Development Commission. The Northwest Pennsylvania Greenways planning process was a multi-county effort completed for the Commission’s eight counties. Individual plans were completed for six counties, including: • Erie County • Clarion County • Crawford County • Forest County • Venango County • Warren County Before the start of this plan individual plans for Lawrence and Mercer Counties were completed. Their results were synthesized into the Northwest Region Greenways Plan. What is a Greenway? The term “Greenway” was first coined in the 19th century, and since that time greenways have been defined in many ways. Some people think of greenways as primarily recreational (1) trails for hiking, jogging, biking, or canoeing/kayaking (often called water trails or “blueways”). For them, greenways are places that offer opportunities to experience the outdoors. For others, the purpose of greenways is primarily for conservation (2) of undeveloped land containing important natural resources like forests, wetlands, and stream banks, along with the plants and animals that live there. Still others see greenways in aesthetic (3) terms, preserving the pastoral countryside setting in rural areas, protecting outstanding natural features such as stream valleys, forested ridges, and sensitive habitats. All three of these ideas (recreation, conservation, and aesthetic) are embraced by the following all- encompassing definition, which was developed through the Northwest Pennsylvania Greenways Planning effort for the region’s participating counties: A greenway is a corridor of open space. Greenways vary greatly in scale, from narrow ribbons of green that run through urban, suburban, and rural areas to wider corridors that incorporate diverse natural, cultural and scenic features. They may follow old railways, canals, or ridge tops, or they may follow stream corridors, shorelines, or wetlands, and include water trails. Some greenways are for human activity and may accommodate motorized and non-motorized recreation and transportation uses. Other greenways conserve natural infrastructure for the benefit of community, economy, and environment and are not designed for human passage. Why a Greenways Plan for Erie County? Greenways provide numerous and diverse benefits to local municipalities and their residents. For example, greenway corridors established to preserve contiguous forest or open space protect habitat for wildlife, and in certain instances, habitat for threatened or endangered species. Greenways along rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs may have multiple advantages such as habitat protection, flood control, and drinking water protection. Corridors linking areas of farmland and open space help to preserve the rural landscape and way of life. Many of these benefits are interrelated and work together to bolster quality of life in the region. For example, providing transportation alternatives in the form of trails, shared use paths, or safe routes to school, leads to better health and fitness. Similarly, conserving historic and cultural resources supports economic prosperity by attracting visitors from outside and inside the region. Page 2 Erie County Greenways Plan Erie County contains a diversity of environmental, cultural, and historic resources. The County, its municipalities, and regional partnership organizations have an opportunity to protect and maximize the benefits of these resources by planning for the future, and by promoting and conserving our resources with a green infrastructure planning approach. Furthermore, it is recognized that there are economic and social benefits that may be achieved by better connecting our residents to our resources through the possible expansion of existing greenways or the development of additional recreational greenways in appropriate areas throughout the County. The process of establishing a greenway network in Erie County and throughout Northwest Pennsylvania will not take away the rights of property owners, nor will it restrict development in the region. The greenway network will promote sustainable development, reduce development costs, and reduce the burden of providing public services on local, county, and state governments. How was the Greenways Plan Developed? Three-Step Process The Greenway Plan utilized a three-step process that answers three basic questions: 1. Where are we now? - In this phase, we gathered information about the natural and cultural assets of the County that may form the building blocks of conservation or recreation corridors. 2. Where do we want to be? - In this phase, we developed the “vision.” Specifically, the plan utilizes the information gathered during the inventory phase and identifies potential opportunities for networks of greenways and trails linking important destinations throughout the County. 3. How do we get there? - This phase identifies and provides strategies that may be used to implement the plan. Public Participation The importance of public participation in the planning process cannot be overstated. An effort was made during the planning process to solicit the knowledge and expertise of local residents and officials, as well as to take into consideration their views, concerns and recommendations. During this process, input was obtained by a variety of methods, including study committee meetings, public meetings, key person interviews and field visits. A preliminary draft of the plan was subjected to a 45-day, public review and comment period that ended July 8, 2009. Following this comment period, a public hearing was held before Erie County Council on July 21, 2009. Based on comments received, and with consideration of the public’s views, appropriate revisions were made to the final plan. Purpose of the Greenways Plan The purpose of this plan is to gather information about the natural and cultural assets of the County that may form the building blocks of conservation and recreational
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