Does Sumatriptan Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier in Animals and Man?
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Perception of Facial Expressions in Social Anxiety and Gaze Anxiety
The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal (URJ) Volume 9 Issue 1 Article 6 2016 Perception of Facial Expressions in Social Anxiety and Gaze Anxiety Aaron Necaise University of Central Florida, [email protected] Part of the Psychology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/urj University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Office of Undergraduate Research at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal (URJ) by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Necaise, Aaron (2016) "Perception of Facial Expressions in Social Anxiety and Gaze Anxiety," The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal (URJ): Vol. 9 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/urj/vol9/iss1/6 Necaise: Perception of Facial Expressions Social Anxiety & Gaze Anxiety Published Vol. 9.1: 40-47 October 19th, 2017 THE UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH JOURNAL Analysis of the Pathomechanism and Treatment of Migraines Related to the Role of the Neuropeptide CGRP By: Marvi S. Qureshi Faculty Mentor: Dr. Mohtashem Samsam UCF Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences ABSTRACT: Migraines are a type of headache that specifically act on only one side of the head, although about 30% of patients with migraines may experience a bilateral headache. Migraines are brain disorders that typically involve issues of sensory processing taking place in the brainstem. Possible causation has been linked to blood vessels, blood flow, and oxygen levels in the brain. -
Potential Mechanisms of Prospective Antimigraine Drugs: a Focus on Vascular (Side) Effects
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Pharmacology & Therapeutics 129 (2011) 332–351 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Pharmacology & Therapeutics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pharmthera Associate Editor: John Fozard Potential mechanisms of prospective antimigraine drugs: A focus on vascular (side) effects Kayi Y. Chan a, Steve Vermeersch b, Jan de Hoon b, Carlos M. Villalón c, Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink a,⁎ a Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands b Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, (K.U. Leuven), Leuven, Belgium c Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14330, México D.F., Mexico article info abstract Available online 2 December 2010 Currently available drugs for the acute treatment of migraine, i.e. ergot alkaloids and triptans, are cranial vasoconstrictors. Although cranial vasoconstriction is likely to mediate—at least a part of—their therapeutic Keywords: effects, this property also causes vascular side-effects. Indeed, the ergot alkaloids and the triptans have been Antimigraine drugs reported to induce myocardial ischemia and stroke, albeit in extremely rare cases, and are contraindicated in Neuropeptides patients with known cardiovascular risk factors. In view of these limitations, novel antimigraine drugs -
Current and Prospective Pharmacological Targets in Relation to Antimigraine Action
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Erasmus University Digital Repository Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol (2008) 378:371–394 DOI 10.1007/s00210-008-0322-7 REVIEW Current and prospective pharmacological targets in relation to antimigraine action Suneet Mehrotra & Saurabh Gupta & Kayi Y. Chan & Carlos M. Villalón & David Centurión & Pramod R. Saxena & Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink Received: 8 January 2008 /Accepted: 6 June 2008 /Published online: 15 July 2008 # The Author(s) 2008 Abstract Migraine is a recurrent incapacitating neuro- (CGRP1 and CGRP2), adenosine (A1,A2,andA3), glutamate vascular disorder characterized by unilateral and throbbing (NMDA, AMPA, kainate, and metabotropic), dopamine, headaches associated with photophobia, phonophobia, endothelin, and female hormone (estrogen and progesterone) nausea, and vomiting. Current specific drugs used in the receptors. In addition, we have considered some other acute treatment of migraine interact with vascular receptors, targets, including gamma-aminobutyric acid, angiotensin, a fact that has raised concerns about their cardiovascular bradykinin, histamine, and ionotropic receptors, in relation to safety. In the past, α-adrenoceptor agonists (ergotamine, antimigraine therapy. Finally, the cardiovascular safety of dihydroergotamine, isometheptene) were used. The last two current and prospective antimigraine therapies is touched decades have witnessed the advent of 5-HT1B/1D receptor upon. agonists (sumatriptan and second-generation triptans), which have a well-established efficacy in the acute Keywords 5-HT. Antimigraine drugs . CGRP. treatment of migraine. Moreover, current prophylactic Noradrenaline . Migraine . Receptors treatments of migraine include 5-HT2 receptor antagonists, Ca2+ channel blockers, and β-adrenoceptor antagonists. Despite the progress in migraine research and in view of its Introduction complex etiology, this disease still remains underdiagnosed, and available therapies are underused. -
Serotonin Receptor Knockouts: a Moody Subject David Julius* Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0450
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 15153–15154, December 1998 Commentary Serotonin receptor knockouts: A moody subject David Julius* Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0450 The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptors are expressed in a number of brain regions to which is believed to play a significant role in determining one’s serotonergic neurons project, including the hippocampus, ce- emotional state. Indeed, serotonergic synapses are sites of rebral cortex, and amygdala (11, 12). As in the case of action for a number of mood-altering drugs, including the presynaptic autoreceptors, activation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A now-legendary antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) (1). As a receptors leads to hyperpolarization of the neuron and the result, there has been tremendous interest in identifying consequent inhibition of neurotransmitter release. This effect molecular components of the serotonergic system, including appears to be mediated through a biochemical signaling path- cell surface receptors and transporters, and understanding way in which 5-HT1A receptors activate a G protein (Gi)- whether and how these proteins contribute to the regulation of coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel (13, 14). mood and emotion. This quest is driven, in part, by the In light of the pharmacological evidence that 5-HT1A re- possibility that behavioral disorders, such as depression or ceptors exert negative ‘‘feedback’’ control on serotonergic anxiety, may be linked to deficits in one or more components neurons, one would predict that mice lacking this receptor of this signaling system. Such information could, in turn, focus should show elevated levels of extraneuronal serotonin, or an attention on specific targets for the development of novel increase in the amount of serotonin released after nerve drugs with which to treat psychiatric disorders. -
Histamine and Antihistaminics Chapter 11
Histamine and Antihistaminics Chapter 11 HISTAMINE Histamine, meaning ‘tissue amine’ (histos—tissue) is almost ubiquitously present in animal tissues and in certain plants, e.g. stinging nettle. Its pharmacology was studied in detail by Dale in the beginning of the 20th century when close parallelism was noted between its actions and the manifestations of certain allergic reactions. It was implicated as a mediator of hypersensitivity Fig. 11.1: Synthesis and degradation of histamine phenomena and tissue injury reactions. It is now MAO-Monoamine oxidase known to play important physiological roles. Histamine is present mostly within storage by Asch and Schild (1966) into H1 and H2 : those granules of mast cells. Tissues rich in histamine blocked by then available antihistamines were are skin, gastric and intestinal mucosa, lungs, liver labelled H1. Sir James Black (1972) developed and placenta. Nonmast cell histamine occurs in the first H2 blocker burimamide and confirmed brain, epidermis, gastric mucosa and growing this classification. A third H3 receptor, which regions. Turnover of mast cell histamine is slow, serves primarily as an autoreceptor controlling while that of nonmast cell histamine is fast. histamine release from neurones in brain was Histamine is also present in blood, most body identified in 1983. Though some selective H3 secretions, venoms and pathological fluids. agonists and antagonists have been produced, none has found any clinical application. Features of Synthesis, storage and destruction these 3 types of histaminergic receptor are Histamine is β imidazolylethylamine. It is compared in Table 11.1. synthesized locally from the amino acid histidine Molecular cloning has revealed yet another (H4) receptor and degraded rapidly by oxidation and methylation in 2001. -
Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam Msc and Allister Vale MD
Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD January 2017 CONTENTS General Toxicology 11 Metals 38 Management 21 Pesticides 39 Drugs 23 Chemical Warfare 41 Chemical Incidents & 33 Plants 41 Pollution Chemicals 33 Animals 42 CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH 2015 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 33rd Annual Report Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, Zimmerman A, Schauben JL. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 924-1109. Introduction This is the 33rd Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' (AAPCC) National Poison Data System (NPDS). As of 1 January 2015, 55 of the nation's poison centers (PCs) uploaded case data automatically to NPDS. The upload interval was 9.52 [7.40, 13.6] (median [25%, 75%]) minutes, creating a near real-time national exposure and information database and surveillance system. Methods We analyzed the case data tabulating specific indices from NPDS. The methodology was similar to that of previous years. Where changes were introduced, the differences are identified. Poison center cases with medical outcomes of death were evaluated by a team of medical and clinical toxicologist reviewers using an ordinal scale of 1-6 to assess the Relative Contribution to Fatality (RCF) of the exposure. Results In 2015, 2,792,130 closed encounters were logged by NPDS: 2,168,371 human exposures, 55,516 animal exposures, 560,467 information calls, 7657 human confirmed nonexposures, Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Poisons Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle Units. -
Inhibitory Effect of Lomerizine, a Diphenylpiperazine Ca2+ -Channel Blocker, on Ba2+ Current Through Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels in PC 12 Cells
Inhibitory Effect of Lomerizine, a Diphenylpiperazine Ca2+ -Channel Blocker, on Ba2+ Current through Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels in PC 12 Cells Tomokazu Watanol, Hideaki Hara2,* and Takayuki Sukamoto2 1 Department of Pharmacology, New Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Kanebo Ltd., 1-5-90 Tomobuchi-cho,of Pharmacology, Miyakojima-ku, New Drug Osaka R & 534,D Laboratory, Japan2Department Kanebo Ltd., 1-5-90 Tomobuchi-cho, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534, Japan Received July 8, 1997 Accepted August 22, 1997 ABSTRACT-We investigated the effect of lomerizine, an anti-migraine drug, on the Ba2+ current through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells using a whole-cell voltage-clamp tech nique. Lomerizine inhibited the Ba2+ current with an IC50 value of 1.9 ƒÊM. Lomerizine and nicardipine were > 4 times more potent than flunarizine, diltiazem, verapamil and dimetotiazine. The time course of inactivation induced by lomerizine was similar to that induced by nicardipine and flunarizine. These data indicate that lomerizine may inhibit the Ca2+ channel in a similar manner to nicardipine and flunarizine, and its potency is almost equal to that of nicardipine. Keywords: Lomerizine , Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel, PCl2 cell Calcium channel blockers are mainly divided into three Bio Medical, Kyoto) containing 7° fetal bovine serum types, namely, 1,4-dihydropyridine, phenylalkylamine (Moregate, Melbourne, Australia), 7% heat-inactivated and benzothiazepine types, from their structure (1). horse serum (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), 2 MM L Lomerizine, 1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(2,3,4 glutamine (Wako, Osaka) and 50 pg/ml gentamicin sul trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine dihydrochloride has been fate (Wako) at 37C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2. -
Transient Receptor Potential Channels As Drug Targets: from the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine
1521-0081/66/3/676–814$25.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.113.008268 PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS Pharmacol Rev 66:676–814, July 2014 Copyright © 2014 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics ASSOCIATE EDITOR: DAVID R. SIBLEY Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine Bernd Nilius and Arpad Szallasi KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (B.N.); and Department of Pathology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey (A.S.) Abstract. ....................................................................................679 I. Transient Receptor Potential Channels: A Brief Introduction . ...............................679 A. Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Subfamily . .....................................682 B. Vanilloid Transient Receptor Potential Subfamily . .....................................686 C. Melastatin Transient Receptor Potential Subfamily . .....................................696 Downloaded from D. Ankyrin Transient Receptor Potential Subfamily .........................................700 E. Mucolipin Transient Receptor Potential Subfamily . .....................................702 F. Polycystic Transient Receptor Potential Subfamily . .....................................703 II. Transient Receptor Potential Channels: Hereditary Diseases (Transient Receptor Potential Channelopathies). ......................................................704 -
Migraine in the Era of Precision Medicine
Focus on Toward Precision Medicine in Neurological Diseases Page 1 of 10 Migraine in the era of precision medicine Lv-Ming Zhang1, Zhao Dong2*, Sheng-Yuan Yu2* 1Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital/Aerospace Clinical Medical College Affiliated to Peking University, Beijing 100049, China; 2Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China Contributions: (I) Conception and design: Z Dong, SY Yu; (II) Administrative support: None; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: None; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: None; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: None; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. *These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence to: Prof. Zhao Dong. Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China. Email: [email protected]; Prof. Shengyuan Yu. Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Migraine is a common neurovascular disorder in the neurologic clinics whose mechanisms have been explored for several years. The aura has been considered to be attributed to cortical spreading depression (CSD) and dysfunction of the trigeminovascular system is the key factor that has been considered in the pathogenesis of migraine pain. Moreover, three genes (CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and SCN1A) have come from studies performed in individuals with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), a monogenic form of migraine with aura. Therapies targeting on the neuropeptids and genes may be helpful in the precision medicine of migraineurs. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor agonists and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists have demonstrated efficacy in the acute specific treatment of migraine attacks. -
Greenberg, Michael J
Clinical Neurology 5th edition (February 9, 2002): by David A. Greenberg, Michael J. Aminoff, Roger P. Simon By McGraw-Hill/Appleton & Lange By OkDoKeY Clinical Neurology Contents Editors Dedication Preface Chapter 1: Disorders of Consciousness Chapter 2: Headache & Facial Pain Chapter 3: Disorders of Equilibrium Chapter 4: Disturbances of Vision Chapter 5: Motor Deficits Chapter 6: Disorders of Somatic Sensation Chapter 7: Movement Disorders Chapter 8: Seizures & Syncope Chapter 9: Stroke Chapter 10: Coma Chapter 11: Neurologic Investigations Appendices A: The Neurologic Examination B: A Brief Examination of the Nervous System C: Clinical Examination of Common Isolated Peripheral Nerve Disorders Frequently Used Neurological Drugs Selected Neurogenetic Disorders Dedication To Our Families Editors David A. Greenberg, MD, PhD Professor and Vice-President for Special Research Programs Buck Institute for Age Research Novato, California Michael J. Aminoff, MD, DSc, FRCP Professor of Neurology Department of Neurology School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco Roger P. Simon, MD Robert Stone Dow Chair of Neurology Director of Neurobiology Research Legacy Health Systems Portland, Oregon Frequently Used Neurological Drugs Drug Brand Use Sizes (mg)1 Usual dose2 Alteplase (rt-PA) Activase Stroke — 0.9 mg/kg IV Amantadine Symmetrel Parkinsonism 100 100 mg bid Amitriptyline Elavil Headache, pain 10,25,50,75,100,150 10–150 mg qd Aspirin Ecotrin TIA/stroke, headache 81,325,500,650,975 81 mg qd–650 mg q4–6h Baclofen Lioresal Spasticity -
Drug Utilization Pattern of Psychotropic Drugs Prescribed in the Psychiatric Department of a Tertiary Care Government Hospital, Rajasthan
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 7 Ver. VII (July 2016), PP 80-87 www.iosrjournals.org Drug Utilization Pattern of Psychotropic Drugs Prescribed in the Psychiatric Department of a Tertiary Care Government Hospital, Rajasthan Dr. Vandana Goyal1, Shifali Munjal2, Dr Rashmi Gupta3 1Professor, Department of Pharmacology, 2M.Sc. (Pharmacology ),3rd Year Student, 3Assistant Professor, Department of community medicine JLN Medical College, Ajmer Correspondence Author: Dr Rashmi Gupta Assistant Professor, Department of community medicine JLN Medical College, Ajmer Email:[email protected] Abstract: Introduction: Psychiatric disorders form an important public health priority and major causes of morbidity. Drug utilization studies are a pre-requisite for the formulation of drug policies. This review identifies the problems that arise from drug usage in health care delivery system and highlights the current approaches to the rational use of drugs. Objectives: to delineate the various drugs used in psychiatric disorders to find discrepancies, if any, between the actual and the ideal prescribing pattern of psychotropic drugs and to assess prevalence of various psychiatric illnesses . Methodology: The retrospective non-interventional, study of 6 months duration (1st Apr 2015 - 30th Sep 2015) was carried out by analyzing the copies of prescriptions of patients who had visited the O.P.D. of the Psychiatry Department of J.L.N. Medical College & Associate groups of Hospitals Ajmer. After taking prior approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. we randomly collected 135 copies for each month, a total of 810 carbon copies were selected for study. Result: Maximum number of patient’s i.e. -
Serotonin Biosynthesis Occurs in Two Steps
A thesis entitled Platelets and Serotonin in Migraine by Karin Chang Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences Degree in Cancer Biology _____________________________________ William T. Gunning III, PhD, Committee Chair _____________________________________ Gretchen Tietjen, MD, Committee Member _____________________________________ Randall Worth, PhD, Committee Member _____________________________________ Patricia Komuniecki, PhD, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo August 2010 Platelets and Serotonin in Migraine University of Toledo College of Medicine Karin Chang 2010 1 Copyright 2010, Karin Chang 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Copyright 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Background and Literature Review 7 Materials and Methods 37 Results 43 Discussion 50 Bibliography 53 Abstract 79 3 INTRODUCTION Migraine is a chronic disabling headache disorder of unknown etiology. There has been extensive research in the role of serotonin in the pathophysiology of migraine. Much like serotonin, migraine drugs known as triptans activate certain receptors for serotonin, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D, and promote vasoconstriction (Parsons and Whalley 1989). Serotonin also brings about vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries (Edvinsson et al. 1978). Intravenous serotonin infusions have been report to alleviate migraine headaches in one clinical study (Kimball et al. 1960), further suggesting a role for serotonin in the circulation. Since the platelet stores the largest amount of serotonin in the circulation (Pussard et al. 1996), the platelet has been a focus of migraine research (Malmgren and Hasselmark 1988). Although there has been considerable research in platelet serotonin storage in migraineurs during the past few decades, the results have been far from unequivocal.