Fall HAAL 2001 Newsletter
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• Request a sample copy on the web: college.hmco.com, select “catalog” New Ways to Know® Call: 800-733-1717 Fax: 800-733-1810 ■ Editorial and International Offices 222 Berkeley Street Boston, MA 02116 ■ In Canada Nelson Canada 1120 Birchmount Road Scarborough, Ontario CANADA M1K 5G4 Tel: 416/752-9100 Orders: 800/268-2222 ■ In the United Kingdom and Europe Houghton Mifflin Company International, Inc. PO Box 269, Abingdon Oxfordshire OX14 4YN England Tel: 44-1235 833827 Fax: 44-1235 833829 Email: miffl[email protected] Newsletter copyright ©2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Printed in USA on recycled paper. C HANL-02142 PRESORTED STANDARD U.S. POSTAGE PAID PERMIT NO. 57842 BOSTON, MA “TStanding alone in the world… she cast away the THE HEATH ANTHOLOGY OF fragments of a broken chain. AMERICAN LITERATURE The world’s law was no law for her mind.” Fall 2001 • Number 23 - Nathaniel Hawthorne, from The Scarlet Letter newsletter editorial board Teaching American Literature in Spain: Paul Lauter Trinity College Approaches and Contexts for General Editor Integrated Programs Richard Yarborough Ana Manzanas Calvo (Universidad de Salamanca) University of California, Los Angeles Associate General Editor Jesús Benito Sánchez (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha) Jackson Bryer It seems a long time ago now since many cases the borders between the University of Maryland Prof. Javier Coy started teaching a two positions are clear cut in Spanish King-Kok Cheung course on American Literature at the Academe. The traditional core curricu- University of California, Los Angeles University of Salamanca, Spain, in lum has been fragmented through 1968. It was actually the beginning of optional courses, introduced mainly Anne Goodwyn Jones the teaching of American literature in through a series of curriculum revi- University of Florida the country. Since then, and particular- sions carried out in the late eighties Wendy Martin ly in the last decades, the teaching of and early nineties; as a result American Claremont Graduate University American Literature has undergone a Literature has become a “bifurcated” process of enormous diversification as discipline between those who general- Charles Molesworth new generations of Americanists have ly teach required courses devoted to Queens College, City University entered Academe. The so called “clas- traditional figures in the field, and of New York sics” are still studied and figure promi- those who commit themselves to the Raymund Paredes nently in university syllabi, but these teaching of optional courses and cover University of California, Los Angeles new waves of Americanists have intro- what are generally known as “margin- duced the study of literature written al” figures or “new” voices. For the tra- Ivy T. Schweitzer by women, as well as by “minoritized” ditional group the study of these Dartmouth College writers, and, to a lesser extent, other “new” writers is merely circumstantial genres traditionally considered sublit- and fashionable. They explain their Linda Wagner-Martin erary such as detective or science fic- presence in university syllabi as a University of North Carolina, tion. As a result, and to a certain extent question of political correctness which Chapel Hill mirroring the debate over the nature, has nothing to do with literary excel- Andrew O. Wiget origins and limits of American lence, and perhaps more importantly, New Mexico State University Literature between traditionalists and does not alter the presumably truthful so called “New Americanists” in the and durable vision of what American Sandra Zagarell United States, American literature has Literature is. At most, these scholars Oberlin College become a rather contested arena. The are ready to concede a certain “cultural John Alberti conflict is well known and goes back, diversity” (in Bhabha’s terminology) in Northern Kentucky University as Gerald Graff e.a. remind us, to a America, and only in so far as the Editor, Instructor’s Guide longstanding tension in the discipline “Other” cultures are located and between “the impulse to rigorously explained within the accepted Randall Bass, Georgetown University define and circumscribe the field,” Angloamerican grid. Distrust works Lois Leveen, Reed College proposing a clear description of high the other way too; the new generations Edward Maloney, Georgetown literature and a set of presumably ade- of Americanists in Spanish Academe University quate critical procedures, and “the seriously downplay the contacts and Electronic Resources Editors competing impulse to broaden and interactions between the dominant tra- James Kyung-Jin Lee extend the discipline’s borders” (1996: dition and all the others, and are will- The University of Texas at Austin 263), through the introduction of new ing to promote so-called ethnic Associate Editor voices and new critical practices. In American literatures by separating the For more information, consult college.hmco.com. diverse groups into particular tradi- be further qualified when we compare what extent this comparative approach tions studied separately. This process it with Margaret Fuller’s vision of to American literature can work has a professional parallel, as the new women, or with the distinctive voice beyond the academic centers of the Americanists in Spain somewhat show of slaves such as Frederick Douglass’s discipline, or how well it translates in forms of the “anxiety of influence” or Harriet Jacobs’. The problematic different cultural and historical con- which makes them negate the work of construction of the American takes on texts. If we center particularly on the the previous generations of scholars in new nuances when we compare the Spanish academic world we outlined order to affirm their new own way of underlying principles of Franklin’s before, the new model of American understanding the field. autobiography with those of Paine, studies proves especially fecund, Jefferson, Olaudah Equiano and despite (or maybe as a result of) its How to break out of this dichotomy? Samson Occom. The meaning of tradi- obvious specificity. Just like many In Canons and Contexts (1991) Paul tion and its representation in other countries in Western Europe, Lauter proposes what seems a most contemporary Spain has been witness- balanced approach to the study of ing an incredible influx of immigrants American Literature, what he terms “a …American literature has coming from Latin America, Asia, and, comparativist mode.” The compara- more significantly, from North Africa. tivist approach seems a powerful cor- become a “bifurcated” Despite increasing cases of racial seg- rective to the growing divide between regation and xenophobia it seems the different generations of discipline between those… impossible to deny that these immi- Americanists, and, in our view, can devoted to traditional grants are not only solving the prob- prove especially useful in the context lem of the scarcity of fieldworkers, and of American Studies in Spain. The figures in the field, and alleviating one of the lowest birth rates great advantage of this perspective is those who commit them- in the world, but also infusing the tra- not only that it immerses the reader ditional homogeneity of Spanish soci- and teacher in the unknown, but also selves to…“marginal” ety and culture with some diversity. provides new perspectives on tradi- figures or “new” voices. For others, this still moderate influx of tional works: immigrants is the price we pay for becoming an affluent country, and for the comparative study of American literatures finally entering Europe (a secular allows us to examine traditionally established works from fresh perspectives provided by Modernist poetry is somewhat refract- claim for a country traditionally con- minority and white female texts. Frederick ed when studied in the context of the sidered as “in-between” Europe and Douglass’ use of books illuminates in quite Harlem Renaissance. The compara- Africa, not fully either one). new ways Emerson’s ideas of the value of let- tivist perspective these examples illus- ters; Harriet Jacobs’ [Linda Brent] years in an attic cast an oblique light on Thoreau’s more trate not only puts together names and It is rather ironic, however, that the comfortable notions of simplification, of where visions of literature and writing, but moment we are finally entering one lives, and what one lives for . Most of rather advocates a more dialogical Europe, the African “Other” is enter- all, a comparative strategy allows us to see Anglo-European male writing as but one approach which helps us understand ing us again. In our flight North our voice, albeit loud and various, in the chorus of different works relationally. Traditional history has finally caught up with us. ‘American’ culture’. (1991: 51) and non-traditional works create new Asimple and significant image can sets of relationships which destabilize clarify this process. We need only pic- This comparative perspective could both the alleged canonicity of the first ture the Spanish middle-class citizen only become real, especially in the aca- group as well as the liminal or margin- glorying at the sight of the beautiful demic world outside the U.S., when al status of the second. This is the Alhambra in Granada, with its magnif- the necessary editorial steps were destabilizing frame of the compara- icent Moorish decoration, while the taken to offer students and scholars tivist approach which the publishing Moroccan immigrant at the entrance easy access to a whole new set of texts. of The Heath made possible, and which faces the threat of expulsion. The ille- That editorial void has been magnifi- we have tried to illustrate in the pro- gal Moroccan immediately becomes a cently filled by The Heath Anthology of gram below. If the opening of the sign charged with distress. The sight American Literature, which since its first canon in American Literature has dis- forces us to question the construction edition in 1989 has truly offered new covered, as Sacvan Bercovitch pointed of a homogeneous national society and vistas in the study of American out in the introduction to The culture in Spain, a country traditional- Literature, at home as much as abroad.