Cochlospermum Planchonii Hook.F. Ex Planch. and Cochlospermum Tinctorium Perrier Ex A
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Cochlospermum planchonii Hook.f. ex Planch. and Cochlospermum tinctorium Perrier ex A. Rich.: extent of knowledge and prospects for sustainable use in West Africa Gnimansou Abraham Favi, Gbèwonmèdéa Hospice Dassou, Aristide Cossi Adomou, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, E. O. Dêêdi Sogbohossou, et Genetic Resources and Crop Evolutional. An International Journal ISSN 0925-9864 Genet Resour Crop Evol DOI 10.1007/s10722-020-01062-8 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Nature B.V.. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Genet Resour Crop Evol https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01062-8 (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) REVIEW Cochlospermum planchonii Hook.f. ex Planch. and Cochlospermum tinctorium Perrier ex A. Rich.: extent of knowledge and prospects for sustainable use in West Africa Gnimansou Abraham Favi . Gbe`wonme`de´a Hospice Dassou . Aristide Cossi Adomou . Adande´ Belarmain Fandohan . E. O. Deˆeˆdi Sogbohossou . Hounnankpon Yedomonhan . Monique G. Tossou . Akpovi Akoe`gninou Received: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020 Abstract Cochlospermum planchonii Hook.f. ex aimed to critically synthetize knowledge, and gaps Planch. and Cochlospermum tinctorium Perrier ex A. therein, to highlight future research for sustainable use Rich. are two wild edible plant species (WEPs), and conservation of both species. To this end, widely used in the West African Sudanian zone. Their publications were searched online in Web of Science, parts are used as food additive, fodder, medical-magic PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer and ethnoveterinary purposes, dye and arts. Unfortu- Online and Research Gate, using following keywords: nately, the overexploitation of their rootstocks consti- ‘‘taxonomy’’, ‘‘distribution’’, ‘‘ecology’’, ‘‘botanical tutes a great threat. While, an increasing number of description’’, ‘‘structural characteristics’’, ‘‘vernacular studies reported on their uses, socio-economic impor- names’’, ‘‘uses’’, ‘‘plant parts used’’, ‘‘phytochemical’’ tance, biological properties, and the anthropogenic and ‘‘pharmacological properties’’, ‘‘economy’’, pressure, knowledge on their reproductive biology, ‘‘propagation’’, ‘‘pollination’’, ‘‘reproduction’’, threats, domestication, and conservation status are still ‘‘threats’’, ‘‘conservation’’ and ‘‘domestication’’ in lacking. It therefore becomes crucial to systematically combination with ‘‘C. planchonii’’ or ‘‘C. tinctorium’’, review literature on the current knowledge to identify ‘‘False-cotton’’. Out of 423 publications initially research gaps and future research. Hence, this review recorded, 165 were retained, of which 153 conducted in West Africa; the remaining 12 tackled botanical and taxonomical issues. Most of the publications G. A. Favi (&) Á G. H. Dassou Á A. C. Adomou Á H. Yedomonhan Á M. G. Tossou Á A. Akoe`gninou addressed ethnobotany, chemical and pharmacologi- Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Ve´ge´tale, Faculte´ cal properties. Information obtained was compiled, des Sciences et Techniques, Universite´ d’Abomey-Calavi, critically analyzed, and discussed; knowledge gaps 01 BP 4521, Cotonou, Re´publique du Be´nin were keyed out and potential future research was e-mail: [email protected] highlited. The review confirmed the over-exploitation A. B. Fandohan of both species mainly for human livelihoods. Both Unite´ de Recherche en Foresterie Agroforesterie et species were valuable sources of compounds and Bioge´ographie, Ecole de Foresterie Tropicale, Universite´ showed various pharmacological activities. A risk of Nationale d’Agriculture, BP 43, Cotonou, Re´publique du Be´nin genetic erosion was reported due overharvesting of their rootstocks whose powder was highly marketable. E. O. D. Sogbohossou Future studies on their reproductive biology could Laboratoire de Ge´ne´tique, Horticulture et Sciences des enable their cultivation in order to reduce anthro- Semences, Faculte´ des Sciences Agronomiques, Universite´ d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, pogenic pressure and promote their sustainable use Re´publique du Be´nin and conservation. 123 Author's personal copy Genet Resour Crop Evol Keywords Cochlospermum Á Wild edible plants Á In addition to the threats related to the degradation Conservation ecology Á Sustainable management Á of their habitats and their exploitation as medicines West Africa and food resources, there is a local trade around the rootstocks in many countries such as Benin and Burkina Faso (Achigan-Dako et al. 2010; Johnson- Fulton and Watson 2018). The rootstocks collection Introduction would negatively impact natural regeneration and the demographic structure of natural populations. This In Western Africa et alibi in the tropics, Wild Edible cannot guarantee a sustainable use of this noble Plants (WEPs) play a central role in the livelihoods of species. rural communities. Millions of people, mostly in Although no official assessment is available, there developing countries, owe their daily needs and is on-the-ground evidence that these species are highly income to products derived from WEPs (Uprety threatened because their rootstocks are the main plant et al. 2012). Importance of WEPs for rural commu- part exploited; which often results in killing individual nities in West Africa has been thoroughly documented subshrubs. Extirpation of key WEP species from in the last two decades (Lykke et al. 2002; Shackleton traditional production systems would probably worsen and Geach 2004; Assogbadjo 2006; Heubach et al. vulnerability of local dwellers to contemporary envi- 2011; Sieglstetter et al. 2011). Services associated to ronmental shocks such as climate change, land WEPs include food, fodder, medicines, timber, and degradation and drought. Indeed, in some countries fuelwood, to mention just a few (Kristensen and Lykke such as Benin, Cochlospermum spp. rootstocks 2003; Kahane et al. 2013). With contemporary prob- exploitation constitutes a major income source for lems facing crop production (variation in climate, land rural women (Achigan-Dako et al. 2010; Vodouhe` and degradation and pest attacks), WEPs are of critical Dansi 2012). Conservation of WEPs however, importance in local coping strategies (Neuenschwan- requires substantial and consistent investments in der et al. 2011). Unfortunately, in most cases, no policy and research efforts into their in situ conserva- formal strategy is put into place to ensure sustainable tion, their sustainable management, and domestica- use of major WEPs. WEPs including Caesalpinia tion. Besides, with the current attention given to bonduc (L.) Roxb. and Garcinia kola Heckel (Assog- climate-smart-agriculture in the tropics, potentials of badjo et al. 2012) disappeared in the wild while WEPs will only be realized if candidate species are populations of other WEPs such as Lippia multiflora well documented so as to backup policies and decision (Adomou 2005); Vitex doniana Sweet (N’Danikou making (Assogba et al. 2018). The present review et al. 2011); Bombax costatum (Assogba et al. 2018) attempts to synthetize the state of knowledge, gaps and and West African Cochospermum species (Oyen research prospects for ensuring the sustainable use and 2010; Ina´cio et al. 2011) are declining. conservation of Cochlospermum species in West Cochlospermum spp., subshrub species, are among Africa. It focuses on taxonomy, botanical description, the major food additives in semi-arid lands of West pollination, reproduction biology, ecology and distri- Africa (Johnson-Fulton 2014). All their organs, but bution, uses and socio-economic importance, phyto- mainly the rootstocks, are involved in a wide range of chemical and pharmacological properties, threats and uses such as food additives (Adjanohoun et al. 1989), conservation of Cochlospermum species (C. tincto- fodder for cattle (Ouachinou et al. 2018), medical- rium and C. planchonii) in West Africa. magic purposes (Olotu et al. 2011; Johnson-Fulton 2014), ethnoveterinary uses (Belem et al. 2007; Dassou et al. 2015), and art (Nikiema 2005; Belem Methods et al. 2007). These wide range of utilisations are the main factors associated to the decline of the Data collection Cochlospermum spp. (Oyen 2010; Nergard et al. 2005) and expose them to genetic erosion risks (Ina´cio Literature searches were conducted on C. planchonii et al. 2011). and C. tinctorium using journals, thesis and books and presence occurences available online. The following 123 Author's personal copy Genet Resour Crop Evol electronic search engines: Web of Science, PubMed, characters according to Hutchinson and Dalziel Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer Online and (1958), Akoe`gninou et al. (2006). Research Gate were used for literature while geo- Considering the traditional uses, the percentage of graphical records were sourced from GBIF (GBIF countries reported to treat a given ailment was 2018)