9<HTMEPB=Jidcag>

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

9<HTMEPB=Jidcag> 112 Professional Computing Springer News 1/2011 springer.com/NEWSonline H. Demirkan, Arizona State University, Tempe, S. Linckels, C. Meinel, Hasso-Plattner-Institut (HPI), M. Macintyre, The University of Warwick, Coventry, AZ, USA; J. C. Spohrer, V. Krishna, IBM Almaden Potsdam, Germany UK; G. Parry, University of Bath, UK; J. Angelis, Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA (Eds.) The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (Eds.) E-Librarian Service The Science of Service User-Friendly Semantic Search in Digital Service Design and Delivery Systems Libraries Service Design and Delivery provides a compre- hensive overview of the increasingly important The Science of Service Systems intends to stimulate This book introduces a new approach in designing role played by the service industry. Focusing on discussion and understanding by presenting E-Librarian Services. Such a system is able to the development of different processes employed theory-based research with actionable results. retrieve multimedia resources from a digital by service organizations, the book emphasizes Most of the articles focus on formalizing the theo- library in a more efficient way than by browsing management of service in relation to products. It retical foundations for a science of service systems, through an index, or by using a simple keyword not only explores the complexity of this relation- examining a wide range of substantive issues and search. It combines recent advances in multimedia ship, but also introduces strategies used in the implementations related to service science from information retrieval with aspects of human- design and management of service across various various perspectives. From the formal (ontologies, machine interfaces. The user can enter his question sectors, highlighting where tools, techniques and representation specifications, decision-making and in natural language. The premise is that more processes applicable to one sector may prove maturity models) to the informal (analysis frame- pertinent results would be retrieved if the search useful in another. The implementation methods works, design heuristics, anecdotal observations), engine understood the sense of the user’s query. introduced in the book also illustrate how and these contributions provide a snapshot in time of The returned results are then logical consequences why companies can transform themselves into the gradually emerging scientific understanding of of an inference rather than of keyword match- service organizations. While the book is primarily service systems. ings. An E-Librarian Service simulates a human intended as a text for advanced-level courses librarian. Hence, it does not return the answer in service design and delivery, it also contains Features to the user’s question, but it retrieves the most theoretical and practical knowledge beneficial to 7 Presents theory-based research with actionable pertinent document(s), in which the user finds both practitioners in the service sector and those results 7 Contributions from cross-disciplines the answer to his question. Also, an E-Librarian in manufacturing contemplating moving towards and multiple angles 7 Presents a wealth of key Service always proposes a solution to the user, service delivery. concepts in the development of service science even if the system concludes that there is no advancement 7 Provides a comprehensive foun- exhaustive answer. Features dation for future development 7 Lays the groundwork for a universal presenta- Features tion of the term service 7 Features a mixture From the contents 7 Complete overview of several related and of empirical research as well as cases studies and Introduction of the Science of Service Systems.- current research topics in computer-science, e.g., actual tools/exercises to ensure the link between Embedding the new Discipline of Service Semantic Web technologies, natural language research and practice 7 Holistic overview of Science.- Key dimensions of Service systems in processing, and information retrieval) 7 Provides service design and development 7 Written by Value-Creating Networks.- Making a Science of a solution for current problems in digital libraries; leading researchers and practitioners. Service Systems Practical: Seeking Usefulness how to retrieve in a reliable and user friendly way, and Understandability while Avoiding Unneces- pertinent documents from a multimedia knowl- From the contents sary Assumptions and Restrictions.- Flexible edge base 7 Complex subjects like Information Understanding Services and the Customer Service Systems.- Semantics for Smart Services.- Retrieval, Semantic Technologies, or Descriptive Response.- Goods, Products and Services.- The Designing Auctions for Coordination in Service Logics are surveyed and explained in a pedagogical IBM Story.- Rethinking Lean Service.- Trans- Networks.- Service Systems Modeling: Concepts, way with multiple examples and illustrations formations Path of the ICI Explosive Business.- Formalized Meta-Model and Technical Concre- Shifting from Production to Service to Experience- tion.- Onto-ServSys: a Service System Ontology.- Fields of interest based Operations.- Complex Deployed Responsive A Framework that Situates Technology Research Information Storage and Retrieval; Multimedia Service.- A Multi-organisational Approach to within the Field of Service Science. Information Systems; User Interfaces and Human Service Delivery.- Through Life Costing. Computer Interaction Fields of interest Fields of interest Management of Computing and Information Target groups Management of Computing and Information Systems; Management/Business for Professionals; Professional/practitioner Systems; Management/Business for Professionals; Operations Research/Decision Theory Operations Research/Decision Theory Type of publication Target groups Professional book Target groups Professional/practitioner Professional/practitioner Type of publication Type of publication Contributed volume Contributed volume Due March 2011 Due March 2011 Due May 2011 2011. X, 285 p. (Service Science: Research and 2011. X, 215 p. 100 illus. (Service Science: Research and Innovations in the Service Economy) Hardcover 2011. 250 p. 40 illus. (X.media.publishing) Hardcover Innovations in the Service Economy) Hardcover 7 € 79,95 | £72.00 7 approx. € 49,95 | £44.99 7 € 79,95 | £72.00 7 * € (D) 85,55 | € (A) 87,95 | sFr 115,00 7 approx. * € (D) 53,45 | € (A) 54,95 | sFr 72,00 7 * € (D) 85,55 | € (A) 87,95 | sFr 115,00 9<HTMEPB=jicgji>ISBN 978-1-4419-8269-8 9<HTOGPC=bhhecc>ISBN 978-3-642-17742-2 9<HTMEPB=jidcag>ISBN 978-1-4419-8320-6 springer.com/NEWSonline Springer News 1/2011 Professional Computing 113 M. Newborn, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, F. Paternò, Pisa, Italy (Ed.) S. Reeves, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Canada United Kingdom Migratory Interactive Beyond Deep Blue Applications for Ubiquitous Designing Interfaces in Public Chess in the Stratosphere Environments Settings Understanding the Role of the Spectator in More than a decade has passed since IBM’s Deep Ubiquitous environments are important because Human-Computer Interaction Blue computer stunned the world by defeating they allow users to move about freely and continue Garry Kasparov, the world chess champion at the interaction with the available applications Interaction with computers is becoming an that time. Beyond Deep Blue tells the continuing through a variety of interactive devices (including increasingly ubiquitous and public affair. With story of the chess engine and its steady improve- cell phones, PDA’s, desktop computers, digital tele- more and more interactive digital systems being ment. The book provides analysis of the games vision sets, and intelligent watches). A frustrating deployed in places such as museums, city streets alongside a detailed examination of the remark- limitation is that people have to start their session and performance venues, understanding how to able technological progress made by the engines over again from the beginning at each interaction design for them is becoming ever more pertinent. – asking which one is best, how good is it, and device change. This book reports results based Crafting interactions for these public settings how much better can it get. Features: presents a on the work in the OPEN project. It provides raises a host of new challenges for human- total of 118 games, played by 17 different chess solutions able to address three key aspects: device computer interaction, widening the focus of design engines, collected together for the first time in change, state persistence and content adaptation. from concern about an individual’s dialogue with a single reference; details the processor speeds, an interface to also consider the ways in which memory sizes, and the number of processors used Features interaction affects and is affected by spectators and by each chess engine; includes games from 10 7 Addresses emerging issues in ubiquitous bystanders. World Computer Chess Championships, and three environments 7 Demonstrates how to design computer chess tournaments of the Internet Chess architectures able to support context-dependent Features Club; covers the man-machine matches between systems 7 Highlights how interactive applica- 7 Contributes a series of empirical studies of Fritz and Kramnik, and Kasparov and Deep Junior; tions can benefit from multi-device environments technology situated in public settings 7 Offers describes three historical matches between leading a design framework for performance or perfor-
Recommended publications
  • Draft – Not for Circulation
    A Gross Miscarriage of Justice in Computer Chess by Dr. Søren Riis Introduction In June 2011 it was widely reported in the global media that the International Computer Games Association (ICGA) had found chess programmer International Master Vasik Rajlich in breach of the ICGA‟s annual World Computer Chess Championship (WCCC) tournament rule related to program originality. In the ICGA‟s accompanying report it was asserted that Rajlich‟s chess program Rybka contained “plagiarized” code from Fruit, a program authored by Fabien Letouzey of France. Some of the headlines reporting the charges and ruling in the media were “Computer Chess Champion Caught Injecting Performance-Enhancing Code”, “Computer Chess Reels from Biggest Sporting Scandal Since Ben Johnson” and “Czech Mate, Mr. Cheat”, accompanied by a photo of Rajlich and his wife at their wedding. In response, Rajlich claimed complete innocence and made it clear that he found the ICGA‟s investigatory process and conclusions to be biased and unprofessional, and the charges baseless and unworthy. He refused to be drawn into a protracted dispute with his accusers or mount a comprehensive defense. This article re-examines the case. With the support of an extensive technical report by Ed Schröder, author of chess program Rebel (World Computer Chess champion in 1991 and 1992) as well as support in the form of unpublished notes from chess programmer Sven Schüle, I argue that the ICGA‟s findings were misleading and its ruling lacked any sense of proportion. The purpose of this paper is to defend the reputation of Vasik Rajlich, whose innovative and influential program Rybka was in the vanguard of a mid-decade paradigm change within the computer chess community.
    [Show full text]
  • Move Similarity Analysis in Chess Programs
    Move similarity analysis in chess programs D. Dailey, A. Hair, M. Watkins Abstract In June 2011, the International Computer Games Association (ICGA) disqual- ified Vasik Rajlich and his Rybka chess program for plagiarism and breaking their rules on originality in their events from 2006-10. One primary basis for this came from a painstaking code comparison, using the source code of Fruit and the object code of Rybka, which found the selection of evaluation features in the programs to be almost the same, much more than expected by chance. In his brief defense, Rajlich indicated his opinion that move similarity testing was a superior method of detecting misappropriated entries. Later commentary by both Rajlich and his defenders reiterated the same, and indeed the ICGA Rules themselves specify move similarity as an example reason for why the tournament director would have warrant to request a source code examination. We report on data obtained from move-similarity testing. The principal dataset here consists of over 8000 positions and nearly 100 independent engines. We comment on such issues as: the robustness of the methods (upon modifying the experimental conditions), whether strong engines tend to play more similarly than weak ones, and the observed Fruit/Rybka move-similarity data. 1. History and background on derivative programs in computer chess Computer chess has seen a number of derivative programs over the years. One of the first was the incident in the 1989 World Microcomputer Chess Cham- pionship (WMCCC), in which Quickstep was disqualified due to the program being \a copy of the program Mephisto Almeria" in all important areas.
    [Show full text]
  • New Architectures in Computer Chess Ii New Architectures in Computer Chess
    New Architectures in Computer Chess ii New Architectures in Computer Chess PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Tilburg, op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de aula van de Universiteit op woensdag 17 juni 2009 om 10.15 uur door Fritz Max Heinrich Reul geboren op 30 september 1977 te Hanau, Duitsland Promotor: Prof. dr. H.J.vandenHerik Copromotor: Dr. ir. J.W.H.M. Uiterwijk Promotiecommissie: Prof. dr. A.P.J. van den Bosch Prof. dr. A. de Bruin Prof. dr. H.C. Bunt Prof. dr. A.J. van Zanten Dr. U. Lorenz Dr. A. Plaat Dissertation Series No. 2009-16 The research reported in this thesis has been carried out under the auspices of SIKS, the Dutch Research School for Information and Knowledge Systems. ISBN 9789490122249 Printed by Gildeprint © 2009 Fritz M.H. Reul All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the author. Preface About five years ago I completed my diploma project about computer chess at the University of Applied Sciences in Friedberg, Germany. Immediately after- wards I continued in 2004 with the R&D of my computer-chess engine Loop. In 2005 I started my Ph.D. project ”New Architectures in Computer Chess” at the Maastricht University. In the first year of my R&D I concentrated on the redesign of a computer-chess architecture for 32-bit computer environments.
    [Show full text]
  • A Chess Engine
    A Chess Engine Paul Dailly Dominik Gotojuch Neil Henning Keir Lawson Alec Macdonald Tamerlan Tajaddinov University of Glasgow Department of Computing Science Sir Alwyn Williams Building Lilybank Gardens Glasgow G12 8QQ March 18, 2008 Abstract Though many computer chess engines are available, the number of engines using object orientated approaches to the problem is minimal. This report documents an implementation of an object oriented chess engine. Traditionally, in order to gain the advantage of speed, the C language is used for implementation, however, being an older language, it lacks many modern language features. The chess engine documented within this report uses the modern Java language, providing features such as reflection and generics that are used extensively, allowing for complex but understandable code. Also of interest are the various depth first search algorithms used to produce a fast game, and the numerous functions for evaluating different characteristics of the board. These two fundamental components, the evaluator and the analyser, combine to produce a fast and relatively skillful chess engine. We discuss both the design and implementation of the engine, along with details of other approaches that could be taken, and in what manner the engine could be expanded. We conclude by examining the engine empirically, and from this evaluation, reflecting on the advantages and disadvantages of our chosen approach. Education Use Consent We hereby give our permission for this project to be shown to other University of Glasgow students and to be distributed in an electronic format. Please note that you are under no obligation to sign this declaration, but doing so would help future students.
    [Show full text]
  • Rybka Investigation and Summary of Findings for the ICGA Mark Lefler, Robert Hyatt, Harvey Williamson and ICGA Panel Members 12 May 2011
    Rybka Investigation and Summary of Findings for the ICGA Mark Lefler, Robert Hyatt, Harvey Williamson and ICGA panel members 12 May 2011 1. Background 1.1 Purpose: To investigate claims that the chess playing program Rybka is a derivative of the chess programs Fruit and Crafty and violated International Computer Games Association (ICGA) Tournament rules. Rybka is a program by Vasik Rajlich. Fruit was written by Fabien Letouzey. Crafty was written by Robert Hyatt. 1.2 Allegations. Allegations have surfaced that Rybka 1.0 beta and later versions are derivatives of Fruit 2.1. Fruit 2.1 source code was distributed with a specific license in the copying.txt file. Part of this license reads: "For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights." Allegations point out that by distributing Rybka, if it is based on Fruit, this GNU license was violated (http://icga.wikispaces.com/Open+letter+to+the+ICGA+about+the+Rybka- Fruit+issue). If versions of Rybka are derived from Fruit and participated in ICGA tournaments, then Rybka has also violated ICGA Tournament Rules. Specifically, the rules state: "Each program must be the original work of the entering developers. Programming teams whose code is derived from or including game-playing code written by others must name all other authors, or the source of such code, in the details of their submission form.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the 3000 Elo Barrier a Glance Behind the Scenes of the Rybka Chess Engine by HARALD FIETZ
    Beyond the 3000 Elo barrier A glance behind the scenes of the Rybka chess engine by HARALD FIETZ t the end of 2005, the worked in the computer field. My looked very promising and scary for world of chess computers mother is also a trained mathematician. the opponent when I played them, but suddenly changed when an I have two younger brothers. We moved in a post-mortem Rybka sometimes engine with the name back to Prague when I was three weeks revealed them as crazy blunders. I A of Rybka appeared from old and stayed in the Czech Republic believe that using Rybka can help to virtually nowhere. At the prestigious until I was 11 The whole family develop an intuition about which International Paderborn Computer moved back to the USA at that time. I sacrifices actually work. For sure using Chess Championship the new program studied computer science at MIT Rybka has some influence on my by the American developer Vaclav (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) openings – I think that my repertoire is Rajlich – whom everybody simply calls near Boston and worked as a software getting much stronger thanks to my Vasik or Vas as his first name – won developer at Texas Instruments (Dallas, work with the engine.” a clear point ahead of established USA), Triada, a company specialized in machines such as Zappa, Spike, data compression, (Ypsilanti, USA), A programmer’s everyday life Shredder, Fruit or Jonny. Out of the Ford (Detroit, USA), at the Environ- and visions blue, Rybka skyrocketed to the top of mental Research Institute of Michigan, the Swedish computer rating list, which was developing radar imaging However, the improvement of a which had been regarded for a long systems (Ann Arbor, USA), and Option, sophisticated program also requires a time as the equivalent of the FIDE a leading company in the field of lot of support from other sources: rating list in the chess computer sector wireless communication technology “There are tons of people who are (cp.http://web.telia.com/~u85924109/ss (Adelsried, Germany), over the last involved in the project in various ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Today LONDON NEWS, GLOBAL VIEWS
    KENSINGTON CHELSEA & WESTMINSTER, HAMMERSMITH & FULHAM kcwAND OTHER SELECT LONDON BOROUGHStoday LONDON NEWS, GLOBAL VIEWS ISSUE 0068 DECEMBER/JANUARY 2017/18 FREE NEWS POLITICS BUSINESS & FINANCE OPINION EDUCATION ARTS & CULTUREBENJAMIN EVENTS FRANKLIN LIFESTYLE DINING OUT POETRY LITERATURE MOTORING SPORT CROSSWORD BRIDGE CHESS 2 December 2017/January 2018 Kensington, Chelsea & Westminster Today www.KCWToday.co.uk Contents & Offices Kensington, Chelsea KENSINGTON CHELSEA & WESTMINSTER, HAMMERSMITH & FULHAM AND OTHER SELECT LONDON BOROUGHS & Westminster Today kcwtoday Contents LONDON NEWS, GLOBAL VIEWS ISSUE 0067 NOVEMBER 2017 FREE EDUCATION 80-100 Gwynne Road, London, BUSINESS & FINANCE EVENTS SW11 3UW SUPPLEMENTS NEWS Tel: 020 7738 2348 POLITICS OPINION LIFESTYLE DINING OUT ARTS & CULTURE POETRY E-mail: [email protected] LITERATURE MOTORING Website: SPORT News CROSSWORD 3 BRIDGE www.kcwtoday.co.uk CHESS Advertisement enquiries: [email protected] 11 Statue & Blue Plaque Subscriptions: [email protected] BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Publishers: THE TREE OF KNOWLEDGE Opinion & Comment Kensington & Chelsea Today Limited 12 14 Features 16 Business & Finance Editor-in-Chief: Kate Hawthorne Art Director & Director: Tim Epps 21 Astronomy Editors : Kate Hawthorne, Emma Trehane Head of Business Development: Emma Trehane Business Development: Caroline Daggett, 22 Education Antoinette Kovatchka, Architecture: Squinch Art & Culture Editors: Don Grant, Marian Maitland 26 Literature Astronomy: Scott Beadle FRAS Ballet/Dance: Andrew Ward Bridge:
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents 65
    Table of Contents 65 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................................ 65 The End of an Era (H.J. van den Herik) .................................................................................................................... 65 Comparing Move Choices of Chess Search Engines (M. Levene and J. Bar-Ilan)................................................... 67 An Optimistic Pondering Approach for Asynchronous Distributed Game-Tree Search (K. Himstedt)................... 77 The Nature of Retrograde Analysis for Chinese Chess - Part 1 (H-r. Fang) ............................................................. 91 Information for Contributors.....................................................................................................................................106 News, Information, Tournaments, and Reports:.......................................................................................................107 Adams Outclassed by HYDRA (ChessBase, the Editor, J. Nunn, and D. Levy)........................................107 Man vs. Machine – What Next? (D. Levy) ..............................................................................................111 Computers Outsmart Indonesian Players (ChessBase) .............................................................................112 The 5th International Open CSVN Tournament (Th. van der Storm) .......................................................114
    [Show full text]
  • The Game! Full Pages of Classic Zig Samba 3Transcribed 12 Grooves Zigaboo Modeliste How the Meter Man Still Fascinates Us with His Rhythms
    A CUSTOM-BUILT DRUM AND CYMBAL $ WIN SET VALUED AT 14 ,000 THE SUMMER SET • RIVAL SONS MODERNTHE WORLD’S #1 DRUM MAGAZINE DRUMMERAUGUST 2013 GET BACK IN THE GAME! FULL PAGES OF CLASSIC ZIG SAMBA 3TRANSCRIBED 12 GROOVES ZIGABOO MODELISTE HOW THE METER MAN STILL FASCINATES US WITH HIS RHYTHMS ModernDrummer.com + STEVE SMITH ON NARADA MICHAEL WALDEN + THE DOORS’ JOHN DENSMORE ON HIS LATEST BOOK + DEANTONI PARKS ON HIS BOSNIAN RAINBOWS KIT + RASCAL FLATTS’ JIM RILEY ON ENDORSEMENTS GEN16 DIRECT SOURCE PICKUP THE NEXT GENERATION Introducing the new Direct Source Pickup from Zildjian. A one-of-a-kind pickup design for use with Gen16 acoustic-electric cymbals as well as Zildjian acoustic cymbals. Eliminates feedback, phasing, and cross-talk. Reproduce a natural acoustic tone. Enhance with reverb. Or use the Gen16 Digital Cymbal Processor (DCP) to tone shape any cymbal in your setup. Seamlessly integrates with both edrum and acoustic drum sets. Perfect for live performance applications. Visit gen-16.com for more information. SOUND LEGACY Volume 37, Cover and contents photos by Jay Blakesberg CONTENTS Number 8 EDUCATION 59 Zig’s Signature Beats by Mike Adamo 70 Concepts The Endorsement Game Understanding Product Promotion by Jim Riley 72 Strictly Technique Playing the Sixes Part 1: Volume and Accent Character by Chris Prescott On the Cover 74 Rock ’n’ Jazz Clinic Samba Coordination Builder 12 Independence Exercises Based on Chick Corea’s “Sicily” by Daniel Bédard 42 Zigaboo 76 Rock Perspectives Double Bass Workout Part 1: 16th-Note, Sextuplet, and 32nd-Note Fills by Todd Vinciguerra Modeliste 78 Jazz Drummer’s Workshop MD listens long and hard as the original Meters drummer Stick Control Revisited Drumset Applications describes his lifelong love a air with the drums and his by Steve Fidyk highly personal approach to timeless rhythms.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Deep Blue Chess in the Stratosphere
    M. Newborn Beyond Deep Blue Chess in the Stratosphere ▶ The only book covering the field of computer chess since the Deep Blue versus Kasparov matches ▶ Describes the latest developments in artificial intelligence for computer chess ▶ Presents a total of 118 games, played by 17 different chess engines ▶ Details the processor speeds, memory sizes, and the number of processors used by each chess engine ▶ Presents a thorough historical summary from 1997 to the present day More than a decade has passed since IBM’s Deep Blue computer stunned the world by defeating Garry Kasparov, the world chess champion at that time. Following Deep Blue’s retirement, there has been a succession of better and better chess playing computers, or 2011, XII, 287 p. chess engines, and today there is little question that the world’s best engines are stronger at the game than the world’s best human players. Printed book Beyond Deep Blue: Chess in the Stratosphere tells the continuing story of the chess engine and its steady improvement from its victory over Garry Kasparov to ever-greater Hardcover heights. The book provides analysis of the games alongside a detailed examination of the ▶ 59,99 € | £47.99 | $79.99 remarkable technological progress made by the engines – asking the questions which one ▶ *64,19 € (D) | 65,99 € (A) | CHF 71.00 is best, how good is it, and how much better can it get. eBook • Presents a total of 118 games, played by 17 different chess engines, collected together for the first time in a single reference Available from your bookstore or •
    [Show full text]
  • CSS-Rangliste Unumgänglich
    CSS- Ranglist e - Zappa heißt jet zt Zap!Chess CSS- Ranglist e - Zappa heißt jet zt Zap!Chess Neue Qualif ikat ionsnorm Das sensationelle Rating von Rybka 1.1 von über 2900 Elo hat nicht nur die Messlatte für die Konkurrenz in fast unerreichbare Höhen gelegt, zugleich macht dieses Ergebnis eine Überarbeitung der Struktur der CSS-Rangliste unumgänglich. Vor dem Test mit Rybka lag der Elounterschied zwischen dem Spitzenreiter Fruit 2.2.1 und dem Tabellenletzten Jonny 2.82 bei 224 Punkten. Rybka hat diesen Unterschied von jetzt auf gleich auf 318 Punkte gelegt und erzielte dabei einen durchschnittlichen Score von 79,2%. Dieser an sich fantastische Score macht aber zukünftige Messungen von Spielstärkesteigerungen auf diesem oder noch höherem Niveau fast unmöglich. Besonders deutlich wird dies, wenn man die erzielten Scores von Rybka 1.1 32-bit in drei Spielstärkegruppen aufteilt. Gegen die Gegner aus dem unteren Tabellendrittel erzielte Rybka einen durchschnittlichen Score von 85,0% und erzielte dabei Matchscores von 77,5%–95,0%. Genau diese Ergebnisse sind statistisch grenzwertig, weil sie eben kaum verbesserbar sind. Um solche Resultate zu reduzieren, ist es unumgänglich, das Spielstärkeniveau innerhalb der Rangliste zu erhöhen. Dies erreicht man, indem man die Rangliste zahlenmäßig reduziert, also schwächere Engines aus der Rangliste entfernt. Ich stellte mir dabei die Frage, wie ein solches Prozedere in geregelter Weise erfolgen kann. Dabei fiel mir ein, dass die CSS-Rangliste in früherer Zeit genau zu diesem Zweck mit einer Qualifikationsnorm belegt war. Hierzu zog ich seinerzeit die FIDE-Normen, welche natürlich für menschliche Schachspieler galten, heran. Um in die Rangliste aufgenommen zu werden, mussten die betreffenden Engines mit ihrem Testdurchlauf so viel Punkte erzielen, dass sie die Norm eines Internationalen Meisters erringen würde.
    [Show full text]
  • Gentlemen, Stop Your Engines!
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Central Archive at the University of Reading 150 ICGA Journal September 2007 GENTLEMEN, STOP YOUR ENGINES! G. M cC. Haworth1 Reading, England ABSTRACT For fifty years, computer chess has pursued an original goal of Artificial Intelligence, to produce a chess-engine to compete at the highest level. The goal has arguably been achieved, but that success has made it harder to answer questions about the relative playing strengths of man and machine. The proposal here is to approach such questions in a counter-intuitive way, handicapping or stopping-down chess engines so that they play less well. The intrinsic lack of man-machine games may be side-stepped by analysing existing games to place computer- engines as accurately as possible on the FIDE ELO scale of human play. Move-sequences may also be assessed for likelihood if computer-assisted cheating is suspected. 1. INTRODUCTION The recently celebrated Dartmouth Summer Workshop of 1956 (Moor, 2006) coined the term Artificial Intelli- gence. The AI goal most clearly defined was to create a chess engine to compete at the highest level. Moore’s law plus new versions and types of chess engine such as FRUIT, RYBKA and ZAPPA, have increased the likeli- hood that this goal has now been reached. Ironically, recent silicon successes in man-machine play have made this claim harder to verify as there is now a distinct lack of enthusiasm on the human side for such matches, especially extended ones. Past encounters have often been marred by clear blunders2, highlighting the unsatis- factory nature of determining the competence of homo sapiens by the transitory performance of one individual.
    [Show full text]