Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) movements

Shoveler breed across a wide geographic region that includes both northwestern North America and a large area in northern Eurasia south to about 40oN in some areas. Wintering areas spread out in western and southern Europe, southern Asia eastwards to Japan. The Shoveler is regularly found during winter in areas south of the Sahara along a line of approximately 12°N, from Senegal in the west to Sudan in the east and then south along the rift valley to Kenya.

In Europe, the largest concentrations tend to occur in the southern countries of Spain and France and eastwards into Turkey and Greece. Further Figure 1: Map depicting the movements of Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) based on concentrations occur around the Caspian Sea and in published information and ring recoveries in southern Iran. the EURING Data Bank.

The largest numbers of recoveries are from birds ringed in Russia, the Netherlands and Britain. Recoveries between December and February are mainly found in western and south-western Europe and in northwest Africa. Single recoveries are also reported eastwards to the area of Caspian Sea. Several recoveries are also found in Senegal in West Africa. A tendency to decrease in the number of recoveries from Iberia and Italy is recorded between January and February, while the intensity of return movements increases in March, with a further decrease in Iberia and strong influxes of migrants in Italy. In April, recoveries are spread out in southern Russia and Kazakhstan, while birds are reported from areas further north in May. Concentrations of recoveries in coastal areas in western Europe in July tend to be moulting males. The autumn migration starts early and many birds start moving west in August and concentrations are found along the Atlantic coast between September and November. A small number of recoveries in Italy during autumn supports the idea that the species performs a loop migration.

Shovelers breeding in northern Europe and northwestern Russia move SW to western and southwestern Europe, North Africa as well as to tropical West Africa. Birds from Britain & Ireland move south to France and Spain, while birds from breeding areas in central and eastern Europe move to western Europe and the Mediterranean basin. From Russia, Siberia and Kazakhstan birds move either to Mediterranean, southwest Asia and East Africa or to the Caspian area and further south to Pakistan and India. Males perform moult migration during summer and gather in some localities in Europe and Russia, e.g. Ijsselmeer, Matsalu Bay and Volga delta. Typical for many duck species is that pair formation takes place in winter and males often follow females to the breeding site.

From: Delany, S., Veen, J. & Clark, J.A. (eds) 2006. Urgent preliminary assessment of ornithological data relevant to the spread of Avian Influenza in Europe. Report to the European Commission. Study contract: 07010401/2005/425926/MAR/B4. Authors: Atkinson, P.W., Clark, J.A., Delany, S., Diagana, C.H., du Feu, C., Fiedler, W., Fransson, T., Gaulthier-Clerc, M., Grantham, M.J., Gschweng, M., Hagemeijer, W., Helmink, T., Johnson, A., Khomenko, S., Martakis, G., Overdijk, O., Robinson, R.A., Solokha, A., Spina, F., Sylla, S.I., Veen, J. & Visser, D. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/nature_conservation/focus_wild_birds/avian_influenza/index_en.htm

Table 1: Summary of the movements of Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) from the literature based on published information and ring recoveries in the EURING Data Bank.

Shoveler Anas clypeata

Distribution: Holarctic, across North America and northern Eurasia, breeding as far south as Mediterranean

Moult: moult migration from June onwards (The Baltics, Netherlands, Volga delta)

Population Autumn Migration Wintering / Non-breeding Grounds Spring Migration References (or part of population)

direction / via during location during direction / via during Iceland (10-30 breeding pairs) N-Britain and Ireland 3 Fennoscandia, the Baltics, Russia via Denmark, Germany Aug-Sep NW-Europe, Netherlands, Great Feb-Mar 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 Britain & Ireland, as far as France and Spain, Italy, Mediterranean basin (mix with western birds here) Great Britain & Ireland S S-France, S-Spain, Italy, 1, 3 Mediterranean, N-Africa

Central and Southwest Europe S-SW, birds to Africa tend Sep-Oct Mediterranean basin (mix with Oct-Jan via Italy (loop Mar-Apr 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12 to use a southwestern eastern birds here), NW- Africa, migration) route across the Iberian Senegal, Niger, Chad, Nigeria Peninsula

W-Siberia, Russia moult in Volga delta, Egypt June SW-Asia, NE- and E-Africa Oct-Jan 1, 8 SW-Siberia moult within SW-Siberia, in W-SW as far as Caspian region, India, 8, 11, 14 Kazakhstan, in North Pakistan, Morocco, Egypt Caspian region, basin of Ob and Irtysh

Iran India 8

North America Mexico, California, Central 3 America, West Indies References consulted in drawing up the movement summary tables. Number in tables indicate which reference was used in drawing up each line of data in the tables.

Number in Tables Reference 1 Bauer, H.G., Bezzel, E. & Fiedler, W. (eds.) 2005. Kompendium der Vögel Mitteleuropas. Aula- Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 2 Speek, B.J. & Speek, G. (1984). Thieme’s vogeltrekatlas. Thieme, Zutphen. 3 Wernham, C., Toms, M., Marchant, J., Clark, J., Siriwardena, G. & Baillie, S. (eds.) 2002. The Migration Atlas: movements of the birds of Britain and Ireland. T. & A.D. Poyser, London. 4 Fransson, T. & Pettersson, J. (2001): Svensk ringmärkningsatlas. Vol. 1. Stockholm. Including preliminary printouts for volume 2 (unpublished, 2006) 5 Bønløkke, J., Madsen, J.J., Thorup, K., Pedersen, K.T., Bjerrum, M. & Rahbek, C. in press. Dansk Trækfugleatlas. The Danish Bird Migration Atlas (to be published spring 2006). Rhodos International Science & Art Publishers Ltd., Holtegaard, Humlebæk, Denmark. 6 Unpublished printout of recovery maps from the Helsinki Bird Ringing Scheme. 7 Roggeman, W., Huisseune, D., Vangeluwe, D., Vandenbulck, P. & Vandousselare, P. 1995. Belgian Ringing Scheme Databank. Gaviidae to Anatidae. Studiedocumenten van het K.B.I.N., Brussels. 8 Scott, D.A. & Rose, P.M. 1996. Atlas of Anatidae Populations in Africa and Western Eurasia. Wetlands International Publication 41. 9 Bakken, V., Runde, O. & Tjørve, E. 2003. Norsk Ringmerkings Atlas. Lommer - Alkefugler. Ringmerkingssentralen, Stavanger Museum. 10 Bianki, V.V. & Dobrynina, I.N. 1997. Anseriformes, Dabbling ducks. In: Pavlov, D.S. (series ed.): Migrations of Birds of eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Nauka, Moscow. 11 Veen J., Yurlov, A.K., Delany S.N., Mihantiev, A.I., Selivanova, M.A. & Boere, G.C. 2005. An atlas of movements of Southwest Siberian waterbirds. Wetlands International, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 12 Recovery maps from the Italian Bird Ringing Scheme 13 Czech Duck Ringing project. URL: http://www.mujweb.cz/veda/aythya/menu/records.htm 14 McClure (1998): Migration and Survival of the Birds of Asia. White Lotus Press, Thailand. 15 Kishchinskii, A.A. (1978): Gaviiformes to Ciconiiformes. Migrations of birds of eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Nauka, Moscow. 16 Kishchinskii, A.A. (1982): Falconiformes to Gruiformes. Migrations of birds of eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Nauka, Moscow. 17 Svazasn S., W. Meissner, V, Serebryakov, A. Kozulin & G. Grishanov (2001): Changes of wintering sites of waterfowl in central and eastern Europe. OMPO, Vilnius.

SF - 101 SV - 113

DK - 262

LV - 521 NL – 1,230

GB - 416 LI - 1

ER - 3 PL - 65 BL - 54 DE - 41 FR - 2

HG - 2 HE - 2

ES - 45 IA - 5

PO - 3

Figure 2. Country of ringing and numbers of recoveries of birds featured in maps of finding locations - Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata).