Phylogenetics of a Recent Radiation in the Mallards And
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The Endemic Ducks of Remote Islands DAVID LACK Introduction with the Names and Measurements of the Resident Forms of Anas
Ducks of remote islands 5 The endemic ducks of remote islands DAVID LACK Introduction with the names and measurements of the resident forms of Anas. On large islands This paper is concerned with all those and on islands near continents many ducks which have formed distinctive sub species of ducks coexist. For instance, 13 species restricted to one particular small species, 7 in the genus Anas, breed regu and remote island or archipelago. Only larly in Britain (Parslow 1967), 16 species, dabbling ducks in the genus Anas are 6 in the genus Anas, in Iceland (F. involved. Many species in this genus have Gudmundsson pers, com.), 8, 5 in the an extremely wide range, but the average genus Anas, in the Falkland Islands number of subspecies per species is as (Cawkell and Hamilton 1961) and 7, with low as 1.9 for the 38 species recognised 2 more in the nineteenth century, 4 in the by Delacour (1954-64). Hence the fact genus Anas, in New Zealand (Williams that nearly all the ducks on remote small 1964). Some of the Falklands and New islands are separate subspecies means that, Zealand forms are endemic, not so those for ducks, they belong to relatively of British or Iceland. Although the isolated populations. In contrast, on some various species of ducks look superficially of the archipelagos concerned, notably alike, especially when seen together in a the Hawaiian Islands and Galapagos, collection of living waterfowl, they have various of the land birds are distinctive in fact evolved an adaptive radiation species or even genera. -
Waterfowl of North America, Revised Edition (2010) Papers in the Biological Sciences
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Waterfowl of North America, Revised Edition (2010) Papers in the Biological Sciences 2010 Waterfowl of North America: Waterfowl Distributions and Migrations in North America Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciwaterfowlna Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Waterfowl of North America: Waterfowl Distributions and Migrations in North America" (2010). Waterfowl of North America, Revised Edition (2010). 5. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciwaterfowlna/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Waterfowl of North America, Revised Edition (2010) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Waterfowl Distributions and Migrations in North America The species of waterfowl breeding in North America have distribution patterns that collectively reflect the past geologic and ecological histories of this continent. In general, our waterfowl species may be grouped into those that are limited (endemic) to North America, those that are shared between North and South America, and those that are shared with Europe and/or Asia. Of the forty-four species known to breed in continental North America, the resulting grouping of breeding distributions is as follows: Limited to North America: Snow goose (also on Greenland and Wrangel Island) , Ross goose, Canada goose (also on Greenland), wood duck, Amer ican wigeon, black duck, blue-winged teal, redhead, canvasback, ring necked duck, lesser scaup, Labrador duck (extinct), surf scoter, bufflehead, hooded merganser. -
August Newsletter
Louisiana Natural Resources News Newsletter of the Louisiana Association of Professional Biologists August 2005 CONTENTS: Page Fall Symposium – August 18 & 19 in Lafayette 1 Symposium Logistics – Location, How to get there, & Costs 2 Symposium Agenda 2 Summer foodplots and management dilemmas – Jeb Linscomb 4 Ducks by the numbers: what the May counts revealed – Frank Rohwer 5 Mississippi Flyway News: A Liberal Hunting Season With “Cautions” – Larry Reynolds 7 Restoration publications worth reading – Joy Merino 8 Terracing in Coastal Marshes - Joy Merino & Christine Thibodeaux 9 Abstracts for Fall Symposium oral presentations 10 Abstracts for poster presentations at the Fall Symposium 17 Louisiana Association of Professional Biologists Executive Board President: Larry Reynolds 225-765-0456 [email protected] President-elect: Jimmy Anthony 225-765-2347 [email protected] Past-President: Fred Kimmel 225-765-2355 [email protected] Treasurer: John Pitre 318-473-7809 [email protected] Secretary: Scott Durham 225-765-2351 [email protected] Newsletter Editor: Frank Rohwer 225-578-4146 [email protected] Fall Symposium only weeks away – August 18 & 19 Fill out your travel forms and get ready to wind your way to Lafayette for the Fall Symposium, which will be all day August 18th and half of August 19th at the NOAA Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center near the Cajondome. This is the same venue as last year. The general plan for the meeting also is like recent year’s symposia with student talks on Thursday and then a half day focused session on Friday morning. That half day focus session will be Integrated Natural Resource Management in Louisiana Forests, Marshes, and Grasslands. -
A 2010 Supplement to Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard Papers in the Biological Sciences 2010 The World’s Waterfowl in the 21st Century: A 2010 Supplement to Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciducksgeeseswans Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "The World’s Waterfowl in the 21st Century: A 2010 Supplement to Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World" (2010). Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard. 20. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciducksgeeseswans/20 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. The World’s Waterfowl in the 21st Century: A 200 Supplement to Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World Paul A. Johnsgard Pages xvii–xxiii: recent taxonomic changes, I have revised sev- Introduction to the Family Anatidae eral of the range maps to conform with more current information. For these updates I have Since the 978 publication of my Ducks, Geese relied largely on Kear (2005). and Swans of the World hundreds if not thou- Other important waterfowl books published sands of publications on the Anatidae have since 978 and covering the entire waterfowl appeared, making a comprehensive literature family include an identification guide to the supplement and text updating impossible. -
America&Apos;S Unknown Avifauna: the Birds of the Mariana Islands
ß ß that time have been the basis for con- America's unknown avifauna. siderable concern (Vincent, 1967) and indeed appear to be the basis for the the birds of inclusion of several Mariana birds in the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (1976) list of the Mariana Islands Endangered Species.These brief war- time observationswere important, but no significant investigationshave been conductedin the ensuingthirty yearsto "Probably no otherAmerican birds determine the extent to which the are aspoorly known as these." endemic avifauna of these islands may haverecovered. Importantly, no assess- mentshave been made of the impactof H. Douglas Pratt, Phillip L. Bruner the military's aerial planting of the exoticscrubby tree known as tangan- and Delwyn G. Berrett tangan, Leucaenaglauca, to promote revegetationafter the war. This 'treeis known as "koa haole" in Hawaii. restricted both in their time for bird ß ß announcesthe signthat greets observation and in their movements on v•sitors to Guam. Few Americans realize the islands. Their studies were made in authorsURING THEvisitedSUMMER the islandsOF1076the of that the nation's westernmost territories 1945 and 1946 when most of the Mari- Saipan,Tinian, Rota, and Guam, and m he across the International Date Line in anaswere just beginningto recoverfrom 1978 Bruner and Pratt returned to Sai- the far westernPacific. Guam, the larg- the ravagesof war (Baker, 1946).Never- pan and Guam. We havespent a total of est and southernmost of the Mariana theless, population estimates made at 38 man/dayson Saipan,four on Tinian, Islands,has been a United Statesposses- s•on since Spain surrendered her sov- & Agrihan ereigntyover the island at the end of the Sparash-AmericanWar. -
Section 3.6 Marine Birds
3.6 Marine Birds MARIANA ISLANDS TRAINING AND TESTING FINAL EIS/OEIS MAY 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.6 MARINE BIRDS .................................................................................................................... 3.6-1 3.6.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 3.6-1 3.6.1.1 Endangered Species Act ............................................................................................................. 3.6-2 3.6.1.2 Migratory Bird Treaty Act Species and 50 Code of Federal Regulations Part 21.15 Requirements ............................................................................................................................. 3.6-3 3.6.1.3 United States Fish and Wildlife Service Birds of Conservation Concern ................................... 3.6-4 3.6.1.4 Major Bird Groups...................................................................................................................... 3.6-4 3.6.1.5 Areas Included in the Analysis ................................................................................................... 3.6-6 3.6.2 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................ 3.6-7 3.6.2.1 Group Size .................................................................................................................................. 3.6-8 3.6.2.2 Diving ........................................................................................................................................ -
2.9 Waterbirds: Identification, Rehabilitation and Management
Chapter 2.9 — Freshwater birds: identification, rehabilitation and management• 193 2.9 Waterbirds: identification, rehabilitation and management Phil Straw Avifauna Research & Services Australia Abstract All waterbirds and other bird species associated with wetlands, are described including how habitats are used at ephemeral and permanent wetlands in the south east of Australia. Wetland habitat has declined substantially since European settlement. Although no waterbird species have gone extinct as a result some are now listed as endangered. Reedbeds are taken as an example of how wetlands can be managed. Chapter 2.9 — Freshwater birds: identification, rehabilitation and management• 194 Introduction such as farm dams and ponds. In contrast, the Great-crested Grebe is usually associated with large Australia has a unique suite of waterbirds, lakes and deep reservoirs. many of which are endemic to this, the driest inhabited continent on earth, or to the Australasian The legs of grebes are set far back on the body region with Australia being the main stronghold making them very efficient swimmers. They forage for the species. Despite extensive losses of almost completely underwater pursuing fish and wetlands across the continent since European aquatic arthropods such as insects and crustaceans. settlement no extinctions of waterbirds have They are strong fliers but are poor at manoeuvering been recorded from the Australian mainland as in flight and generally prefer to dive underwater a consequence. However, there have been some to escape avian predators or when disturbed by dramatic declines in many populations and several humans. Flights between wetlands, some times species are now listed as threatened including over great distances, are carried out under the cover the Australasian Bittern, Botaurus poiciloptilus of darkness when it is safe from attack by most (nationally endangered). -
Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Anatini (Surface-Feeding Ducks)
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior, by Paul Johnsgard Papers in the Biological Sciences January 1965 Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Anatini (Surface-feeding Ducks) Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihandwaterfowl Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Anatini (Surface-feeding Ducks)" (1965). Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior, by Paul Johnsgard. 16. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihandwaterfowl/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior, by Paul Johnsgard by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Subfamily Anatinae 125 Aix. During extreme excitement the male will often roll his head on his back, or even bathe. I have not observed Preening-behind-the- wing, but W. von de Wall (pers. comm.) has observed a male per- form it toward a female. Finally, Wing-flapping appears to be used as a display by males, and it is especially conspicuous because each sequence of it is ended by a rapid stretching of both wings over the back in a posture that makes visible the white axillary feathers, which contrast sharply with the black underwing surface. Copulatory behavior. Precopulatory behavior consists of the male swimming up to the female, his neck stretched and his crest de- pressed, and making occasional Bill-dipping movements. He then suddenly begins to perform more vigorous Head-dipping movements, and the female, if receptive, performs similar Bill-dipping or Head- dipping movements. -
Genetic Divergence Among Populations of the Hawaiian Duck, Laysan Duck, and Mallard
The Auk 110(1):49-56, 1993 GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG POPULATIONS OF THE HAWAIIAN DUCK, LAYSAN DUCK, AND MALLARD ROBERT A. BROWNE,• CURTICE R. GRIFFIN, 2 PAUL R. CHANG, 2 MARK HUBLEY, • AND AMY E. MARTIN s •Departmentof Biology,Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina27109, USA; and 2Departmentof Forestryand Wildlife Management, University of Massachusetts,Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA ABSTRACr.--Allozymicvariation at 20 gene loci was estimatedfor populationsof the Laysan Duck (Anaslaysanensis) and the Hawaiian Duck (A. wyvilliana)from the Hawaiianarchipelago, as well as for Mallard populations(A. platyrhynchos)from Hawaii and North America. The Laysan Duck and Hawaiian Duck are endemic, have experiencedsevere bottlenecks,and are listed as endangered species.Alternative alleles are fixed at six loci for Mallards versus Hawaiian anatids (Hawaiian and Laysan ducks). In contrast,every allelic variant found in the Laysan Duck was present in the Hawaiian Duck (but not vice versa), suggestingthe formeris an offshootof the latter.The geneticdistance (Nei's D) betweenLaysan and Hawaiian ducks is lessthan 0.01, while that between both Hawaiian and Laysan ducks and Mallards is greater than 0.45. The allozymic evidence also suggeststhat there has been extensive hy- bridization between Mallards and Hawaiian Ducks on Oahu, with the near disappearanceof Hawaiian Duck alleles.However, there is only slight evidenceof Mallard genic introgression into the Hawaiian Duck population on Kauai. Finally, the allozymic data suggestthat the Hawaiian Duck is a distinctspecies from the Mallard, but that little geneticdivergence has occurredbetween Hawaiian and Laysanducks. Received 25 July 1991,accepted 8 March 1992. THERESULTS of evolutionary processeson oce- and maintenance of populations of Hawaiian anic islands are evident in the Hawaiian avi- Ducks on Oahu and Hawaii relied on progeny fauna, which exhibits striking examples of from relatively few captive-reared birds. -
Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard Papers in the Biological Sciences 2010 Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World: Index Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciducksgeeseswans Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World: Index" (2010). Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard. 19. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciducksgeeseswans/19 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Index The following index is limited to the species of Anatidae; species of other bird families are not indexed, nor are subspecies included. However, vernacular names applied to certain subspecies that sometimes are considered full species are included, as are some generic names that are not utilized in this book but which are still sometimes applied to par ticular species or species groups. Complete indexing is limited to the entries that correspond to the vernacular names utilized in this book; in these cases the primary species account is indicated in italics. Other vernacular or scientific names are indexed to the section of the principal account only. Abyssinian blue-winged goose. See atratus, Cygnus, 31 Bernier teal. See Madagascan teal blue-winged goose atricapilla, Heteronetta, 365 bewickii, Cygnus, 44 acuta, Anas, 233 aucklandica, Anas, 214 Bewick swan, 38, 43, 44-47; PI. -
THE FORAGING ECOLOGY, HABITAT USE, and POPULATION DYNAMICS of the LAYSAN TEAL (Anas Laysanensis)
THE FORAGING ECOLOGY, HABITAT USE, AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE LAYSAN TEAL (Anas laysanensis) by Michelle H. Reynolds A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Approved by Jeffery R. Walters, Committee chair Curtis Adkisson, Committee member E. F. Benfield, Committee member James Fraser, Committee member William Steiner, Committee member Defense date October 31, 2002 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Anas laysanensis, foraging ecology, habitat use, population estimate, survival, island waterfowl, Laysan Island THE FORAGING ECOLOGY, HABITAT USE, AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE LAYSAN TEAL (Anas laysanensis) Michelle H. Reynolds ABSTRACT The Laysan teal, an endangered species, is restricted to a single population on Laysan Island, a remote atoll of the Hawaiian archipelago. Little is known of the Laysan teal’s ecology, therefore, I examined food habits, habitat use, and population dynamics. These aspects of its ecology are fundamental to the species management and conservation. I described diel and nocturnal habitat use, home range, and foraging with radio telemetry in 1998-2000. Most individuals showed strong site fidelity during the tracking period, but habitat selection varied between individuals. Mean home range size was 9.78 ha (SE 2.6) using the fixed kernel estimator (95% kernel; 15 birds with >25 locations). Foraging was strongly influenced by time of day: birds spent only 4% of their time foraging in the day, but spent 45% of their time foraging at night. Time activity budgets from the island’s four habitat zones indicated that the coastal zone was rarely used for foraging. -
Anas Platyrhynchos Global Invasive
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Anas platyrhynchos Anas platyrhynchos System: Freshwater_terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Aves Anseriformes Anatidae Common name Synonym Anas oustaleti , Salvadori, 1894 Anas boschas , Linnaeus, 1758 Similar species Summary The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most common and widely distributed dabbling duck, having a widespread global distribution throughout the northern hemisphere. This migratory species is a highly valued game bird and the source of all domestic ducks with the exception of the Muscovy. Introductions and range expansions of A. platyrhynchos for game purposes pose a threat of competition and hybridization to native waterfowl. Also, recent studies hold the mallard as a likely vector for the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) (H5N1). view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description Anas platyrhynchos is a medium to large dabbling duck ranging from about 50-60 cm in length and 1-1.3 kg. It is strongly sexually dimorphic. Breeding males bear a distinctive green head, narrow white neck-ring, brown breast, brownish-gray dorsal feathers, pale gray sides and belly, black rump and under tail coverts, white outer tail, and strongly recurved black central tail feathers. Their wings are a pale gray with a distinct iridescent blue upperside and secondaries bordered with white leading and trailing edges, white under-wing coverts, and pale gray undersides. Bills are yellow to olive and legs and feet are orange to red. Females have a broken streaky pattern of buff, white, gray, to black on brown. They have white outer tail feathers and under tail coverts, a white belly, and a prominent dark eyeline.