DOCSLIB.ORG

MEDICINAL PLANTS in AUSTRALIA Volume 4 an Antipodean Apothecary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MEDICINAL PLANTS in AUSTRALIA Volume 4 an Antipodean Apothecary MEDICINAL PLANTS IN AUSTRALIA Volume 4 An Antipodean Apothecary Cheryll J Williams ROSENBERG First published in Australia in 2013 by Rosenberg Publishing Pty Ltd PO Box 6125, Dural Delivery Centre NSW 2158 Phone: 61 2 9654 1502 Fax: 61 2 9654 1338 Email: [email protected] Web: www.rosenbergpub.com.au Copyright © Cheryll J. Williams 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher in writing. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data: Author: Williams, Cheryll. Title: Medicinal plants : an antipodean apothecary / Cheryll J. Williams. ISBN: 9781922013507 (hbk) Series: Medicinal plants in Australia ; v. 4 Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Medicinal plants--Australia. Materia medica, Vegetable--Australia. Dewey Number: 615.321 Printed in China by Everbest Printing Co Limited 5 Contents Foreword: Brendan Lepschi 7 4 New Roles for Old Remedies 137 In troduction: Re-evaluating the Past – Herbs for the Centella: Ancient Remedy for the Modern World 137 Future 8 A Remarkable Therapeutic Repertoire 138 Circulatory and Cardiovascular Support 141 1 Flowers of the Materia Medica 18 A Neuroprotective Agent 144 A Potent Floral Pharmacy 19 Table 4.1 Summary of recent investigations of Opium Extraction 22 Centella asiatica and its active components 147 Cardioactive Herbs 24 Remedies for Recollection 150 The Medicinal Rose 29 Leprosy: Disease and Disfigurement 152 The Aromatic Rose 31 The Leprous Affliction 156 Remedies from Rosehips 32 Leprosy Treatment 159 Multipurpose Rose Remedies 35 The Legendary Chaulmoogra 161 Fragrance and Flavourings in Pharmacy 40 Achariaceae in Northern Australia 166 Table 1.1 Overview of the main essential oil yielding Cyanide in Pangium 168 herbs and spices with flavouring qualities that are New Roles for Chaulmoogra Oil? 169 utilised in pharmacy 42 Hy dnocarpus: Flavonoids of Pharmacological Value 171 Herbal Drugs with Activity Against Mycobacteria 175 2 Asteraceae: Daisies of the Apothecary 47 Australian Antimycobacterial Candidates 180 The Garden Apothecary 47 Table 4.2 Plants with antimycobacterial potential A Wound-wort of Distinction: Bellis perennis 48 that are found in Australia (native or naturalised), Analgesic Daisies 51 and closely related native species 184 Table 2.1 Summary of investigations into ‘daisy’ herbs of medicinal value from the genera Acmella, 5 Earth Medicine: A Mineral Pharmacy 193 Spilanthes and Wedelia 55 Antibiotics: The Dirt on Microorganisms 195 Beach Sunflowers and Singapore Daisies 59 Antibacterial Earth 202 Classic Chamomile 66 Antibacterial Metals 205 A Complex Essential Oil 70 Earth as a Poison Antidote 211 Dandelion: a Famed Liver Tonic 70 Clay for Enterotoxins 214 A Traditional Anticancer Herb 74 A Dietary Detoxicant? 219 Marigolds: Treasure in the Garden 77 Drug–Clay Interactions 225 Tagetes: American Marigolds 83 Table 5.1 Summary of clay types used in pharmacy Stinking Roger: an Insecticidal Import 86 and drug delivery systems 226 Contaminant Considerations 229 3 Validating Bush Medicines 90 Soil Science: A New Look at Urban Earth 237 Native Antibacterials 91 A Purification Effect 238 Pterocaulon: A Fragrant Wound Remedy 96 Into the Unknown: Microbes for the Future 243 Plectranthus: Aromatic ‘Native Mints’ 98 Table 3.1 Summary of traditional uses of medicinal 6 A Desire for Dirt? 245 Plectranthus 101 Ancient Art in an Ancient Landscape 245 Antifungal Plectranthus 103 Ornamentation and Display 246 Sneezeweeds 105 Mines from Prehistory 251 Headache Vines 110 Ancient Earth 253 An Aromatic Irritant: Tickweed (Cleome viscosa) 114 Medicinal Muds 255 A Forgotten Herb: the Medicinal Pigweed 118 Mineral Spas 257 Buckthorn: a Native Source of Aesculin 123 Dirt in the Diet? 261 A Renewed Interest in Native Flora 131 Mineral Matters 264 Table 3.2 Overview of Australian plants examined Table 6.1 White Clay and termitaria samples from for biological properties in recent scientific literature the Northern Territory 266 that are of interest for medicinal purposes 132 Table 6.2 Summary of Australian clay resources utilised by Aboriginal people 266 The Puzzle of Chemical Variation 395 The Downside of Clay Ingestion 269 Table 9.1 Duboisia species and the main chemical Parasites from Poo 275 constituents of pharmacological interest 398 Bugs, Bacteria and the Immune System 278 Table 9.2 Australian Solanaceae and their alkaloidal A Parasite that Influences Behaviour? 283 constituents 399 Medicinal Mycobacteria 285 A Toxic Harvest 400 Therapeutic Earthworms 286 Success … and Failure: The Australian Experience 400 A Matter of Overseas Development 401 7 Arid Landscapes: Medicinals and Aromatics from the Desert 291 10 Tobacco Tales 403 Boobialla Bush Tucker 293 Wild Tobacco 403 Bastard Sandalwood: Fragrance from the Desert Table 10.1 Australian Nicotiana: distribution, use Termite Mounds: Underpinning Ecosystems 277 and chemistry 407 Precious Resources 306 Tobacco as Medicine 408 A Poisonous Mystery 309 Risky Business 414 Desert Herbals 312 Table 10.2 Summary of the Symptoms of Nicotinic Table 7.1 Summary of the medicinal uses of Acid Poisoning 416 Eremophila 313 A Local Tobacco Trade 418 Eremophila longifolia: A Variable Essential Oil 320 Native Campanulaceae 422 A Focus on Antimicrobials 321 Verbascoside: A Versatile Pharmacological Agent 325 11 Steroids from Yams 432 Tribe Myoporeae: Intriguing Chemical Dioscorea: Steroidal Substances 432 Complexity 327 A Wild Harvest Table 7.2 A brief summary of the major chemical Table 11.1 The Dioscorea genus as a source of components in the Myoporaceae 327 diosgenin and herbal medicines 434 Eeremophilanes from the Asteraceae 329 Folk Healing Traditions Do donaea: A Rather Remarkable Continental Pioneer 331 Table 11.2 Traditional medicinal uses of Dioscorea Table 7.3 Medicinal use of the Dodonaea genus: yams 437 antimicrobial and healing properties 334 Natural Anticholesterol Agents? 440 Table 7.4 Additional medicinal uses of the Dodonaea Anticancer Yams 444 genus 335 Alternative Steroid Resources 447 8 Ancient Drugs in a Modern World 340 12 Kangaroo Apples and Blackberry Sorcerous Solanaceae 342 Nightshades 451 Medicinal Solanaceae 345 Solasodine for Steroid Production 452 The Black Henbane (Hyoscamus niger) 348 Australian Kangaroo Apples 454 Stramonium in Australia 349 Table 12.1 Summary of Important Medicinal and Old Herbs for New Drugs 355 Toxic Glycoalkaloids in Common Solanaceae 455 Table 8.1 Solanaceae herbs utilised as medicinal The Feral Devil’s Fig 458 plants or for drug production 355 The Blackberry Nightshades 462 A Modern Market 358 Table 12.2 Summary of the medicinal uses of Physostigmine: From Poison to Invaluable Medicine Solanum nigrum in different cultures 466 360 Neurological Influences 469 The Infamous ‘Ordeal Bean of Old Calabar’ 361 Anticancer Solanaceae 472 Discovery of a Miracle Drug 362 White Nightshade 474 Drugs for Memory and Warfare 364 Table 12.3 Traditional Chinese medicine anticancer preparations utilising Solanum nigrum 475 9 Pituri: A Mysterious Narcotic 369 A Curative Anticancer Cream 475 An Outback Drug Plant 372 More Medicinal Solanum 481 Pituri: Trade Across a Continent 373 Table 12.4 Research into additional medicinal uses of The Problem of Identification 374 the Solanum genus 482 The Poison Puzzle 375 Cestrum, Calcium and Vitamin D 487 Discovery of a Mydriatic and Intoxicant 383 Duboisine or Atropine: the Commercial Market 386 Resources 491 Alkaloid Conundrums 388 Index 541 A Native Drug for the War Effort 393 Foreword As botanists working in a national scientific research soon realised that there was far, far more to this subject institution, my colleagues and I receive many queries than I had imagined. from the general public. One of the most frequent areas Cheryll’s careful research and collation of this of enquiry relates to the uses of Australian plants by otherwise scattered information makes for authoritative humans, either for ornament, food or, more significantly, and entertaining reading. There is the danger that such their toxic or medicinal qualities. The last subject has works may lean too far towards a popular interpretation always been a difficult one to respond to, due to the and sacrifice accuracy for readability, or alternatively tend dearth of recent, reliable information. Information on towards overt and unnecessary detail. Medicinal Plants in the medicinal properties of Australian plants does exist, Australia is neither of these. The information presented is but it is widely scattered throughout the scientific and clear, concise and (most importantly) reliable, referenced popular literature and as such is not readily available. as it is to the large scientific literature on this subject and At least that was the case, until Cheryll Williams interpreted by someone who is an authority in the field. embarked upon her ambitious and impressive series, Through regular email exchanges, I also became Medicinal Plants in Australia. I first became aware aware of the enormous amount of effort required to of Cheryll and her work in 2008, when I received an see each subsequent volume through to fruition and I enquiry from her regarding scientific name changes in found myself keenly anticipating the arrival of each the Myrtaceae. Thankfully this is an area in which I new volume. However, in my case it was more a matter have some expertise (as opposed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tetrandrine Attenuates Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Rats with Myocardial Infarction
    EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE 21: 119, 2021 Tetrandrine attenuates left ventricular dysfunction in rats with myocardial infarction YOUYANG WU, WEI ZHAO, FANHAO YE, SHIWEI HUANG, HAO CHEN, RUI ZHOU and WENBING JIANG Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China Received March 16, 2020; Accepted September 16, 2020 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9551 Abstract. The present study aimed to determine whether the levels of LVIDd and LVIDs were significantly higher; tetrandrine could attenuate left ventricular dysfunction and however, the levels of EF% and FS% were lower compared remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction. Sprague‑Dawley with those in the sham operation group, which was alleviated rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=5/group) as by tetrandrine. H&E results showed that tetrandrine allevi‑ follows: i) Healthy control group; ii) sham operation group; ated the pathological characteristics of myocardial infarction iii) myocardial infarction model group; iv) myocardial infarc‑ model rats. Furthermore, tetrandrine significantly inhibited tion + low‑dose tetrandrine group (10 mg/kg); v) myocardial myocardial cell apoptosis in rats with myocardial infarction. infarction + medium‑dose tetrandrine group (50 mg/kg); Tetrandrine significantly inhibited the levels of TG, TC and and vi) myocardial infarction + high‑dose tetrandrine group LDL and increased the levels of HDL in the arterial blood of (80 mg/kg). Left ventricular end‑diastolic diameter (LVIDd), rats with myocardial infarction. These findings revealed that left ventricular end‑systolic diameter (LVIDs), ejection frac‑ tetrandrine could attenuate left ventricular dysfunction in rats tion (EF%) and left ventricular fractional shortening rate (FS%) with myocardial infarction, which might be associated with were measured using ultrasonography.
    [Show full text]
  • Specifications of Approved Drug Compound Library
    Annexure-I : Specifications of Approved drug compound library The compounds should be structurally diverse, medicinally active, and cell permeable Compounds should have rich documentation with structure, Target, Activity and IC50 should be known Compounds which are supplied should have been validated by NMR and HPLC to ensure high purity Each compound should be supplied as 10mM solution in DMSO and at least 100µl of each compound should be supplied. Compounds should be supplied in screw capped vial arranged as 96 well plate format.
    [Show full text]
  • Spilanthes Acmella and Its Medicinal Uses – a Review
    Online - 2455-3891 Vol 11, Issue 6, 2018 Print - 0974-2441 Review Article SPILANTHES ACMELLA AND ITS MEDICINAL USES – A REVIEW YASODHA PURUSHOTHAMAN1, SILAMBARASAN GUNASEELAN1, SUDARSHANA DEEPA VIJAYAKUMAR2* 1Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Department of Biotechnology, Nano- Biotranslational Research Laboratory, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: sudarshanadeepav@ bitsathy.ac.in Received: 10 January 2018, Revised and Accepted: 05 March 2018 ABSTRACT In common plant life has been recognized to alleviate various diseases. Spilanthes acmella- a vital native medicinal plant is also found in subcontinent of the united states of America. A range of abstracts and active metabolites from different parts of this plant had been found to contain valuable pharmacological activities. Conventionally recognized as toothache plant, it was known to suppress the ailment allied with toothaches and also found to stimulate saliva secretion. On survey of literature, it has been projected that it has numerous drug-related actions, which comprises of antimicrobial, antipyretic, local anesthetic, bioinsecticide against insects of agricultural importance, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, vasorelaxant, anti-human immune deficit virus, toothache relief and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on the traditional claims against a range of diseases, researchers have classified and estimated plants for their bioactive compounds. However, researchers found it to be a difficult task for the extraction of bioactive constituents from these plants. Therefore, the scientific information about S. acmella could be obtained from this current review. Keywords: Spilanthes acmella, Toothache plant, Antifungal, Antipyretic, Local anesthetic, Bioinsecticide, Antioxidant, Analgesic, Antimicrobial, Vasorelaxant, Anti-inflammatory effects. © 2018 The Authors.
    [Show full text]
  • NINDS Custom Collection II
    ACACETIN ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ACECLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ACEMETACIN ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAMINOSALOL ACETANILIDE ACETARSOL ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACID ACETRIAZOIC ACID ACETYL TYROSINE ETHYL ESTER ACETYLCARNITINE ACETYLCHOLINE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE ACETYLGLUTAMIC ACID ACETYL-L-LEUCINE ACETYLPHENYLALANINE ACETYLSEROTONIN ACETYLTRYPTOPHAN ACEXAMIC ACID ACIVICIN ACLACINOMYCIN A1 ACONITINE ACRIFLAVINIUM HYDROCHLORIDE ACRISORCIN ACTINONIN ACYCLOVIR ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE ADENOSINE ADRENALINE BITARTRATE AESCULIN AJMALINE AKLAVINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALANYL-dl-LEUCINE ALANYL-dl-PHENYLALANINE ALAPROCLATE ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALLANTOIN ALLOPURINOL ALMOTRIPTAN ALOIN ALPRENOLOL ALTRETAMINE ALVERINE CITRATE AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AMCINONIDE AMIKACIN SULFATE AMILORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-AMINOBENZAMIDE gamma-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID AMINOCAPROIC ACID N- (2-AMINOETHYL)-4-CHLOROBENZAMIDE (RO-16-6491) AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOHIPPURIC ACID AMINOHYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOPHENAZONE 3-AMINOPROPANESULPHONIC ACID AMINOPYRIDINE 9-AMINO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOTHIAZOLE AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE AMIPRILOSE AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AMODIAQUINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AMOXEPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPICILLIN SODIUM AMPROLIUM AMRINONE AMYGDALIN ANABASAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANABASINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANDROSTERONE SODIUM SULFATE ANIRACETAM ANISINDIONE ANISODAMINE ANISOMYCIN ANTAZOLINE PHOSPHATE ANTHRALIN ANTIMYCIN A (A1 shown) ANTIPYRINE APHYLLIC
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Neuropharmacology of Gelsemium Sempervirens: Recent Advances and Debated Issues
    Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine xxx (2017) 1e6 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine journal homepage: http://elsevier.com/locate/jaim Short Review Experimental neuropharmacology of Gelsemium sempervirens: Recent advances and debated issues * Paolo Bellavite , Clara Bonafini, Marta Marzotto Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy article info abstract Article history: Gelsemium sempervirens L. (Gelsemium) is traditionally used for its anxiolytic-like properties and its ac- Received 23 December 2016 tion mechanism in laboratory models are under scrutiny. Evidence from rodent models was reported Received in revised form suggesting the existence of a high sensitivity of central nervous system to anxiolytic power of Gelsemium 19 January 2017 extracts and Homeopathic dilutions. In vitro investigation of extremely low doses of this plant extract Accepted 27 January 2017 showed a modulation of gene expression of human neurocytes. These studies were criticized in a few Available online xxx commentaries, generated a debate in literature and were followed by further experimental studies from various laboratories. Toxic doses of Gelsemium cause neurological signs characterized by marked Keywords: Gelsemium sempervirens weakness and convulsions, while ultra-low doses or high Homeopathic dilutions counteract seizures Anxiety induced by lithium and pilocarpine, decrease anxiety after stress and increases the anti-stress allo- Neurocytes pregnanolone hormone, through glycine receptors. Low (non-Homeopathic) doses of this plant or its Animal models alkaloids decrease neuropathic pain and c-Fos expression in mice brain and oxidative stress. Due to the Homeopathic medicine complexity of the matter, several aspects deserve interpretation and the main controversial topics, with a Behavior focus on the issues of high dilution pharmacology, are discussed and clarified.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Vines for Southern Arizona Peter L
    COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION AZ1606 October 2013 LANDSCAPE VINES FOR SOUTHERN ARIZONA Peter L. Warren The reasons for using vines in the landscape are many and be tied with plastic tape or plastic covered wire. For heavy vines, varied. First of all, southern Arizona’s bright sunshine and use galvanized wire run through a short section of garden hose warm temperatures make them a practical means of climate to protect the stem. control. Climbing over an arbor, vines give quick shade for If a vine is to be grown against a wall that may someday need patios and other outdoor living spaces. Planted beside a house painting or repairs, the vine should be trained on a hinged trellis. wall or window, vines offer a curtain of greenery, keeping Secure the trellis at the top so that it can be detached and laid temperatures cooler inside. In exposed situations vines provide down and then tilted back into place after the work is completed. wind protection and reduce dust, sun glare, and reflected heat. Leave a space of several inches between the trellis and the wall. Vines add a vertical dimension to the desert landscape that is difficult to achieve with any other kind of plant. Vines can Self-climbing Vines – Masonry serve as a narrow space divider, a barrier, or a privacy screen. Some vines attach themselves to rough surfaces such as brick, Some vines also make good ground covers for steep banks, concrete, and stone by means of aerial rootlets or tendrils tipped driveway cuts, and planting beds too narrow for shrubs.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Targeting the Envelope Protein of SARS-Cov-2: the Screening for Inhibitors in Approved Drugs
    Pharmaceutical Targeting the Envelope Protein of SARS-CoV-2: the Screening for Inhibitors in Approved Drugs Anatoly Chernyshev XR Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Cambridge, New Zealand email: [email protected] Abstract An essential overview of the biological role of coronavirus viroporin (envelope protein) is given, together with the effect of its known inhibitors on the life cycle of coronavirus. A docking study is conducted using a set of known drugs approved worldwide (ca. 6000 compounds) on a structure of the SARS-CoV-2 viroporin modelled from the published NMR-resolved structures. The screening has identified 36 promising drugs currently on the market, which could be proposed for pre-clinical trials. Introduction Viral ion channels (viroporins) are known since at least 1992, when the M2 channel of influenza A virus has been discovered. These ion channels exist in a form of homotetra- (e.g. the M2 channel) or homopentamers (e.g. coronavirus E channel); each subunit is 50–120 aminoacids long and has at least one transmembrane domain (TMD). The pore formed by the transmembrane domains of the oligomer acts as an ion channel. It is speculated that viroporins initiate a leakage in host cell membranes, which alters the tans-membrane potential and serves as a marker of viral infection [1]. SARS coronaviruses were found to have at least three types of ion channels: E and 8a (both with single TMD, forming pentameric assemblies), and 3a with three TMD [2, 3]. Both proteins E and 3a possess PDZ domain- binding motif (PBM). In the protein E it is the last four aminoacids in the C-terminus (DLLV, Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Efecto Antibacteriano Del Extracto Acuoso De Acmella Repens Sobre Streptococcus Mutans, Estudio in Vitro / Antibacterial Effect
    ODOUS CIENTIFICA ODOUS CIENTÍFICA Vol. 20 No. 2, Julio - Diciembre 2019 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Online ISSN: 2665-0193 - Print ISSN: 1315-2823 Efecto antibacteriano del extracto acuoso de Acmella repens sobre Streptococcus mutans, estudio in vitro Antibacterial effect of aqueous extract of Acmella repens on Streptococcus mutans, in vitro study Mejía Caguasango Amparo1, Sotelo Garzón Esteban2, Montaño Tatés Victor2, Soler Carvajal Fabio3, Tenorio Peñafiel Pablo1, Armas Vega Ana4 1Odontóloga, Universidad Central del Ecuador. 2Odontólogo, Universidad UTE. 3Microbiólogo y Bioanalista, Universidad Industrial Santander. 4PhD en Operatoria dental, Docente Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador. [email protected] Recibido: 16/11/2018 Aceptado: 20/03/2019 _____________________________________________________________________________________ Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto antibacteriano del extracto acuoso de Botoncillo (Acmella repens) en concentraciones del 15%, 25% y 50% v/v sobre Streptococcus mutans. Se usaron 15 cajas petri con agar sangre de cordero, se inoculó S. mutans y se colocaron discos filtro con diferentes concentraciones del extracto acuoso de Acmella repens al 15%, 25% y 50%, como sustancias de control Clorhexidina al 0,12% y suero fisiológico, tras 5 días de incubación se midieron empleando una regla milimétrica, los halos de inhibición, formados alrededor de los respectivos discos. Como resultado se obtuvo que el extracto de Botoncillo al 50% mostró diferencias significativas en comparación con las concentraciones al 15% y 25% (p<0,001), sin embargo, al comparar el extracto de Botoncillo al 50% con la Clorhexidina al 0,12%, se observaron valores de inhibición más altos para la Clorhexidina al 0,12%. Se concluye que el extracto acuso de Botoncillo presento un efecto antibacteriano sobre S.
    [Show full text]
  • Acmella Oleracea Extract for Oral Mucosa Topical Anesthesia
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Development and Evaluation of a Novel Mucoadhesive Film Containing Acmella oleracea Extract for Oral Mucosa Topical Anesthesia Verônica Santana de Freitas-Blanco1,2, Michelle Franz-Montan1, Francisco Carlos Groppo1, João Ernesto de Carvalho1,2,3, Glyn Mara Figueira2, Luciano Serpe1, Ilza Maria Oliveira Sousa2, Viviane Aparecida Guilherme Damasio4, Lais Thiemi Yamane2, 4 1,2 a11111 Eneida de Paula , Rodney Alexandre Ferreira Rodrigues * 1 Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil, 2 Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas, Paulinia, Brazil, 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, 4 Departmentof Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Santana de Freitas-Blanco V, Franz- Montan M, Groppo FC, de Carvalho JE, Figueira GM, Abstract Serpe L, et al. (2016) Development and Evaluation of a Novel Mucoadhesive Film Containing Acmella oleracea Extract for Oral Mucosa Topical Anesthesia. Purpose PLoS ONE 11(9): e0162850. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0162850 To develop an anesthetic mucoadhesive film containing Acmella oleracea (jambu) extract for topical use on oral mucosa. Editor: Charlene S. Dezzutti, University of Pittsburgh, UNITED STATES Received: April 12, 2016 Methods Accepted: August 28, 2016 Ethanolic extracts from aerial parts of jambu were prepared by maceration. Pigment Published: September 14, 2016 removal was obtained by adsorption with activated carbon. Three mucoadhesive films were developed using a film casting method: 10 or 20% of crude jambu extract (10% JB and 20% Copyright: © 2016 Santana de Freitas-Blanco et al. This is an open access article distributed under the JB), and 10% of crude jambu extract treated with activated carbon (10% JBC).
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Spilanthes Acmella and Its Health Beneficial Effects
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Spilanthes acmella and Its Health Beneficial Effects: A Review Rohanizah Abdul Rahim 1,2, Putri Ayu Jayusman 1 , Norliza Muhammad 1, Norazlina Mohamed 1 , Vuanghao Lim 2 , Nor Hazwani Ahmad 2 , Sharlina Mohamad 2 , Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid 3 , Fairus Ahmad 4, Norfilza Mokhtar 5, Ahmad Nazrun Shuid 6 and Isa Naina Mohamed 1,* 1 Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; [email protected] (R.A.R.); [email protected] (P.A.J.); [email protected] (N.M.); [email protected] (N.M.) 2 Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia; [email protected] (V.L.); [email protected] (N.H.A.); [email protected] (S.M.) 3 School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, NibongTebal 14300, Malaysia; [email protected] 4 Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; [email protected] 5 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; norfi[email protected] 6 Faculty of Medicine UiTM, Sg Buloh 47000, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-3-914-58677; Fax: +60-3-914-59545 Citation: Abdul Rahim, R.; Jayusman, P.A.; Muhammad, N.; Abstract: Oxidative stress and inflammation are two common risk factors of various life-threatening Mohamed, N.; Lim, V.; Ahmad, N.H.; disease pathogenesis. In recent years, medicinal plants that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory Mohamad, S.; Abdul Hamid, Z.A.; activities were extensively studied for their potential role in treating and preventing diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Value of Domiciliary Ornamental Plants of the Asteraceae Family
    J Young Pharm, 2020; 12(1) : 3-10. A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacy Review Article www.jyoungpharm.org | www.phcog.net Medicinal Value of Domiciliary Ornamental Plants of the Asteraceae Family Ishan Saini1, Jyoti Chauhan1, Prashant Kaushik2,3,* 1Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana, INDIA. 2Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, SPAIN. 3Nagano University, 1088 Komaki, Ueda, Nagano, JAPAN. ABSTRACT Gardens are unaccomplished without the showy, pricey investments of or- tivities of these plants, we hope that this review will bring awareness for namental plants. Ornamental plants, especially the flowering plants, have their alternative use. a significant impact on human life. They offer fresh air to the surroundings Key words: Edible flowers, Medicinal ornamental plants, Floriculture, Hor- and release the negativity from the environment. Ornamental plants in- ticulture, Alkaloids, Essential oil. trigued humans with their alluring odour and unique. Besides this, many Correspondence ornamental plants have other economic uses other than just decoration or Dr. Kaushik Prashant2,3 traditional customs which has been discussed. Many plants are edible and used in several kinds of beverages as medicinal values. Important domicili- 2Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat ary plants that belong to Asteraceae with both ornamental and therapeutic Politècnica de València-46022, Valencia, SPAIN. 3 benefits are reviewed in this paper, namely,Calendula, Echinacea, Achillea, Nagano University, 1088 Komaki, Ueda, Nagano 386-0031, JAPAN. Acmella and Tanacetum. These plants possess a high nutritive value and Email: [email protected] can be cooked or consumed as salads.
    [Show full text]
  • A Machine Learning Approach to Drug Repositioning Based on Drug Expression Profiles: Applications to Schizophrenia and Depression/Anxiety Disorders
    A machine learning approach to drug repositioning based on drug expression profiles: Applications to schizophrenia and depression/anxiety disorders Kai Zhao1 and Hon-Cheong So*1,2 1School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 2KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Zoology Institute of Zoology and The Chinese University of Hong Kong Corresponding author: Hon-Cheong So. Email: [email protected] Abstract Development of new medications is a very lengthy and costly process. Finding novel indications for existing drugs, or drug repositioning, can serve as a useful strategy to shorten the development cycle. In this study, we present an approach to drug discovery or repositioning by predicting indication for a particular disease based on expression profiles of drugs, with a focus on applications in psychiatry. Drugs that are not originally indicated for the disease but with high predicted probabilities serve as good candidates for repurposing. This framework is widely applicable to any chemicals or drugs with expression profiles measured, even if the drug targets are unknown. It is also highly flexible as virtually any supervised learning algorithms can be used. We applied this approach to identify repositioning opportunities for schizophrenia as well as depression and anxiety disorders. We applied various state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) approaches for prediction, including deep neural networks, support vector machines (SVM), elastic net, random forest and gradient boosted machines. The performance of the five approaches did not differ substantially, with SVM slightly outperformed the others. However, methods with lower predictive accuracy can still reveal literature-supported candidates that are of different mechanisms of actions.
    [Show full text]