Information to Users

INFORMATION TO USERS This manusaipt has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly hom the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while othen may be from any type of cornputer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon aie quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, coloreci or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and irnproper alignment can adversely affed reproducüon. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and them are missing pages, these will be noted. Also. if u~uthorizedcopyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Ovenke materials (e.g., rnaps, drawings. charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and wntinuing from left to right in eqwl sections with small overlaps. Photographs induded in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographie prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly îo order. Bell & Hawell Information and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 481061346 USA NOTE TO USERS Page(s) not included in the original manuscript are unavailable from the author or university. The manuscript was microfilmed as received. vi - vii This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI Planning Amidst DDiversity: The Challenges of Multiculturalism in Urban and Suburban Greater Toronto Marcia Wdace A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fdfiiixnent of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plaxlning Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 1999 O Marcia Wal'face 1999 National Libmry Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Senrices services bibliographiques 395 Wdlinqton Street 395, nie Wellington OttawaON K1AON4 OnawaON K1AON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distriiuer ou copies of this thesis in rnicroform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts îkom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author' s ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. The University of Waterloo requires the signatures of al1 persons using or photocopying this thesis. Please sign below, and give address and date. Phnning Amidst Divenity: The ChaiIenges of Multiculhiralism in Urban and Suburban Greater Toronto This dissertation explores the varied ways in which demographic changes from immigration are chdenging traditional planning practice in Canada. The research is tied together around three themes: diversity, planning and citizenship. These themes provide the means to examine the impact of ethnodtural diversity on participation and belonging as seen through local decision makuig. Focusing on the experience of the Toronto area, the redevelopment of George Brown Coliege in the urban cornmunity of Kensington, and the developmeat of retail condominiums (or Asian malls) in the suburban community of Markhm are used as case studies. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis was completed with the financial assistance of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), through a Doctoral Fellowship (no. 752-97-1047). 1 would like to thank my comMnee of Bob Murdie, Tmdi Bunting, Pierre Filion and Beth Moore Milroy for their assistance throughout the writing of this thesis. Their constant support and critical input aiways encouraged me to stretch. 1 would especidy like to thank Beth Moore Milroy, for without her confidence in my abilities and the value of this research area when 1 firsî arrivecl, this thesis would never have been attempted. As always 1 am indebted to my parents for instilluig in me a desire to reach. And for times when the task seemed too daunhg 1 thenk Ted, who never failed to be my support, my cheerleader, my fiiend. NOTE TO USERS Page@) not included in the original manuscript are unavailable from the author or university. The manuscript was microfilmed as received. This reproduction is the best copy available. Tempering Cornmunitarian Idealism: Examining Tolerance ...................................... 194 Multicufturd Planning? ................................................................................................ 196 CHAPTER NINE: Multicultural Planning and Citizeaship .... .. ............................. 204 Canada's Urban unmigration: The Themes of This Dissertation ................................... 204 Diversiîy .................................................................................................................. 205 Planning .................................................................................................................. 207 Citizenship ...............................................................................................................209 Multidtural Planning and Citizenship ......................................................................... 213 Planning Amidst Diversity ......................................................-.................................216 Future Directions for Research ....................................................................................219 APPENDIX A: INTERVIEW PARTICIPANTS ..................................................... 223 BlBLIOGRAPEY .....................................................................................................226 ]LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Percentage of Immigrant Population in Selected Canadian Cities (CMAs). 1996 ...... 2 1.2 Immigrant Population by Penod of Immigration, Toronto Cm1996 ..................... 5 3 . 1 1996-2000 Immigration Plan, Planned Percentages ............................................... 61 4.1 Lmmigrant Population by Period of Immigration, Kensington, 1996 ........................ 75 4.2 Language Spoken at Home, Kensington, 1996 ....................................................... 77 4.3 Population by Household Incorne. Kensington, 1996 ............................................. 79 4.4 Population (15 years and over) by Highest Level of Schooling, Kensington, 1996 .............................................................................................. 79 6.1 Immigrant Population by Penod of Immigration, Markham, 1996 ........................ 131 6.2 Language Spoken at Home, Markham, 1996........................................................ 133 6.3 Population by Household Incorne. Markham, 1996 .............................................. 134 6.4 Population (1 5 years and over) by Highest Level of Schoohg, Markham, 1996 ................................................................................................ 135 6.5 Pacific Mail, Floor Plan: Markbarn's First Retd Condominium Development .............................................................................139 9.1 Community Influence over Local Decision-making: Kensington and Markham Case Studies ......................................................... 212 LIST OF TABLES 1.1 Top 10 Places of Birth for Total Immigrants and Rezent Immigrants. Toronto CM& 1996 ........................................................................................... 5 3.1 Timeliie of Important Dates in Canadian Immigration Policy ................................. 48 3.2 Structure of Canadian Immigration, Entrance Classes and Categories ..................... 61 4.1 Top 10 Places of Birth for Total Immigrants and Recent Immigrants. Kensington, 1996 ............................................................................................. 76 6.1 Top 10 Places of Birth for Total Immigrants and Recent Immigrants. Markham, 1996 ............................................................................................... 131 8.1 Participation in Public Decision-making ............................................................ 183 8.2 Democratic Equaliîy ............................................................................................ 187 8.3 Social Structures and Associations....................................................................... 190 8.4 Solidarity and Tolerance ...................................................................................... 195 LIST OF MAPS Locathg the Case Shidies: Markham and Toronto ................................................. 10 New City of Toronto in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA)...................................... 59 Kensington in the former City of Toronto .............................................................. 70 Kaisingîon ........................................................................................................... 71 The George Brown ColIege Site. 1995 .................................................................. 81 Kensington, Recommended OflEicial Plan, 1978 .....................................................

Load more