In a town-meeting, the great secret of political science was uncovered, and the problem solved, how to give every individual his fair weight in the government, without any disorder from numbers. In a town-meeting, the roots of society were reached. Here the rich gave counsel, but the poor also; and moreover, the just and the unjust.—RALPH W ALDO EMERSON
Vol. II No. 20 • Issue No. 45 Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts April 27–May 10, 2006 $1.00 Mohawk district faces budget cuts of $275,000 Increase in state aid ‘may buy a year’ to study school closings more carefully
By Don Stewart creases, the district was facing don@sfi ndependent.net cuts of $482,000 in order to trim ——— the budget to an overall increase BUCKLAND—Just two hours of four percent in operating costs. before the monthly school com- School offi cials are now consider- mittee meeting on April 12, ing how to carve $275,000 from Mohawk Trail Regional School next year’s expenditures. District (MTRSD) officials re- Buoniconti said that he didn’t ceived upbeat news regarding the anticipate more funding from the state’s proposed FY07 education state senate when it votes fi nal budget. approval. Superintendent Michael Buo- “I’m not expecting anything niconti told committee members dramatic,” he said. “I’m really that the House Ways and Means happy, frankly, with what I’m Committee had increased state seeing here.” Chapter 70 educational funding In earlier remarks, the Super- to the district by $98,705, while intendent explained that the providing an additional $108,557 $19.3 million “status quo” bud- in busing reimbursement money. get, which would have required A later vote in the state senate overrides in several towns, has will confi rm the fi gures. been abandoned. When it was “It’s more revenue than we had proposed, town offi cials through- a few days ago,” Buoniconti said, out the district expressed strong “so this is good news.” disapproval of a fi nancial picture Previous to these revenue in- which would have increased op- SFI photo/Jeff Potter erating costs by approximately Susan Todd stands in the Heath Elementary School, where she has served as principal since 2001. $1 million. “After much conversation, the likelihood of passing that budget, Annual I’d say is slim to none,” he said. The community speaks Classrooms without walls In late March Buoniconti con- Town vened four “public forums” with parents and concerned residents Heath principal Susan Todd heads toward retirement, at the four district elementary Meetings, schools. The purpose was to con- vey the harsh fi nancial realities leaving a legacy of education and community engagement the district is facing—declining Elections state aid and, over the past three By Don Stewart during a recent interview at writers who would be the envy composed and edited by Colrain years, a jump in local fi nancing don@sfi ndependent.net the Colonial era farmhouse of Oprah’s booking agent. resident Judith Maloney. As part of the Independent’s of “above minimum contribution” ——— where she and her husband, Pulitzer Prize–winning author Todd said that she’d been launch of its long-awaited new costs that have spiraled from ASHFIELD—This September, Richard, live. “But I felt that at Tracy Kidder (The Soul of a New inspired by a biography about Web site, coverage of West Coun- $195,000 to $2.7 million. following more than 20 years whatever age you are, you can Machine and House) spoke to 19th century essayist and jour- ty’s annual town meetings and This is coupled to an annual of work in secondary school start teaching. So the challenges classes and was encouraged by nalist George William Cur- elections will be available at bus transportation bill of $1.34 education, Ashfield resident are every bit as present then as both Todd and Sandy Warren, a tis, one of Ashfield’s cultural www.sfindependent.net after Satur- million, which, despite a legal ob- Susan Todd will be retiring. they are when you’re just out of Northampton school principal, infl uences. day, April 29. ligation, is only partially funded For the past five years she’s school.” to write the 1990 book Among “He recalled when Ralph A good deal of town warrant with a $750,000 check from the been principal at the Heath Schoolchildren. Fragments from Waldo Emerson came into his information was still under dis- state. Elementary School. Previous to Emerson’s infl uence his Colrain visit can be found class when he was in elementary cussion at press time. Shadowing these financial that appointment she taught at As a Boston resident in the within its pages. And Newbery school,” she said. “It made me “We’re excited about the pos- spikes is a substantial decline Colrain Central from the mid- late 1970s, while her husband Award winner Pat McLaughlin, think, the best people should sibilities of getting beyond the in student population which, 1980s until 2001. worked as an editor for The best known for her book Sarah, come into the public schools. I limits of publishing on paper district-wide, may fall to 1,000 Before beginning a teaching Atlantic Monthly, Todd became Plain and Tall, visited the school kept thinking: if people would every other week,” Editor Jeff pupils within fi ve years. Several career in Colrain, she’d been a a founding editor of Parents’ twice. At a time when Colrain come in, it would be an impor- Potter noted. schools are operating at from 50- reviewer and editor, a house- Choice magazine, a tabloid- was celebrating its 225th Anni- tant thing.” Subscribers will be able to ac- 60 percent capacity. Buoniconti wife and mother to three girls. sized publication that reviewed versary, National Public Radio “She was an excellent teach- cess the site at no charge. Those has suggested that the annual The transition to a chalkboard children’s media. Drawing from reporter Tom Looker taught er,” Colrain Central Principal who have bought this issue may budget could be stabilized to a classroom was dramatic. her acquaintances in the cre- students how to interview the Jackie Daley recalled recently. access the additional information more predictable growth rate if “I was in my early 40s when ative fields, Colrain students town’s residents. Those inter- “Very empathetic, very struc- by following the information in one or two elementary schools I started teaching,” Todd said were soon meeting with A-list views were compiled into a book continued on page 6 the box on page 2. continued on page 6
ON THE West County citizens to be recognized MEND Naomi Clark, paralized last year from a spinal cord injury • GCC to honor Colrain poet Purington sustained in an ATV accident, is seeing improvement from By Laura Rodley able, and the amount of syllables Pond, Ribbons, American Tanka, her rehabilitation in Arizona. laura@sfi ndependent.net per line to vary. The Christian Science Monitor, See story, page 2. ——— While a poem is a distillation Lynx, Poetry in the Light and The COLRAIN—Local poet Carol of an experience or feeling, Seasons. Purington will be given the Dis- haiku carries it even further, to She has also published books tinguished Alumnus Award by be a breath of the essence of a of her haiku with illustrations Greenfi eld Community College feeling, or experience. Reading drawn by her sister-in-law, Steph- on April 30. a haiku is rather like getting a anie Purington. Carol Purington, who attended whiff of the emerging fragrance “Yesterday, I counted eight the school from 1970–1973, is of a new lilac blossom or sweet books, two of which are prose,” well known for her peaceful pea blossoms, or the elusive fra- said Purington. Her books in- pastoral haiku, a Japanese verse grance of a pansy. To write haiku clude A Pattern For This Place, form with three unrhymed lines is very diffi cult, and Purington Family Farm, The Trees Breathe of fi ve, seven and fi ve syllables has mastered the form. Sweetness, and The Seasons Where respectively. Currently the exact More than 100 of her haiku The Sap Runs. Her most recent number of syllables is blurred, al- have been published in jour- book is Where the School House lowing 11 syllables to be accept- nals such as Modern Haiku, Frog continued on page 12
SHELBURNE FALLS INDEPENDENT PRSRT STD 8 Deerfi eld Ave., Shelburne Falls, MA 01370 US POSTAGE • World traveller has spirit of adventure PAID www.sfi ndependent.net Permit #183 By Laura Rodley George Needham Business Award and discovered a rare species of ——— Turners Falls, MA laura@sfi ndependent.net will be awarded to the Warfi eld rock that is now displayed in the Address service requested ——— House in Charlemont for contin- Smithsonian.” SHELBURNE FALLS—Carolyn ued support of local education. “More than anyone else I know, Taylor of Shelburne has been cho- A special award will be awarded Carolyn exhibits the true spirit sen for the Jim Boulger Spirit of to Gerhard Stebich of Plainfi eld, of adventure,” said Mary Lyon Adventure Award from the Mary an active school committee mem- Director Susan Samoriski. “She Lyon Foundation. ber, for many years of service to keeps us riveted with her e-mails The presentation will be at the education of youth in the of her travels.” the annual spring Lyonnaise on community. Taylor has just returned from a Saturday, May 13, at 7 p.m. at the As a former member of the trip to Central America that she Warfi eld House in Charlemont. Mary Lyon board of directors, started on in January. The honor includes a plaque and Taylor is well acquainted with “I go to study Spanish,” said $100. the award. Taylor. “This year my goal was to Two other awards will also be “Jim Boulger was on the do the past tense. Next year my presented. The Mohawk Out- board,” she said. “ As his hobby, goal is to do pronouns. I don’t standing Alumni Award will be he used to travel. He went to very have a chance to speak the lan- awarded posthumously to Tanja different, off-the-map places. guage when I get home. I go two Davin, MD, class of 1989. The Once he climbed some mountain continued on page 12 DATED MATERIAL — PLEASE DELIVER PROMPTLY page 2 • Shelburne Falls Independent • April 27–May 10, 2006 • www.sfindependent.net Taking steps to recover from accident — literally ON THE WEB SITE If you purchased this newspa- Naomi Clark, paralyzed by four-wheeler accident, makes progress at facility in Arizona per and wish to access our new Web site (available Saturday, By Laura Rodley it’s purely with my abs.” legs through all the range of April 29), use this code: laura@sfi ndependent.net With her forearms supported motions. e-mail: [email protected] ——— by the platform, Clark has pro- “Otherwise, I will grow bone in password: daffodil ASHFIELD—While riding a gressed from six steps on March my knee and hip, and they will be If you buy the paper at a store, four-wheeler in her family’s or- 31 to “the most I’ve ever done, seized, won’t move,” she said. look here each week for this code chard last summer, Naomi Clark [which] is two loops around the At the end of her workouts, so you can enjoy the additional sustained an injury that badly gym. One loop, I sit down and she has the stim-box applied to material we’re gearing up to pres- bruised her spinal cord, broke rest.” And then she begins again. reduce pain and relax her hard- ent online. two vertebrae, crushed one ver- “If my spasms are active, they worked muscles. If you’re a subscriber who tebra, broke four ribs, and left mess with me,” and she can’t Clark is steeped in the lan- would like to access the newspa- her unable to walk. complete the loop. guage of her therapy. She drives per online, follow the instructions The accident left the 21-year- The muscle spasms are very herself to the Institute, takes on the Web site, www.sfindependent. old Clark a paraplegic with use of painful. At times, the spasms showers by herself and has been net. her arms and hands but no feel- thrust her hips forward and up able to lower herself into the pool ing in her body from her shoulder her back, making her hyper-ex- where she is staying with family blades to her toes. tend her back as the spasms pull friends to swim. The dry heat of On Feb. 12 she left for The on the muscles of her back. Arizona means Clark does not Neuro Institute in Arizona where “Exercising the muscles makes experience the amount of pain Nominate a she has been working out fi ve or my legs stronger, and makes the she would experience by being six hours a day. spasms stronger,” said Clark. “I exposed to the humidity of Mas- high school student “They have therapies three am taking very little spasm medi- sachusetts. She goes shopping in hours a day. I do extra stuff on cation.” Prescribed for Clark are the nearby town. for peacemaker’s prize my own so I don’t get charged,” Baclofen and Zanafl ex. “I’m the happiest I’ve been said Clark. The Neuro Institute The spasms can cut short her since my accident,” said Clark. DEERFIELD—The Interfaith in Arizona specializes in im- exercising, and require fine- “I’m doing really good. I have Council of Franklin County and mersion therapy, where clients tuning to manage. At the same a positive attitude. I appreci- Traprock Peace Center are co- receive three to fi ve hours a day time, the severity of the spasms ate the support. My next goal sponsoring the Annual Peace- of physical therapy and occupa- means that her muscle mass is is making more progress. There maker’s Prize for which nomina- tional therapy, along with cogni- increasing. is no other place like this. The tions are open. In April, mail tive retraining. “I’m progressing faster because people are great. It’s like a family. a one-page (not longer) letter The work at The Neuro Institute I was so prepared,” said Clark, My mom is coming tomorrow to describing the problem solving, reteaches the spinal cord to con- who had been working out with visit. I can’t wait.” conflict resolution, peace and nect, or listen, to messages from her trainer, Robert Uguccione, justice work or other worthy the lower body. Equipment there before going to Arizona. Tax-deductible donations can initiatives of a Franklin County includes more than $100,000 of “Yesterday was extremely be sent to the Neuro Institute at high school student to exercise equipment including exciting,” she continued. “I do 1221 West Warner Road, Suite Traprock Peace Center, 103a The Galaxy FES Bike, Sci-Fit sit-ups on a bossa ball; I do the 102, Tempe, Arizona, 85284. It Keets Road, Deerfield, Mass. Pro II, Uppertone, NeuroPluse, sit-ups with an eight-pound medi- must be specified that it is to be 01342. Neuro gait trainer, and a 30-foot cine ball. I sit up and throw the put toward T-7 injuries for Clark All nominees will be recog- I-Beam walking machine. Arnie ball. Someone throws it back to receive the funds. The phone nized. Students attending high Fonseca, exercise physiologist, is to me. It’s a lot of work. Usu- number is 1-888-22-Neuro or visit school while living in Franklin owner of The Neuro Institute. It ally I do 50 sit-ups and I stop www.theneuroinstitute.com. Donations County—including in all West costs $6,000 a month to use the because I was tired, not because can also be sent to Clark’s parents County towns—are eligible. facility. It costs $120/hour for the the muscles were getting sore, at Clark, South Cemetery Road, Five $100 awards and other occupational therapists. because I can’t feel them. Yester- Submitted/Naomi Clark Ashfield, MA 01330. prizes will be awarded on Sunday, Clark is waiting to be fitted day, after 20 sit-ups, I’m getting Naomi Clark walks around the gym at the Neuro Institute in Tempe, May 7. The public is invited to for a custom-made leg brace on feeling in my abs. It happened Ariz. with the help of physical therapist Renae Popkin. “come and be inspired” at the April 27 that will help her walk overnight.” ceremony, 7 p.m. at Greenfi eld with the aid of a walker, which When working with the abs, a recover as much as possible. “It you turn it up, it makes the High School. To fi nd out if you she has been using. person who doesn’t have a spinal Clark has used the stim-bike, legs work at a lower voltage, it Preschool applications should bring a pot luck dish call “I have a walker platform that cord injury would “feel the burn or FES bike, two or three times loosens the muscles up and takes (413) 773-7427. cradles my forearms,” Clark said. almost immediately.” This recov- a week, and has ridden on it 70 way pain from the tight muscles,” available “I have braces on my legs that ery of feeling likely means that minutes while watching a movie, said Clark. The stim-box is ap- immobilize my knees. I shift my at some level, her spinal cord has pushing for three minutes, and plied to her quads, hamstrings SHELBURNE FALLS—The left leg, which unweights the op- recovered its ability to transfer resting for two. FES stands for and back. Her exercise program Buckland-Shelburne Elementary Mohawk panel meets posite leg, do a crunch with my messages from the muscles to the functional electrical stimulation, includes exercise and stretches to School Preschool is accepting abs, and thrust the hip forward. brain. Extremely encouraging, it where electrodes send a current correct and arrest the scoliosis as applications for the 2006-2007 BUCKLAND—The Mohawk The crunch automatically swings is why Clark went to The Neuro to the muscles of the legs, quad- much as possible. school year beginning in the Trail Regional School District your legs forward. It’s not walk- Institute, to do whatever she can riceps and gluteus by bypassing She works with three people, fall. This full-day program for Committee will meet Wednesday, ing the way people think. I don’t to walk again, and to help her the injury to strengthen the Renae Popken, Jim Cole and 15 children from Buckland and April 26 at the school in rooms have muscle control of my legs, spinal cord relearn messages and muscles. Chris Scott, as well as Fonseca. Shelburne runs from 8:45 a.m.–3 175-177 at 7 p.m. Clark has worked with the “One of the therapists is go- p.m.at the Buckland-Shelburne stim-box, which “hooks me up to ing to make me this suit, similar Elementary School at 75 Me- electrodes set in a series of fi ve to a swimsuit, that I can put on, chanic St. Melanie’s Law different programs so my legs go with electric stim pads on the Children need to be at least 3 straight, and then tuck towards upper back, four on the upper years old. Enrollment is limited Hawlemont meets It’s More Than a Drunk Driving Law my body. It works out my legs.” back—two high up on the shoul- and determined by la lottery. Before her arrival at The Neuro der blades, two lower on the Tuition is a sliding fee scale. CHARLEMONT—The Hawle- Institute, Clark had developed shoulder blades—and one lower This program is funded by mont Regional School District Allowing an unlicensed person to scoliosis due to not having much on the shoulder blacks, and one tuition and by a grant from the Committee will meet Thurday, operate a vehicle owned by you muscle strength in her lower just on my left side of my lower Massachusetts Community Part- April 27 at 7 p.m. in the school’s is also punishable by this law. To back to hold her spine correctly. back,” Clark said. nership for Children. Applica- library/media center. Her left hip has sunk lower than Currently, someone else ap- tions are available at the school learn more, visit our web site: the right. To reduce the result- plies the pain-reducing pads of beginning April 24 and are due www.MassOneInsurance.com ing back pain and extreme pain the stim-box against her skin. by May 12. Families will be noti- produced by the spasms, one of “I can put on the suit, and I’m fi ed of acceptance by May 26. the physical therapists applies good to go,” said Clark. Pre-town meeting savvy an “electric stim” which “ is the She does upper body work- exact same thing as the stim-box, outs as well and stretches be- BUCKLAND—Town Moderator at lower voltage. fore her workouts, putting her Phoebe Walker invites residents to meet on Friday, April 28 from dvtupn!mfbuifs!tboebmt 6-8 p.m. at Town Hall to hear pre- sentations by sponsors of some of the larger issues on the warrant J H SHERBURNE for votes at annual town meeting F I N E A R T on Wednesday, May 3. PORTRAITS Those issues warrant articles &F R A M I N G include creating a wood smoke KEYSTONE pollution committee, chang- • Beautiful • ing the Mohawk Trail Regional MARKET School District’s agreement • Unique • among member towns, setting the • Affordable • pay rate for police private detail Uncommon handcrafted jewelry work, creating a local agricultural PHOTO FRAMES Monday, Tuesday & Saturday commission and approving an 7 am–6 pm Custom framing Diverse New Books operating budget for fi scal year by the Artist/Owner Wednesday, Thursday & Friday 2007. PPFA Certified Picture Framer 7 am–7 pm Objets d’Art Walker will also discuss stan- Sunday 10 am–3 pm dard procedure for the meeting. 40 State Street • Shelburne Falls “We will have a very busy Town 413.625.8306 Bridge Street • Shelburne Falls Meeting this year,” she said. “I encourage everyone to come Overlooking the Bridge of Flowers 625-8400 learn more about the issues we ANDERING will be debating.” For informa- W tion call her at 625-9883 or send OON email to bucklandmoderator@comcast. M net. Wednesday–Saturday 10:30–5 Sunday 11–4 Tuesday by chance / Closed Monday Why settle for less than the life you deserve? 59 Bridge St., Shelburne Falls (413) 625-9667 Do you desire quality health and pain-free living?
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Deme\\[h_d] "OOKKEEPING "ARNPG \h[[dkjh_j_edWb Yekdi[b_d] ,OPXJOH 8FOEZ,SJWJDLZ Æ 0XOFS 9ec[l_i_j IPXZPVSFEPJOH 4IFMCVSOF'BMMT ." CWh_W [email protected]
=[jj^[d[m K^iVb^c8VgY Æ 50.,&)0& '&lWbk[1 Watershed Association seeks help Monthly library raffl e SHELBURNE FALLS—The for North River survey project Batters up in Plainfield Friends of the Arms Library group is holding a monthly raffl e COLRAIN— The Deerfield North River, the South River, the PLAINFIELD—Plainfi eld boys will beheld SatuVrday, April 29 May through July. Six Plainfi eld featuring prizes from local artists River Watershed Association Chickley River, the Green River and girls have started practicing at 9 a.m. All youth baseball home boys are practicing with this and stores to help raise money seeks additional volunteers to and two segments of the main throwing, catching and hitting games are played at Plainfi eld team. to support library activities and conduct visual shoreline surveys stem of the Deerfi eld River. baseballs in preparation for the Town Park on North Central In addition, the Mohawk services. and record results along the The surveys will be used to upcoming baseball season. Street. League also sponsors two older The prize for May is a half-gal- North River in Colrain during create an action plan prioritizing The Recreation Committee In addition to the teams men- level teams: Mickey Mantle, for lon of maple syrup from Hager the weekend of April 29-30. both short-term and long-term will again sponsor three levels of tioned above, Ashfi eld sponsors a age 16 and Connie Mack, for age Brothers in Colrain. Widely regarded as one of work needed along these river baseball teams. Plainfi eld Little girl’s softball team for sixth grade 17-18 for youths in the Mohawk The self-service raffle is set the coldest and cleanest river segments and will be incorpo- League, which competes in the girls from both towns. Ashfi eld/ Regional School District. Josh up on a table inside the library systems in Massachusetts, the rated into a watershed-based Hilltown Bryant Little League, Plainfield Babe Ruth team for Shearer, a senior at Mohawk, is near the front door. Tickets are Deerfi eld River and its tributar- plan to reduce non-point source has a large group of 9- to 12-year- ages 13-15 has started try-outs playing on the varsity baseball $1/each or $5/six. The drawing is ies—of which the North River is pollution in the watershed. old kids who have been practic- for the team, which plays games team for the second year. on or near the last day of each one— provide habitat for numer- A volunteer training workshop ing for the past few weeks in an- in the Mohawk League from late month. ous species and attract fisher- will be held on Thursday, April ticipation of the league opening man, swimmers and paddling 27 at the Colrain Central School game scheduled for Wednesday, enthusiasts. from 6:30-8:30 p.m. Trained vol- May 3. The Bantam team for ages Although much of the water- unteers will then spend 2-3 hours 7-9 and the T-Ball team, for ages %FMJWFSJOH.PSF5IBO 1SPQBOF shed is undeveloped, non-point each during the weekend travel- 5-6, have also registered teams source pollution has degraded ing by foot along their assigned and practice is underway for portions of the Deerfi eld River stream sections. games starting in May. and its major tributaries. Pos- For information call Carrie In anticipation of the season sible sources of non-point source Banks at (413) 268-2040 or email the annual town park clean up pollution in the Deerfi eld River [email protected]. watershed include failing septic systems, storm water runoff, runoff from paved and unpaved roads and agricultural and other Voter awareness urged land use activities in close prox- imity to rivers and streams. State House visit ROWE—A citizen’s guide to Funded through an $87,700 town meetings by way of an infor- grant from the Massachusetts BUCKLAND—West County mal question and answer session Department of Environmental residents are invited to join the will be held on Tuesday, May 2 1SPQBOF Protection and conducted in group of parents and other com- following the scheduled candi- 6DIH&OHDQ(IÀFLHQW)XHOIRUKHDWLQJFRRNLQJ KRWZDWHU partnership with the Franklin Re- munity members who will travel dates’ night at 7 p.m. in the Rowe IURPDFRPSDQ\UHFRJQL]HGDVDOHDGHULQWKHLQGXVWU\ gional Council of Governments, to the State House in Boston Elementary School gymnasium. the project will assess and fi eld- to lobby for added educational Town Moderator Robert Clancy 5LFH&RPSDQLHVFRP verify potential non-point sources money on Wednesday, April 26. and the board of selectmen will 7ROO)UHH&DOO /LF of pollution in six of the major Call Phoebe Walker at 625-9883 discuss the basic procedures of sub-watersheds in the Deerfi eld or e-mail [email protected] for a town meeting and the warrant 6HUYLQJ6RXWKHUQ9HUPRQW)UDQNOLQ&RXQW\0DVVDQGPRUH River Watershed, including: the details. articles for this year. 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Progress in educa- as the building of a Junior High pils of one grade may be taught INDEPENDENT tion is more intangible. We like School. in comparison with mixed to think that we have the best grades. schools, and this is a healthy Report of Superin- Today we are a nation on attitude so long as it does not 1951 tendent of Schools wheels living in a scientifi c or lead to complacency. Philip M. Hallowell atomic age. Civilization in spite THINKING If we are to have the schools Buckland is faced with a seri- of our feeling toward change we think we have it is necessary ous [school capacity] shortage. is constantly changing; and if that we remain alert to retain Should consideration be given we are to progress, as I am sure educational practices which to the remodeling of buildings we will, we shall continue to hve been found by experience which are already obsolete and change. If we wish to witness Editorials • Commentary to be sound, and to be just as which lack suffi cient play- one of our greatest strides in ready to adopt practices which, ground facilities according to change, let us visit a modern though new to us, are proving modern theories of education? farm. The average farmer can- Letters to the Editor in current use to be superior. We build modern highways, air- not exist in our present society We are hearing on all sides ports, etc. to fi t the up-to-date farming as our forefathers did that modern schools must methods of transportation. Why ten, twenty-fi ve, or even fi fty be functional. To meet this not give our children consid- years ago. Fortunately, most of requirement school equip- eration and provide modern our citizens do not agree with INDEPENDENT THINKING SPECIAL ment, including buildings, facilities in order that they may this latter theory. playgrounds, athletic fi elds, enjoy the benefi ts of the latest Today we live in a mobile so- classrooms, and shops must recommendations in the train- ciety. A boy or girl born and at- be arranged and equipped to ing of our citizens of tomorrow. tending school in this area may meet the needs of the courses The regional planning com- live a greater part of his life in of studies to be taught, and mittee has had several meet- another area. If this is true, he the courses of study must be ings since I have been associ- must be able to compete with The roots of adapted to prepare the stu- ated with your school system. people who have had an educa- dents to be well adjusted and I feel the action which the tion equal to or better than the useful citizens in the only area citizens plan to take regarding one he has been able to obtain. of the world whose citizens are the regional school will have a In order to encourage the trained in self government. very important bearing on the consolidation of schools the The responsibility inherent steps which are taken to im- State assumes a large share of regionalization in the above requirement is so prove the elementary housing, the transportation costs. Any great as to be appalling. Upon particularly in Buckland and cost over fi ve dollars times the the success of the gigantic Shelburne. The Arms Academy average attendance is reim- American experiment in public is also crowded and the facili- bursed by the State. One town’s long journey education, depends the prob- ties of the vocational depart- In 1939 your Superintendent ability of remaining for long a ment, which includes both the of Schools at that time remind- toward a nine-town high school self governing people. shop and home making depart- ed the citizens of Shelburne Accomplishment of this re- ments, are not adequate. These that more space was need for quirement does not necessarily facilities will be less desirable the vocational department. His Editor’s note: I’m not sure what I was expecting to the concept of regionalization and consolidation being mean that all existing buildings as the larger classes which are recommendation at that time fi nd when I went to the Arms Library one Saturday a space-age ideal rather than a means of containing and curricula should be aban- now in our elementary schools was to add to the east side of looking for town reports in an attempt to understand costs. It might have been the concern about state doned and immediately re- enter the high school. Cowell Gymnasium. Fourteen some of the origins of our school system, but I ended up budgets and “hold harmless” money in 1948. With placed by all new buildings and While I realize the above years later we are still recom- captivated by the historical vignettes in the dusty cop- all this in mind, we present some excerpts from these curricula. Education evolves. recommendations are not new mending more space for our ies of Shelburne’s offi cial history. Why? It might have reports in the hope that these opinions — ranging in The best of the old blends in it is obvious that some decision vocational department. been the echoes of the rhetoric of the school building age from 40 to 60 years old — might tweak our think- with the best of the new. Most on a well planned long-range spree of the 1990s; it might have been the realization ing, helping us understand the past as our region’s older buildings can be adapted building program cannot long Report of Superin- that educational professionals in the area were trying communities begin the long and painful process of to the needs of the present, and be delayed. If we should start 1953 tendent of Schools to get a regional school for a long time, a process that fi ghting to preserve our school system at the state level new buildings can be built to now it would be approximately Philip M. Hallowell — reading between the lines — was divisive and even or fi ghting to redefi ne it locally (more realistically, a provide for the future so far two years before we could ex- During the past several failed profoundly the fi rst time. It might have been in combination of both).—JEFF POTTER as current insight can foresee, pect anything in the form of a months a committee of nine to replace such buildings as building ready for occupancy. members called the Regional cannot be economically made It is not my intention to School Planning Committee has elementary school. It lacks the serve as a springboard for the to meet current educational sound pessimistic and be over been meeting to attempt to fi nd Report of the recreational area that should building of an action program.” needs. critical of your present facili- a solution to the school housing 1947 School Committee. be a fundamental part of the The ease of modern transpor- ties. I merely wish to remind situation. The need for a new building school of the future. Renova- Report of superin- tation is leading to the consoli- the citizens that if your school There is no doubt that the to replace the Baker school is tion of the Baker school would 1948 tendent of schools dation of schools. Collecting system is to keep its position as schools of the past and also more urgent than ever with the cost nearly as much as a new Edward Harriman children into larger groups is a progressive up-to-date system at present are doing an out- growth of our population. The school. Replacement of the New legislation repeals the of value only as far as it results these problems must be faced standing job of educating our present building is inadequate. present building with a modern provisions of Chapter 70 of in a better educational offering and solved for the best interst youth. There is also no doubt There are not enough rooms structure on the present site the General Laws whereby for all children, and opportu- of all concerned. that the horse and buggy, the and the heating and lighting would be impractical. We con- $6,500,000 of state income tax nity for each student to receive The Regional School concept sailing vessel, and the square is very poor [sic]. In fact the clude that a new elementary moneys were distributed to the instruction in the arts and is beginning to take root in rigger, the kerosene lamp, the whole set-up is not in keeping school, on a new site, is needed. towns and cities. A new Chap- crafts most likely to prepare Massachusetts. In my opinion record-playing victrola, and the with the best interest of our We have recommended that ter 70, effective Jan. 1, 1949, him to undersstand the broader the local school union plus milking pail and stool served children. action be taken immediately provides for the distribution concepts of modern civilization, other towns (which may wish well and contributed much in to initiate a program directed of 15.5 millions of dollars on to accept his responsibilities to participate) would make an its time. We have left most of Shelburne Educa- toward eventually constructing an equalizing formula which in in a society of self governing ideal regional school district. these latter mentioned instru- 1948 tion Fact-Find- a new elementary school on a general will give more to poor people, and render a satisfacto- Some advantages of the region- ments to a bygone age and are ing Committee report by E.A. new site. towns than to wealthy towns. ry service in a specifi c vocation al school plan are as follows: facing the future realistically. If Milne, chairman, C.S. Brewer, Our survey of the high school It provides that no town is to commensurate with his inter- 1. The state will contribute schools are to train citizens of secretary. buildings indicates that addi- receive less “School Aid” than ests and abilities. up to 40% of the construction a future generation who are to Educational requirements tional improvements would be it received in 1948. Experience seems to be pro- costs. live in the atomic age, the jet are changing. If the children of benefi cial. Because it appears There is considerable dis- viding that the gathering of stu- 2. The state will contribute airplane, and even the possibil- the town are to be competent that improvements can be agreement relative to whether dents in groups ranging from 15% more toward the local ity of fl ying into space, they to condend with the compli- impeded by lack of funds, we there is more or less money 400 to 1,000 offers opportunity school fund than it is contribut- must change, too. cated problems of the future, have recommended that the available for schools. The for- to provide instructors who ing at present. Schools organized on a larger Shelburne schools must not be school committee survey this mula for distribution of moneys possess the abilities necessary 3. Facilities of the pro- unit basis are to be the schools allowed to remain static. We problem with the Arms Acad- under the new Chapter 70 is to more adequately serve the posed Junior High unit and of the future. Such towns as must be conscious of required emy trustees and suggest, if an intended to result in a more children. Senior High unit would be Charlemont and Hawley on the improvements and keep abreast accelerated improvement pro- equitable equalization of edu- It has been possible during interchangable. elementary level; Deerfi eld, of trends in education. Our sur- gram is expedient, that addi- cational opportunity. the past two years to consoli- 4. The costs would be shared Whately, Conway, Sunderland, vey shows that a well-planned tional funds for this purpose in Two methods for comput- date most grades. A teacher proportionately by all towns in Northfi eld, Bernardston and long-range program of school the form of increased rents be ing state aid are provided. who has one grade can give the region. Warwick on the secondary improvement should be effect- made available to the trustees. The fi rst will not provide ad- more attention to individuals 5. The regional school could level, have moved forward into ed at once. Several towns, making educa- ditional funds for Shelburne. and groups who need help and offer an educational plan and this new age. There are many Shelburne supplies educa- tional surveys, have employed The second, which may be used provide a richer experience program that would surpass the others throughout this state, tional services to surrounding consultants experienced in at the discretion of the Com- for those who are interested one we now have. the New England states, and towns. It is entirely appropriate school plant requirements and missioner of Education, could to do more than the average. 6. Badly needed space for the nation that have done the that other towns be charged curricula to support surveys provide additional “school aid” Shelburne has single grades the agricultural and vocational same. equitable rates for the services made by citizen committees. in some amount. Fullest benefi t in grades one through four. schools would be assured. Recently the National Assoc. rendered. Current and future Such action might be initi- could amount to several thou- Colrain in all grades. There are 7. A better athletic and physi- of Manufacturers, which is a high school improvements ated profi tably by the town of sand dollars. There is suffi cient advantages in having upper cal education program would conservative organization, in a should be refl ected in the Shelburne. confusion in the arguments to grade pupils work with two or be made possible. pamphlet dated August, 1954 tuition rates charged to other The Fact-Finding Committee make it probable that we shall more teachers, and this is pres- entitled “Our Public Schools,” towns. believes that progressive action have to wait till next year to ent practice in all three towns. Report of Superin- wrote as follows: “Many states This committee is completely will provide progressive accom- determine whether Shelburne’s The towns of Buckland, 1952 tendent of Schools encourage reorganization of aware of the costs of modern plishments. A quotation from share of the income tax is to be Colrain, Shelburne and Heath Philip M. Hallowell school districts — as a method education. It is also impressed a recently published survey of more or less than in the past. havee, by a vote of a town The founders of our free gov- of improving education. Small by the need to plan concretely, educational programs will sum- meeting, authorized the ap- ernment, in their concern that schools and small districts tend in a reasonable manner, for marize the thoughts of the com- Report of the site pointment of a Regional School it might endure, understand- to be expensive; they may not the real educational needs of mittee: “It is hoped that these 1949 committee for what Planning Board under the pro- ingly emphasized education as obtain full return on the dol- our children. We believe that recommendations constitute a would become the Buckland- visions of Chapter 638 of the a means of maintaining it. Edu- lars invested. Their fi nancial expanded facilities will prove state of common understand- Shelburne Elementary School. General Laws of 1949. cation according to our State limitations make it impossible necessary to meet the educa- ings which can serve as the Legislation by the Massachu- The duty of the planning Constitution is a function of the to offer a broad educational tional and related needs of the basis for an action program in setts General Court authorizing board is to determine if a re- State, but is locally adminis- program.” children of today and tomorrow meeting the neededs of youth. regional schools was not avail- gional school is desirable. tered and locally controlled. They also quote as follows: to prepare them for greatly Undoubtedly there is need for able to the public until a late The proposed agreeement is There are great pressures “We are spending proportion- increased responsibilities. additional research. But the date. This law might materally then submitted to the voters upon our public school system ately less of our income on We stress herewith some of greatest neeed is for action on affect the requirements of our of all towns for approval. Two today. Some of these pressures schools today than we did in the highlights of our report: the research which has already town. Your committee give this or more towns may enter into are well intentioned for the de- 1930 — even then the schools The Baker school is an obso- been carried on. If the state- as their best excuse for fail- such an agreement and oper- velopment of the system, while were supported inadequately.” lete structure. While usable, it ments in the report are com- ing to report at an earlier date ate a part or all of their schools others are created by subver- is and will be inadequate as an mon understandings they can as required by the vote of the on a regional basis. The more sive organizations, which would town. the parents become interested rejoice in the thought that our Report of Arms A regional school for both in school planning the more publoic school system would be 1953 Academy Principal the grades and the high school likely will be a wise choice of wrecked. ... [T]he founders of Dana Drew would of course relieve the organization. our country believed in public The students have many ex- Shelburne Falls Independent town of the need for any town Two recommendations might education for the perpetuation cellent qualities, even though a school plant. Such a school to be given consideration: of our free government. It is few seem to have no goals and 8 Deerfi eld Ave., Shelburne Falls, MA 01370 replace Arms Academy would 1. To form a Regional School likewise true that, fortunately, drift from day to day. They are (413) 625-8297 • fax (413) 625-6661 relieve any congestion as to a District to operate Arms Acad- most of our clear thinking well worth your confi dence and www.sfindependent.net • e-mail: [email protected] high school and too probably emy as a four year high school. citizens of today ardently sup- support. Be sure to encourage leave at least Cowell Gymna- This would give a group of port our public school system. and promote their many fi ne sium and possibly the Academy towns some experience in joint However, there are members of qualities, rather than harp on An independently owned newspaper property available for grade operation and maintenance our society who would abandon their few weaknesses. They are serving Shelburne Falls and the surrounding hilltowns school use, being suffi cient to without involving the joint some of the support of public our greatest hope -- both as our meet future needs of this part responsibility of capital outlay education and thus cripple it sons and daughters and as our Jeff Potter, Editor and Co-Publisher ([email protected]) of the town as well as allowing for new buildings. from within. future neighbors and citizens. Ted Cahill, Co-Publisher/Advertising and Operations ([email protected]) the Center school to be con- 2. To give early consideration One of the most diffi cult con- • solidated here. If no regional to the building of a new unit fl icts which we face in public Report of Superin- Virginia Ray, Managing Editor ([email protected]) school is set up then our needs to house the seventh, eighth education is the old one-room 1956 tendent of Schools • as at present include at least a and ninth grades, including country school system with its Philip M. Hallowell Linda Rollins, Advertising Sales ([email protected]) grade school site and a fi eld fi t adequate space for vocational inherent methods versus the Since my last report the • for athletics, a small children’s shops and industrial arts. This newer concept of consolidated towns of Buckland and Shel- Regular contributors include: Christopher Baldwin, Brian Duffey, Stephanie playground and for other com- building program should pro- schools and improved methods burne have taken signifi cant Funk, Kate Higginbotham, Laura Rodley, John Snyder, Don Stewart, Nate munity celebrations and other vide adequate athletic fi elds of education. In most of our steps toward the planning of Walsh. activities. and playground areas. communities this problem has modern elementary education- 3. A third consideration, been settled. Whether we ac- al facilties. Last January the Shelburne Falls Independent is published every other week on Thursdays by Dialogos Report of superin- which would probably be more cept or reject this trend toward towns voted to regionalize on Media, Inc. Annual subscription rate: $20 per year. 1950 tendent of schools easily accepted, would be to consolidation is is bound to suc- the elementary level. Since that Diverse viewpoints are presented in our Independent Thinking section — viewpoints that might not represent the views of this newspaper, its editors, its contributors, or Edward Harriman build a school for senior high ceed sooner or later. The most time the school committees its advertisers. It would be nice if one could grades, including the same logical reasons for this trend of each town have been work- Package, presentation, and most news content © 2006 Dialogos Media, Inc.; some judge the value of a school as shops and laboratories for are as follows: 1) Effi ciency of ing with Mr. Bernard Dirks of material may be owned by individual contributors. Reproduction of material in this newspaper is prohibited without permission of the publishers. one would a product of industry vocational education. While operation of a school system. Greenfi eld in planning a mod- by careful measurement of size, more attractive to most of us 2) The impossibility of getting ern school for the two towns. Shelburne Falls Independent • April 27–May 10, 2006 • www.sfindependent.net • page 5 I believe regionalization is The visitors spent three days educational opportunities: the best method of handling and two evenings observing and —The immediate construc- to arrive at a point where it the elementary school program recording their fi ndings con- tion of a six-room addition to may still be defeated by vote of • Mini hydraulic excavators • Multi-terrain loaders • Genie boom lifts for Buckland and Shelburne for cerning the academic program, the present Buckland-Shel- any one community. the following reasons: the school administration, burne Regional School. Another possible solution: • Challenger tractor backhoes • Skid steer loaders • Telehandlers 1. The state will contribute and the school plant. ... The —Continued participation by amend the present Buckland- Many attachments available • Hydraulic hose repairs 35% toward the costs of a new rankings according by the two your superintendent in a study Shelburne Regional School to school rather than 23% which Evaluation Committees were of the possibility of forming a include not only K–6 but K–12. would be the case if either quite similar and especially regional vocational school in Another amendment might be town built its own facilties. so when they referred to the Greenfi eld... to include Colrain in this re- 2. The major portion of the physical features of the High —The immediate reactiva- gional development. Since the two towns’ school population School buildings. Both reports tion of interest in a new region- three towns mentioned already is separated only be a narrow emphatically indicated that al high school. function so closely as a unit, SHELBURNE FALLS river. the classrooms, shops, study I should like to make the fol- I feel this would be an easy cell 413-834-1671 413-625-6463 residence 413-625-6387 3. It would avoid duplication hall, auditorium, cafeteria, of- lowing comments concerning a transition.... in cafeteria facilities, play- fi ce space, recreational areas, possible regional high school. I do feel that under this ar- rooms, heating plant equip- playing fi elds, toilet facilities, First of all, it should defi nitely rangement we should not forget ment, and personnel. provisions for storage, parking include grades seven through our friends in Charlemont, 4. I believe state aid of the areas, bus-loading stations, and twelve. I believe this could be Heath, Hawley and Rowe. If future will continue to empha- corridors were so limited that handled in one or the other of they are interested or willing size regionalization. the academic and extra-curricu- the following two fashions. perhaps they could be included In addition to the above plan- lar programs were unable to be The fi rst solution is the one in such an expanded regional, ning, the towns of Buckland, presented at the desired level that has already been institut- or perhaps they could come Hilltown Tree & Garden Colrain, and Shelburne voted of comprehensiveness. ed by some interested people, in on some sort of a long-term MA Certified Arborist to regionalize with the towns While the enrollment at including the faculty of Arms tuition basis such as signing a MA Certified Horticulturist of Charlemont, Hawley, and Arms in September 1960 was Academy. They have started the ten-year tuition contract with Cottage Garden Design • Installation • Maintenance Heath on the secondary level. 294, the predicted enrollment wheels in motion to form plan- us.... —— This committee, too, has been for September 1961 is 322. ning committees in the seven One way or another, a new • General Tree Care • Fine Pruning working on diligently wrestling Again this year I very strong- area towns that are interested regional high school is a most • Residential Orchard Rejuvenation with the many problems which ly recommend that prompt, in such a regional high school. urgent need for the area! ORGANICALLY ORIENTED • EXCELLENT REFERENCES • NATIVE PLANTS have confronted it in planning thoughtful action be taken by This is fi ne, for I believe the James McSweeney, M.C.A., M.C.H. • Chesterfield, MA a new facility for the pupils on the citizens of our community needs of all the towns should the secondary level. This type to do everything possible to be included in the planning Report of the Mo- (413) 582-4088 • www.hilltowntreeandgarden.com of project moves much more guarantee a high school educa- of a high school. However, the 1964 hawk Trail Region- slowly, as naturally it should. tion that will place our chidl- drawback to this is the fact that al School District Committee Any group can plan an ordinary ren in a position to compete these towns already have failed At special town meetings school but making plans for a with the graduates of other to form a regional high school in April, the seven original school which will fi t the pat- schools in Franklin County and several times in the past. I feel towns in the region completed tern of education for several elsewhere in New England. that some of the trouble is a year’s work by the District MkZ]bmbhgZe decades requires much thought. Although fi nancial limitations the necessary largeness of the Planning Committee by approv- When the committee has fi n- must be recognized and help us committee. Another drawback ing the formation of a Regional M bf[^k?kZf^ ished its task they are confi - in selecting modest, but worth- is the fact that this would have School District for our towns. dent it will be a school of which while, solutions to our school to repeat much effort that has The cooperation and spirit of Peggy Hart answered, “We’re at Mohawk ______from front page a very different place than when we voted the regional agreement. in the system were closed. He our legislators,” Walker said. “We outstanding capital costs of a I think we literally have half the has also suggested that a closed have a couple of points that we’d closed school will be met by all number of kids as we had at that school could be reborn in some like them to address that apply to district towns. The proposal for time.” other educational entity, such as either everyone or every regional the amendments will be before Porter again said that she felt a technical school. school district, which include an annual town meeting voters and that details regarding closure In distilling information re- enormous number of tech schools will require unanimity district- were undefi ned. ceived from the public forums, in eastern Mass...So we think wide to pass. “I just think it’s too bad to go Buoniconti said that the message we have kind of a broader Shelburne representative out without a clear plan and ask from communities was that they message.” Cindy Smith said that she had for this...” she said. were “uncomfortable at moving “very strong feelings about the “There were tons and tons of quickly” toward a possible school Regional amendments pass amendments. I think it’s very discussions,” MTRSD Business closure. As the school committee con- important to put it on the ballots Manager David Fraser said. “The Residents, he said, wanted a sidered the four per cent budget and to see what people have to question was — maybe Heath delay of at least a year for more fi - prior to voting its authorization, say.” missed it... What is in front of nancial information and for more there was some dissent among Newly appointed Heath rep- us is what’s affordable and what research into the consequences. members, chiefl y because pos- resentative Pam Porter, however, we can afford for the kids. We’ve “There’s not a lot of support sible staff or program reductions described consideration of been speaking about this for four for any of the downsizing plans,” will not be discussed until April the amendment regarding the years and every year [the issue] is he said. “...The general idea that 26. relocation of elementary students [postponed to] the next year.” I’ve gotten is that...although it’s Ashfi eld representative Mary as “unnecessarily divisive and Mohawk Trail Regional High all painful, towns think that Link explained that budget ap- premature.” School Principal Philip Dzialo they can support a four percent proval was necessary on April 12 “I’m very strongly opposed to noted that he had lived through budget [increase] as long as we due to imposed deadlines for the offering this without offering three fi nancial crises, including keep working on a long-term district’s annual town meetings. what any real plan will be,” she a few years ago when there were downsizing budget.” The teachers’ contract also man- said. “I’m also mistrustful of the 22 staff cuts at his facility. Referring to the $206,000 dates that staff be informed of idea that we’re buying a year to “That was catastrophic,” he increase in education and trans- any layoffs by June 1. She noted consolidate.” said. “...What these amendments portation funding approved by that with no authorized fi nanc- Buckland representative Jon do is provide solutions that the the House Ways and Means Com- ing the district would potentially Wyman said that the committee school committee can have the mittee, Buoniconti said, “that face a “one-twelfth budget” or would have to consider the best power to deal with...We ought would buy us the year that we’re month-by-month funding until education for all the district’s to think that we are a region, a talking about.” fi nancing for the coming school children. single municipality.” The four per cent increase year is authorized.The budget “If that means moving children The two amendments passed budget refl ects operating costs passed unanimously. to other schools, that is a neces- with just one “nay” vote and of $16,818,542. Discussion regarding accep- sity,” he said. “This [amendment] one abstention recorded. The The budget subcommittee will tance of amendments to the is what’s going to help us...if we legal mechanism providing the present proposed cuts, accom- district’s regional agreement don’t have this we’re going to be school committee authorization modating the $275,000 reduction, took more than an hour. Essen- spinning our wheels.” to potentially close a school, or to the school committee on the tially, the revisions provide Porter asked for the creation schools, now awaits a decision ! #OLLEGE 0REPARATORY $AY 3CHOOL evening of April 26. the school committee authority of a more specific plan before from district voters. to close a school if necessary. considering the amendments. FOR 'RADES n AND 0OSTGRADUATE Boston bound They also provide that any School Committee Chairwoman That same day a group of dis- OR OVER TWENTY YEARS OUR SMALL trict elementary school parents and a few school committee mem- SIZE OUR COMMITMENT TO THE ARTS & bers will travel to Beacon Hill to Todd ______from front page AND OUR DEMANDING ACADEMIC STANDARDS lobby for increased sec- ondary school funding, full school tured, very bright. She had high to her when she was fi rst elected. to accept that as your reality. You HAVE CREATED A COMMUNITY OF INDE transportation revenue and a sug- expectations for the kids and I said ‘We’re going to fi nd wheth- change the reality.” PENDENCE UNBOUNDED CREATIVITY AND gested change in the educational worked very hard to get them to er it’s possible to be effective in A reality that has also changed RIGOROUS LEARNING /UR COMMUNITY IS AS reform fi nancial formula. meet those high expectations. politics when you’re as good as is the financial landscape of School offi cials and concerned And she did it with a smile all you are.’,” he recalled. secondary schools. As the direc- SUCCESSFUL AS IT IT UNIQUE OUR STUDENTS parents from all over the Com- the time.” Robinson gave Todd high marks tor of the Title I program for the HAVE EARNED PLACES AT SOME OF THE MOST monwealth will also be in Boston Todd stressed the fi ner points in a demanding task. district, Todd has seen federal that Wednesday for several state of reading by assigning students “Susan is without guile,” Rob- funding shrink from $400,000 to SELECTIVE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES IN functions, ranging from a meet- the challenges of the long-form inson said. “There’s nothing naive $300,000 in the past fi ve years. THE COUNTRY ing of the Mass. Association of novel. They were taught the about her, that is, she knows the The program provides for more School Committees to a “Stand value of written communication complexities of human situations intensive teaching of supplemen- For Children” rally. Phoebe by keeping journals of their as well as anyone. But, she’s di- tal math and English language Walker of Buckland is one of experiences. rect and candid and I think she’s arts, making the 40-year-old proj- the organizers of the as-yet-un- “She also began taking kids been as effective as she was in ect a vital adjunct to meet the 4HE !CADEMY AT named grassroots campaign to on fi eld trips that extended far government because you can’t federal annual testing mandate make legislators more aware of beyond what had previously been bring yourself to show any guile of “No Child Left Behind.” #HARLEMONT Mohawk’s financial crisis. She done,” Daley said. “She was one to her. She obviously was a person “It means that supplies and was asked whether the group’s of the innovators of taking her everyone trusted and admired.” professional opportunities are &INANCIAL