Town of Brookline Hazard Mitigation Plan 2015 Update
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TOWN OF BROOKLINE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2015 UPDATE Metropolitan Area Planning Draft PlanCouncil Update June 4, 2015 TOWN OF BROOKLINE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2015 UPDATE [This page intentionally left blank] TOWN OF BROOKLINE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2015 UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND CREDITS This plan was prepared for the Town of Brookline by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC) under the direction of the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency (MEMA) and the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). The plan was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Grant Program. MAPC Officers President: Lynn Duncan Vice President: Keith Bergman Secretary: Shirronda Almeida Treasurer: Taber Keally Executive Director: Marc. D. Draisen Credits Project Manager and Lead Project Planner: Martin Pillsbury Mapping/GIS Services: Susan Brunton Eliza Wallace Francisco Rodriguez Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency Director: Kurt Schwartz Department of Conservation and Recreation Commissioner: Carol I. Sanchez Brookline Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team Alan Balsam Department of Public Health Dan Bennett Building Department Paul D. Ford Fire Department, Chief Lara Curtis Hayes Planning Department Dan O’Leary Police Department, Chief Bill McGroarty Veterans Services Andrew Pappastergion Department of Public Works, Commissioner Michael Raskin Police Department Alison Steinfeld Planning Department TOWN OF BROOKLINE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2015 UPDATE [This page intentionally left blank] TOWN OF BROOKLINE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2015 UPDATE TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page I. Executive Summary 1 II. Introduction 5 III. Planning Process and Public Participation 11 IV. Risk Assessment 19 V. Hazard Mitigation Goals 73 VI. Existing Mitigation Measures 75 VII. Mitigation Measures from the 2005 Plan 89 VIII. Hazard Mitigation Strategy 93 IX. Plan Adoption and Maintenance 111 X. List of References 115 Appendix A Meeting Agendas 117 Appendix B Hazard Mapping 121 Appendix C Documentation of Public Participation 131 Appendix D Documentation of Plan Adoption 137 LIST OF TABLES Table # Table Page 1 Plan Review and Update 3 2 Previous Federal/State Disaster Declarations 6 3 FEMA-Funded Mitigation Projects 8 4 Brookline Community Characteristics 9 5 Local Hazard Mitigation Team Members 15 6 Attendance at Public Meetings 16 7 Hazard Risks Summary 19 8 Norfolk County Flood Events, 1996-2014 21 9 Summary of Repetitive Losses and Claims 28 10 Hurricane Records for Massachusetts, 1938-2012 31 11 Tornado Records for Norfolk County, 1995-2014 32 12 Norfolk County Thunderstorm Events, 1995-2014 35 13 Norfolk County Heavy Snow Events, 1965-2014 37 14 Norfolk County Ice Storm Events, 1965-2014 40 15 Historical Earthquakes, 1727-2012 42 16 Norfolk County Extreme Cold Occurrences 48 17 Norfolk County Extreme Heat Occurrences 50 18 Chronology of Major Droughts in Massachusetts 53 19 2005 Land Use 56 20 Summary of Brookline Developments 2008-2015 60 21 Relationship of Critical Infrastructure to Hazard Areas 62 22 Estimated Damages from Hurricanes 70 TOWN OF BROOKLINE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2015 UPDATE 23 Estimated Damages from Earthquakes 71 24 Estimated Damages from Flooding 72 25 Existing Mitigation Measures 86 26 Mitigation Measures from the 2005 Plan 89 27 Evaluation of Potential Mitigation Measures 96 28 Mitigation Measure Prioritization 99 29 Potential Mitigation Measures 108 LIST OF FIGURES Figure # Table Page 1 Muddy River 1996 Flood Impacts 24 2 Kenmore Square MBTA Station Flooded in 1996 Storm 25 3 Muddy River Flooding 1996 25 4 Muddy River Gage Height, March-April 2010 26 5 Brookline Reservoir Dam Inundation Map 30 6 Boston Study Region Liquefaction Potential 44 7 Wildfire Losses by Type, 2009 –2014 46 8 Wind Chill Temperature Index and Frostbit Risk 48 9 Heat Index Chart 49 10 Statewide Drought Levels using SPI Thresholds 1850 – 2012 52 11 Change in Frequency of Extreme Downpours, 1948 – 2011 54 12 Massachusetts Extreme Heat Scenarios 55 13 Muddy River Project – New 10 x 24 Foot Culvert 79 14 Muddy River Project 80 15 Muddy River Project – Former Parking Lot to be Daylighted 81 16 Muddy River Project – Design for Daylighting River at Former 81 Parking Lot 17 Muddy River Project - Dredging Profiles for Environmental 82 Restoration vs. Flood Improvement 18 Muddy River Project - Dredging Profiles for Environmental 103 Restoration vs. Flood Improvement TOWN OF BROOKLINE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2015 UPDATE I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hazard Mitigation planning is a proactive effort to identify actions that can be taken to reduce the dangers to life and property from natural hazard events. In the communities of the Boston region of Massachusetts, hazard mitigation planning tends to focus most on flooding, the most likely natural hazard to impact these communities. The Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires all municipalities that wish to be eligible to receive FEMA funding for hazard mitigation grants, to adopt a local multi-hazard mitigation plan and update this plan in five year intervals. Planning Process Planning for the Hazard Mitigation Plan update was led by the Brookline Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team, composed of staff from a number of different Town Departments. This team met on October , 2013, and October 10, 2014 and discussed where the impacts of natural hazards most affect the Town, goals for addressing these impacts, updates to the Town’s existing mitigation measures and new or revised hazard mitigation measures that would benefit the Town. Public participation in this planning process is important for improving awareness of the potential impacts of natural hazards and to build support for the actions the Town takes to mitigate them. The Town’s Emergency Management Team hosted two public meetings, the first on March 27 2014 and the second on June 9, 2015, and the draft plan update was posted on the Town’s website for public review. Key town stakeholders and neighboring communities were notified and invited to review the draft plan and submit comments. Risk Assessment The Brookline Hazard Mitigation Plan assesses the potential impacts to the Town from flooding, high winds, winter storms, brush fire, geologic hazards, extreme temperatures, and drought. Flooding, driven by hurricanes, northeasters and other storms, clearly presents the greatest hazard to the Town, most especially in the Muddy River. These are shown on the map series (Appendix B). The Brookline Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team identified 126 Critical Facilities. These are also shown on the map series and listed in Table 21, identifying which facilities are located within the mapped hazard zones. A HAZUS-MH analysis provided estimates of damages from Hurricanes of category 2 and4 ($51 million to $209 million as well as earthquakes of magnitudes 5 and 7 ($825 million to $9.1 billion). Flood damage estimates range from $41 million to $208 million. Hazard Mitigation Goals The Brookline Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team identified the following hazard mitigation goals for the Town: 1 TOWN OF BROOKLINE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2015 UPDATE Goal 1: Ensure that critical infrastructure sites and functions are protected from natural hazards. Ensure that emergency communication facilities are protected from hazards. Ensure that flooding in areas near critical infrastructure does not worsen. Goal 2: Work with surrounding communities to ensure regional cooperation and to mitigate those hazards that affect multiple communities. Work with other communities in the region to plan evacuation routes and improve the sharing of information related to transportation systems. Seek opportunities to partner with other communities or state and regional entities to mitigate larger and/or regional natural hazards. Goal 3: Make efficient use of public funds for hazard mitigation. Prioritize resources to those areas with greatest impacts or potential for greatest impacts. Encourage state agencies to allocate resources to areas most affected and most vulnerable to natural hazards. Encourage private property-owners to take steps to protect their properties from various natural hazards. Goal 4: Ensure that the transportation system can function before, during and after a natural disaster or event. Ensure that major evacuation routes, such as Route 9 and Beacon Street, are protected from natural hazards. Work with neighboring communities, DCR, MassDOT the MBTA, and others to ensure that the transportation system can withstand various natural hazards. Goal 5: Complete the Muddy River Restoration Project. Continue to seek financial assistance and support to complete this critical project. Goal 6: Increase resilience by protecting and enhancing natural resources Make green infrastructure a central part of the Town's development strategy Protect natural areas to ensure that they buffer impacts to built areas during a natural disaster. Protect and increase urban tree canopy Manage stormwater with Low Impact Development techniques Preserve and restore the functions of natural resource systems such as wetlands. Promote green roofs and cool roofs Encourage future development in areas that are not prone to natural hazards. Hazard Mitigation Strategy The Brookline Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team identified a number of mitigation measures that would serve to reduce the Town’s vulnerability to natural hazard events. 2 TOWN OF BROOKLINE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2015 UPDATE The most important of these is the Muddy River