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DOWN THE HALL AND AROUND THE WORLD Dinosaur Hall HADROSAURUS AVACERATOPS FOULKII LAMMERSI Can you find the picture of Does this skeleton have what scientists first thought anything missing? See if Hadrosaurus looked like? you can find what’s not there and guess why. Fun Fact At the time of Hadrosaurus’ discovery, Fun Fact this was the most complete Despite its small size, this dinosaur skeleton Avaceratops is a fully ever found. grown adult. TOROSAURUS LATUS What pieces of this skull are real bone? Hint: If you’re stuck, look at the label. Fun Fact Torosaurus is a close cousin of Triceratops. Some people even think they’re the same dinosaur — but this skull disputes PTEROSAURS that theory. CORYTHOSAURUS Look at the hands CASUARIUS of the Pterosaurs. Can you tell which Look at the spine of finger makes up Corythosaurus. Can you see part of their wings? something unique on it? Fun Fact Pterosaurs are not dinosaurs, Fun Fact but they are close cousins. Corythosaurus and its relatives have hundreds of teeth in dental batteries in their mouths. : fossilized tendons that look like sticks like look that tendons fossilized : finger; fourth : CORYTHOSAUR CASUARIUS CORYTHOSAUR PTEROSAUR ANSWERS: cast; is smooth fossil, is bumpy : tail; the by image white and black : bone; humerus missing : TOROSAURUS LATUS TOROSAURUS FOULKII HADROSAURUS LAMMERSI AVACERATOPS TYRANNOSAURUS REX THEROPOD To help balance, HEADS T. rex has a long tail, but where is the pivot Which of point for them? these theropods has a Fun Fact unique crest that helped Tyrannosaurus rex was almost named Dynamosaurus make it famous? imperiosus. Fun Fact The differences in their tooth size shows us that they ate different TYLOSAURUS kinds of meat. PRORIGOR Tylosaurus is not a a dinosaur. Can you you figure out why? Fun Fact Marine reptiles in this family are closely related to modern day snakes and lizards. DINOSAUR LIMBS BY THE ENTRANCE Which of these arms are not from ELASMOSAURUS a dinosaur? PLATYURUS Fun Fact The limbs of the dinosaurs and mammals show the different ways Look at the teeth and arms these groups of animals evolved to help bear of Elasmosaurus. What kind their weight. of food do you think it ate? Fun Fact When Elasmosaurus was first discovered, scientist Edward Drinker Cope mistakenly put its head at the end of its tail instead of on the neck! : fish : ELASMOSAURUS PLATYURUS ELASMOSAURUS ANSWERS: ANSWERS: elephant; LIMBS: DINOSAUR limbs; sprawling with body reptile-like : dilophosaur; HEADS: THEROPOD hips; : PRORIGOR TYLOSAURUS REX TYRANNOSAURUS.

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A Revised Taxonomy of the Iguanodont Dinosaur Genera and Species
ARTICLE IN PRESS + MODEL Cretaceous Research xx (2007) 1e25 www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes A revised taxonomy of the iguanodont dinosaur genera and species Gregory S. Paul 3109 North Calvert Station, Side Apartment, Baltimore, MD 21218-3807, USA Received 20 April 2006; accepted in revised form 27 April 2007 Abstract Criteria for designating dinosaur genera are inconsistent; some very similar species are highly split at the generic level, other anatomically disparate species are united at the same rank. Since the mid-1800s the classic genus Iguanodon has become a taxonomic grab-bag containing species spanning most of the Early Cretaceous of the northern hemisphere. Recently the genus was radically redesignated when the type was shifted from nondiagnostic English Valanginian teeth to a complete skull and skeleton of the heavily built, semi-quadrupedal I. bernissartensis from much younger Belgian sediments, even though the latter is very different in form from the gracile skeletal remains described by Mantell. Currently, iguanodont remains from Europe are usually assigned to either robust I. bernissartensis or gracile I. atherﬁeldensis, regardless of lo- cation or stage. A stratigraphic analysis is combined with a character census that shows the European iguanodonts are markedly more morpho- logically divergent than other dinosaur genera, and some appear phylogenetically more derived than others. Two new genera and a new species have been or are named for the gracile iguanodonts of the Wealden Supergroup; strongly bipedal Mantellisaurus atherﬁeldensis Paul (2006. Turning the old into the new: a separate genus for the gracile iguanodont from the Wealden of England. In: Carpenter, K. (Ed.), Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs.
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Saurolophus Angustirostris (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae), from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia
RESEARCH ARTICLE Perinatal Specimens of Saurolophus angustirostris (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae), from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia Leonard Dewaele1,2*, Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar3, Rinchen Barsbold3, Géraldine Garcia4, Koen Stein5, François Escuillié6, Pascal Godefroit1 1 Directorate 'Earth and History of Life', Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, rue Vautier 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, 2 Research Unit Palaeontology, Department Geology and Soil Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium, 3 Institute of Paleontology and Geology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210–351, Mongolia, 4 Université de Poitiers, IPHEP, UMR CNRS 7262, 6 rue M. Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France, 5 Earth System Science, AMGC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, 6 Eldonia, 9 Avenue des Portes Occitanes, 3800, Gannat, France * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Dewaele L, Tsogtbaatar K, Barsbold R, Garcia G, Stein K, Escuillié F, et al. (2015) Perinatal Specimens of Saurolophus angustirostris Background (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae), from the Upper The Late Cretaceous Nemegt Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia has already yielded abun- Cretaceous of Mongolia. PLoS ONE 10(10): dant and complete skeletons of the hadrosaur Saurolophus angustirostris, from half-grown e0138806. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138806 to adult individuals. Editor: Andrew A. Farke, Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology, UNITED STATES Received: April 22, 2015 Methodology/Principal Findings Accepted: September 3, 2015 Herein we describe perinatal specimens of Saurolophus angustirostris, associated with fragmentary eggshell fragments. The skull length of these babies is around 5% that of the Published: October 14, 2015 largest known S. angustirostris specimens, so these specimens document the earliest Copyright: © 2015 Dewaele et al.
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Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary Morfologisk Variation I Det Hadrosauroida Dentärbenet
Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 398 Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary Morfologisk variation i det hadrosauroida dentärbenet D. Fredrik K. Söderblom INSTITUTIONEN FÖR GEOVETENSKAPER DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 398 Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary Morfologisk variation i det hadrosauroida dentärbenet D. Fredrik K. Söderblom ISSN 1650-6553 Copyright © D. Fredrik K. Söderblom Published at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University (www.geo.uu.se), Uppsala, 2017 Abstract Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary D. Fredrik K. Söderblom The near global success reached by hadrosaurid dinosaurs during the Cretaceous has been attributed to their ability to masticate (chew). This behavior is more commonly recognized as a mammalian adaptation and, as a result, its occurrence in a non-mammalian lineage should be accompanied with several evolutionary modifications associated with food collection and processing. The current study investigates morphological variation in a specific cranial complex, the dentary, a major element of the hadrosauroid lower jaw. 89 dentaries were subjected to morphometric and statistical analyses to investigate the clade’s taxonomic-, ontogenetic-, and individual variation in dentary morphology. Results indicate that food collection and processing became more efficient in saurolophid hadrosaurids through a complex pattern of evolutionary and growth-related changes. The diastema (space separating the beak from the dental battery) grew longer relative to dentary length, specializing food collection anteriorly and food processing posteriorly. The diastema became ventrally directed, hinting at adaptations to low-level grazing, especially in younger individuals.
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GUIDE LEAFLET SERIES No. 70
BY • - THIRD EDITION GUIDE LEAFLET SERIES No. 70 • HORNED DINOSAUR TRICERATOPS As reconstructed by Charles R. Knight. In the distance a pair of the contemporary Trachodonts. THE HALL OF DINOSAURS By FREDERIC A. LUCAS DINOSAUR is a reptile, a member of a group long extinct, having no near living relatives, the crocodiles, though clo er than any A other exi ting forms, being but distantly connected; neither are the great lizards froms Komodo Islands, which have attncted so much attention recently under the title of dragons, nearly related. The name Dinosaur, terrible reptile, was bestowed on these animal because some of those first discovered were big, powerful, flesh-eating forms, but while we are apt to think of Dinosaurs as huge creatures yet there were many kinds of dinosaurs and they ranged in ize from big Brontosaurus, with the bulk of half-a-dozen elephants, to little Comp sognathus, no larger than a Plymouth Rock chicken. The Dinosaurs lived mostly during the periods that geologi ts call Jurassic and Cretaceous, periods of many million years, six at least, more probably nearer thirty. The race started a little before the Jura sic, some 35,000,000 years ago, and came to an end with the Cretaceous about six million years ago. In their day they were found over the greater part of the world, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, and Australia. It wa a strange world in which they lived, a world peopled by reptiles, the Age of Reptiles, as the time is called; besides the Dino aurs there were crocodiles and turtles; flying reptiles, with a spread of wing greater than that of any living bird, and little pterodactyles about the size of a robin; in the sea during one period there were reptiles like porpoises and, later, they were succeeded by those something like great iguanas, but with paddles instead of feet, while with them were giant turtles far larger than any sea turtles of to-day; there were a few birds, some that flew and some that swam, but they differed from exi ting birds in having teeth.
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Dinosaur Hall Scavenger Hunt We Hope You Enjoy Your Visit to the Museum Today
Dinosaur Hall Scavenger Hunt We hope you enjoy your visit to the museum today. Use this scavenger hunt to explore Dinosaur Hall. Each answer can only be used once! 1. Find at least one animal in Dinosaur Hall that is NOT a dinosaur. Elasmosaurus (above information desk, has flippers, marine reptile), Mosasaur (two Tylosaurus and the Plioplatecarpus, marine reptiles), Sea Turtles, Ichthyosaurus skull, the fish Xiphactinus, Pteranodon (above Time Machine, winged, flying reptile), elephant, various human specimens 2. Find an animal in Dinosaur Hall that did NOT live at the same time as the dinosaurs. Elephant (the leg bone can be found on the right side of Dinosaur Hall as you enter). Human arm bones, same location 3. Find a dinosaur that was a carnivore (ate other animals). Tyrannosaurus rex, Herrerasaurus, Dilophosaurus, Acrocanthosaurus, Giganotosaurus, Deinonychus, Velociraptor, Albertosaurus 4. Find a dinosaur that was an herbivore (ate plants). Torosaurus, Avaceratops, Hadrosaurus foulkii, Chasmosaurus, Corythosaurus, Parasaurolophus, Stegosaurus, Triceratops, Tenontosaurus 5. What fossil(s) are the staff in the Paleo Lab working on? Answers will vary. The Academy takes part in uncovering fossils from all over the world. 6. Find a dinosaur that was discovered in New Jersey. What is special about this dinosaur? Hadrosaurus foulkii (New Jersey) First dinosaur mounted for public display in the world 7. Find a dinosaur that may have had protective body armor. Ankylosaurus, Stegosaurus, Triceratops, Torosaurus, Avaceratops, Chasmosaurus 8. Find a dinosaur that is smaller than Tyrannosaurus rex. Tenontosaurus, Deinonychus, Avaceratops, Velociraptor, Struthiomimus 9. Find a dinosaur that may have used physical displays (parts of its body) for communication.
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The Brain of Iguanodon and Mantellisaurus: Perspectives on Ornithopod Evolution 16 Pascaline Lauters*, Walter Coudyzer, Martine Vercauteren, and Pascal Godefroit
IU Press uncorrected proof. Copyrighted material. For proofing purposes only. The Brain of Iguanodon and Mantellisaurus: Perspectives on Ornithopod Evolution 16 Pascaline Lauters*, Walter Coudyzer, Martine Vercauteren, and Pascal Godefroit Information on the structure of the brain of the basal iguanodontian dino- saurs Iguanodon bernissartensis and Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis, from the Early Cretaceous of Bernissart, is presented on the basis of computed tomographic scanning and 3D reconstruction of three braincases. The resulting digital cranial endocasts are compared with physical and digital endocasts of other dinosaurs. The orientation of the brain is more horizon- tal than in lambeosaurine hadrosaurids. The large olfactory tracts indicate that the sense of smell was better developed than in hadrosaurids. The primitive flexures of the midbrain are virtually absent in I. bernissartensis but appear to be better developed in M. atherfieldensis, which might be explained by the smaller body size of the latter. The brain of Iguanodon was relatively larger than in most extant nonavian reptiles, sauropods, and ceratopsians. However, it was apparently smaller than in lambeosaurines and most theropods. The relative size of the cerebrum was low in Iguan odon. In Mantellisaurus, the cerebrum was proportionally larger than in Iguanodon and compares favorably with lambeosaurines. The behavioral repertoire and/or complexity were therefore probably different in the two iguanodontoids from Bernissart, Iguanodon and Mantellisaurus. The en- largement of the cerebrum appeared independently, together with possible capabilities for more complex behaviors, at least two times during the evolution of Iguanodontoidea. Two natural endocasts of basal Iguanodontia were discovered in England Introduction during the eighteenth century. The first one, from the Wealden of Brooke (Isle of Wright), was described by Hulke (1871) and Andrews (1897).
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Remaking the Old Into the New, New Names For
Remaking the Old into the Valanginian stage sediments of England that can be readily used as an alternative paratype to New, New Names for more clearly define the species. Strictly speak- Iguanodonts of Europe and ing, the name Iguanodon is not valid, and North America should be dropped (same for Megalosaurus). But it is so famous that no one has been willing by Gregory S Paul to give it up. This has led to a host of further All Hlustr atiuns © Gregory S Paul problems. As we all know, in the early 1820s the To digress a moment, towards the end of the first dinosaurs were recognized as ancient last century it was decided to save Coelophysis. Mesozoic reptiles in southeastern England. Because the type is just a few nondiagnostic The teeth of the herbivorous Iguanodon bones from a location near the famed Ghost were first published in 1822 and named in Ranch quarry packed full of countless complete 1825 and the predatory Megalosaurus coelophysid skulls and skeletons, the latter were was figured and named in 1824. Named by renamed Rioarribasaurus. Many were not Gideon Mantell, the Iguanodon anghcus happy with this, so the International teeth may have been discovered by his Commission on Zoological Nomenclature was wife Mary (exactly what happened is r============S;;:a=m=e=sc=a:;:Je=:=======--' petitioned to in essence cheat by basically obscure). The type teeth were from early Iguanodonbernissartensis changing the type of the taxon from the orig- Early Cretaceous sediments that are now Dollodon bampingi inal holotype to the same, oft published known to be about 138 million years old, Mantellisaurusatherfieldensis American Museum individual that was the of middle Valanginian age.
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A New Arctic Hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (Lower Maastrichtian) of Northern Alaska
Editors' choice A new Arctic hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska HIROTSUGU MORI, PATRICK S. DRUCKENMILLER, and GREGORY M. ERICKSON Mori, H., Druckenmiller, P.S., and Erickson, G.M. 2016. A new Arctic hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (1): 15–32. The Liscomb bonebed in the Price Creek Formation of northern Alaska has produced thousands of individual bones of a saurolophine hadrosaurid similar to Edmontosaurus; however, the specific identity of this taxon has been unclear, in part because the vast majority of the remains represent immature individuals. In this study, we address the taxonomic status of the Alaskan material through a comparative and quantitative morphological analysis of juvenile as well several near adult-sized specimens with particular reference to the two known species of Edmontosaurus, as well as a cladistic analysis using two different matrices for Hadrosauroidea. In the comparative morphological analysis, we introduce a quantitative method using bivariate plots to address ontogenetic variation. Our comparative anatomical analysis reveals that the Alaskan saurolophine possesses a unique suite of characters that distinguishes it from Edmontosaurus, including a premaxillary circumnarial ridge that projects posterolaterally without a premaxillary vestibular promontory, a shallow groove lateral to the posterodorsal premaxillary foramen, a relatively narrow jugal process of the postorbital lacking a postorbital pocket, a relatively tall maxilla, a relatively gracile jugal, a more strongly angled posterior margin of the anterior process of the jugal, wide lateral exposure of the quadratojugal, and a short symphyseal process of the dentary. The cladistic analyses consistently recover the Alaskan saurolophine as the sister taxon to Edmontosaurus annectens + Edmontosaurus regalis.
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Osteology and Relationships of Olorotitan Arharensis, a Hollow−Crested Hadrosaurid Dinosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of Far Eastern Russia
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The Lambeosaurine Dinosaur Amurosaurus Riabinini, from the Maastrichtian of Far Eastern Russia
The lambeosaurine dinosaur Amurosaurus riabinini, from the Maastrichtian of Far Eastern Russia PASCAL GODEFROIT, YURI L. BOLOTSKY, and JIMMY VAN ITTERBEECK Godefroit, P., Bolotsky, Y.L., and Van Itterbeeck, J. 2004. The lambeosaurine dinosaur Amurosaurus riabinini, from the Maastrichtian of Far Eastern Russia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (4): 585–618. Amurosaurus riabinini Bolotsky and Kurzanov, 1991 (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) is described on the basis of numerous disarticulated bones from the Maastrichtian Udurchukan Formation of Blagoveschensk, Far Eastern Russia. Compari− sons with North American palynozones and their well−calibrated ages suggest that this formation is late Maastrichtian in age. It is shown that A. riabinini is a valid species, characterised by cranial and postcranial autapomorphies. A phylogen− etic analysis, based on 40 cranial, dental, and postcranial characters, indicates that this taxon occupies a relatively basal position within the lambeosaurine subfamily as the sister−taxon of a monophyletic group formed by the parasauroloph and corythosaur clades. This cladogram also demonstrates that lambeosaurines have an Asian origin. In eastern Asia, lambeosaurine dinosaurs dominate late Maastrichtian dinosaur localities, whereas this group is apparently no longer rep− resented in synchronous localities from western North America. Key words: Dinosauria, Lambeosaurinae, Amurosaurus riabinini, phylogeny, palaeogeography, Late Cretaceous, Russia. Pascal Godefroit [[email protected]], Department of Palaeontology, Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, rue Vautier 29, 1 000 Brussels, Belgium; Yuri L. Bolotsky [[email protected]], Amur Natural History Museum, Amur KNII FEB RAS, per. Relochny 1, 675 000 Blagoveschensk, Russia; Jimmy Van Itterbeeck [[email protected]], Aspirant FWO−Vlaanderen, Afdeling Historische Geologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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That Species from Trachodon As the Type of a New Genus, Stephanosaurus
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Palaeontologia Electronica a THREE-DIMENSIONAL
Palaeontologia Electronica http://palaeo-electronica.org A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANIMATION MODEL OF EDMONTOSAURUS (HADROSAURIDAE) FOR TESTING CHEWING HYPOTHESES Natalia Rybczynski, Alex Tirabasso, Paul Bloskie, Robin Cuthbertson, and Casey Holliday ABSTRACT Here we describe a 3-D animated model of the craniodental system of a hadro- saur, developed for testing hypotheses of feeding kinematics. The model was created from scanned cranial elements of an Edmontosaurus regalis paratype (CMN 2289). Movements within the model were created in animation software using inverse kine- matics and a wiring system composed of cranial elements. The model was used to reproduce the pleurokinetic hypothesis of hadrosaur chewing. The pleurokinetic hypothesis, formally developed in the 1980s, proposed that hadrosaurs employed transverse chewing movements via cranial kinesis. Specifically during the powerstroke the maxillae were abducted. This is the first model to allow investigation into secondary intracranial movements that must have occurred in order for the skull to accommodate the primary, pleurokinetic movements. This study found secondary movements to be extensive among the joints of the palate and face. Further refinement and development of the model, including the integration of soft-tissue structures, will allow for a more in-depth examination of the pleurokinetic hypothesis and comparison with alternative feeding hypotheses. Natalia Rybczynski. Research Services (Palaeobiology), Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443 STN “D” Ottawa, ON, K1P 6P4, Canada [email protected]. Alex Tirabasso. Information Management and Technology Services, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443 STN “D” Ottawa, ON, K1P 6P4, Canada [email protected] Paul Bloskie. Arius3D, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443 STN “D” Ottawa, ON, K1P 6P4, Canada [email protected] Robin Cuthbertson.
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