®otensoo & Himmismi Slim. C!Jcl
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INCLUDING A PLAT BOOK OF Till-: Villages, Cities and Townships ofthe County. Map of the State, United States and World. Patrons Directory, Reference Business Directory and Departments devoted to General Information. Analysis ofthe System of U.S. Land Surveys, Digest of the System of Civil Government, etc. etc.
Compiled and Published by Geo. A. Ogle & Co. Chicago, Assisted in Record Work and Platting by Current-Heffron Abstract Company, Dickinson, North Dakota
~— . : Geo. A.Obw & Co , PI T BLISIIBKS & KMJRAVEKS. CHICAGO. C 5? J
Co/jyng/tt/9/4- 6yGea,l0g/e X Co.
Tf\BLE OF CONTENTS
G&N&Rflb INDEX.
PAGE PAGE TITLE PAGE 3 ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF UNITED STATES LAND TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 SURVEYS m 8-9 OUTLINE MAP OF STARK COUNTY DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT ... 56-57 MAP OF THE STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA III-VI MAP OF THE UNITED STATES 60-61 GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING BANKING AND
MAP OF THE WORLD 64-65 BUSINESS METHODS Supplement VII-VIII PATRONS’ REFERENCE DIRECTORY, STARK COUNTS 67 ANCIENT. MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY CHRON- ILLUSTRATIONS 81 OLOGICALLY ARRANGED Supplement X-XXI1I
STf^RK COUNTY INDEX
PAGE PAGE BELFIELD, PLAT OF 15 TOWNSHIP 138 N„ RANGE 93 W 28 DICKINSON, PLAT OF 12-13 TOWNSHIP 138 N„ RANGE 94 W 32 GAYLORD, TOWNSHIP 52 TOWNSHIP 138 N., RANGE 95 W 36 GLADSTONE, PLAT OF 16-17 TOWNSHIP 138 N.. RANGE 96 W., 40 GRAND MEADOW TOWNSHIP 51 TOWNSHIP 138 N.. RANGE 97 W.. 44 GREEN RIVER TOWNSHIP 42 TOWNSHIP 138 N.. RANGE 98 W.. 48 HEART RIVER TOWNSHIP 33 TOWNSHIP 138 N., RANGE 99 W 52 RADER TOWNSHIP 36 TOWNSHIP 139 N., RANGE 91 W., 21 RICHARDTON, PLAT OF 18 TOWNSHIP 139 N.. RANGE 92 W 25 SIMPSON TOWNSHIP 47 TOWNSHIP 139 N., RANGE 93 W„ 29 SOUTH HEART, PLAT OF 16-17 TOWNSHIP 139 N.. RANGE 94 W., 33 STARK COUNTY, OUTLINE MAP OF 8-9 TOWNSHIP 139 N., RANGE 95 W 37
SUB OF S. W. i OF S. W. 1 SEC. 33, T. 140 N., TOWNSHIP 139 N.. RANGE 96 W., 41 R. 96 W 13 TOWNSHIP 139 N., RANGE 97 W., 45 TAYLOR, PLAT OF 17 TOWNSHIP 139 N.. RANGE 98 W 49 ZENITH, PLAT OF 16 TOWNSHIP 139 N., RANGE 99 W 53 TOWNSHIP AND RANGE INDEX TOWNSHIP 140 N.. RANGE 91 W., 22 TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 91 W., 19 TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 92 W., 26 TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 92 W., 23 TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 93 W„ 30 TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 93 W 27 TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 94 W., 34 TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 94 W., 31 TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 95 W., 38 TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 96 W 42 TOWNSHIP 137 N , RANGE 95 W 35 TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 96 W 39 TOWNSHIP 140 N.. RANGE 97 W 46 TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 97 W 43 TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 98 W 50 TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 98 W 47 TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 99 W 54 TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 99 W., 51 TOWNSHIP 141 N.. RANGE 91 W., PART OF 22 TOWNSHIP 138 N.. RANGE 91 W., 20 TOWNSHIP 141 N., RANGE 92 W., PART OF 26 TOWNSHIP 138 N., RANGE 92 W 24 TOWNSHIP 141 N., RANGE 93 W.. PART OF .30 INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS
Pack Pack Prize Winning Exhibit of Stark County Armory, Dickinson, 81 Hanson. C. B 81 Hartung, T. N 81 Products . ... 85 Boating on Green River S3 Harvest Picnic, near Dickinson S9 Rebmann. Gottfried. Home of 89 Bobb, Milton, Residence of 89 Heart River Scene. Dickinson 83 Reetz. August nnd Family 83 Bobb, M. M., Scene on farm of SS Holm, August S3 Richards. W I. 81 Braulick, Mr. nnd Mrs. Joseph S3 Hughes, Delbert SI Roquette, Frank A ...81 Breum, John H S3 Hector, Scenes on farm of S7 Immigration Caravan through Dickinson 89 Brunett, St. Charles Hotel nnd Hotel Kilim, Dick- Jessen Block. Dickinson 81 inson 87 Carnegie Public Library. Dickinson S7 Johnson, A. 0 83 St. John's Episcopal Church. Dickinson 8S Church of Shefield 8S Jurgens, Herman, Home of 89 St. Joseph’s Church, Dickinson 85 City Hall, Dickinson SI St. Joseph’s Hospital. Dick Elks Home. Dickinson 87 McDonald. Thomas Jefferson 85 Selim. ill. J. W M Kugevik. Mr. and Mrs. H. .. . 85 Maerz. Jacob and Family 85 Shurtliff. James H . Outfit of 89 Ever. Wilson S3 Main Street. Richardton S3 Sims Street. Dickinson 89 Maser. Fred 81 Stark County Court Hnus«-. Dickinson 81 Fisher. John. Residence of S7 Masonic Temple. Dickinson 87 Sunile, Thormod 89 Fries*. Peter. Scene on farm of 87 Mischel. Adam F 81 Swenuing, NelsG., Photograph from 83 Moscowitz, Ch s 81 Gabe. Adam. Residence of 87 Turner. C. C 81 Gardner. Mr. and Mrs. Wm 85 Nadolski. John SI Vetterlein, August 2 Gilmore. Mr. and Mrs. Geo S3 New High School Building, 'Dickinson 89 Villnrd Street, Dickinson 2 Gilmore. Geo.. Residence of 89 Grain Train near Hitliday ...... 87 Obritsclikewitsch, Frank, Scene on farm of. . 87 Zinimeruiann, Marcus, Scene on farm of 89 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/standardatlasofgeoand 12 -£ Sui, ~£m~£M~ 13 SEC 33 r /40H/> 96 H- 'p00^0 800/'£ jo/ cftcJi 1 e II ?ac. YOC/NC'S /M/?A r f™ 71 ' 3 ?;6 * $ » Sae. ^'vaf 5 Of. * f 2a /.f. D ^ £ V * Bozpcr'e 1/ * '1 -9c. S?.A. Sac sac ' wm 9kT9ye Co. S U 4 v J JSZa.r-it/ze’ c/J JCr-cye ! $ A^ar $ DICKINSON s-esac v COUNTY SEAT 2T STARK CO., NR, A* A TWJ? 239 AT. 22. 96 TY. Jco/e. 2'2‘S 22 Co 2 cncA. (tyDriffWSW byCeaA.Off/e&Co. S/XTS* ~~ 1? SJ S 3 9 x * 1 ;$g:± - X ZKSSL ' ,.,9>GfY'VB77< ip- -•Sp: TUI 3 TO ; ss o so P , 3 dfiW 9 t— 4 3^D CEJ : 77 f ' * 5 .5 &A/R/V£-/-l- ^ n SCM45, PI H U,¥r 3 S 00 B m P & F %UOA/AS AS/TCS/eS- C 3 r pipH 00 3 '.* SC T2E2L RSj m 97~^.£ >3Zum ~ - "I -^44/PpJ 'b'ti.THeteUs. PA&rie- szy.C/ jgfo-vX*5~a j / / \W/Vrt'f stoe ,2<5 SFicsseZt- StfiLZer JO>r c/Ct sort Jrfh’CCrng & n y/'t'r'e Caress Sr-ycBr C° . s e xo- > s rcA- ss s SOU 77# tfg Amyire JxleaZ A^Ca Ce <3o ACoE~Cy ay e Co. cCc?2z zCZ 2Ro:’-zot.cgh 7-40 TW1>. /392V.J2 99 W ^3 co/e. <300fif . S eric* . ^z^ ' 33 ~™r~ ~^71 A 73 k <0 3 ,, s 73 3 3 33 . i )o » i 3 70 . 3 30 6T Z 3G i~\ 7& \ . 73 3 33 • 3 Z4 3 7-t V t ' 73 4 Z3 : 3 ze 3 33 . e 77 a ^ : 7 3o 7 30 . 9 .. A «£_ | TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 91 W.||§t Scale (finches to 1 mile IMS ill ISS82 39 7a S3 SB | jJxiy Daniel OHo HeitAe" 1'i'ticfCo/ls ns- 1 !i s' 8a „ Chn'sf. Tkubaua\ L_L^i? *3 Daniel &. IWHohhe Noubouer^ Johonn Nucholls F Mdsser .#1i.'rj Hor-sch - I60 t H 'erlh Chnshat. lingerie/} (fadf —Marlin GoHf)-ied 'Sievert fCalherina *Jo-se Wirning ‘Worno/J Eliz abeih lelknaus vmench Marhn -pivep? GWatiofleS Chris ban Fiiednch Nuckolls yjunkerf- Phillip dan her t Jacob Jose G-W.a J-faHce & W-BhfoHi Dcuiiel Nucltblls Cuchol/s Christ jiuch >5 oiler ihrisi , Con l Juch I .Aisenbi J-Jeinrich Luilh/e John-Schafz Mogslodl FriedericKo feiifhle Thomas JeffersotrNbdSoll Magdalena Hirning •Jacob. JYanqy Chr/shon Soi/ej O - Com JLuithlejt Wm Sailer Solomon fCarl Amman. luilhle I60 School - lano IrorljLulthle JIalhlosmsy1 HETTINGER 20 ^TOWNSHIP 138 N., RANGE 91 W. OF THE 5th P. M. Scale \% inches to I mile co. MORTON TOWNSHIP 139 N., RANGE 91 W.tffg ; Scale \% inches to I mile IVe idhard 1 fieidhordl i«/ John sSladinq Chrishc \urKhardl Steiqer -°-r in & Prtdeaf- H A nderson North d/koTa JVicolaus h>onbauer Theodore /Anil Kindsvc Kmdi\ggalr F W Schoenfeld .John >Schrrnr5L Phillip. Reiger F J Van Orsdol a Adam Hoff las Van Orsdol Jacob Kvian ?cHineb J/einnchDied • i neicfcr •o' Shpadahl FrealencK Chos Hoioley /VnitJI Aon^' a Jnv Schneider FO’l'sar •John ICit-zoni Jacob 7r I60 * NORTH DAK OT/ Blolh Pbrlh'vcs/err. John Impl Co i Part of Township 141 N., Range 91 Wj||| DUNN Scale 1% inches to I mile c/iai'/esI OWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 91 W.(W| Scale 1% inches to I mile -&T&S 3-zm ~JV~94\34. 33 $492* 333JT 34Ns\3-rN4 4 -3 ' s ' -r * * . y^/vyt 4 4 —/ -|- /- P ^ _ SUN Nt/ <9 tYi{£\ani $ 40 ?£$- 9 v te s* ?'*» sld ’ '* ^ " ;«C v $ PS s 1 e j£,ocz cS Jr^ofine J^r'c^cC 2 - ‘'fr rriez. ', Fy-aiifc lTOWNSHIP 137 N„ RANGE 92 W Scale \\ inches to I mile ^TOWNSHIP B8N., RANGE 92 W.ffSp Scale I finches to I mile 25 Part of Township 141 N., Range 92 W Scale I % inches to I mile TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 92 WJffl Scale \% inches to I mile 34.4s ,54- ?S\3-t-2T m 'OWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 93 WJBp TOWNSHIP 138 N., RANGE 93 & Scale \% inches to 1 mile 40^3 i <.4oji\4afs* 1 2 i A it h\ 5 JDcHaca 4Qj s/:iscrtgiz or Cou.r'intTif' , 13 —•Hd.mc.t&Z SvarzcC RIVER School Jjand HEART 36 G-tO Part of Township 141 N., Range 93 W. Scale \% inches to I mile TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 93 Wifi Scale 1% inches to I mil e 38 o&\38 40 30. 3V 30-73 <38. 05 |37. IS j rVn\ ScAuizmauz jao H 94 W k TOWNSHIP 1 37 N. t RANGE Scale 1% inches to 1 mile Wehner }.DucKhor Ochwal Adorn. Arthur Godint Ihcmo Jacob. Joe i DcmintcK Bari) Keller Arthur Godmg jtnlon Llppf* Lena Sot/; Merla fC Reiner Henry JVtffoll us Martin John \5chneidcr Morgenfholcr Jas-McryerOn! Philip Weber] Margaret Hrieger Bon Hanson &.J. friendson TronK C.Morris bar l Morgen thaler Tht l ip Weber from Bcryer Anton Ha Marh Jos Mcryer'Gxtt/ Hitfolaus Jos McryenC^t Peter Weyesscry Peter Staol fifCo/aus Schroeder Fkhr Wegesser SfidfZroui^ ^Fbhn Marty I o-'- ft/er JbchtL ten SMctfer idhattser ,jrj£. John ftiendal Warrx/iroht Conrad. Franz Pahr JftichaeL Herotd err tosch 7Co jus • Trs HETTINGER RADER TOWNSHIP 140 N„ RANGE 94 W.II Scale I finches to 1 milo DUNN iF/oyat \Partfs' .1u£usta WrlAelm, Jlenches School- land yVu*- Wenzel J Robert Muech', • ALiet/Ce MJZ Robert Mu-e c fee i Albert ICoesoV J WBitrHhcm -bf CJriieLHe TWJR | ! ( : TOWNSHIP 137N., RANGE 95 W.(® Scale \% inches to I mile TWP 1 33 33 9,? 33 3 5 33 Wet '^mar. Cohn £J //GO 'rthcLrt Will '(con£ 1 /Go 36 TOWNSHIP 138 N„ RANGE 95 Wj OF THE 5th P. M. Scale 1% inches to I mile RADER TOWNSHIP 37 ^TOWNSHIP 139 N., RANGE 95 OF THE 5th P. M. Scale \% inches to 1 mile ilH VEH RADER EWP J jtTOWNSHIP 140 N„ RANGE 95 WJ§g Scale \% inches to 1 mile 43.70 -t3 S5'-t-i.OC '-{4. IS | FVsS. J^eZiorz. I | TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 96 W.^f§|=- - Scale \% inches to I mile ScAaaL-&. >r-J2, 5 -51 •te/icrrt )/ I 96 Wj|j|& tOWNSHIP 138 N. f RANGE Scale \% inches to I mile Privrahfty- Mim Miller dALJj John Jacob Prtvrals\ PF O'Wei 'Wilhelm Hoteen buet ler ICn W-5 71irley John Khbischba. J!a MiHh Wolberg ZOUII Splhov, Gixf- Wkholas Wo/bot Krebs boc Frond DuHb Anion Jacob Krebs -.h bo IfCv/mat Ho lion d\DoKolo j L on d 6 oucbCo [ dd(IVd Olheiser —& TOWNSHIP 139 N., RANGE 96 W.« Scale \% inches to 1 mile 4o4& >46- fo-J>5\ 39.9GV35 ct'IT'a f) 38 3 31 * i *Jh X' 1 TvL_ j /• / - ' * ATr3r&— Frc/e $i'mp&<0/z!£&o/z3e/~pe <90 <9a\ <90 1 4, cpcin */on*? Scale 1% inches to 1 mile GREEN RIVER TOWNSHIP 95 37.00 / 4i> es' oe 396>7\39 J-f 1 3 \ er^F'rY2fZ 7c f n j - -4/t — ^ \ i r > r /£> S» "AL | -/<3» SOuaCor'e Jl Pt-T/cL^ lb* teo ^ V ^Sieoe ^ , Pe?ru£tfe Pziu l t est e /fio teo / ti - licAe/c n ^\/s^ 1 teo 'Ve/iyicS TOWNSHIP 137 N.. RANGE 97 W.i| | OF THE 5th P. M. Scale \% inches to I mile N O S F' IM S r- 1 : TOWNSHIP 138 N., RANGE 97 Wifi Scale 1% inches to I mile *2 -»? r M - Kenzie St Clair Anthen Outfl-o/ Ho Cianct DaKoia iTterstC Land bouuCo Joseph Tora/C JCostelechl I JC*‘ Timofei 7osef/Duor Joseph Duora/f Hy/ollfens .Armte M Leo Morh Vfan Horten. Colbert Kcsllechy Gnl Joseph Lac •-hsepti hbstelectCy Joseph Roller Anton Stme/£ Cent LcnJiart. Jterauf •Jos. I’roehUch Joseph TroehJich, Alt Iter Wendelj'nJmnl 'tts/ Gohsta Bartlett tlos ft Cahsla Bartlett 'Wilson Cim Wilhelm Meyer STATE of NORTH DAKOT, Chas Mos tCo uiCt . TOWNSHIP 139 N., RANGE 97 W. ' PTOWNSHIP J 40 N„ RANGE 97 W,n Scale (finches to I mile DUNN JosephjpuArop Albert Qutcrop 3. Haoel Ha ?H Bundle LudwigMt Trodtch yrpJrJPidl B Ho'-eJHa Ludtvig Melz Max HccKcr STATE of NORTH DAKOTA John Marsh" JosephHon dl Jos HandI Anion Burda JohnJAorsh John Marsh. Boehm John Marsh Joseph Hond, A 6/nifslrorr. Joseph Zohrbdm It ms huh I.ouiJ fhfrJcKo RIVER A (J Etpslrom Lotus ThhtcKn NORTH DAKOTA'! GREEK ( 47 pTOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 98 W.| OF THE 5th RM. Scale 1% inches to 1 mile SIMPSON TOWNSHIP MEADOW GRAND TOWNSHIP 138 N., RANGE 98 W.lfg Scale \% inches to 1 mile Wm. zS Werner* TJVI> I I TOWNSHIP 139N., RANGE 98 Wjfg Scale I finches to I mile +ory KlerA Berg Truelien Holland Holland iifh DoHolah Holland DoKola Land bow Co wm Londbouuj Co DM Holt Hoflond Dakota Londbow Co BotH Julia Finqer JI/77 Kennedy Hdpry IJ Donahue KeH^pcomp V-JKennt Michael Kennedy M £ Dillon Meulcmom IIV/) M'ell^ncamf F van Gilse feJland DalColo Londboa School land Wm Kennedy C HJJchlindtr [ John atoltiom frrmh’ h udrr Harold Tfmolhy * l^r \ Jewell O'Connor R H Johnson 1 l ot* II. f,:r Holland DoKola iltand LandbovuwCo 7/-’ Motom -.'.'timothy A Garvey pic 1 60 JHceff Holland STATE SCHOOL LAND Holland. Dakota I.ondboia Co Clarence Ludwig C ParKer ) TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 98 W.W Scale \% inches to 1 mile BILLING 5 DUNN MKe | Custer' Artfon' Jfella M Sdurards Lifer- Jiassen Lorenz WocJT Woehe Jnfon WoflCnh Lorenz Nthc. Itiin/z / Wenzel I Jfubas JoeJ ffubas John P Joseph Hubo • TranK Hostel ec FronK Kizbas '.ob H/eU FronK H Dilley FronK J. PuJc/le Albert John P HM Faertknai E Maas Galbraith VM Gilmore Yen cel JedhthCa. North west Wenzel Zaremchuch Atarsson Omen Mandoiu Merc Co Hermon\C. Basil ScroboJ Knechte J John HozoK H H JJidiots stern \Jmp Co L.J Jumps on )L LAND /Ans Anna 3tone James KrimcuK TOWNSHIP 137 N., RANGE 99 Wi®p Scale 1% inches to I mile GRAND MEADOW TOWNSHIP OOO 40 02 | rU\M J.: rz.-JOS-l \(ei7zQUS i sv&c^£orz2i pTOWNSHIP 138 N., RANGE 99 W|§§» Scale 1 % inches to I mile GAYLORD TOWNSHIP V3rr3&\47735 ! Z 1; sg/V;'1 r s i r Z. ott c s ' yW * er-(r/z teo ij I 4 GRAND MEADOW TOWNSHIP 139 N„ RANGE 99 W.i«fe Scale I % inches to I mile oo In ctergaa ret \ ytzo sift'fca.tofc /rfc Cartt/A TU'P i TOWNSHIP 140 N., RANGE 99 Wi®) Scale 1% inches to I mile I* I / MAl.fyee E&rQ^bach Pt-oKop Altxfhy^czoH trenf i •p^ros/Ci front* Moa^ir Nicholas Repo lows hi) ImSta Fred W Ihnson Nefiring Ymrnaflfh E-J.Marlin Michat Jos L Hill Frank GPfeld 5/elmoszezuA Mrs Af-SOls dieIs Haobo! !e Esh Jessue A Si-andl Iddie L Marlho d. Foster J Or ]\uUanqy i Philet Dcow Wosyl Dojyniu k W/bur 'ann Stick Both >J ohp Marlin Andrew D mifro JohnsoA Dolynfuk Rei boldt Andrew Johnson GeoJ Wright iullaneg August WTichfei NORTH DAKOTA. ss~.s.t Jdni lied at a Ttr- rilary. ilatxh t, Bl»ci E-rtbold, r 7 Zralind, P 13. Berwick. P 12 Zroltb. 1,3... ! Blclurd, j 17 i Zlaa, E XI.,., A S wawSSI gg*a&nag. ,'W '; W • Dgfrff tep pi| #iT'“ INo Aoi /OAUUm R'° pu«coV^Tp^ 8tu«y|-fa Lu» ^Aa//$, co, Sax I AhTONlo ( 'Coo*„ S^MaxcaJ Ratbtox; *-* C j] *HAli ffiAnJosE AUSIIf Madeba /CUiitoo SCALE OF MIL L'GUI'* Sosa I jCuArtoCir > OuADAlUPI - ‘vsst'S Dimension* of the Earth. Railroad Mileage of the World. *J Dumrter ... 1 \FKIC.\i folcgruph Milongo of tho World. PATRONS’ REFERENCE DIRECTORY OF- Stark; County, Nortlo Dakota EXPLANATION.—The abbreviations are as follows : S. for Section, T. for Township, R. for Range, P O. for Post-office address. \\ here no Section Number is it that the party resides within the or Township given, will be understood limits of the village or city named, and, in such cases, the post-office address is the same as the place of residence, unless otherwise stated. I’. O.Tnylor. Mr. Abraham 1904. He is married to Katherine Slier; they are the parents of Abrnliam, Alex, 1'ariner, S. 27, T. 140, R. 93, Boulger & Hughes, (J. V. Boulger and E. J. Hughes) Furniture, Carpets was born in Minnesota in 1878 and settled in Stark County in 1907. four children. and Undertaking, Dickinson, Established 1902. He is married to Anna Benson; they are the parents of two children. Berg, John E., Farmer, S. 24, T 138, R. 99, P. O. Zenith. Mr. Berg Boyuin, John, (Firm of English & Boyurn) Lumber and Building Materinl, Abrahamsen, Christian, Farmer, S. 14, T. 139. R. 99, 1’. O. Helfield. was born iu Sweden in 1870 and settled in Stark County in 1909. Belfield. Mr. Boyuin has served us Councilman. Bergenheier, Mr. Abrahamsen was born in Norway in 1840 and settled in Stark Adam, Faimer, S. 10, T. 137, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Bratberg, Peter. Farmer, S. 31, T 139, R. 93, P. U. Taylor. Mr. Brat- 1905. Bergenheicr Countv in 1883. was born in Hungary in 1875 and settled in Stark berg was bom in Norway in 1861 and settled in Stnrk County iu Alcott. Eva M.. Fanning, S. 30, T. 139, R. 95, I’. O. Dickinson. 1907. County in 1906. He is married to Katie Rech; they have four 1892, He is married lo Carrie Vinger; they are the parents of five Allen, Frank A., Farmer, S. IS, T. 138, R. 92, 1*. O. Riclmrdton. Mr. children. children. Allen was born in Michigan in 1S64 and settled in Stark County in Berger. Frank, Farmer, S. 24, T. 138, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Braun, Peter, (With Dickinson Roller Milling Co.) Grain and Rancher, 1907. He is married to Hedwig Lenz; they are the parents oi one Berger was born in Russia in 1855 and settled in Stark County in Dickinson. child. 1902. He is married to Rosy Heidt; they are the parents of eight Braulick, Joseph. Farmer, S. 33. T. 141, R. 92, P. O. Richnrdton. Mr. Alpert, Otto, Farmer, S. 17, T. 138, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Al- children. Mr. Berger served in the Russia and Turkey War 1877- Braulick wns born in Russia in 1SS8 and settled in Stnrk Countv in pert was born in Germany in 1868 and settled in Stark County in 1878. 1913. Berger, F., Farmer, S. T. 141, R. 91. P. O. Richardton. Mr. 1884. He is married to Mngdolena Lippert; they are the parents John 30. Breum, H. L., Farmer and Rancher, S. 26, T. 140, R. 93, I*. O. Taylor, of six children. Berger was born in Russia in 1864 and settled in Stark County in Mr. Breum was born in Wisconsin in 1871 ami came lo Stark County Altman, Martin, Farmer, S. 28, T. 138, R. 98, P. O. Doglum. Mr. Alt- 1900. He is married and is the father of nine children, in 1881. He is married to Isabella Olson; they are the parents of man was liorn in Wisconsin in 1888 and settled in Stark County in Berry, H. C., Attorney at Law, Dickinson. 1904. four children. He is married to Marian R Rosencrance. Bichigi, Adam, Farmer, S. 12, T. 140, R. 92, P. O. kicliardton. Mr. Breun, John H., Real Estate and Loans, Riclurdtou. 1883. Richardton. Mr. Aman Am.m, Jacob, Farmer, S. 24, T. 140, R. 93, P. O. Bichigi was born in Hungary in 1870 and settled in Stnrk County in Brinkmeyer, Chas. E., Farmer, S. 34, T. 137, R. 96, P. O. New England. Stark in 1908. was born in Russia in 1S71 and settled in County 1894. He is married to Verriu Wasdak; they are the parents of one Mr. Brinkmeyer was born iu Ohio in 1872 and settled in Stark parents of seven He is married to Agatha Eckroth; they are the child. County in 1906. He is married lo Mary Pertner; they are the par- children. Biel, Adam, Farmer, S. 10. T. 137, R. 95, P. O. Dickiuson. Mr. Biel was ents of two children. Mr. Anderson, Christian, Farmer, S. 30, T. 139, R. 98, P. O. Belfield. born in Hungary in 1853 and settled iii Stark County in 1S97. He Brinster, George, Farmer, S. 30. T. 137, R. 96, P O. Scliefield. Mr. Anderson was born in .Norway in 1885 and settled in Stark County is married to Elizabeth Heintz; they nre the parents of five children. Brinster was born iu Russia in 1872 and settled in Stark County in in 1906. Biel, Ernest, Farmer, S. 10, T. 137, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Biel 1900. He is mnrried to Mngdelenn Seliuger; they nre the parents Anderson, Gus, Farmer, S. 4, T. 138, R. 99, P. O. Belfield. Mr. Ander- was born in Hungary in 1S75 and settled in Stark County in 1897. of seven children. in son was liorn in Norway in 1858 and settled in Stark County He is married to Mary Arnolds. Brittner, Jacob, Farmer, S. 20, T. 137, R. 97, P. O. Scliefield. Mr. 1883. He is married to Ellen Haskins; they nre the parents of Biel, Nick, Farmer, S. 14, T. 137, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Biel was Brittuer was born in Russin in 1881 and settled in Stnrk County in three children. born in Hungary in 1883 and settled in Stark County in 1897. He 1907. He is married to Minnie Mischel; they are the parents of Anton, Jacob, Farmer, S. 2S, T. 13S, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Anton is married to Theresa Lech: they are the parents of four children. two children. Stark County in 1893. Scliefield. Mr. Bill- was born in Hungary in 1866 and settled in Billman, Jacob, Farmer, S. 8, T. 137, R. 96, P. O. Brodie, J. F., Real Estate, General Manager The Consolidated Coni Co., He is married to Annie Weldi; they are the parents of seven chil- man was born in Russia in 1S75 and settled in Stark County in 1903. Dickinson. 1893. Anton, Joseph, Farmer, S. 1, T. 137, R. 95, P. O. Lefor. Mr. Auton was He is married to Mary Bast; they are the parents of four children. Brodmann, Louis, Farmer, S. 2S, T. 139, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. born lu Hungary in 1875 and settled in Stark County in 1892. He Binstock, Jos. J.. Farmer, S. 14, T. 137, R. 97, P. O. Scliefield. Mr. Brodnmnn was born in Austria in 1874 mid settled iu Stark County is married to Regina Schafer; they are the parents of five children, Bihstock was born in Russia in 18S2 and settled in Stark Couuty in in 1909. He is married to Louisa Richter; they are the parents of dren. 1899. He is married to Regina Roller; they are the parents of four three children. Anton, Nick, Farmer, S. 2S, T. 138, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Anton children. Brookings, R. S., Rancher, Breeder of Belgian and Percheron Horses, S, was born in Hungnry in 1877 and settled in Stark County in 1S95. Birgenheier, Franz, Farmer, S. 13, T. 137, R. 94, P. O. Lefor. Mr. Bir- 10, T. 139, R. 92, P. O. Richnrdton. Mr. Brookings was born in He is married to Anna Lech; they are the parents of four children. genheier was born in Hungary in 1879 and settled in Stark County Maine in 185S and settled in Stnrk County in 1880. Arndt, Andrew L., Farmer, S. 21, T. 137, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. in 1905. He is married to Mary Ekkert; they are the parents of Brown, John, Farmer, S. 30. T 138, R. 92, 1*. 6. Richardton. Mr. Brown Arndt was Ixirn in Minnesota in 1S72 and settled in Stark County five children. was born iu Hungary iu 1857 and settled in Stnrk County in 1889. in 19U6. He is married to Mary Killian; they are the parents of two Bishop & Knoop, (E. P. Bishop & Walter Knoop) The City Drug Store, He is married lo Annie Meyer; they have five children. children. Mr. Arndt has served as School Director. Drugs and Stationery, Belfield. Brown. Martin. Farmer, S. 23, T. 139, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Arne, John, Farmer, S. 4, T. 137, R. 98, P. O. Daglum. Mr. Arne was Bishop & Wiebke, (E. P. Bishop & Geo. C. Wiebke) Dealers iu Shelf and Brown was born in Russia in 1888 and came to Stark County in born in Norway in 1874 and settled in Stark County in 1906. He is Heavy Hardware, Furniture and Undertaking, Belfield. 1S92. He is married to Fruncis Helfrich; they ure the parents of married to Mary Thompson; they are the parents of four children. Blusy, Martin, Farmer, S. 10, T. 137, R. 94, P. O. Lefor. Mr. Blnsy was one child. Arne, Lars A., Farmer, S. 10, T 137, R. 98. P. O. Dagluui. Mr. Arne born in Hungary in 1870 and settled in Stark County in 1895. He Brown, Thomas, Farmer, S. 23, T. 139, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. and settled in Stark County in 1906. is married to Katie Martin; they nre the parents ol eight children. was born in Norway in 1S79 Brunelle, Majorique, Farmer, S. 8, T 137, R. 99. P. O. Gaylord. Mr. parents of three Farmer, S 4. T. 138, R. P. O. Richardton. Mr. Bleier He is mnrried to Lizzie Underlain!; they are the Bleier, 1\, 92, Brunelle was born in Canada iu 1S75 nud settled in Stnrk County iu Township Constable. was born iu Germany in 1849 and settled in Stark County in 18S6. children. Mr. Arne has served as 1906. He is married to Anna Sauvngeau; they arc the parents of children. Arnold, Bernard, Editor Der Volksfreund, Richardton He is married to Margaret Roether; they have six seven children. P. O. Lefor. Mr. Bloom, Robt. Max, Farmer, S. S, T. 139, R. 93, P. O. Taylor. Mr. Bloom Avender,' Mathias, Farmer, S. 12, T. 137, R. 95, Brunet, Hector, Farmer, S. 24, T 137, R. 99, P. O. Gnvlord. Mr. Brunet in Stark County born in in 1868 and settled in Stark County in 1SS3. Avender was corn in Hungary in 1859 and settled was Germany was born in New York in 1872 and settled in Stark Countv iu 1967. in 1905. He is married to Barbara Bartole; they are the parents of He is married to Bertha Shableu; they are the parents of four cliil- Buckley, D. J., Farmer, S 4, T 137, R. 98, I*. O Daglum. Mr. Buck- thirteen children. ley was liorn in New York in 1864 and settled in Stark County in Dickinson. Bobb, M., Farmer, S. 12. T. 139, R. 93, P. O. Taylor. Mr. Bobb was Ayers, M. L., Publisher The Dickinson Press, M. 1905. Mr. Buckley is married to Carrie Johnson; they are the Illinois in 1S64 settled in Stark County in 1SS7. He is born in and parents of five children. Mr. Buckley lias served ns President of four children. Mr. married to Anna Hagen; they nre the parents of School Board and Chairman of Township Board. Baeir has as President School Board. Baeir, Alfred, Farmer, S. 10, T. 137, R. 97. P. O. Scliefield. Mr. Bobb served Bump, Albert, Farmer, S 32, T. 138. R. 99, P. O Gaylord. Mr. Bmnp Farmer, T, R. P. Zenith. Mr. Bogers was born in Romania in 1874 and settled in Stark County in 1907. Bogers. John, S. 5, 139, 98, O. was born iu New York in 1852 and settled in Stark County in 1908. in Holland in 18S2 and settled iu Stark County in 1910. 1-Ie is mnrried to Christena Flat; they have one child. was born He is mnrried to Mell Macy; they arc the parents of one child. lo Gerrettie Voorst. Bailey, Guy A., Farmer, S. 6, T. 137, R. 99, P. O. Gaylord. Mr. Bailey He is married Burnett, M. M., Manager, Dickinson Abstract and Real Estate Co, Ab- 13S, R. P. O. Gladstone. Mr. was born in Minnesota in 1880 and settled in Stnrk County in 1907. Bogtier, Frank, Farmer, S. 15, T. 94, stractor, Loans and Real Estate, Dickinson. iu Hungarv iu 1858 and settled iu Stark County He is married to Emily Miller; they nre the parents of four children. Bogner wus born Burwick, Albert, Former, S. 26, T. 137, R, 98, P. O. Daglum. Mr. Bur- 1907. Banyai, Karl, Farmer, S. 7. T. 137, R. 94, P. O. Lefor. Mr Banvni was in wick was born in Iowa in 1876 anil settled in Stark County in 1906. Peter, Farmer, S. T. 137, R. 94, P. O. Lefor. Mr. Bogner born in Hungary in 1886 and settled in Stark County in 1903. He Bogner, 18, He is married to Mary Peterson; they nre the parents of one child. born iu Hungary iu I860 and settled in Stark County iu 1903. is married to Sussana Leppert; tliev are the parents of three children. was Burwick, Anton, Farmer, S. 26, T. 137, R. 98. P. (). Daglum. Mr. S. IS, T. 137, R. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Bauer, Conrad, Farmer, S. 32. T. 139, R. 98, P. U. Zenith. Mr. Bauer was Bohling, William, Farmer, 95, Burwick was born iu Norway in 1S43 and settled in Stark County iu 1904. Bolding was born in Gemianv iu 1873 and settled in Sturk Couuty born in Minnesota in 1862 and settled in Stark County in He 1907. He is married to Lena Husby; tliev are the parents of seveu is married to Agatha Zimmerman; they nre the pnrents of eight ill 1908. children. Farmer, T. 13S, R. P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Bolim children. Mr. Bauer has served as School Director. Bohm, Joseph, S. 2, 95, Burwick, Ole. Farmer. S. 26. T. 137. R. 98. P. O. Daglum Mr. Burwick Mr. born in Russia in 1SS7 and settled in Stnrk County in 19oS. Baxter, Frank, Farmer, S. 12, T. 140, R. 97, I*. O. Dickinson. was was born in Iowa in 1882 and settled ill Stark County in 1906. He is married to Mary Mitchell; tliev are the parents of one child. Baxter u%s born in South Dakota in 1887 and settled in Stark County He is married to Hanna Bynrndal; they are the parents ol three chil- Farmer, S. 30, T. 13S, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Bolte in 1911. He is married to Cora Keller. Bolte, Fred, dren. Mr. Burwick lias served as Township Clerk. Stark County in 1887. Bayer, Franz, Farmer, S. 28, T. 137, R. 94. P. O. Lefor. Mr. Bayer was was liorn in Germany in 1876 and settled in parents ol six chil- liorn in Hungary in 1866 and settled in Stark County in 1897. He is He is murried to Elizabeth Hubert; they are the married to Annie Beryer; they nre the parents of ten children. dren. Mr. Boltz Bayer & Loh Co., Dealers in Grain, Lumber and Farm Machinery, Glad- Boltz, Nick J., Farmer, S. 20, T. 140, R. 99, P. O. Belfield. Gimeron. W. H.. Farmer. S. 10. T. 139, R. 99. P. O Belfield. Mr. County in 1907. stone. was born in Wisconsin in 1881 and settled in Sturk Cameron was born in Iowa in 1SS0 and settled in Stark County iu is mnrried to Mary Carev; they are the parents of two children. the parents of Becker, John, Farmer, S. 22, T. 137, R. 95, P. O. Lefor. Mr. Becker was He 1907. He is married to Lydia J. Robinson; they arc R. P. O. Richardton. Mr. born in Hungary in 1876 anil settled in Stark County in 1900. He Bonnes, Hurry, Farmer, S. 26. t. 137, 93. one child. Wisconsin in 1S81 and settled in Stork County Belfield. is married to Elizabeth Scliuh; they nre the parents of five children. Bonnes' was born in Carey. Martin. Farmer, S. 2. T. 139, R 99. P. O Mr. Carey in 1906. is to Zclla Norris; they are the parents of one iu 1907. Becker, Peter, Farmer, S. 8, T. 139, R. 94, P. t). Gladstone. Mr. Becker He mnrried was born in Wisconsin iu 1850 ami settled in Stark County was born in Hungnrv in 1875 and settled in Stnrk County in 1907. child. He is married to Mary Tracey; they are the parents of eleven chil- Boresh, Frnuk, Farmer, S. T. 140, R. 9S, P. O. Belfield. Mr. Boresh He is married to Mngg’ie Haecli; they have three children. 6, dren. Helfield. 1907. wns born in Russia in 1861 and settled in Stark County in 1905. Stable, Dickinson. Mr. Carroll was liorn Belfield Times, The. Harry Deuce, Editor, Established Carroll, S. L , Livery and Feed Kolash; they are the pnrents of two chil- Beuiasch, Xnver, Farmer, S. 10, T. 13S, R 96, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. He is married to Francis in Minnesota in 1874 and settled in Stark Countv in 1893 He is Beniasch was born in Russia in 1S52 and settled in Stark County iu dren. married to Helen I. Wara; they nre the parents ol five children. ' ' 68 PATRONS' REFERENCE DIRECTORY. Carter, Judge \V. A.. County Judge nud Editor Recorder-Post, Dickinson. Dietle, Christ, Jr., Farmer, S. 22, T. 139, R. 91. P. O. Antelope. Mr. , Vlllkl Sllllie IO ^ , a,..., ,, OUirK 1S92. Diede was born iu Russia in 1SSS and settled in Stark Counts- in 111 1892 County He is married to Margaret Suttler; they are the Carter & Whaley,' Proprietors The Recorder- Post, Dickinson. 1903. He is married to Mary Reich. parents of six children. Casey & Bnrgeson. IT D. Casey and H. A. Burgcson) Attorneys at Law. Diede, Henry, Farmer, S. 34, T. 139, R. 91, P. O. Antelope. Mr. Diede Eichclberg, Alfred, Farmer, S. 28, T. 137, R. 91, P. O. Ricliardton Mr Dickinson. Established 1911. was born in Russia in 1SS3 and settled in Stark County in 1905. He Eichdberg w-as born in Russia in 1879 and settled iu Stark County Cassidy. Wm. P. , Fanner, S. -4, T. 139. R 9S. P. O. South Heart. Mr. is married to K. Saler; they are the parents ol two children. Cassidy was born in Wisconsin in 1S69 and settled in Stark County Diers. August, Farmer, S. 3, T. 157, R. 95. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Diers Eide, B. J., Farmer, S. 4. T. 137, R. 98, P. O. Daglum. Mr. Hide in 1910. He is married to Mary Malone; they are the parents of six was in was born Minnesota in 1S7S and settled in Stark County in 1910. liorii in Norway in 1866 and settled iu Stark County in 1906. He is children. He is married to Lillian Hcuer; they are the parents of three chil- married to Mary Arne; they arc the parents of five children. Mr Chapman, S. J., Farmer, S, 30, T. 13S. R. 99. P. O. Gaylord. Mr. Chap- Ei.le has served as School Clerk ami Township Assesssor. man was born in Ohio in 1S49 and settled in Stark County in 1907. Dignam, Rev. John. Clergyman, St. Patrick’s Catholic also Holy Church, Ehz, Daniel, Farmer, S. 30, T 137, R. 97, P. O. Schefield. He is married to E. Pope; they are the parents ol four children Mr. Eliz Rosary Church, Dickinson. was born iniu Russia in 1882 and settled ini Stark- CountyCount iu 1905, Chaska. Albert . Farmer. S. 26. T. 137. R. 99. P. O. Gaylord. Mr. A., Farmer, J Dingnmn, Frank S. 12, T. 13S, R. 92, P. O. Antelope. Mr. He is married to Rosie Schmidt; Chaska was they the parents' of three born in Wisconsin in 18>6 and settled in Stark County Dingman was born in Wisconsin in 1874 and settled iu Stark Countv children. in 1907. is to Turner. He married Marie in 1909. Elkin, B. T., Farmer, S. 3. T. 138, R 93, P. O. Taylor. Mr. Elkin Chitwood. John R., Farmer, S. 8, T. 140, R. 9S, P. O. Zenith. Mr. Diltburner, Win., Farmer, S. 32, T. 139, R. 92. P. Ricliardton. was O. Mr. born in Norway in 1857 and settled in Slark County Chitwood was born in Wisconsin in 1SS2 and settled in the county Dittburner was iu 1888 He is born in Germany in 1864 and settled in Stark County nmmt.I tu J ury juu.on; they hurt sevuu in 1^39. married chihlren. Mr. Rlkiu hu, He Mamie Egers; they are the parents of two in 1885. He is married to Bertha Klemiy; they are the parents of served ns School Director. children. two children. Elkins John, Farmer, S. 9, T. 13S. R. 93, P. O. Taylor. Mr. City Drug Store, The, (E. P. Bishop and Walter Knoop) Drugs and Dobie, Wui., Farmer, S. IS, T. 13S, R. 94, P. O. Elkins was Gladstone. Mr. Dobie born in Minnesota in 1SS4 and came to Stark Stationary. Bellicld. Established 1913. born in County in 1888 Hi- was England in 1»75 and settled in Sturk County in 1898. ts married to Millie ICnudson. Cody, J. S.. Dealer in General Merchandise. Zenith. Mr. Cody was born He is married to Lizzie Tnuberg; they are the parents of five chil- Kniuu-l, Philip, Faruiyr, S. 2S, T. 137, R. in Minnesota in 1883 and settled in Stark County in 1910" dren. 97. P. O. Schtfidd. Mr Euimvl ivus horn m Ru.,S , , m 1.971 Colgrove. Charles, Farmer, S. 10. T. 138. R. 95. P.'o. Dickinson. Mr. Dobitz, Joseph. Farmer, S. 2S, st „ rt Counly iu T. 137, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. ““ tara Colgrove was born in Australia in 1861 and Sch“'« Hie parent, settled in Stark County Dobitz was born in Hungary in 1865 and settled iu Stark County in twelve ehiSr.7 « „! in 1883. He is married to Katie Gubsor; they are parents of four 1896. is to He married Katie Bechtel; they have seven children. But rich. George, Farmer. S. children. 4, T. 140. R. 9S, P. O. Zeuilh. Mr. Dobner, Frank. Jr., Farmer. S. 12, T. 159, R. y'5. P. Gladstone. E.uricll O Mr. ’”" m * 111 1S66 "i" 1 Colson. W. A.. Farmer. S 10, T. 140, R. 99. P. O. Belfield. 1SS3. was -eltletl in Stark County in He Dobner born in Austria iu 1886 and settled in Stark County in IVi'is is married to Myrtle Keecli. 1909. He is married to Flora Keller; they are the parents of one EngelharUoo, Steen, Farmer. S. >0. T. Conlon, John. Farmer. S. 34. T. 139, R. 91, P. O. Antelope. Mr. 139, R. 99, P. o. Belfield. Conlon child. Mr. Dobner lias served as Deputy Road Superintendent. Raged bar true was burn Mr was born in Ireland in 1847 and settled in Norway ia 1S53 aud settled Stark Countv in 1SS3. Doleclick, John, Farmer, S. 35, T. 138, R. 96, P. o. Dickinson. Mr. i„ Stnrk " “ 1,11 He is married to J. Schacherr; they are the parents of fifteen chil- Dolechek was born in Russia in '>'=) nre Patent, 1851 mid settled in Stark County M five 0*7 ® in 1901. He is married to Annie Roller; they are the parents of Bttgevik, Hans. Fa.iner, S 32. T. 137. Conlon. John, Jr., Farmer, S. 34, T. 139, R 91. P. O. Antelope. Mr. R. 98. P. O. Daglum. Mr. Engevik eleven children. was born in Norwa> Conlon, in in 1SS4 and settled in Stark Jr., was bern Stark Countv in 1884. Dolechek, John Farmer, S. 27. T. 13S, R. County in *1907. J.. 96. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. He is marned to Karena Olson; Consolidated Coal Co., The, A. P. Peake, President, F. thev are the parents of one rliilrt J. Brodie, General Dolechek was boru in Russia in 1884 and came to Stark County iu English^ Boyum.iD^tlers ifi Lumber Manager, Miners and Shippers of White Ash Lignite, Dickinson. and Building Material, Belfieid, 1901. He is married to Emely Franzel; they are tile parent's of Established 1S'95. three children. Erbsloesser, Clius., Farm Cooke, W. H.. Farmer. S. T. 139, R. er. S. 26, T. 141, R. 92. P. O. 26. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Cooke Mr. Riehardlou. Mr was born in Ireland in 1S65 and settled in Stark County in 1SS3. He is married to Ola E. Saunders; they are the parents oi fourteen children. Errick Elbried, Coulter, L. T.. son, Farmer, S. 22. T. 138, R. Farmer. S. IS. T. 140. R. 9S. P. O. Belfield. Mr. Coulter Dolezal, fgnatz, Farmer, S. 54, 99. P. O. Gavlord. T. 140, R. 97, P. <). Dickinson. Mr. r SO a Mr was born in Pennsylvania M ' nne ota 1,1 1SS9 I'Hl in 185S and settled in Stark County in Dolezal was born iu tn - ' settled in Siark County Austria 1869 and settled in stark Countv in b, t'on7 "H. ; J 1905. He is married to “aU, Ba,l "iey Winnie : B. Bruce; they are the parents of 1894. He is married to Fanny Kukal; thev are f. ?> are the parents of the parents of nine tuo"o'children Hrlle hashTsleserverl as two chiidreu. . . Township Clerk. children. Mr. Dolezal hits served as School Director Crawford, Erricksoii, W. H., Farmer, S. 28. T. 138, Judge W. C , District Judge 10th Judicial District, R. 99, P. O. Dickinson. Dolltver, Fred D., Farmer, S. 2, T. 140. R. 92, P. u. Ricliardton. Gaylord. Mr Mr. h"" 1 ,n I '' 19ul. dl na 1,1 1852 a,ul se‘"ed in Stark Dolliver was born in Minnesota in 1863 and settled in Stark , ?, County County ^" 1907 - 1 uar" e to Crowl-Scliroeder Co.. Department Store. Dickinson. Established \' ‘! Margaret lownseud; they 1892. in 190S. He is married to Annie Beard; thev arc the parents are the parents Culver, E. D.. Farmer. of of one child. Mr. Errickson has served S. 25. T. 140, R. 95. P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Cul- seven children. as TowushmP Sunrr. ,s.,r ver Eskestrand, Martin H., Farmer, S. was born in Wisconsin in 1SS3 and settled in Stark County in Doleschek, 4, T. 139, R. 92, 1-. 0. Ricliardton Max, Farmer, S. 27. T. 13S, R. 96. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Dol- Air. 1906. is Eskestrand was born in Wisconsin ix.811 n „.i c ,.i i • . He married to E. Walker; thev are I he parents m of four escliek was barn in Russia in 1886 and settled iu Stark County iu ** ark children. Mr. Culver has served as County in 1906. He is married to Myrtle Scboa, ,.r. 1901. He is married to Mary Blotz; they Davis Current- are the parents of two Buett istepliu,,. Funner, S. Hcfiron Abstract Co., Abstracts of Title, DicalSSn. Established children. 20. T, 139. R. 93. p. b. Diekinsou Mr 1 1906. b°rQ UStr 1S7 '1 i,rir| Dolwig & Duckhorn Co., Dealers in settled ju Sl.irk County General Merchandise, Glad-tone 14 "'"rr u n in Currie. M. L.. Farmer. S. 30. T. 159, R. 95, P O. Dickinson. 1907. Dorsey, "d ° - Iar> kl »re the Alfred, Farmer. S. 27, T. 140, R. 95, P. O Dickinson """"l patent, „/ lour Cnskelly, Joseph, Ranchman. Dickinson. Mr. Sire!, 1SS2. Dorset was born in Missouri in 1863 and settled in Stark County El d C Cuskelly, Tim, Farmer. S. 2S, T. 140. tC°- Th '' W “ EV 1 R 96, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. •« I**- is "“ ' President, Ab.tr.cfi, He married to Lucy Finch; they „.c the parents of four ol TiUo, Cuskelly was born in Stark County in 1SS4. '"' Di t!",o „ Everett Real Estate & Loan Co., W R. Everett ’, S. 32, T. 13S, Mnnat-er a,.H . R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. m r ,-* ,,d•' Duckhorn was born m in ' rim Hungary 1S61 and settled iu Stark County Es,i;i7d ;ar Daglum, O.. Dealer General *" ls9' • is ^ J. Merchandise, Daglum. Mr. Daglum He married to Etnelia Eiiger; they are the parents of was born in Nor I860 and settled in Stark County in 1906. five children. He is married to Bertha Olson. Dukart. Frank. Farmer, S. 30, T. 138. R. 96. P. O. Dickinson Mr Dakota Fuel Co., Austin H. Pelton, Superintendent, Dukart was born in Russia Miners nd Shippers in 1863 and settled in Stark Countv in of Quality Lignite Coal, Dickinson. 1906 He is married to Barbara Seidz; they are the rparents of six SSSS Dakota National Bank. General Banking. Dickinson. children. Mr Fan, ,0rn J U "8Jr >- 1884 a " Pal, " d in Stark County" Daly, Switchman and Farmer. Dukart. Joseph. 189 lie , 1 S 4, T. 159, R. 97, P O. Dickinson. Farmer, S. 10, T. 137, R. 96. P. O. Schefield. mamed Si“ 1UeIla Mr. Daly Mr a - .he parent of was born in Massachusetts in 1S6S and settled in X^kart was born in Russia in 1875 and eSl ch!,dren. ^ Stark sealed in Stark County in County in 1903. He is mirried Belle McCabe; lliev are 1902 He is marned to Fenner Mathias, Farmer, ' the rparents Rosie Weiler; they are the parents S. 22, T. 137, R. of of six 95. P. O. Dickinson Mr one child. children. Feinier was born in Hungary in 1865 and settled in Surk County Darrheim, Johann. Farmer, S 34, T. 13S, R. 91 Dukart Ludwig. Farmer. 6 in . P. O. Antelope. Mr S. 4, T. 157. R. 96, P. O. Schefield. “ m “rned lo KaUe Mr. ; ">ey are the parents of two Darrheim was bom in Russia in 1867 and settled in Stark U VaS born m kuss,a in ls? and children! Countv in ? 5 settled in Stark County in 1905. He is married to Christina a M£ 1 Fenno, W. Martel; thev l° Kalhnna »' S., Farmer, are the parents of H*«el lhK> are the parents of S. 8, T. 139 R 93 P n t...i.. ,, .. seven children. ' ‘ r ' FCnn° seven children S b rn i " 1851 and set,k ‘ 1 >•> Sturt David. ? . County iii Ml. Frank. Farmer. S. 18. T 13S. R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Dukart. Ruoolf. Farmer, S. Fir L "f Mr David 10, T. 137, R. 96, P. ’ S- 34, T. was barn O. Schefield. Mr 141, R. 96, F O. New Hrarlec in Hungary in lSSSand settled in Stark Countv born ,n Russia in 1873 Fk-ekk was born Mr in 1910 and settled iu Stark Countv in in Russia m 1875 and settled He is married to t^^W" in Stark County in Mary Herold. ,S m l f ' ’ " ° A HeKe : U,ey are ““ rn 'J David. H. W.. y the Parems “ M"F H.tuel; ,hej* are the parents Farmer. S. 10. T. 140. R. 95. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. David SdreS Sdreif of six was born in New \ork in 1S66 and settled in Stark Dukart Xaver. Farmer. Countv in 1891. S 20. T 139, R. 95. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. m r ed !o Lella Burke they Dukart i are the parents of three children. was born iu Russia in 1887 and settled Davis v? 'i tr in Stark County in H. E . Farmer S. 6. T. 13S. R. 03. I\ O Taylor. Mr. Davis e ,S ‘ a ,C ISabella ,e,ner was KS; S : lhe are the born in H T parents of Missouri in 1S6S and settled in ouc hlh i, M r n t , Stark County in 1902. He is air, Dukarh lias served as School Director marned to Ora B Moore; they are the parents of' three Dukhom, John, Farmer, S. Ill, was born in children. T. 137. R, 92, P. Richardton. Russia in 1S65 an Follmer, Mathias, Farmer, S. 6, T. 138, R. 97, P. O. D ckinsou. Mr. 1879 and settled in Stark County in 1907. Follmer was born in Hungary in 1877 He is married i Alary Heaton, Geo and settled in Stark County , Lumber Co., D. D. Foft. Local Malinger, Dealers in Lumber in 1907. He is married to Alagdelena Remsing; they are and Building Alaterial. the parents Gilmore, H. AI., Farmer, Established 1906. oi three children. S. 32, T. 140, R. 98, I>. O. Zenith. Air Ilecker, Martin, G'lmorc Farmer, S. 6 T. 140, R. 99. P O. Belfield. Air Becker was bom iu Wisconsin in 1877 nnd settled in Stark County Folsom, Judge A. 1\, County Justice of Peace, Dickinson. 1892. was born in Russia in 1854 nnd settled in Stark in 1908. He ismarried to Loye M. Felix; they County in 1903. He are the parents of is married to Christens Forster, Adam, Livery, Feed and Sale Stable, Richnrdton. 1890, four children. Dillmnn; they are the parents of eight cliil- Air. Gilmore has served as Director of School Board. Glass, Forster, Jucob J., Farmer, S. 25. T. 140, R. 93, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Herman, Farmer. S. 12, T 140, R 91, P. O. Hebron. Mr. Glass Hecker, Alike, Farmer. S 8, T. 140, R. Forster was born in Russia in 1875 was born in 1850 and 99. P. O. Belfield. Mr. Becker and settled in Stark County in settled in Stark County in 1888. He is born was in Russia in 1883 and came to Stark County iu 1891. 1891. He is married to Alary Klug; they arc the parents of five married to Anna Duckwitz; they are the parents of seven He children. ,s , i r,e ' " "; 1 to L,Z7 ' e Fr'vdt; they are the parents of Glazier, L G., Farmer, . two children. children. S. 24, T. 137, R. 99, P. O. Daglum. Mr. Glazier „ , Hecker. Nick, Farmer. S. 21, T. 137, R. 96, P O. Forster, Joseph, Farmer, S. 24, T. 140, R. 93, P. O. Richardton. was born iu Almnesota in 1882 and settled in Stark Schefield. Air Hecker Mr. Countv iu 1907. was born in Russia iu is 1883 and settled iu Stark County in Forster was born in Russia in 1885 and came to Stark County in He married to Lillian Nelson. 1898. He Gleich, ,S rr ed *° Eva Frallk; they are the parents ol three 1891. He is married to Otelia Bear; Fred, Farmer, S. 1 5!? children. they are the parents ol three 23, T. 140, R. 91, I*. O. Hebron. Air. Gleich Hedge.„ W. ] Farmer, . S. 26. children. was born iu 1876 and J T. 137. .R. vs, P. o. Daglum. Air. Hedge settled iu Stark Countv iu 1910. oorn Goetz, was in \ irginin in 18/9 and settled in Stark Countv Fralich, Wundler, Farmer, S. 26, T. 139, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Air. Jacob. Farmer, S. 8. T. 137, R. 94. P. O. Lefor. .Mr. Goetz in 1908. wus He is married to Nettie Burwick; they Pralicli was born in Russia in 1868 born iu Hungary in 1875 ure the parents of four chil- and settled in Stark County in and settled in Stark County in 1892. He is dren. "If- Hedge has served as Township Constable. 1906. He is married to Francis Kuntz; they have nine children. married to Lena Springer; they are the parents of five children. Hees, Andrew,dre Farmer. S. 20, T. 140, 1 Goetz, John P., Farmer, R 94. P. O. Gladstone. Air. Flees Frank. Anton, Farmer, S. 22, T. 137, R. 96, I . O. Schefield Air. Frank S 12, T. 138, R. 93, P. O. Richardton. .Mr. i born in Hungary JS'6 and settled in Stnrk County was born in Russia in 1890 and came to Stork in Goetz was born in Hungary iu 1884 and cauie to Stark in 1902. County 1898. He County iu is married He to I Theresa arc l -le parents is married to Katherine Wnndler. 1892. He is married to Josephine Emenuet; of one child. they are the parents of Heflron Baird, (F. & C. HefTron .... Baird) Attorneys, Dickinson. Frank, Frank AI., Farmer, S. 34. T. 138, R. 97. I>. O. Schefield. Air. " ~ Goetz, Hegel, George. Farmer, S. 4, T. 138, R. 96, P. O. Dickii Frank wus born in Russia in 1881 and settled in in Peter, Farmer. S. 27. T. 137, R. 94. P. O. Lefor. Air Mr. Hegel Stark County Goetz was s horn in Russia iu 1879 born in and settled i Stark County iu 1904. 1907. He is married to Alary Dittor; they are the parents of five Hungary in 1880 and came to Stark County in 1892. He Tied- - to-- -Eva ITammel;- they . — *•“»*.have =«iVens childreu. is married to Alagdoleua ,. . . , children. Grundhouser; they are the parents ol seven Heidu, Andrew, children. Farmer, S. 12, T. 138. R. 95, P. O. Gladstone Air Frank, Franz, Farmer, S. 32, T. 138, R. 9.3. P. Tavloi*. O. Mr. Frank Heidu was born in Goodridge-Cull Hungary in 1876 and settled in Stark County in was born in Hungary in 1885 and settled in Stark’ in 1905. Lumber Co., Oscar Simonson, Agent, Dealers iu County Lumber “ c 1S mairiedito and Building Alaterial, Alary Garabencli. they have three children. 1-Ie is married to Alaggie Kaiser. Belfield. Established 1909. „ , Heinle, Otto, Farmer. S. T. Grasl, Christ, Farmer, S. 2. 137, R. 91, p. O. Hebron. .Mr. Heinle Frank, John, Furmer, S. 26. T. 137, R. 96, P. O. Schefield. Air. Frank 17, T. 139, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Air. Grasl ' OD ’’ ’ s born in 1SS7 ‘ Stark Countv in 1901. wus born in Russiu in 1884 and came to Stark in 1898. was born in Hungary in 1871 and settled in Stark County in 1899. County He Helland, N. O., Farmer, S. 2 is 139, R 99. P. O Belfield. Air. Hel- is mar.ied to Francis Hecher, they are the parents of two children. He married io Sophia Koenig; they are the parents of three land was born in Norw, 1877, settled iu Stark Frank, Lawrence, Farmer, S. T. children. Countv in 1909. 24, 137, R. 96, P. O Dickinson. Air. Fie is married to Ida Grasser, Gi on; they are the parents of three cliil- Frank was born in Russia in 1883 und came to Stark County in 1891. Louis, Farmer, S. 10, T. 13S, R. 96, P. O. Dickinson. Air. Crasser dren. He is married to Annie AI. Wock; they are the parents oi three was born in Hungary in 1871 and settled in Stark County iu Hendrick, Alax, Real Bstate. Loans nnd Insurance, 1909. He is married to Dickinson. 1912 children. Lizzie Wanner; they are the parents of five- HeuseL George. Farmer, children. S. 6, T. 140. R. 94, P. O. Gladstone, Air. Frank, Stephan, Farmer, S. 26, T. 137, R. 96, P. O. Schefield. Air. Hensel « >«"" Gratz, >.'> Hungary iu 1874 and settled iu Stark Count! Frank was liorn in Russia in 1873 settled in Stark in George, Farmer, S. 4, T. 140, R. 94, P. O, Gladstone. Air. Gralz and County 1905. s married to Katherine Zehr; was born in Russia iu 1882 settled they are the parent 1898. He is married to Clementina Heidt; they are the parents of and in Stark County in 1910. He three children. six children. is married to H. Dauenhuuer; they are the parents of four children. Hensel, Peter. Farmer, S. 26. T. 137, R. 95, P. Lefor. Greenwood, AI. E.. Farmer, S. 20. T. 137, R. O. Mr Hensel Frank, Wendelin, Farmer, S. 26, T. 138, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Air. 99. P. O. Gaylord. Air. born in was Hungary in 1875 mid settled in Stark Countv in 1900. was born in Russia in 1876 in Greenwood was born in Nebraska in 1878 and settled in Stark Frank and settled in Stark County He is married to Katie Kaufmaun; they County in 1907. are the parents of one 1907. He is married to Alary Enng; they are the parents of eight Greenwood, child. Air. Hensel has served as School Director children. Perle, Farmer, S. 20. T. 137. R. 99, P. O. Gavlord. Air. Herauf, Anton. Farmer, S. 26. T. 137. R. 97, P. o. Schefield Mr Farmer, S. T. 138, P. Air. Greenwood was born in Nebraska in 1883 and settled in Stark Franzel, John, 25, R. 96, O. Dickinson. tteraufwas born in Russia in 1887 County in 1907. and came to Stark County in Franzel was born in Russia in 1888 and came to Stark County in 91- He is married to Amelia Dicker; thev are the parents of Grenz, Gottfried, Farmer, , one 1899. He is married to Rosie Aliller; they are the parents of three S. 12, T. 139. R. 91. P. O. Hebron. Air. Grenz child. children. was born in Russia iu 1880 and settled in Stark County in 1910. He Herauf, Jacob, Farmer, S. 20, T. 138, R. 97, P. O. is married to A. Rachmann; Dickinson. Air. Franzel, Joseph, Farmer, S. 14, T. 138, R. 96, P. O. Dickinson. Air. they are the parents of two children. Herauf in was born Russia in 1877 and settled in Stark County in Gress, Aquilinus, Farmer, S. 8, T. 140, R. P. O. Franzel was born in Russia in 1892 ami came to Stark County in 92, Richardton. Mr. 1902. He is married Gress to Theresa Heck; they ure the parent* of five 1899. He is married to Alathilda Hatzeubueller; they are the parents was born in Russia in 1S82 and came to Stark County iu 1893. children. .Married to Clement HofT; they are the parents of children. oi oue child. three Herauf, Lenhart, Fanner, S. T. Grill 20, 138, R. 97, P. O. Daglum Air Fread, Jacob, Farmer, S. 31, 140, R. P. O. Dickinson. Mr Fread Cafe, The, J. A. Guyot, Proprietor, Dickinson. Established 1910. T 96, Herauf was born in Russia in 1850 and settled in Stark County Groesser, Frantz, Farmer, S. 28, T. 138. R. P. O. Taylor. Air. iii was born in Russia iu 1875 and settled in Stark County in 1892. He 93, 1910. Harried to Elizabeth Waudler; they are Groesser born in the parents of is married to Katie Hrmentrnut; they are the parents of six children. was Hungary in 1863 and settled in Stark County five children. in 1904. He is married to Alary Barier; thev are the parents of four Freer, Anton, Farmer, S. 10, T. 139, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Air. Freer Herf, Andrew, Farmer, S. 28, T. 13S, R. children. 95, P O Dickinson. Air. was born in Hungary in 1877 and settled iu Stark County in 1907. Herf was born in Hungary in 1870 and settl d in Stark County in Grogan, Pat, Farmer, S. 34, T. 139, R. P. Air. He is married to Eva Schwager; they are the parents of four chil- 95, O Dickinson. Grogan 1903. is married He to Annie Meyer; they i the parents born in e of five dren. was Illinois in 1869 and settled iu Stark County in 1906. children. He is married to Friedt. Philipp, Farmer, S. 24, T. 137, R. 97, P. O. Schefield. Air. Jennie Jensen. Herold, F., Geo. Farmer, S. 32, T. 138, R. 93, P O. Daglum. Air. Russia County in Groth, Henry, Farmer, S. 6, T. 140, R. 91, P. O. Hebron. Air. Groth Fricdt was born iu in 1863 and settled in Stark Herold was born iu Wisconsin in 18S0 ami settled in Stark was born iu 1864 County 1907. is to Katie are the parent’s of and settled in Stark Countv in 1905. "> 1907. He married Schmidt; they He is married to Clara B. Cockrell; they are the parents Grundhauser, 1* eight children. John, Farmer, S. 32, T. 137, R. 94, O. Lefor. Air. ol one child. IS, T. Richardton. Air. Grumlhauser was born in Hungary in 1860 and settled in Stark Friesz, Peter, Furmer, S. 140, R. 92, P. O. Flessling, Louis, Proprietor of Hotel, Richardton. Air, Hessling was liorn County iu 1897. He is married to Anna Loh; they are the parents Fries/, was born in Russia in 1883 and settled iu Stark County iu iu Germany in 1875 aud settled in Stark Countv iu 1911 of fourteen children. 1901. He is married to Ida Gurhard; they are the parents of three Hettenbaugh, Harry, Farmer. S. 11, T. 139, R 91 , p o Guon, Simon, Dealer iu Richardton children. General Alerchandise, Dickiuson. Established .Mr Hettenbaugh was in burn North Dakota iu 1887. He i- married Farmer, Dickinson. Air. 1911. Froehlich, Joe. S. 22, T. 138, R. 97, P. O. to Phoebe Lunn; they are the parents of one cliil 1. iu Guyot, J. A., Proprietor The Grill Cafe, Dickinson. Froehlich was born in Russia iu 1876 ami came to Stark County Heudeker, Conrad, Farmer, S. 4, T. 137, R. 93, P O. Tiylor. Air. 1SS5. He is married to Francis Steiner; they are the parents of Fleudeker was born in Huugary in 1870 aud settled in Sturk County four children. in 1903. He is murried to Annie Fluubt; they are the parents ol six Haas, Johan, Farmer, S. T. Fugere, Louis. Farmer, S. 2, T. 137, R. 99, P. O. Gaylord. Air. Fugere 10, 137, R. 93, P. O. Richardton. Air. Haas children. 1907. was born in Hungary in 1875 and settled iu Stark County in 1903. was born in Canada iu 1871 and settled in Stark County in Hicks, Frank E., Farmer, S. 10, T 139, R 99, P. O. Belfield. Mr. Hicks He is married to Alargareta Hutli; they are the parents of seven He is married to Lydia Sauvageau; they are the parents of seven was born in Alinnesotn in 1881 aud settled in Sark County in 19n6. childreu. children. Air. FugcrJ has served ns Pathmaster. Fie is married to Gladys Titus; thev are the parents ol two 'children. Haas, Alicliael, Farmer, S. 14, T. 138. R. 93, I’. O. Richardton. Air. Fugere, Wilbrod, Farmer, S. 12, T. 137, R. 99, P. O. Gaylord. Air. Hilyer, D. A., Farmer, S. 6, T. 140, R. 94, P, O. Gladstone Air Hilver Haas was liorn iu Hungary in 1S48 and settled in Stark County iu Fugere was born in Canada iu 1868 and ^settled in Stark County in was born in Huugary iu 1875 and settled in Stark Countv in 1909. 1892. He is married to Barbara Garaseck; they have three children. 1907. He is married to Mary Sauvageau; they are the parents of Fie is married to Eva Jukobzic; they are the parents of five children. served as Township Supervisor and Habari, Anton, Farmer, S. 24, T. 137, R. 94, P. (j. Lefor. Air. Habari Hipp, Joseph, Farmer, S. 28, T ten children. Mr. Fugere has . 137, R. 94, P, O. Lefor. Air. Hipp was was born iu Hungary in 1S59 and settled iu Stark County in 1904. in in School Director. born Hungary 1869 and settled in Stark County in 1896. He is is married to Barbara Reittenger; they have four children. Fugere. Zotiquc, Funner, S. 18, T. 137, R. 99, P O. Gaylord. Air. He married to Anna Bechtel; they are the parents of four childreu. Hamanu, Fred, Farmer, S. 30, T. 139, K 92, P. O. Richardton. Air. Fugere was born in Canada in 1879 und settled in Stark County in Hobinger. John, Farmer, S. 34, T. 137, R. 98, I*. O. Daglum. Air. Hamann was born in Germany in 1S6S and settled iu Stark County tiger born 1907. Me is married to Delia DuBois; they ure the parents of Hobi was in Russia iu 1885 nnd settled in Stark C mnty in in 1883. He is married to Anna Grimm; they are the pareuts of seven children. 1907. He is murried to Agatha Kubiscbta; they ure the parents of five children. Air. Hamann has served as School Director. three children. Hammerschmidt, Josep.i, Farmer, S. 34. T. 141. R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Hoerner. Alicliael, Farmer, S. 25. T. 141, R. 93, P. O. Richardton. Air. Air. Hammerschmidt was born in Austria iu -1SS3 and settled in Hoerner was boru in Russiu iu 1872. Fie is married to Eleunora Gabbert, Herman, Farmer, S. 14, T. 137. R 95, P. O. Lefor. Air. Gab- Stark Couuty in 1906. He is married to Alary Braulik; they are County in the parents of four children. bert was born in .Minnesota in 1882 and settled in Sturk Hoff, Lee, Farmer, S. 14, T. 140, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Air. HofT was is married to Alarthu Wiegand; they are the parents of Hauel, Joseph, Farmer, S. 32, T. 138, R. 97, P O. Dickinson. Air. Hauel born iu Russia in 1875 1905. He uud settled in Stark County in 1903. He is born in Russia iu 1S75 two children. was und settled iu Sturk County iu 1901. married to K. Gress; they are the parents of five children. 139,' is married to Annie Hebei; they have six children. Gabe, Adam, Farmer, S. 4, T. R. 93, P. O. Taylor. Air. Gabe was He Hoff, Louis, Farmer, S 6, T. 135, R. 91, 1*. O. Antelope. Air Hoff was H. Allorney-nt.Law, Belfield. 1907. born iu Wisconsin iu I860 and settled in Stark County in 1909. Haney, E., boru in South Dakota in 1838 and settled iu Stark Countv in 1910. chil- Hanschel, A. P\, Farmer, S. 18, T. 137, R. 98, I’. O. South Heart. Air. He is married to Bertha Heinz; they are the parents of seven He is married to Lena BrosnikofT; they are the parenrs of two chil- dren. Air. Cube has served ns School Director. Hniischel was born in Wisconsin in 1865 and settled in Stark County dren. 1*. Air. in 190S. He is married to Luella Hand. Gnrdner, Win., Furmer, S. 3, T. 137, R 98, O. Daglum. Gardner Hogan, Michael, Farmer, S. 2. T. 139, R. 97, P. O Dickinson. Air. Hanson, G. B Real Estate, Loans and Investments, Dickinson. 1S98. was born in Ohio in 1861 and settled in Stark County iu 1900. He , Hogan was born in Ireland in 1853 und settled in Stark Countv iu Farmer, T. R.99, Gaylord. Air. Hanson is married to Martha Alerifield. Hanson, P. A., S. 20, 137, P. O. 1893. He is married to AI. Cro lik; they ure the parents of one child. Gerccht, Joseph, Furmer, S. 12, T. 139, R. 92, P O. Richardton. Air. was born iu Sweden in 1S70 and settled in Stark County in 1908. Flogue Lund Agency, Real Estate, Loans und Insurance, Dickinson. Gnrecht was born in Russia in 1877 and settled in Sturk County in Hardmeyer, Carl, Farmer, S. 27, T. 13S, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Air. Established 1910. born in Switzerland in Stark 1906. He is married to Alargaret Jokscli; they are the parents of Hardtneyer was in 1S60 and settled Holm, Robert, Firmer. S. 20, T. 137, R. 93. P. O. Diglum. Air. Plolin parents five children. County in 1SS7. He is married to Katie Geotz; they are the was born in Norway in 1383 nnd settled in Stark County in 1906. Gartner, Josef. Farmer, S. 18, T 137. R. 93, P. O Gladstone. Air. of eight children. He is married to Sophie Severson; they are the parents ol "one-child. Gartner was horn in Hungary iu 1864 and settled in Stark County Harley, John. Farmer, S. 14, T. 13S, R. 93, P. O. Richardton. Air. Air Holm lias served as Justice ol the Peace. born in in 1SS7 to Stark in 1897. He is married to Aladalena Lux; they are the pareuts of two Harley was Hungary and came County Holtrop, Pete, Farmer, S. 10, T. 139, R. 93, P. O. Zenith. Air Holtrop ..... children. 1893. He is murried to Susanna Jordan: they are the parents of ... H 0 || al „t j„ 1S87 aud settled in Stark Countv in 1912. Gartner, Mrs. Peter, Farmer, S. 2S, T. 139, R. 92, P O Richardton. three children. He is m irried to Willieliuiua Liwn; they e the parents of one Horn in Russia in 1863 and settled in Stark County in 1891. Airs. Hnrtung Real Estate & Loan Co., Real Estate, Farm Loans and Insurance, child. Established 1909. Gartner is married to Peter Gartner; they are the parents of seven Dickinson Holz, Peter, Farmer, S. 30, T. 133, R. 93, P. O. Gladstone. Air. Holz Farmer, 4, T. 13S, R. P Belfield. Air. Has- children. Haskins, A. E-. S. 99, O. was born in Hungary in 137 ) an 1 settle 1 iu Stark County in 1899. Massachusetts iu 1851 settled in Stark Garvey. Timothy A., Farmer, S. 2S, T. 139. R. 98. P. O. Zemth. Air. kins was born iu nnd County ed to Annie Kohller; they ure the parents of seven 1912. is married to Alaggie they are the pareuts of Garvey wus liorli in South Dakota in 1883 and settled iu Stark County in He Arnold; children. of three.childrcu. in 1908. He is married to Alinnie Cnrlen; they are the parents Houdl, Joseph, Farmer, S. 24, T. 140, R. 97, I*. O. Dickinson. M Farmer. S. 34. T. 138, R P. Gaylord. Air. one child. Hatzenbiler, Louis. 99. O. Hondl was liorn in Bohemia iu 1873 and settled in Stark County Hntzenbiler was born iu Russia in 1881 nnd settled ii Stark County Geiger, John, Farmer, S. 14, T. 140, R. 96, P. O. Dickinson. Air. Geiger 1898. He is married to Alary Ridl; they are the parents of nil parents of was born in Russia in 1867 and settled in Stark County iu 1891. He in 1904. He is married to Lizzie Alassur; they arc the children. ol three children. Farmer, S. is uiairied to AInrgaret Schmitt; they are the pareuts seven chil- Hondl, Joseph, Jr.. 2, T. 138, R. Gaylord. Air. dren Air. Geiger has served as Township Supervisor. Hatzenbiler. Martin, Farmer, S. 2, T. 137. R. 99, P. O. Hondl was born in Russia in 188S unde. R. 1>. O. Dickinson. Air. Hatzenbiler was born in Russia in 1852 nnd settled in Stark Couuty He is married to Alary Kin/.l Geiger, John J., Farmer, S. 14. T. 140, 96, Geiger was born in Stark County iu 1891. iu 1901. He is married to Lizzie Busholl; they are the parents of Hrobko, Maksim, Fnrmer, S. 12, T. 137, It. 98. P O. Daglum. Mr. Air. thirteen children. T. 138, K. 94. P. O. Gaylord. Gervuis Hrobko was born in Russia in 1870 and se tied i Stark County Gervais, Jos . Farmer, S. 26, in in 1909. Haupt, Rev. 1‘. Pastor Evnngelicul Lutheran Church, Richardton. was born iu Canada in 18S0 and settled in Stark County J , 1904. He is married to Katie Wolberg; they ar the parents of six the pareuts of five 1906. children. He is married to Josephine Cossette; they are S. S. T. 140, P. Dickinson. Air. Havelka, Bohumil, Farmer, R 97, O. Hubert, Joseph, Farmer, S. 7, T 133, R. 92, P. O Richnrdton. Air. Mr. Havelkn was born in Bohemia in 1861 and settled iu Stark Couuty iu Gilmore, Alexander, Farmer, S. 32. T. 140, R. 98, P. O. Belfield. Flubert was born iu Hungary iu 1882 ami cairn: to Stark County iu is married to Annie Baunash: they are the parents of Gilmore was born iu Scotland iu 1854 and settled iu Stark County 1892. He 1892. He is married to Anna Peclitl; they are the parents of four are the parents of four children. children. in 1908. He is married to Lizzie McGown; they Heaton, Geo., Lumber Co., Geo. Heaton, President; Guy Hunter, Vice Huck, Christ, Farmer, S. 30, T. 137, R. 96. I*. O. Schefield. Air. Huck S. President; A. D Heaton, Secretary and Treasurer; Dealers iu liorn Gilmore," George" Farmer and Breeder of Duroc Jersey Hogs, 30, T. was in Russia in 1873 ami settled in Stark County iu 1901. He iu Wisconsin in Lumber ami Building Material, Dickinson. Established 1906. is to 140, R. 98, P. O. Belfield. Air. Gilmore was born married Rosie Brinster; they are the parents of six children. - . - PATRONS’ REFERENCE DIRECTORY Jacob, Farmer, S. T. 13S, R. P. Kosten, Huck. 20, 97, O. Dickinson. Mr. Huck Otto, Farmer, S. 30, T. 138, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. in 1905. He is mnrricd to Agnes Bogncr; they are the parents of was born in Russia m 1877 and settled in Stark County in 1910. He Kasten was born in Germany in 1SS6 and came to Stark County in three children. is married to Cbristena Laulz; they arc the parents of four children. 188S. is parents one Krank, Alichael, Farmer, He married to Anna Steig; they are the of S. 6, T. 137, R. 96, I'. O. Dickinson. Mr Mr. Huck served in the Russia-Japan War 1905-1906. child. Krank was bom in Russia iu 1859 and settled in Sturk County iii Hughes, D., Real Estate, Farm Loans. Insurance and County Commis- Kasten, Win., Farmer, P. Kasten 1897. He is S. 6, T. 13S, R. 92, O. Richardton. Mr. married to Rosie Engel; they are the parents of thir- sioner First District, Belfield. 1905. was born in Germany in 1854 and settled in Stark County in 1S7S. teen children. Hughes, L., County Auditor, Dickinson. 1900. is married J. He to Amelia Steak; they arc the pareuts of seven chil- Kraus, Paul, Farmer, S. 28, T 137, R. 95, I’. O. Dickinson. Air. Kraus Huschka. John, Jr., Farmer, S. 26, T. 13S, R. 9S, P. Daglum. Mr. dren. born O. was in Iluugnry in 1879 and settled in Stark County in 1910 Huschka was born in Russia in 1SS4 and settled in Stark County in Kaufman, Stefan, Farmer. S. T. 137, R. P. Lefor. Mr. Kauf- is married Elizabeth 30, 94, O. He to Doum; they are the puients of two chil- 19i>4. He is married to Katie Bower; they are the pareuts of three man was born in Hungary in 1870 and settled in Stark County in dren. children. 189S. He is married to Alary Scliank; pareuts of six Krein, Jacob Farmer, 28, they arc the J , S. T. 138, R. 91, P. O. Antelope. Air Krein Hushka, Frank. Jr., Farmer, S. 24, T. 13S, R. 9S, P. O. children. liorii iu Daglum. Mr. was Russia in 1884 and settled in Stark County in 1905 Hushka was born in Russia in 1SS5 ami settled in Stark County in Keller, Bartl, Fanner, S. 12, T. 137, R. 94, P. O. Lefor. Mr. Keller was He is married to Sophiu Wegie; they are the pareuts of four chil- 1904. He is married to Magdalena Hoffman; they are the parents born in Hungary in 1849 and settled in Stark County in 1906. of two children. He is married to Anna Bcrwanger; Kreiter, Peter, they are the parents of five Farmer, S. 32, T. 138, R. 96, P. O. Schefield. Mr. Kreitcr Hutchinson, Harry R., Farmer, S. 34, T. 140, R. 93, P. O. Taylor. Mr. children. was bom in Hui gary in 1876 and settled in Stark County m 1907 Hutchinson was born in South Dakota in 1SS5 and settled in Stark Kelscb, Peter, Farmer, S. T. R. is 20, 137, 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. He married to Annie Toma; they are the parents of nve’childreni County in 1913. He is married to Lula Roberts; they are the Kelscli was born in Hungary in 1885 and settled in Stark County in Krier 8: Wegesser, Dealers iu Generul Merchandise, Gladstone. parents three Air. f" of children. 1909. He is married to Margaret Kilzer; they are the parents of Krier lias served as Township Clerk and Notary Public Hnth, John, Farmer. S. S, T. 13S, R. 94. P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Huth three children. Krueger. Ernest. Farmer, S. T. 26, 141, R. 91, P. O. Hebron Air was born in Hungary in 1SS1 and settled in Stark County in 1S9S. Kennedy, William, Farmer, S. 10, T. 139, R. 9S, P. South Heart. Krueger was O. born iu Wisconsin in 1877 and settled iu Stark Countv He is married to Rosie Hack; they are the parents of four children. Mr. Kennedy was born in Ireland in 1S48 and settled in Stark '* " mmed 10 Cllris,i " a Reu,er ‘ bc >' are : the parents of Huttmacher, Jacob. Farmer. S. 4. T 140, R. 92, P O. Richardton. Mr. County in 1881. He is married to Mary Mackey; they have four fouVremldren Huttmacher was born in South Dakota in 1S90 and settled in Stark children. Krueger, Frank, Farmer, S. 26, T. 13S, R. 98, P. O. South Heart Mr County in 1910. Keppiuger, Mathias, Farmer, S. 53, T. 137, R. 95, P. New Krueger in O. England. was born Wisconsin in 1878 and settled in Staik County Mr. Keppiuger was born in Hungary in 1850 and settled in Stark in 1906. He is married to Katherine M. Sherlock. Air. Krueger County in 1901 . He is married to Annie Descliew; they are the has served as School District Treasurer. Intveld. A.. Farmer. S. 17, T. 139. R 9S. P. O. Zenith. Mr. Intveld parents of eight children. Kruuienacker, Ludwig, Jr., Farmer, S. 34, T. 137, R 95 p o New was born in Holland in 1SS5 and settled in Stark County in 1910. Kilmer, Geo. W., County Treasurer, Dickinson. 1901. England. Air. Kruuienacker was born in Hungary 'in 1877 and Kilwein, settled in Stark Anton, Farmer, S. IS, T. 137, R. 98, P. O. Daglum. Mr. Kil- County in 1900. He is married to Barbara Weber wein was born in Russia in 1SS0 and settled in Stark County in they are the parents of five children. Jackson. Dr. Crawford C.. Veterinarian. Dickinson. 1911. 1906. Kuhns Frank. Farmer, He is married to Mary Reiter; they are the pareuts of one S 12. T. 140, R. 98, I>. Jens, S. O. Dickinson. Mr. Jacobson. Farmer, 34, T. 137, R. 9S. P. O. Daglum. Mr. Jacob- child. Kubas was bom in Bohemia iu 1888 and came to Stark County son was born in Norway in 1S76 and settled in Stark in County in Kilwein, Matt., Farmer, S. 6, T. 137, R. 97, P. O. Daglum. Mr. Kil- 1893. He is married to Agnes Hamel. 1910. He is married to Elena Engebregsen; they are the parents of wein was born in Russia in 1SS4 and settled in Stark County in Kubas Joseph. Farmer, S.12. T. 140, R. P. three children. 98. O. Dickinson. Air 1903. He is married to Katie Schwind; they are the parents Kubas was born in Bohemia in I860 and Philip, of two settled in Stark County in Jahner. Farmer, S. 32, T. 13S, R. 96, P. O. Schefield. Mr. children. Antonia Kudina; they are the parents Jahner was born in Russia in 1SS4 and came to Stark Countv of in Kilzer, Adam, Farmer, S. 30, T. 137, R. 92, P. O. Richardton Mr. nine' Children 1S92. He is married to Katherine Pual; they are the parent’s of Kilzer was born in Hungary in 1SS5 and came to Stark County Kubas Joseph Farmer S. 12, T. 140, R. two children. in J., 98, P. O. South Heart. Air 1892. is married Kubas was He to Annie Blaigeffer; they are the parents of born in Bohemia in 1887 and settled in Stark Janss, Albert. Farmer, S. 22. T. 137, R. 95. P. O. Lefor. Mr. Jauss was two County in children. ' d ' tl,ey born in 0 ; are the aren,s of Minnesota in 1SS3 and settled in Stark Countv in 1907. He Kilzer. Stephan, Farmer, riiddr-m P two Jr , S. 2S, T. 137, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. is married to Mathilda Luhman. rMr lzer 'raS b°rn Hungary in 1SS9 canle Kulias, Louis. Farmer, S. 11, T. Elisabeth, and t0 Stark County 140, R. 98, P. O. Dickinson. Mr Jauss, Farmer, S. 21, T. 137, R. 95, P. O. Lefor. 1908 iss»' Kubas was 1 Kir n in Bohemia in 1890 and settled in Stark Jedlicka, Vencel, Farmer. S. 24. T. 140, R. 9S, County in 1893 P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Kilzer. Stephan, Sr.. Farmer, ls S. 21, T. 137. R. 92, P. O. Richardton. nmmed to Annie Ridl; they are the parents of two Jedlicka was born in Bohemia m 1870 and settled in Stark County Mr. children Kilzer was born in Hungary in 1.857 and settled in Stark County Kubisclita, Anton, Farmer. S. 6, T. 138. R. in 1SVS. He is married to Annie Chistek; 95. I*. O. Dickinson. Air they are the pareuts of in 1892. He is married to Margaret Kirchner; Kubisclita was born Russia six children. they are the parents in iu 186S and settle.l in Stark of nine children. County in 6 '* ‘° A,‘ n,e S,merak Jensen. Rasmus, Farmer and Breeder of Poland China Hogs, ; “»ey are the parents of ten S. 14, T. Kilzer Bros. & Co., Dealers in General Merchandise, Richardton. Es- ihildrem 13S. R. 95. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Jensen was bom in 1S68 and tablished 1901. Kubisclita, Anton Jr.. Farmer, S. 10, T. 138, R. settled in Stark County in 1905. He is married 98. P. O. South Heart to Mary Larson Kinds vogel. Emil, Fanner, S. 24, T. 139, R. r U C "' 91, P. O. Hebron. Mr. a ‘ Rl1SS ' a they are the parents of seven children. Mr. in 1888 alld «“Ied in Stark Jensen lias served as Kindsvogel was born Conntv iY , in 1873 and settled in Stark County in 1906. Count) in ^l1901. He» is married to Alinnie Dolechek; School Clerk. theyi aree thelne He is married to Cary Leno; they are the parents of six children. parents of three children. Jensen. S. P., Farmer, S. 12. T 139, R. 99, P. O. Zenith. Mr. Jensen King, Addie L., Farming, S. 24, r. 140. R. Kubischta, 99. P. O. Belfield. Bom in Heinrich Farmer. S. 2. T. 137, R. 97, P. was born in Denmark in 1S77 and settled in Stark County in 1S99. O. Schefield Mr Minnesota in 1SS3 and settled in Stark County in 1906. U *“ b°rU RUSSi “ iQ He is married to Laura Svennengsen. 1SS9 nn ' 1 sellled » Stark County King, Oscar P., Farmer, S. 24, T. R. 5 M0L Jessen Bros.. Proprietors The Hub Clothing, Gent’s Furnishings and 140, 99. P. O. Belfield. Mr. King was bora in Minnesota in 1S90 and Kubischta. John, Farmer, S. 14, T. 138, Shoes, Dickinson. Established 1902. settled in Stark County in 1906 R. 96, P. O. Dickinson Air He is married to Florence True. b hta ra? h0 R USS'“ ln 1861 Jilek, Joseph, Farmer, S. 23. T. 140, R 96. P. O. Dickinson. '" a,ld settled in Stark County Mr. Jilek h. | RoS w , . was Kirkpatrick, W. G., Manager of Mandan Mercantile Co., Taylor marrlcd t0 Mary ‘’"“e-ale; they bom in Russia in lS75and settled in Stark Countv in 1905. He Air are the parents of Kirkpatrick ten chiidrmi I is married to Annie Kadennas; was bom in South Dakota in 1883 and settled in Stark they are the parents of five children. Kubischta County in 1913. He is married to Palma Karl, Jr., Farmer, S. 12, T. 137, R. Johnson. A. O.. Proprietor The New Store, Dealer in General Merchan- Jolinstad; they are the 97. P. O. Schefield Mr parenls of two children. Kubischta was born in dise. Belfield. 1912. Russia in 1881 and settled in Stark County Kirsch Jopp, Dealers Johnson. R. H.. & in General Alerchandise, Gladstone. M e ll Cashier The First National Bank and Mayor of Dickinson “ ‘ ey *" ,te Dickinson 18S9. ' Kirschenheiter. Frank, Farmer. ta?SiidS. S. 14, T. 138, R. 94. P. O. Gladstone. Kudrna, Johnson, Farmer, Mr. kirschenheiter Frank. Farmer. S. 24. T. 139. R. P. Wm S. 12. T. 140, R. 99. P. O. Belfield. Mr. John- was born in Hungary in 1859 and settled in 98, O. South Heart Mr son was bora Stark County in Kudrna was born in Russia in 1886 and in Sweden in 186S and settled in Stark County in 1901. 1S94. He is married to E. Orso; they are the settled in Stark Couutvin He is married to parents of five children. marr,ed l ° Flln,e "a Pavlich ek; Emma Colson; they are the parents of lour chill they are the parents of Kirschenheiter. two^ children Josef, Farmer, S. 4, T. 137, R. 93, P. O. Tavlor Mr Kudrna Louis, Farmer, S. johs, fcrbardt, Farmer. Kirschenheiter was bom in Hungary in 1S47 and 20. T. 139, R. 97. P. O. South Heart settled in Stark Kudina was Air ..as born in Hungary in 1SS1 County in 1S92. He is married born in Austria in 1885 and settled and settled i'n Stark County in 1908. to Annie Elmer; they are the par- in Stark County in He is married to Elizabeth Veertz; ents of two children. ‘ S raarned ‘° Breni they arc they c ; the parents of three the Paren ‘ s o‘ three children. Klebl, Jacob, Farmer. S. cSSreS 14, T. 140, R. 98, P. O. Dickinson. Air. Klebl Joksch. Fred. Farmer. S. was born in Kuhlman Herman. Farmer, S. 12. T. 17, T. 140, R. 91. P. O. Hebron. Mr. Germany in 1892 and settled in Stark County in 1907 139, R. 99, P. O. Belfield Joksch Kuhluian was born Mr was bom in 1862 and settled in Stark S marrled l° Mary Anichek ll in Alinnesota in "1885 and County in 1886. He is married ; >ey are the parents of’ four cliil- settled in to S. Maas: they are the dren County i„ 150S He is uinrrietl parents of eleven children. to Sarah L. Krtr, e parents of child. y lne Jorgenson. Alfred. Farmer. S. 12, T. 140, R. P. Klein, John, Farmer, S. 17, T. 138. R. one 93, O. Tavlor. Mr Jor- 96, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Klein Kuntz, genson was bom in Wisconsin was born in Russia Joseph B. Farmer, S. 12. T. in 1875 and settled in Stark Countv in 1860 and settled iu Stark County in 1891. He 138, R. 96, P. O. Dickinson Mr is *** ' S mamed t0 Eluma Silker; married to Elizabeth Brown; n in ‘ 858 “ nd setlled they are the parents of they are the parents of seventeen iu stark County in one child children ^f^' 1611r“E1,Zabeth Bardin Ser; they are the parents Juergens. Geo., Klein, seven cWdren."' of Farmer, S. 1. T. 140, R. 94. P. O. Taylor. Peter, Farmer, S. 4, T. 138, R. 96, P. Mr. Juergens O. Dickinson. Mr. Klein Kuntz, was born in Wisconsin in 1859 was born in Russia in Nick, Farmer, S. 2, T. 140, R. 9S, and settled in Stark County in 1887 1867 and settled in Stark County in 1893. He P. O. Dickinson Air was born in marne<1 l° HorUnsea Faustman; 6 *1 l° Kalhenn ‘: Russ,. i„ 1S90 ami they are the parents of one Froelich: 'hey are the brents of four settled in Swl Snttty )„ dilld children' “ named to Frances Woclt; YC they nre the p„ent, oi ’ItaL Jung, John Farmer S. 14. T. Klingman, Bert R.. S 137, R. Farmer, 96. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Jung S. 20, T. 139, R. 93, P. O. Zenith. Air. was bora in Hungary in 1879 and settled Klin gin an was born iu in Knots, Nick, Farmer, S. 35, T. 137, R, in Stark Countv in 1903. Iowa 1876 and settled in Stark County in 92, P. O. RicUnrdtnn. Mr is was born Hunts He married to Magdelena Thuma. 1911 . He is married to Addie in Russia in 1880 and Coe. came to Stark County in 1891 He Junkert. Adam, Farmer. S. 32, T. Kloepfer Farmer. nt mamed Juh.uun 137, R. 91, p. Richardton. Mr J. J., S. IS, T. 138. R. 99. P. O. Belfield. Mr. Bn.pionk; they the p„e„,/ ‘ g V cM- Junkert was bom in Russia in 1884 and settled inn was lx)rn ,n Canada in 1881 Stark County ii . and settled in Stark County in 1903. He is married to Christina 1908. He is married, to Spreges; they ; e the parents Alinnie Schwehr; they are the parents °- three o of Kunt/ K’chnrdton. Mr. children. three children. was tom iri Russia m !855 an.! settled iu Stark County in Junkert, Fred F.. Farmer, S. 22. T. 137, R. P. Knaub Joseph. Farmer. S. 20. T. 91. O. Richardton. Mr. 138. R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. ^ ^ they are llle Pa ^nts of eigln ^'vasborn in Russia Knaub was born p/dren in 18S0 and settled in Stark County in Germany in 1854 and settled in in Stark County in Kunz, Simon, e “ marr,ed to M * Werth U>ey , D1 ', r,ed l, Jcnnie Farmer, S. 12. T. 137, R. i are the parents of four S' eele: lhey are the Par e»ts of three 96. I*. O. Schefield Mr chiidren* children.rhihir i?T ,!p ,. i was bom in Kunz Mr. Knaub has served as Justice of the Russia m 1859 and settled in Stark Junkert, Frederich Peace County iu 1M6 Farmer S. 22. T. 137, R. 91, P. Kn.ab. Matli, “arr,ed ‘° Mon,ca Dukar ‘hey O. Richardton. Mr. F™. S.' 12. T. 138, R. 54. P. ‘i are the parents of* niie Junkert was bora in Russia O. Glad,, one. Mr. Kn.ub chib in 1854 and settled in Stark v, as born in Hungary in 1891 S" County in and settled in Stark County in 1910. ™ arr,ed l ° T r Jurgens, Herman. Farmer a Hack; the >' ar e the parents of two children. and Insurance Agent, S. 10, T. 140 Koffler. Joe, Farmer, c Go ^ , R 93 S 28. T. 1J9. R. 95, I'. O. Dickinson. Mr. Koffler yl r ’ QrKeD s as ,>orn J in Germany in 1873 and was born in Russia in 1881 and settled settled ?nin Laub, Michael, Farmer, S. 12, T. 139, R. 95, P. O. Gladstone. M. Laub in 1903. He is married to Jennie Munson; they are the parents of Messer was born in Russia in 1890 and came to Stark County was born in Austria in 1S68 and settled in Stark Countv in 1905. one child. in 1898 He is married to Lizzie He is married to Mngdolina Sehr; they are the parents Zentner. of two Maas, Gottlieb, Farmer, S. 20. T. 140, R. 91. P. O. Hebron. Mr. Maas Messmer, children. Jacob J. Farmer, S. 22, T. 139, R. 92. P. O. Richardton. Mr. was born in Russia in 1877 and settled in in Stark County 1897. He Messmer wi 1 Lauterlwch. H. P., Cashier Farmers Merchants born in Russia in 1875 nnd settled iu Stark County in & State Bank, Taylor. is married to Carlina Meier; they have five children. 1894. He i to in in married Rosie Fleck; they have nine children, Mr. Lauterbnch was born Iowa 1885 and settled in Stark Maas, John F., Farmer, S. 20, T. 140, K. 91, P. O. Hebron. Mr. Maas Metz, Ludwig. Fa mer, S. 14, T. 140, County in 1909. He is married to Eilie Hettenba'ugh. R 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Metz was born in Russia in 1872 and settled in Stark County ill 1908. He s born Russia in 1865 nnd settled in Stark County in 1892. Leask, John, Register oi Heeds, Dickinson. is married to Katrin He Mntzger; they have two children. is married to Lizzie Reis; they are Lech, F., Farmer, S. 18, T. 138, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. the parents of nine children Lech was Maas, W. F., Farmer, S. S. T. 140, R. 91, P. O. Hebron. Mr. Maas was Meulemans. Michael, Farmer, S. 14, T. 139, R. 98, P. South born in Hungary in 1855 and settled in Stark County in 1898, He born in Russia in 1873 O Heart and settled in Stark County in 1887. He is Mr. Meulemans was born in is married to Mnggie Schneider, they are the Belgium in 1854 nnd settled in Stark pareuts of four married to T Drautman; they are the parents of six children. County in 1910. He is married to Mary Van Keif, children. Madler, Alois, Farmer. they arc the S. 30, T. 137, R. 95. 1>. O. New England. Mr. “ — — n children. LeDoux, C.. Farmer, S. 58, T. 137, R. 99. P. O. Gaylord. Mr. LeDoux Madler wus born in Hungary in 1881 and settled in Stark County Meyei Former. S. born in in 1869 settled 2, T. 139, R. 98, P. O. South Heart. Mr. was Vermont and in Stark County in 1906. in 1898. He is married to Maggie Hollinger; they are the parents «»u» born in Iowa in 1887 nnd settled iu He is married to Josephine Carrie; they are the parents of seven of three children. Stark Countv in 1912. He is married to Augusta children. Berndt. Madson, Fred, Proprietor Willow Grove Farm, S. 14. T. 139, R. 93, P. Meyer. Wilhelm, Farmer, S. 26, T 138, R. 97. P. Lefor, Adorn A., Dealer in General Merchandise, Lumber, etc., Lcfor. O. Dickinson. Mr. O. Taylor. Mr. Madson was born in Denmark in 1S63 and 1 settled Russia in lfJ68 and settled in Stark County Lefor was born in Hungary in 1881 and settled in Stark County in in Stark County iu 1882. in He is married to Christens Olson; they 1898. H s married to Barbara Hangg; they 1893. He is married to Lizzie Schufler; they arc the parents the parents of five of "two have five children. children. children. Maerz, Jacob, Farmer, S. 24. T. 137, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Michelz. Michael. Farmer, S. 22. T. 137, R, 93, I*. O. Richardton Lefor, Dominick, Farmer. S. 4, T. 137, R. 94, P. O. Lefor. Mr. Lefor Maerz was born in in Mr. Russia 1882 and settled in Stark County ill Michelz was born in in in 1886 Hungary in 18S2 and settled in Stark Count was born Hungary nnd came to Stark County in 1893. 190S. He is married to Amelia Melche; they are the pareuts of 190S. is murried to Katie Dengel; they are is married to Eva Ditchinger; they are the parents the parents of He of two chil- four children. children. dren. Magstadt, Jacob, Farmer, S. 24, T. 137, R. P. 91, O. Hebron. Mr. Miller, Jacob. Farmer, S. 30, T. 138, R. 97, P Lefor, Jacob, Farmer, S. 4 T. 137, R.94, P. O. Lefor. Mr. Lefor was born O. D.iglum. Mr. Miller Magstadt was born in Russia in 1880 ami settled iu Stark County was born in Russia iu 1870 and settled in Stark County in 1910. He in Hungary in 1883 and came to Stark Countv in 1893. He is mar- in 1906. He is married to Katrin Wall; they are the parents of is married to Francis Reuter, they are the parents ried to Mary Lelor; they are the parents of three children. Mr. four children. of six children Miller, John, Farmer, S. T. 140, R. Lefor has served as School Director. 12, 92, IV O. Richardton. Mr. Magstadt, John. Farmer, S. 12. T. 137, R. 91, P. O. Hebron. Mr. Miller was born in Russia in 1870 and settled in Stark County iu Lefor, Math., Farmer. S. 26, T 138, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Lefor Magstadt was liorn iu Russia in 1858 and settled in Staik County in 1901. He is married to Hellen Marsser; they are the was born in Hungary in 1855 and settled in Stark parents of two County in 1900. 1905. He is married to Christina Burkart; they are the parents of children. married to Annie Kofch; they are the He is parents of ten children. seven children. Miller. Farmer, Josef. S. 24, T. 137, R. 93, P O. Richardton. Mr. Miller Lehmann, Adolph A., Farmer, S. 26. T. 140, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mahler, Julius, Farmer, S. 6, T. 139, R. 91, P. O. Antelope. Mr. Mahler was born 111 Hungary in 1888 and settled in Stark born in North Dakota County in 1909. Mr. Lehmann wus in 1885. was born in New York in 1892 and came to Stark County in 1S99. married He is to Lizzie Lindenian; they are the parents of one child Leicht, John, Farmer, S. 24, T. 138, R. 98, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Leicht Malone, Ed S.. Farmer. S. 30, T. 139, R. 93, P. O. Zenith. Mr. Malone Miller. Mike, Farmer, S. 2, T. 138, R. 96," P. O. Dickinson. Huugary in 1881 Mr. Miller was born in ami settled in Stark County in 1909. was born 111 Minnesota in 1886 and settled in Stark County in 1908. was born iu Russia in 1864 nnd settled in Stark County iu 1891, He He is married to Barbara Meyer; they are they pareuts of two chil- He is married to Mary Carlin; they are the parents of one child married to Elizabeth Wilhelm; they are the parents of twelve Malone, John F., Farmer. S. 26. T. 139, R. 9S, P. O. South Heart. Mr. children. Leng, Frank C.. Farmer, S. 32, T. 137, R. 99, P. O. Gaylord. Mr. Leng Malone was born iu Illinois iu 1881 and settled in Stark Countv in Miller. Peter, . farmer, S. 28, T. 141, R. 91. P O. Richardton. was born in Wisconsin in 1859 and settled in Stark County in 1907. 1908. Mr. Miller wa 1 born 111 Russia in 18S0 nnd settled in Stark Countv in He is married to Ellen Brennen; they are the parents of two chil- Maudan Mercantile Co.. H. R Lyon, President, B. H. Crawford, Local 1902. He is married to Mary Smith; they are the parents of three dren. Manager, Lumber, Grain, Farm Machincrv, Dickinson. Established children. Lcnz, Julius, Farmer, S. 20, T. 139, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Lenz 18SS. Miscliel, A. F., Dgaler in General Merchandise, Richardton. 1893. Mr. was born in Germany in 1S66 and settled in Stark County in 1909. Manden Mercantile Co., Jos. Fleck, Manager, Lumber, Farm Imple- J. Misclicl has served as Mayor of Richardton for a number of years He is married to Fredrica Schroeder, they are the parents of seven ments and Harness, Richardton. Established 1892. Miscliel, Fred. Farmer, S. 35, T. 139, R. 92. I>. O. Richardton. ' Mr children. Mandan Mercantile Co., Lumber, Building Material, Farm Machinery, Miscliel in was born Russia in 1869 and settled in Stnrk Comity in Lenz, Peter, Farmer. S. 4, T. 138, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Lenz etc., Taylor. 1899. He is married to Sann Foster; they are the iiareiits of eight was born in Germany in 1849 and settled in Stark County in 1884. Mangie, Josef, Farmer, S. 10, T. 137, R. 94. P. O. Lefor. Mr. Mangie children. Lepper, B., District Manager Mutual Life Inurance Co. of New York, was born in Hungary in 1879 and settled in Stark County in 1907. Moldeniiauer, Edward, Dickinson. 1885. He is married to Anna Schmidt; they are the parents of four chil- Mr. Moldeniiauer S. 4, T. 138, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Letang, Nick, Farmer, Mr. Letang dren, Mr. Mangie has served as School Director. County in 1907. was born in Hungary in 1874 and settled in Stark County in 1903. Marchand, Cyril. Farmer, S. 12, T. 137, R. 99. P. O. Gavlord. Mr. Moldeniiauer, Henry, Farmer, S. 9. T. 137, R. 95. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. He is married to Katie Haines; they are the parents of nine children. Marchand was born in North in Dakota 1884 and settled in Stark Moldeniiauer was born in Russin in 1876 nnd settled iu Stark nnd Loans, Dickinson. County Lillibridge, E. A., Real Estate 1901. County in 1907. He is married to Arlinc Fugere; they are the in 1907. is He married to Bertha Spilker; they are the parents of Lindemann. Stephen, Farmer, S. 16, T. 137, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. parents of two children. two children. Mr. Lindemann was born in Hungary in 1884 nnd settled in Stark Marchand, Napoleon, Farmer. S. S, T. 137, R. 99. P. O. Gaylord. Mr. Moldeniiauer. Julius, Farmer, S. 18, T. 137, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. County in 1893. He is married to Lizzie Werner; they are the Marchand was born in North Dakota iu 1S80 and settled in Stark Moldeniiauer was born in Russin in 1887 and settled in Stark Countv parents of three children. County in 1906. He is married to Exzilda Sauvageau. in 1907. .Max, Farmer, S. 32, T. 138. R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Marsh. John, Farmer, S. Linster, 22. T. 140, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Marsh Molm, Howard, Dealer in General Merchandise, Gaylord. Mr. Molm was Liusler was born in Hungary in 1884 and settled in Stark County in was bom in Bohemia in 1S62 nnd settled in Stark County in 1SS7. born in Minnesota in 1874 and settled in Stark County in 1906. He 1908. He is married to Elizabeth Young; they are the parents of He is married to Antonia Kinzle; are they the parents of seven is married to Iva Chapman; they are the parents of four children. four children. children. Mr. Molm has served as Postmaster. Frank, Dealer in Shelf and Heavy Hardware. Dickinson. 1831. Marsh, Joseph. Farmer. S. 2S, T. R; Lish, 140, 97. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Morel, Chas., Farmer, S. 8, T. 137, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Morel Mr. Lish has served as Sheriff and Representative. Marsh was born in Stark Countv iu 1SS7. is married He to Jennie was born in Hungary in 1891 and came to Stark County in 1899. Dickinson 190S. Little, F. A., Lands and Loans, and Fayette. McDonald. He is married to Mary Mart/ James, Farmer, S. 6. T. 138. R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Little Martin. Hernart. Farmer. S. 12, T. 137. R. I’. Little, 95, O. Gladstone. Mr. Morgenthaler, Philip, Farmer, S 5, T. 137. R. 94, P. O. Lefor. Mr. born in Canada in 1855 and settled in Stark County in 1883. Martin was born in Hungary in 1S67 and was settled in Stark County Morgenthaler was born iu Hungary iu 1886 and came to Shirk Farmer, S. 6. T. 139, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Little in 1S93. He is married Little, John, to Rosie Schefler; they are the parents of County in 1891. He is married to Christina Seiler; tney arc the was born in Canadn in 1861 and settled in Stark County in 18S3. nine children. parents of four children. Anna Cooke; they are the parents of two children. Martin, Emerich. Farmer, IS. He is married to S. T. 137, R. 91. P. O Richardton. Mr. Morin, Peter, Farmer, S. 30, T. 139, R. 98, P. O. Zenith. Mr. Morin Mr. Little lias served ns Township Supervisor. Martin was born in Hungary in 1866 and settled in in liorn Stark Countv was in Ginada in 1S61 and settled in Stark County 111 1910. Farmer, S. 6, T. 138, R 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Little 1S94. Little, Win , He is married to Selma Swanson. was born in Canada in 1866 and settled in Stark County in 1899. Martin, John. Farmer, S. 13. T. 137, R. 94. P. O. Lefor. Mr. Martin Moscowitz, Charles, Proprietor Judson Cash Store, Judson. Mr. Moscowitz Farmer, S 33, T. 138, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Loh was born in Hungary in 1875 and settled in Stark in 1S94. Loh, Andrew, County was born in 1873. He is married to Bessie .Marcus; they .ir c the was born in Hungary in 186b and settled in Stark County in 1S97. He is married' to Barbara Krieger; they are the parents of seven parents of one child. He is married to Mary Duckhorn; they are the parents of eight children. Mosher, W. A,, Proprietor New Imperial Hotel, Belfield. 1912. children. Martin, Nik, Farmer, S. 15, T. 137. R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Martin Mottershead, E. Co., Farm Lands, Loins and Insurance, Rich irdton. Farmer, T. 140, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. 1891. was born in Hungary in 1874 and settled Loran, Henry, S. 24, in Stark County in 1S94. Mozley, W. J.. Farmer and Breeder of Duroc Jersey Hogs, S. 18, T. 138, Farmer, T. 139, R. 98. P. O. South Heart. Mr. is married to Louisa Keortz; Lucian, Louis, S. 26, He they have five children. R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. .Mozley was born in Wisconsin in 1858 Minnesota in 1878. is married to Katie Marty, Herbert, Farmer, Lucian was born in He S. 10. T. 139, R. 95, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. and settled in Stark County iu 1906. He is married to Alida C. Malone. Marty was born iu Minnesota iu 1887 and settled in Stark County Hamilton; they are the parents of two children. 1906. Luffv, John, Farmer, S. 6, T. 137, R. 96, P. O. Schefield. Mr. Luffy was in Mulrath, Christof, Farmer, S. 8. T. 137, R. 96, P. O. Schefield. Mr. settled in 1906. Secretary born in Hungary in 1872 and Stark County in He Maser, Fred, Rainy Butte Land Co., Real Estate, Dickinson. Mulrath was born in Hungary in 1866 und settled in Stark County is married to Mngdelcna Stilz; they have five children. Mayer. Joseph. Farmer, S. 18, T. 137, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. in 1906. He is married to Maggie Luffy; they are the parents of Luhman, John F., Farmer, S. 32, T. 138, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Maver was born in Hungary in 186S and settled in Stark County ten children. born in Minnesota in 1882 and settled in Stark County in 1904. He is married to Elizabeth Meysner; cliil- Luhman was they have four Murtha. T F , Law, Real Estate, Dickinson. 1936. Mr. Murtlia Iia9 in 1903. served as State’s Attorney. Luithle, Heinrich, Farmer, S. 28, T. 137, R. 91, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Mayer, Joseph, Farmer, S. 20, T. 137, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Muth, Alex, Farmer, S. 30. T. 138, R. 95, P O. Dickinson. Mr Math Luithle was born in Russin in 1887 and came to Stark County in Mayer was born in Hungary in 1862 and. settled in Stark County in was born in Russia in 1881 and settled in Stnrk County in 1901. He 1899. He is married to Lydia Metzer; they are the parents of three 1S97. He is married to Barbara Schroeder; they have eight children. is married to Maggie Michel; they are the parents of three children. children. Mr. Luithle has served as School Clerk. Maver, Joseph C . Farmer, S. 28, T. 141, R. 91, P. O. Hebron. Mr. Muth, Ign.itz, Farmer. S. 30, T 138, R. 95. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Muth Luithle, Karl. Farmer, S. 32, T. 137, R. 91, P. O. Hebron. Mr. Luithle Mayer was born in Hungary in 1882 and settled in Stark County in was liorn iu Russia in 1873 nnd settled in Shirk County in 1905. He was born in Russia in 1SS0 and settled in Stark County in 1904. He 1904. He is married to L. Scharz; thev are the parents of five is married to Moneka Grease; they are the parents of five children. is married to Elizabeth Fischer; they are the parents of four chil- children. Muth, Jacob, Farmer, S. 30. T. 138, R. 95, P. O Dickinson. Mr Muth Mayer, Peter M., Farmer. S. S, T. 137, R. 92, P. O Richardton. Mr. was born iu Russia in 1848 nnd settled in Stark County in 1901. He Lund. Thom., Farmer, S. 30, T. 139, R. 98. P. O. Zenith. Mr. Lund Mayer was born in Hungary in 1S54 and settler! in Stark County in is married to Elizalieth Dilluian; they arc the parents of seven was born in Norway in 1882 and settled in Stark County in 1907. 1891. He is married to Elizabeth Lubaub; they are the parents of children. Lunde. Gilbert. Farmer, S. 8, T. 138, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Lunde six children. Myer, Max. Farmer, S, 28, T. 139, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Myer was born in Minnesota in 1875 and settled in Stark County in 1907. Meckleuberg, Frank, Farmer, S. 22, T. 137, R. 99, P. O. Gaylord. Mr. was born in Russia in 1881 and settled in Stark County in 1898. He is married to Olava Larson; they are the parents of one child. Mecklenberg was born iu Wisconsin in 1SS1 and settled in Stark He is ma-ried to Barbara Scheler; they are the parents of three Lutz, Gustav, Farmer, S. 27, T. 139, R. 91, P. O. Hebron. Mr. Lutz County in 1907. He has served as Township Constable. children. settled in Stark in 1902. was born in Russin in 1S74 and County He Mecklenberg, Fred, Fanner, S. 22, T. 137, R. 99, P. O. Gaylord. Mr. the parents of nine children. is mnriied to Katrin Stniger; they are Mecklenberg was bom in Wisconsin in 187S and settled in Stark County in 1908. He has served as Township Treasurer. Nadvornik, John F., Farmer, S. 5, T. 140, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Meier, Phillip, Farmer, S. 20. T. 140, R. 91. P. O. Hebron. Mr. Meier Nadvornik was born in Russia in 1879 and settled in Stark County in 1898 is married to Agnes Fischer; they are the parents McAdams, E. M., Farmer, S. 8, T. 140, R. 99. P. O. Bel field. Mr. Mc- was born in 1S47 and settled in Stark County in 1902. He is married He of Adams was born in Missouri in 18S2 and settled in Stark County in to Christina Krohn; they are the parents of one child. two children. Naubauer, Daniel, Farmer, S. 10, T. 137, R 91, P. O. Antelope. Mr. 1910. He is married to Nora E. Drake; they are the parents of Merchants Loan & Securities Co., Western North Dakota Form Loans, was born in Russia in 1885 four children. Naubauer and came to Stark County in 1891. He is married to 31. Vornert; they are the parents of one McBride, M. L., Attorneyat-Law, Dickinson. 1902. Mr. McBride has Merchants National Bank, W. L. Richards, President; Wilson Eyer, child. served os State's Attorney nnd Secretary Farmers Grain Co. Cashier; General Banking, Dickinson. Established 1906. nnd Insurance, Dickinson. Naumann, Jacob, Farmer, S. 32, T. 138. R. 93, P. O. Taylor. Mr. McBride, M. L. Co., Real Estate, Loans Merchants State Bank, The, General Banking, Richardton. Established Na-iminn was born in Hungary in 1853 and settled in Stark County Established 1905. 1907. 1903. He is married to Barbara Foeglcr; McDonald, Thomas Farmer, S. 28, T. 140, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. in they are the parents of J., Mergel. Anton, Farmer, S. 14, T. 137, R. 95, P O. Gladstone. Mr. three children. Mr. McDonald was born in New York in 1854 nnd settled in Stark Mergel was bom in Hungary in 1875 and settled in Stark County in married to Anna Oukrop; they are the Nautt, Ludwig, Farmer, S. 32, T. 138, R. 91, P. O. Richardton. Mr. County in 1SS2. He is 1906. He is married to Sophie Underwager; they have four children. Nautt was horn in Russin in 1883 and came to Stark County in 1895. parents of four children. Mertzluft, Valentine, Farmer, S. 6, T. 139. R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. is married to Christina Rossin; they arc the parents of two McGee, James, Farmer, S. 33, T 139, R. 99. P O. Belfield. Mr. McGee He Mertzluft was bom in Hungary in 1879 and settled in Stark County children. was born iu Missouri in 187S and settled in Stark County in 1910. pareuts of in 1911. He is married to Agnes Heich; they have four children. Neal, R. \V.. Farmer, S 2. T. 138, R. 94. P. O. Gladstone Mr Neal He is married to Idelln Degarmo; they are the two Neal was liorn in Iowa in 1852 and settled in Stark County in 1901. children. Mr. McGee has served as School Director. Messer. Jacob. Farmer. S. 6, T. 137, R. 91, P. O. Richardton. Mr. is to Bailey; five children. T. 139, R. 93, P. O. Taylor. Mr. McGrnw Messer was born iu Russin in 1882 and settled in Stark County in He married Lorinda E they hive McGrnw, P. J.. Farmer, S 18, was born iu Minnesota in 1860 and settled in Stark County in 1S84. 1901. He is married to Celestina Loran; tney are the parents of Nechvotal, Joseph, Farmer, S 2. T, 137, R, 95, P O. Lefor. Mr Nech- four children. He is mnrried to Mary Bloom; they have four children. votal was born in Austria in 1859 nnd settled in Stark County in Messer, Farmer, McGuire, G. L., Superintendent The Consolidated Coal Co., Lehigh. Mr. John. S. 12, T. 137, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. 1904. He is married to Louisa Krambcrger. McGuire was born in Illinois in 1870 and settled in Stark County in Messer was born in Russia in 1889 and settled in Stark County in Neihaus, F. W. H., Farmer, S. 4. T. 137, R 99, P. O. Gaylord. Mr. 1901. He is married to Palemater Stultz; they are the parents of Neihaus was born in Germany in 1872 nnd settled in Stark County McMartin, Donald, Farmer, S 30, T. 138, R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. two children. in 1906. He is married to Lillie Williams; they are the parents of ,e,Q -» r Messer, McMartin was born in Wisconsin irn 1878 and settled iu Stark County Phillip, Farmer, S. 12, T. 140, R. 93, P. O. Richardton. Mr. three children. r PATRONS' REFERENCE DIRECTORY. in 1906. is married to Swede; they are the parents of Rettinger was born in Hungary in 1850 nnd settled in Stark County Nelson. I. A.. Proprietor of Cafe and The Nelson Block, Contractor and He Emma as of Peace. in 1903. He is married to Annie Katherine; they arc the parents of Builder. Bclfield. 1SS3. one child. Mr. Peterson has served Justice Farmer. T. 139. R. 99, P. O. Belfield. Mr. Peter- seven children. Nenharth. John. Farmer, S 32. T. 13S. R. 91, P O Richardton. Mr. Peterson. J. O., S. 17. County in Reuti r, Bernhard, Farmer, S. 30, T. 13S, R. 97, P. Neuharth was born in Russia in 1S79 and settled in Stark County son was born in Minnesota in 1SS4 and settled in Stark O. Daglum. Mr. married Minnie Euglclmrtson; they nre the parents of Reuter was born in Russia in 1850 and settled in Stark County in in 1905. He is married to R. Heinle; they have four children. 1908 I-Ic is to 1910. lurried to Mary Keslner; they are New Imperial Hotel. W. A Mosher. Proprietor. Bclfield. one child. the patents ol b Petterson, Hans, Farmer, S. 22, T. 137, R 98, P. O. Daglum. Mr. children. Niclov. John. Farmer. S 50, T 138. R 97. P. O. , Daglum. Mr. Nicloy in Stark Reuter, John, Farin' ;r, S. 32, T. 140, R. P. Dickinson. W3s born in Illinois in 1SS4 and settled in Stark County in 1909. Pettcrson was born in Norway in 1S80 ami settled County 96, O Mr. Reu- ter was born i i Germany in 1854 nnd settled Nolan. Charles. Proprietor of Hotel Kihm and Farming, Dickinson. in 1905. He has served as Township Supervisor. in Stark County in Pettcrson. Ole, Farmer, S. 22. T. 137. R. 9S. P. O. Daglum. Mr. Petter- 190S. lurried to Augusta Linichinsky; they are the parents served ns County son was l>orn in Norway in 1SS2 and scltled in Stark County in 1906. of three children. Nolan. Miss Mary A . Dickinson. Miss Nolan has Richardton. Richard, Omer, Farmer, S. T. 139, R. Belfield. Superintendent of Schools, Fflug, Mathias, Farmer, S. 34, T. 137, R. 91. P. O. Mr. 15, 99, P. O. Mr. Rich- 1907. ard was horn in 1870 settled Noorloos. Gerrit, Fanner, S. 27, T. 139, R. 9S, P O. Zenith. Mr. Noor- Pflug was horn in Russia nnd settled in Stnrk County in He Canada in and in Stark County in 1907. He is uinrried St. loos was born in Holland in 1S6S and settle.! in Stark County in is married to Emma Muller; they arc the parents of one child. to Virginia Cyr; they are the parents of nine chil- dren. 1910 He is married to Adriana Maria Van Voorst; they are the Phiffer, Nik, Farmer, S. 22, T. 137, R. 94, P. O. Lefor. Mr. Phiffer was Richardton Milling parents of four children. born in Hungary nnd settled in Stark County in 1903. Co., Frank Kilzer, President; C. Fleck. Vi-e Presi- S. 22. 139. R 99. P O. Belfield Mr. Phillips, Dominick, Farmer. S. 2, T. 137. R. 93, P O. Richardton. Mr. dent; Jos. Kilzer, Secretary and Treasurer; Lumber and Farm Im- Nootnagel, H. N . Farmer, T plements, Nootnagel was born in Minnesota in 1S31 and settled in Stark Phillips was born in Hungary in 1S63 and settled in Stnrk County Richardton. Annie they the parents of Richaidtou Roller Mills, P County in 190S He is married to Flora L. Hatch; they are the in 1893. He is married to Engelmau; are J. , Schmidt, President; John A. Schmidt, parents of three children. seven children. Secretary and Treasurer; Merchant Millers, Kicharulon. Established T. 140. R. 99, P. O. Belfield. Mr. Pintar was 1906. Non! Dakota Herold. J. A. Nadolski. Editor. Adolph Lengowski. Manager, Pintar, John. Farmer. S. 8, Newspaper, Dickinson. Established 1906. born in Austria in 1378 and settled in Stark County in 1906. He is Ridl, Chas.. Farmer, S. 20, T. 140, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Ridl was born Nubcr. Peter. Farmer, S. 12, T. 137, R. 95. P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Nuber married to Maggie Canade. in Russia in 1SS5 and settled in Stark County in 1898, Ridl, was born’in Hungary in 1S63 and settled in Stark County in 1S9S. Pioneer Cigar Co., L. Tobias, Proprietor. Cigar Manufacturer, Dickinson. Frank Jr., Farmer, S. 10, T. 139, R. 97, P. O. Dicxinson. Mr. 137, Roll was in He is married to Barbara Ebach; they have six children. Pipke, Christ, Farmer. S. 12. T. R. 91, P. O. Hebron. Mr. I’ipke born Stark County in 1892. He is married to Rosie V. was born in Russia in 1861 nnd settled in Stark County in 1S95. Tintera. Pirkl, Isadore, Farmer. S. 12. T. 140, R. 96. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. I’irkl Ridl, Frank A., Former, S. 20, T. 140, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Ridl was born in Russia in 1S90 nnd came to Stark County in 1893. He was liorn in Russin in 1SS3 and settled in Stark County in 1898. Obritschkewitsch, Frank. Farmer, S. 14. T. 157, R. 97, P. O. Schefield. is married to Marv Hurich; thev are the parents of two children. He is married to Mary Havelka; they are the pareuts of three chil- Mr. Obritschkewitsch was born in Russia in 1858 and settled in IS, R. I*. Dickinson. Pirkl, J. S . Farmer, S. T 140, 95, O. Mr. Pirkl is to Schaffer; they Stark County in 1S91 He married Annie M. in 1891. Ridl, Frank Farmer, was born i:i Russia m I860 nnd settled Stark Countv in He J., S. 18, T 140, R. 97, I>. O. Dickinson. Mr. Ridl are the pareuts of nine children. is married to Theresa Mihulkn; they nre the parents of five children. was born in Russia in 1879 nnd settled i u Stark County in 1890. Henry. Farmer, S. 24. T. 139, R. 97 P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Ochsenfeld, Carl, Farmer. S. 26. 140, R. 99. P. O. Belfield. Mr. He is married to Podolanzuk, T Mary Pavlichek; thev nr : the parents ol Oclisenfeld was born in Hungary in 1S65 nnd settled in Stark two cliil- Podolanzuk was born in Austria in 1S71 and settled in Stark County dren. Mr. Ridl has served ns School nre the Clerk. County in 1901. He is married to Susie Wagner; they Ridl, Farmer, in 1902. He is married to Agnes Lenhardt; they are the parents of John, S. 13. T. 140, R 96, I’. O. Dickinson. Ridl parents of three children. Mr. five children. was born in Russia in 1877 and settled in Stark County 1891. Olds, H. M.. Proprietor Dickinson Candy Shop, Manufacturer of Cnndies m Poulish, John Jr., Farmer, S. 24, T. 140, R. 9S, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. He is married to Anna Paulis; they are the parents of five and Ice Cream. Dickinson. Established 190S. children. Poulish was born in Russia in 1S82 nnd settled in Stark County in Ridl, Joseph Jr., Farmer, S. 10, T. 139, R. 97. P. O. Dickinson. Olheiscr. Johann, Farmer. S 15. T. 158, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson Mr. Mr. 1897. He is married to Mary Urbanitz; they are the parents of Ridl was born in Austria in 1881 and came to Stark County Olheiser was born in Russia in 1S61 and settled in Stark County in 1891. three children. He is married to Mary Pavlisli; they are the parents of five children. in 1911. He is married to Odelia Schmidt; they are the parents of Pound. Fred L-, Farmer, S. 12. T. 139, R. 94, P. O. Taylor. Mr. Pound Rieckmann, Herman, Farmer, S. 8, T. 138, R. eleven children. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. was born in Iowa in 1S75. He is married to Eva Logan; thev are RieckuiHiin was born in Germany in lSSl and settled in Olhesier. Stannislaus, Farmer, S. 15. T. 138, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Stark County the parents of eight children. In 190a. He is murrietl to Annie Reinlioldt; Mr. Olheiser was born in Russia in 1877 and settled in Stnrk County they nre the pareuts of Prnus, Julius Jr., Farmer, S. 4, T. 138, R. 96. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. three children. in 1911. He is married to Florendena Mosbrocker; they are the Praus was horn in Russia in 1SS7 and settled in Stark County in Riemati, Curl, Farmer, S. 8, T. 137, R.95, P. parents of three children. O. Diekinsou. Mr. Rietnan 19)2 He is m irried to Mary Huska; they are the pirentsof two was born in Germany in 1S63 anti settled in Olson. O. F.. Farmer, S. 5. T. 139, R. 99. P. O. Belfield. Mr. Olson Stark County in 1902. children. He is married to Gustie Luhm.ui; was born in Norway in 1867 and settled in Stark County in 1911. they are the parents of nine cliil- Praus, Julius Sr.. Farmer. S. 8, T. 13S, R. 96, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. re "; Rieman has served as Pathmaster and School Director. He is married to Ida Wulfl; they are the parents of five children. „ :! Praus was born in Russia in 1850 and settled in Stark County in Riva, B. W., Farmer. S. 2, T. 139, R. Oraw, Gustav, Farmer, S. 21. T 157, R. 97. P. O. Schefield. Mr. Oraw 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Riva 1902. He is married to Katherine Kunhardt; they are the parents was born in Bohemia in 1S56 was born in Russia in 1S70 and settled in Stark County in 1903. and settled in Stark County in 1892. of eight children. He is married to Bohumiln Kricek; are He is married to WuraTubra; they are the parents of three children. they the parents of one child. Pronovost. Amie, Farmer, S. 30. T. 137, R. 99, P. O. Gaylord. Mr. Robbins. Janies, Farmer, Osborn, A. Photographer, Dickinson. 1S91. S. 32, T. 137, R. 99, P. O Gaylord. Mr. Rob- J.. Pronovost was born in Canada in 1S59 and settled in Stark County bms was born in <). Wisconsin in 1870 and settled in Stark County in Osborn. John E . Farmer. S. 10. T. 13S, R. 98, P South Heart. Mr. in 1910. He is married to Emilie Charthier; they are the parents of 190/ He is married to Osborn was born in Minnesota in 1SSS and came to Stark County Alice Leng; they are the parents of four eleven childreu. children. Mr. Robbins in 1911. 1ms served ns Township Supervisor. Pugh, Thos. H., Attornev-at-Law, Real Estate and Collections, Dickinson. Roeder, Ludwig, Farmer, S. Onkrop, Albert. Farmer. S. 10, T. 140. R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. IS, T. 137, R 97, P. O. Schefield. Mr. 1910. e VaS ’° rn Russia Oukrop was born in Bohemia in 1S61 and settled in Stark County in V, in 1S77 nnd settled in Stark County in H s marr ‘ed 1SS6. is married to Mary Vranna; they have three children. to Julia Wandler; they are the pareuts of He , f' eight children. Onkrop. Henry, Farmer, S. 1, T. 140. R. 9S. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Quam, Henry, Farmer. S. IS. T. 139, R. 91. P. O. Antelope. Mr. Quant Roether, Joseph, Farmer. Oukrop was born in Minnesota in 1S74 and came to Stark County in S. 28, T. 139, R. 92. P. O. Richardton. Mr was born in Minnesota in 1S75 and settled in Stark County in 1911. ther WaS b0,n in Russia 1863 and settled in Stark 1SS1. He is married to Helen Chasek. ^m u a "! County in He is married to Julia Greflhen; thev are the parents of two chil- * ' S mamc“ to Maggie Jochem; they nre the parents of five dren. children Frank Farmer. S. T. 140. Quell, J., 6. R. 93, P. O. Taylor. Mr. Quell RoHer Bergerin, Farmer. S. S. T. 138, R. P. Frank. Farmer. S. 32, T. 15S, R. S7. P O. Dickinson Mr. Pachl 96, O. Dickinson. Mr. Pachl, was born in Michigan in 1878 nnd settled in Stark el County in 1909. K“ dS ,>or " ln Austria in iSSS and settled in was born in Russia in 1S77 and settled in Stark County in 1900. He £ Stark County in He is married to Anna Berger; they are the parents of one child. 189— He is married to Annie Hanel; thev are the parents of five children. Bertzel; they are the parents of is married to Mary eleven children. ^ Paddock. August. Farmer. S. 13, T 140, R. 94, P. O. Taylor. Mr. Roller Bergerin Jr., Farmer, S 22. T. 137, Paddock was bom in Germany in 1873 and settled in Stark Countv R. 97. P. O. Schefield. Mr. Rainy Butte Land Co.. Chas. Luhnmnn. President; Roller was born in Rusda in in 1911. Theo. E Just, Treas- 1S87 and settled in Stark County in urer; F. Maser. Secretary; North Dakota and Canada Lands, Palasma, Fred. Farmer. S. 12. T. 157, R. 9S, P. O. Daglutn. Mr. Dickin- : the pareuts of son. Established 1901. was born in Russia in 1875 and settled in Stark Palasma County in Roller, Rambousek, Joseph. Farmer, S. 6. T. 140, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Franz. Farmer, S. 8, T. 137, R 97, 1903. He is married to Annie Wolberg; they are the parents of 1S39. P O. Daglum. Mr. Roller was liorn in Russia Raschko. Michael, Farmer, S. 31, T. 137, R. 94. P. <). Lefor. Mr. in 1869 and settled— Stark County in 1908. four children. ‘ He Raschko was born in Hung try in 1864 and settled is married Margaret Grienvaldt; Palm, Louie. Farmer. S. 27. T. 139. R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr Palm in Stark County they are the parents of five in 1S97. children. was born in North Dakota in 18S4. He is married to L. Messmer; G., Proprietor St. Charles Roller, Joseph, Farmer. S. they are the parents of two children. Ray, W. Hotel. Representative 31st District 12. T. 138. R 97. P. ( Dickinson. Mr. Stark County and Alderman Third Ward, Dickinson. 1883. Roller was born in Russia in 1884 Parker, C F Sons, Dealers in Meats and Groceries. Dickinson. and settled i Stnrk County in J. & 1907. Rebel, Anton. Farmer. S 28. T. 138, R. ' mnrried to Pathmaim, Henry, Dealer in Farm Machinery, Grain, Flour and Feed, 93, P. O Taylor. Mr. Rebel Mary Kubister; they ire the parents of born in Hungary in three childi Richardton. 1S97. was 1S69 and settled in Stark County in 190S. He is married to Barbara Naumau; Roller, Karl. Far ncr, S. 22, 139, Pavlichek. Steve. Farmer. S. 12. T. 140. R. 96. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. they are the parents of ten chil- T. R 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Rolb dren. Russia in Pavlichek was born in Russia in 1878 and settled in Stark County in 1864 and settled in Stark County in 1899. He Rebendorf, George, Farmer, S. 34, T. 137, R. 9S, P. O. Daglum. Mr. _ Annie Poulas; they a.. the parents„ lcll 1911. He is married to Fanny Jilek; they are the parents of five . , , F of eleven children, Rebendorf was in Rus Rombousek. Joseph. Farmer, ~ " children. bom ia in 1865 and settled in Stark S. 6, T. 140, R. 97, I*. „. Dicki County in 1908. He is married to UStk " aS b rn Pehrsson, lohn. Farmer, S. 6. T. 138. R. 99, P. O. Belfield. Mr. Pehrsson Katherine Woschok; they are the ° Auslria iu 1861 and settled iu’Vtaric County parents of child. inTs.S9 was born in North Dakota in 1SS6 and settled Stnrk County one in in Roquette, Frank. 1908. Rebmann, Gottfried, Farmer, S. 4, T. 137, R. 91. P. O. Richardton. Mr. County Commissioner 2nd District, Dickinson. 1891. Rebmann was born in Russia in 1887 settled in Stark Roquette. Jacob. Farmer, S. Pelton, Austin, Superintendent Dakota Fjel Co., S. 8. T. 139, R. 95, P. and County in 6. T. 139, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. 1909. He is married. to M. Seivert. " ,,S b°r n Iowa in 1864 O. Dickinson. Mr. Pelton was Wn in New York in 1873 and " \ an<1 sculed Star k County in Recorder- Pos', The, Carter Whaley, 1906 5He is married settled in Stark County in 1912 He is married to Nettie Cherry; & Editors and Proprietors, News- to L. Bedford. paper, Dickinson. Roth, Martin they are the parents of three children. Jr Farmer S. 17. T. 137, R. 92. P. O. Richardton. Mr. Redmonds, John F.. Farmer. S. Koin was Horn Pelton, F. W.. Farmer, S. 22, T. 140, R. 95, P. O Dickinson. Mr. Pelton 20, T. 140, R. 99. P. O. Belfield. Mr. m Hungary. He is mnrried to Anna Flolir; thev nre Redmonds was boru the parents was born in New York in 18S0 ami Came to Stark County in 1886. in 1858 and settled in Stark Countv in 1911. of one child. Reed Bros., married to Rosie Ridl; they 1899. He is are the parents of four 1898. is He married to Elizabeth Schutz; they are the parents of was born in Hungary in 1873 and settled in Stark County in 1908. children. three children. He is married to Annie Sang; they nre the parents of six children. Sanders, Theo., Farmer, S. 6, T. 139, R. 98, P. O. Zenith. Mr. Sanders Schroeder, Joseph. Farmer, S. 32. T. 137. R. 94, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Staat, Peter. Farmer, S. 22. T. 137, R. 94, P. in Holland in 1875 and settled in O. Gladstone. Mr. Stoat was born Stark County in 1910. Schroeder was bom in 1906. Hungary iu 1884 and came to Stark County was born in Hungary iu 1875 and settled in Stark Countv in 1904. He is married to Dena Van Udcn; they have five children. in 1892. He is married to Anna Seiler; they are the parents of He is married to Theresa Ilipp. Saiulvik, Lewis, Parmer, S. 32, T. 137, R. 98. P, O. Daglum. Mr. Sand- three children. Stanger, Andy, Farmer, S. 30, T. 139, R. 93. P. O. Taylor. Mr. Stangcr vik was born in Norway in 1872 and settled in Stark County in Schroeder, Philip, Farmer, S. 21, T. 137, R. 94. P. O. Lefor. Mr. was born in in 1872 Tvcila; Norway and settled in Stark' Couuty in 1907. He is married to Barbara they are the parents of two Schroeder was born in Hungary in 1SSS. and came to Stark County Stanger. Knute, Funner, S. 30. T. 139, R 93, P. O. Tailor.' Mr. Stan- children. in 1892. He is married to Theresa Reinlel; they are the parents of ger was born in Norway in 1871 and settled in Stark County in Saltier, Jacob. Farmer, S. 20, T. 140, R. 93, I’. O. Taylor. Mr. Sattler two children. 1892. He is married to Rosy Brand; they have four children. was born in Russia in 1884 and came to Stark County in 1892. He Schucssler, Mrs. Farming, Adam. S. 8, T. 139. R. 99, P. O nelfield. Stark County Officials:—J. L. Hughes, County Auditor; Genevieve White, is married to Regiun Stocke; they are the parents of two children. Born in Germany in 1857 and settled in Stark County iu 1897. She Deputy County Auditor; Geo. W Kilmer, County Treasurer; Farmer. S 18, T. 139, R. P. John Sattler, John J., 92, O. Rich.irdton. Mr. is married to Adam Schuessler; they are the parents of three Reuter, Jr., Deputy Treasurer; Geo. J. Brown, Countv Sherilt; Ellis Sattler was born in Russia in 1870 and settled in Stark County in children. G. Hollst and A. J Weiler. Deputy Sheriffs; John Lcask, Register 1892. He is married to Anna Ziuimcrmann; they are the pirents of Schumacher, Joseph, Farmer, S. 30, T. 139, R. 97, I*. O. South Heart. of Deeds; Stella V. Boulger, Deputy Register of Deeds; Valentine Mr. Schumacher was born in Germany in 1849 and settled in Stark Koch, Clerk District Court; Fred Maser, Probate T. 140. Judge; C. E. Sattlcn'su" Firmer. S. 21. R. 93. P. O. Taylor. Mr. Sat- County in 1906. He is married to Margaret Schumacher; they are Ward, Superintendent of Schools; Emma K. Ward. Depul v Super- tler ivn b »rn in Russia in 1876 and settled in Stark County in 1892. the parents of six children. intendent of Schools; J. P. Cain. State's Attorney; Delbert Hughes, lie is married to Kuroline Proun; they are the parents of six chil- Schumacher, Margaret. Farming S. 30, T. 139, R. 97, P. O. South Heart. Chairman, County Commissioner 1st District; F. A. RoqueUe, Com- Mrs. Schumacher was born iu iu 1849 Ohio and settled in Stark missioner, 2nd District; A. F. Mischcl, Commissioner, 3rd District. Farmer, S. 137, Sauvageau, Armani, 23, T R 97. P. O. Givlord. Mr. Countv in 19U6. She is married to Joseph Schumacher. Starke, C. H , at , Attorney Law, Dickinson. 1908. is , Sauvageau w born ii i North Dakota i 138? . came to Slark Schulz, Peter, Farmer, S. T. 137, R. 91, P. 6, O. Richardton. Mr. Schulz Stnudingcr, George, Farmer, S. 2, T. 140, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. County in 1907 born in was Hungary in 1857 and settled in Stark County in 1903. Staudinger is married to Rosie Smith. Eugene, Farmer, S 14, T. 137, ! 99, P. O. Givlord. Mr. is Sauvageau. He married to Katrin Bochaler; they are the parents of nine Sleekier, John, Farmer, S. 24, 140, - ' r> *- '°‘ c T. R. 95, P. O. Gladstone. Mr. Sauvageau w a Canada in 1855 and settled ii Stark County children. Steckler was born in Russia in 1865 and settled in Stark County in in 1910. He is rnarrie:d to Josephine Fugere; they are the parents Schummer, Jacob, Farmer, S T. 31, 137, R. 95. P. O. New England. Mr. 1893. He is married to Wilhelinina Krank; tliev arc the parents of of nine children. Schummer was born in Hungary in 1883 and settled in Stark County seven children. Sauvageau, Gustave, Farmeir. S. 3. T. 137, R. 99, P. O. Gaylord. Mr. in 1902. He is married to Katie Reittinger; they are the parents Steckler, Peter. Farmer, S. 14, T. 139, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. 1909. Sauvageau was born ii i North Dakota in 1887 and settled in Stark of four children. Mr. Steckler is married to Phillippcna Heil; they are the parents 1908. ii married to County in He s Mary Marchand; they are the Schutz, Joseph, Farmer, S. S, T 137, R. 93. I>. O. Taylor. Mr. Schutz of eight children. parents of one child. was born in Hungary in 1880 to Stark and came Couuty in 1S94. He Steiger, Christian, Farmer, S. 10. T. 139, R. 91, P. O. Hebron. Mr. Scliaaf, Philip, Farmer, S. 2, T. 140, R. 93, P. O. Richardton. Mr. is married to Annie Hirschenheiter; they of five are the parents Steiger was born in Russin in 1867 and settled iu Stark County iu Sehaaf was born in Russia in 1863 and settled in Stark County in children. 1901. 1910. He is married to Monica Renner; they are the parents of Schutzman, Wilhelm, Farmer. S 12, T. 140, R. 93, P. O. Richardton. Steiner, Roclius, Farmer, S. 26, T. 137, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. eight children. Mr. Schutzman was born iu Russia iu 1878 settled in and Stark Steiner was born in Russia in 1885 and came to Stark County in John, Farmer, S. 10, T. 137, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. County in 1892. He is married to are Schank, Barbara Messer; they the 1891. He is married to Helena Deitriclr, they are the parents of was born in Hungary in 1861 and settled in Stark County parents of six children. Schank two children. Mr. Steiner has served as School Director. in 1897. He is married to Theresa Metzger; they are the parents of Schwartz,1907.John, Farmer. S. 18, T. 137. R. 96, P. O. Schefield. Stevens, Mr. David W., Engineer and Contractor, S. 4, T. 139, R. 99, P. O. three children. Schwartz was born in Hungary in 1859 and settled in Stark County Belfield. Mr. Stevens was born iu Michigan in 1881 and settled in Stockraiser, S. 22, T. 137, R. 92, P. O. 1906. Schank, Peter, Farmer and in He is married to Annie Overding; they are the parents of Stark County in 1910. He is married to Karn Nelson. Richardton. Mr. Schank was born in Hungary in 18SS and came to eight children. Sticka, A., Farmer, S. 20. T. 137, R. 96, P. G. Schefield. Mr, Sti cka Stark County in 1897. He is married to Theresa Rettinger; they Schwartz, Max, Proprietor South Side Cash Store, Belfield. was born in Russia in 1884 and came to Stark County in 1898. He parents of children. Mr. Schank has served as School Schwartz Singer, Proprietors are the two & South Side Department Store, Dry Goods, is married to Mathilda Jutt; they are the parents of four children. Groceries, Clothing, Treasurer. Shoes, Furniture anil Hardware, Dickinson. Sticka, Ignatz, Farmer. S. 18, T. 137, R.-96, P. O. Schefield. Mr. Sticka Co., Dealers in Farm Implements and Harness, Belfield. Established 1906. Scharf. C. W. & was born in Russia in 1870 and settled in Stark County in 1898. He 1910. Edward Established Schwehr, P.. Farmer, S. 34, T. 139, R. 99, P. O. Belfield. Mr. is married to Mary Berger; they are the parents of nine children, 13. Farm Lands and Proprietor Fertile Valley Stock Farm, Scliwehr was liorn iu Canada in 18S0 and settled in Stark County Scharf, J . in Sticka, Ludwig. Farmer, S. 20, S. 137, R. 96, P. O. Schefield. Mr. Sticka T. 143. R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. 1906. He is married to Elizabeth Winkels; they are the S. 27, L. parents was born in Russia in 1869 and settled in Stark Countv iu 1898. He Farmer, S. 16, T 131, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. 1892. of one child. is Scharosch, Nick, married to Monica Jordan; they are the parents of thirteen Scherflius, M. A., Jeweler and Optician and N. P. Railway Watch In- Schweitz, Adam, Farmer, S. 30, T. 13S, R. 91, I’. O. Antelope. Mr. children. 1906. born spector, Dickinson. Schweitz was in Russia in 1887 and came to Stark Countv in Stickney, Dr. V. H., Physician and Surgeon, Dickinson. 1883. Dr. Gladstone. Schiwal, Anton, Farmer, S. 1, T. 137, R. 94, P. O. Mr. 1892. Stickney has served as Vice President First Nationul Bank and was Schiwal was born in Hungary in 1865 and settled in Stark Couuty Schwindt, Mathias, Farmer, S. 12, T. 137, R. 96. P. O. Schefield. Mr. the first President of Dickinson Commercial Club. Anna they are the parents of in 1900. He is married to Mary Giel; Schwindt was born in Russia in 1869 and settled in Stark County in Stickney & Beach, Drs., (Dr. V H. Stickney and Dr. R. H. Beach) nine children. 1899. He is married to Katherine Ell; they are the parents of Physicians and Surgeons, Dickinson. Farmer, 30. T. R. P. O. Gladstone. Mr. seven children. Schlapman, Anton, S. 139, 94. Stieg, Carl, Farmer. S. 9. T. 138, R. 92. P. O. Richardton. Mr. Stieg in in 1875 and came to Stark County Basil. Farmer, S. 28. 140, R. P. O. Schlapman was born Germany Scraba, T. 98, South Heart. Mr. was born in Germany in 1855 and settled in Stark County in 1886. in 1883. He is married to Anna Simon; they are the parents of Scraba was born iu Austria in 1867 and settled in Stark County in He is married to Recka Fiss; they have nine children. seven children. 1907. Stoffels, P. J. Farmer, S. 26. T. 139, R. 98, P. O South Heart. Mr. T. 139. P. O. Belfield. Mr Schlc- Seiler, John, Farme', S. 32. T. 1 iS, R. 94. P. O. Lefor. Mr. Schlewitz, Dan, Farmer, S. 11, R 99, Seiler was StofTels was born in Holland in 1866 and settled in Stark County in witz was born iu Germany in 1872 anil settled in Stark County in born in Hungary in 1863 and settled in Stark County in 1898. He 1909. He is married to Mallaut: Johanna they are the p irents of 1912. He is married to Emma L- Grohn; they have four children. is married to Lizzie Scheffler; tliev have eight children. five children. Schliesser, Kurt, Assessor. S. 8, T. 139, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Sekora, Anton. Farmer, S. 4, T. 140, R. 95, P. O Dickinson. Mr. Sekora Stoll, John, Sr., Farmer, S. 34, T. 139, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. 1897. in to Stark County was born in Russia in 1873 and settled in in 1S97. Stoll Schliesier was born in Germany 1876 and came Stark County was born in Hungary in 1861 and settled iu Stark County in is married to Aneska 1904. County in 1884. He Fisher; they have seven children. He is married to Barbara Bucskbach; they are the parents of Schmid, John, Minister and Farmer, S. 22, T. 139, R. 91, P. O Antelope. Selinger, Gregor, Farmer, S. 22. T. 137, R. 97, P. O. Schefield. Mr. four children. i Stark Mr. Schmid was born in Germany in 1868 and settled in Selinger was born in Russia In 1879 and settled in Stark County in Stotzel, Carl, Farmer. S. 12. T. 140, R. 99, P. O. Belfield. Mr, Stotzel Koglin; they a 1898. is married to Anna Wandler; are the County iu 1910. He is married to Nellie L. He they parents of was born in 1879 and settled in Stark County in 1909. He is married parents of four children. seven children. Mr. Selinger has served as School Clerk. to Lucy Wingeier; they are the parents of one child. Frank, Farmer, S. 34, T. 138, R. 92, P O. Richardton. Mr. Sell man, J. W., Livery, Feed and Sale Stable. Belfield. 1886. Stoxeu, H C., Farmer, S 32, T. 140, R 93. P. (). Taylor. Schmidt,1897. Mr. Stoxen Schmidt was born in Hungary in 1890 and came to Stark County Semerad, John, Farmer, S. 32, T. 140, R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. was born in Illinois in 1865 and settled in Stark County iu 1891. He iu 1897. He is married to Eva Schaible. Semerad was born in Russia in 187S and settled in Stark County iu is married to Sophia Dohrmaiin; they are the parents of five children. Schmidt, Gottleib, Farmer, S. 32, T. 137. R. 94, P. O. Lefor. Mr. 1899. He is married to Annie Franzel; tliev have eight children. Stransky, Emil, Farmer, S. 22, T. 139. R. 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Schmidt was horn in Russia in 1881 and settled in Stark County in Severance, Frank L., Farmer, S. 32, T. 139, R. 99. P. O. Belfield. Mr. Strausky was bom in Austria in 1879 and came to Stark County in 1912. He is married to Barbara Herr; they are the parents of four Severance was born in Wisconsin in 185Sand settled iu Stark County 18S8 He is married to Minnie Ridl; they are the parents of eight children. in 19li7. He is married to Martha May Hessoug; they are the children. Strieker, Schmidt. John, Farmer, S. 2, T. 137, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. parents of two children. Frank, Farmer, S. 34, T. 137, R. 93. P. O. Mott. Mr. Strieker Schmidt was bom in Hungary iu 1888 and came to Stark County in Shurtliff. J. H., Farmer, S 1, T. 139, R. 95. P. O. Gladstone. Mr. was born in Hungary in 1883 and settled in Stark County iu 1906. in in settled in He is married to Mary Jorden; they are the parents of two Shurtliff was born Wisconsin 1S75 and Stark County Strom, Andrew, Farmer, S. 4, T 134. R. 93, P. O. Tailor. Mr. Strom children. in 1905. He is married to Annie Larsen; tliev are the parents of was born in Sweden in 1861 and settled in Stark' Countv iu 1903. Schmidt, Josef. Farmer, S. 28. T. 138, R. 96. P. G. Gladstone. Mr. four children. He is married to Hilma Quick; they are the parents of eight children. Schmidt was born in Hungary in 1872 and settled in Stark County Shypkoski, Prokop, Farmer, S. 4, T. 140, R 99, P. O. Belfield. Mr. Stroud, 1-. E., Farmer, S. 2, T. 139, R. 98, P. O. South Heart. Mr. in 1908. He is married to Mary Maesuer; they are the parents of Shypkoski was born iu Austria in 1S66 and settled in Stark Couuty Stroud was born in Iowa in 1874 and settled iu Stark County iu two children. in 1903. He is married to Emma Olenick; they are the parents of 1907. He is married to Lena Meyer; they are the parents of Gve R. P. O. Gladstone. Mr. one child. children. Schmidt, Joseph J., Farmer, S. 28, T. 139, 95, Schmidt was born in Hungary iu 1888 and came to Stark Couuty in Sibbert, Hans. Farmer, S. 33, T. 139, R. 93. P. O. Taylor. Mr. Sibbert Sunde, Thormod, Farmer, S 24, T. 137, R. 98, P. O. Daglum. Mr. in 1884 settled in Stark in 1911. Siinde He is married to Kntheriua Schiwal; they are the parents of was born in Germany and County was born in Norway in 1879 and settled in Stark County iu two children. Sibley, Simon, Farmer, Breeder of and Dealer iu Thoroughbred Horses, 1908. He is married to Bertha Hendrickson; they are the parents Schmidt, Nikolaus, Farmer, S. 32, T. 139. R. 95. P. O. Dickinson. Mr. S. 14, T. 139, R 97, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Sibley was born in of three children. Mr. Sunde has served as Township Supervisor. settled iu Stark County Michigan in 1S47 and settled in Stark County in 1897. He is Schmidt was bom iu Hungary in 1862 and Swanson, John J., Farmer, S. 4, T. 139, R. 98, P. O. Zenith. Mr. Swan- the parents of to Anna Ames; tliev arc the parents of nine children. in 1897. He is married to Katie Mohr; they are married son was born in Sweden in 1876 and settled in Stark County iu 1907. children. Sievert. Gottfried, Farmer, S. 10.' T. 137, R. 91, P. O. Richardton. Mr. eleven Swenning. Nels G.. Farmer, S. 26, T. 138, R. v4, P. O. Gladstone, air. Peter, Farmer, S. 31, T. 139, R. 89, P. O, Dickinson. Mr. Sievert was born in Russia in 1868 and settled in Stark Couuty in Schmidt, Sivenniiig was born in Norwni in 1865 and settled in Stark County in 1891 and came to Stark County in 1895. He is married to L. Beach; they are the parents of ten chil- Schmidt was born in Hungary in 1894. He is married to Bertha Gunderson; they are dren. the parents 1897. He is married to Lena Dossinger. of eight children. Richardton. Mr. Geo Sr., Farmer, S. 8, T. 137, R. 94, P, O. Lefor. Mr. Sigl was R. P O. Sigl, , Schmitt, Frank J., Farmer, S. 8, T. 138, 91, 1904. Schmitt was born in Russia in 1884 and came to Slark County in born in Hungary in 1S58 and settled in Stark County in He to Lizzie Loring; they are the parents of seven children. 1891. He is married to S. Hoffman; they are the parents of one is married 3, R. P. Dickinson. Mr. Sim- Simonis, J. J., Farmer, S. T. 138, 96, O. Tauimen, Mrs. Farming, child. H , S. 10, T. 140. R. 93, P. O. Taylor. Born in 13S. P O. Richardton. Mr. onis was born in Prussia in 1854 and settled in Stark Couuty in 1910. Schmitt, Johannes, Farmer, S. S, T. R. 91, Germany iu 1880 ami settled in Stark County in 1906. She is Stark in is married to Mary Hasling; they are the parents of eleven chil- Schmitt was born in Russia in 1846 and settled iu County He married to Herman Tumuien; they are the parents of five children. parents of seven dren. 1891. He is married to E. Michel; they are the Tanberg. Anton, Farmer. S. 14, T. 138, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson Mr. Simpson. Hon. L. A., Attorney-at-Law, State Senator, Stark County, and children. Tanberg was born iu Minnesota in 1874 and settled in Stark County Antelope. Mr. Vice President Gladstone State Bank. Dickinson. 1889. Mr. Simp- Schneider, Fred, Farmer, S. 32, T. 139, R 91, P. O. in 1897. He is married to Alvina Grenlmgen. Mr. Tunberg has Senator number years and also Schneider was born in Russia iu 1859 and settled in Stark County in son has served ns State for a of served as Town Director. are the parents of served as Representative and State's Attorney. 1889. He is married to Mageliua Kizen; they Theisman, Michael, Farmer, S. 8, T. 137, R. 93, P. O. Taylor. Mr. Plumbing and Heating, Dickinson. i905 eleven children. Smith, F. J., Theismnn wns born iu Hungary in 1865 and settled in Stark County Mr. Farmer, S. 18, T. 139, R. 99. P. O. Belfield. Mr. Smith Schneider. G., Farmer, S. 27, T. 139. R. 91, P O. Antelope. Smith, M. M , in 1902. Minnesota iu 1887 and settled in Stark County in 1909. Sclin6ider was born iu Russia in 18S1 and settled in Stark County in was born in Ther, George, Farmer. S. 20, T. 137, R. 95, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Ther is married to Stella Gill; they are the parents of one child He was born in Hungary in 1883 and settled iu Stark County in 1903. Orrin, Farmer, S. S, T. 138, R. 99, I’. O. Belfield. Mr. Smith Schjieider.' Henry, Farmer, S. 4. T. 13S, R. 91, P. O. Antelope. 1S90. Smith, He is married to Katie Kepinger. was born in Pennsylvania in 1859 and settled in Stark County in He is married to Maggie Rnuf. Thomas, Jacob. Fnrmer, S. 18, T. 139, R. 92, P. O. Richardton. Mr. Mr. 1907. is married to Belle Furman. Mr. Smith lias served as Schneider, John, Farmer, S. 12. T. 137. R. 94. P. O Lefor He Thomas was born in Russin in 1857 and settled iu Stark County in Treasurer. Schneider was born in Hungary in 1SS2 and came to Stark County Township 1891. He is married to G. Heidt; they are the parents of seven the parents of Smitt, Karl K., Farmer, S. 30, T. 137. R. 9S, P. O. Daglum. Mr. Smitt in 1898 He is married to Anna Reiner; they are children. born in Russia in 1870 and settled in Stark County in 1903. five children. Mr. Schneider has served as School Treasurer. was Thorkelson, B. O., Cashier First State Bank, South Heart. Mr. Thorkel- Richardton. Mr. is married to Elizabeth Magilge; they are the parents of eight Schncll. Franz. Farmer. S. 9, T. 139. R. 92, P. O. He son was born in North Dakota iu 1838 ami came to Stark County in Stark County in children. Sclincll was born in Russin in 1849 and settled in 1913. He is married to Florence L. Crowell; they are tile parents parents of nine Sorenson, Andrew, Farmer, S. 4, T. 138, R. 98, P. O. Zenith. Mr. Sor- 1S92. He is married to Mary Engel; they are the of one child. enson was born iu Wisconsin in 1882 and settled in Stark County in Thornton. Farmer. children. Wm. A . S. 2, T. 139, R. 98, P. O. South Heart. Mr. . „ , , „ , , Schoch 1907. He is married to Ida Truelscn. Schoch, Mike, Farmer, S. 28, T. 137. R. 97, P. O. Schefie-d Mr. Thornton was bom in Iowa in 1872 and settled in Stark County in 191)2. Butler. (Janies Soules and Roy Butler) Dealers in Hardware, was bom in Russia in 1881 and settled in Stark County in Soules & 1908. He is married to Elizabeth Ogg. of two children. Lumber and Farm Machinery, Dickinson. Established 1905. He is married to Anna Reis; they are the parents Tinglum, Mikal, Farmer. S. 14. T. 137, R. 98. P. O. Daglum. Mr. South Side Cash Store, Max Schwartz, Proprietor, Dealer in General Mer- Tinglum was born iu Norway in 1878 Schocberlc, Mathias, Farmer, S. 24, T. 137, R. 93. P. O Richardton. and settled in Stark County in chandise, Belfield. 1906. He is married to Mr. Schoeberle was born in Hungary in 1863 and settled in Stark Josephine Johnson: they arc the parents of South Side Department Store, Schwartz & Singer, Proprietors, Dickinson. one child. County in 1902. He is married to Frnncis Sterhan. Spear, Dr. A. E., Physician and Surgeon, Belfield. 1911. Tobias. Louis. Propriteor Pioneer Cigar Co.. Cigar Manufacturers. Dickin- T. 138, R. 92. P. F. Richardton. Mr. Schorsch, John, Farmer, S. 28, son. Established in Staat, Nick, Farmer, S. 32, T. 13S, R. 96, P. O. Dickinson. Mr. Stoat 1907. Scliorsch was born in Hungary in 1882 and came to Stark County H i 74 PATRONS’ REFERENCE DIRECTORY t'wmesky. Pelerm, Farmer, S. IS. T. 140, R. 94. P. O. Gladstone. Mr. 1S98. He is married to Magdolenn Fischer; thev are the parents Tormeskv of kels",,!,.,'" ii. 1S73 ntul was born in Hungary in 1S65 and settled in Stork County eleven children. sollle.l in Stnrk County |„ in 1899. 1907. He is married to Mary Rausch; they He is married to Eva Gotz; they hove seven children. Wandier, Dominick, Farmer, are the parents of nine“ e S. 2. T. 137, R. 9S, P. O. Dnglum. Mr. children. Mr. W'inkels has served Tottine ham, Thomas. Proprietor The Mitchell' Barber Shop. Dickinson. Wandier born as School Director. was in Russia in 1S92 and came to Stark County in Wintheroth. W'ilhelm, 19>6. Farmer, S. 2. T. 130, R. 92, p o Richardton 1897. He is married to Katie Greff. Mr. Wintheroth Towne. C. G.. Former, S. 14. T. 140, R 99. P. O. Relfield. Mr. Toxvne was born in Russia I860 and settled Wandier, Fred. Farmer. S. 30, T 137, R. 96, P. O. Schcfield. in .Mr ' S was born in New York in He S UWrrie lr. V. H. Stickney Dr. R. H. Beach THOMAS H. PUGH )rs. Stickney & Beach ATTORNEY AT LAW Physicians and Real Estate and Surgeons Collections C T. LANGLEY Masonic Temple Building First National Bank Building Frank Bayer - - President [ohn Loh - - - Treasurer LAND CO. Mathias Bayer - - Manager MAX HENDRICK BAYER & LOH CO. Farm Loans, DEALERS IN Grain, Flour, Farm Machinery, Insurance North and South Dakota and Lumber and Building Rooms 20 & 21 First Nat. Bank Bldg. Material Montana Lands Gladstone, - N. D. Dickinson, - N. D. DICKINSON MOTOR RASMUS JENSEN CAR COMPANY Auto Oils, Supplies and Full Blood Poland Repairs China Hogs BUICK AGENCY Write or Call for Particulars 202 First Avenue West DICKINSON, NORTH DAKOTA Dickinson, - N. D. Dickinson, - N. D. KIRSCH & JOPP DICKINSON DEALERS IN CANDY SHOP Geo, Heaton - - President Groceries, Clothing, Dry Established 1683 Louis Petricka H. J. Blanchard Guy Hunter - Vice President Manufacturers of Fine THE A. IX Menton - Secretary-Treasurer Goods and General | SIMON GUON DICKINSON LAND Candies and Ice Cream F Merchandise DEALER IN GEO. HEATON PRESS 42 First Avenue West 1 DICKINSON AND LOAN CO. - Publisher GENERAL MERCHANDISE Gladstone, N. D. M. L. AYERS, LUMBER COMPANY Dickinson, - N. D. Advance Lands and Farm Loans $1.50 Per Year in Clothing, Boots, Shoes, Dry Goods D. D. FOFT, Local Manager and Groceries Suite 2, Jessen Building CIRCULATION 3,000 Lime, Lumber, Cement, Plaster - Dickinson, - N. D. Dickinson, N. D. W. J. MOZLEY L. McBRIDE Belfielcl, - N. D. M. Dickinson, - N. D. BREEDER OF THE HUB HOWARD MOLM DOLWIG Thoroughbred Duroc LAWYER FRANK LISH BROS. JESSEN DEALER IN & DUCKHORN CO. Jersey Hogs DEALERS IN Shelf and Heavy Hardware, GENERAL MERCHANDISE STOCK FOR SALE 11-12 First Nat’l Bank Bld’g Groceries, Dry Goods, Shoes, Clothing They Sell Shoes, Clothing Write or Call for Particulars Tinware, Stoves, Ranges, Groceries, Hardware and and Farm Implements and Gent’s Furnishings Dickinson, - N. D. Dickinson, - N. D. Produce J Harness, Etc. Notions Highest Prices Paid for Farm - D. - D. Gladstone, N. D Dickinson, - N. D. Dickinson, N. Gaylord, N. W. L. ROYER Goodridge-Call Joseph Kilzer - - Presiden Kilzer, Secretary & Treasure F. A. LITTLE Frank Livery, Feed and R. S. BROOKINGS THE GRILL CAFE Lumber Company GUYOT, Proprietor Dakota Sale Stable J. A. Dealer in North Kilzer Bros. & Co. Breeder of Thoroughbred Belgian and Montana Lands Also D.*aler in Best Grades of and Percheron Horses Across From Northern Dealers in General Hard and Soft Coal OSCAR SIMONSON, Agt. In Large or Small Tracts 1 Oak Dale Farm. Two and One St. Pacific Depot, Villard Merchandise Quick Delivery is Our Specialty 1 Halt Miles East of Richardton Office in St. Clinrles Block - Taylor, - N. Belfield, N.D. - N. D. Fayette and Dickinson. N. D. Richardton, N. D D 1 Richardton, - N. D. Dickinson, ADVERTISING SEGTION A. G. Anderson, E. A. Hoff, R. C. Davis, President H. C. Christensen, President A. Hilliard, President President. Vice President. J. S. Sorenson, Vice President S. M. Ferris, Vice President V. H Stickney, Vice President B. O. Thorkelson, Cashier. THE CONSOLIDATED J. O. Milsten, Cashier D. D. Mars, Cashier R. H. Johnson, Cashier Geo. A. Senour, Asst. Cashier T, A. Tollcfson, Asst. Cashier C. C. TURNER COAL COMPANY First State First National Bank DakotaNationalBank Miners and Shippers of first... BANK of Belfield OF DICKINSON Real Estate Broker Capital $10,000.00 White Ash Lignite national Bank Capital $50,000. Surplus $40,COO Mine at Lehigh, N. D General Capital $25,000.00 Capital $100,000 WILD AND IMPROVED LANDS, Banking G. L. McGuire, Supt., P. O. Lehigh United States Depositary Collections, Surplus and Profits $32,00C Surplus $50,000 LOANS Insurance J. F. Bradie, Gen’l Mgr. AND INSURANCE South Heart. - - N. D BELFIELD. N. D. DICKINSON. - - - N. D DICKINSON, N. D. Dickinson, : N. D. Leases Made and Taxes Paid for New Imperial Hote SIMON SIBLEY Non-Residents J. C. F. Parker & Son St. Charles South Heart Hotel Breeder ol and Dealer in W. A. Mosher, Prop. Exchanges DEALERS IN Made Notary Public Hotel P. E. ZIMMERMAN, Prop. European Plan. Under New Man- Choice First Class Meats agement. Banquets a Specialty Livery and Feed Thoroughbred Gladstone, N. D. Dickinson Theatre Stable in Connection Fancy Groceries and Fruits Special Attention to Drummers Horses... Farmers' and Ranchers’ Trade REICHERT & RAY W. S. TURLEV Phone 15 Also Solicited Proprietors in Connection Call or Write AND DICKINSON, - N. D. BELFIELD, N. D. DICKINSON. - NORTH DAK South Heart, North Dakota Dickinson, North : Dakota W. L. ROBINSON H. Singer L. A. Tavis President Nord Dakota Herold Chas. Moscowitz E. J. SCHARF Joseph Kilzer Vice President John Muggli - Cashier Breeders of Thoroughbred DEALER IN Joseph Muggli Asst. Published Every Friday South Side Cashier FARM LANDS Horses Subscription 31.50 Per Annum General Merchandise Dakota National Bank Building Circulation 2,800 Department OWNERS OF Store The Merchants PROPRIETOR Soulonque The Best Advertising Medium Groceries, Dry Goods OF No. 21530, French Draft SCHWARTZ & SINGER Stallion in the State Fertile Clothing, Bools, Shoes and Crockery PROPRIETORS Valley Stock Farm Job Work a Specialty State Mercury No. 53395, Seethoff Building Bank Percberon Draft 1337 Broadway Phone 85 Farm Res. Sec. 27, I. 143, R, 95 Stallion Dickinson, • North Dakota JUDSON, - - N. D DICKINSON, N. D. DICKINSON, N. D. RICHARDTON. N. D. DICKINSON. - n KURT SCHLIESSER The Nelson The R. H. R ‘ Block Soules & Butler M. L. McBride Co. YAECK y0n ' President RT M i. eech * ' Treasurer r f" u General Insurance o. L. Heegaard, Sec’y and Gen. Mgr. I. A. NELSON, Proprietor M. L. McBride, Pres. Fire, Hail, Automobile Hardware LAWYER Contractor & Builder Threshing Machine, Live Stock leal Mandon Lumber and Machinery Estate, Farm Steam Heated AGENT FOR Loans, Collections Mercantile Company Rooms and Bath Gasoline Engines. Contracting Loans, State Farmers and Building, Harness, Oils Insurance Main Office, Minneapolis and Paints, John Cafe in Connection—European Deere and Mutual Hail Insurance Co. LaCrosse Plow Co, Plows First National Bank Building Lands, Insurance W. G. Kirkpatrick, Local Manager BELFIELD, N. D. RICHARTON. N. D. DICKINSON, N, D. Dickinson, : N. DAKOTA RICHARDTON, : N. D Lumber, Building Material, Farm Machinery, Wagons, Bug- 'forth Dakota Richardton R - k> on ' ' Hotel , President M. A. SCHERFFIUS G. L. Heegaard, Sec'y and Roller Mills Charles H. Starke Gen. Mgr. gies, Harness GEO. WOLF. Prop. Capacity 125 Barrels Daily Mandan Pumps and Hardware LAWYER eweler & Optician J p - Schmidt. President Phone No. Officers- I Mercantile 33 ' Company North Dakota ! Jno. A. Schmidt, Sec.-Tr Practice Before All Courts Diamonds, Watches B. H. Crawford, Manager TAYLOR, N. D. and U. OUR BRANDS: S. Land Office -ivery & Feed Lumber, Grain Stable Formerly with U. S. Land Office at JEWELRY and Farm Pride of Richardton Dickinson Machinery Labotah Chief Office, Masonic Temple Fine Repairing a Specialty DICKINSON, - N. BUILDIN3 D. RICHARDTON. - - CONTRACTORS N. D DICKINSON, - N. DAK. DICKINSON, N. D. Dickinson, N. D. Chas. Luhmnnn, President !. RIVERSIDE T. D. Casey H. A. Burgesor Mottershead Co. Then. E. Just, Treasurer M. T. F. Maser, Secretary Zimmerman Livery, Feed and Manufacturer and Dealer in Farm Lands CASEY & Rainy Butte ...Sale Stable 'ine Stock Saddles In Western North Dakota J. W. SELLMAN, Land Co. Prop. BURGES0N Special attention given Auto and Harness Mortgages and Loans. Insur- ance, Care of and Team Livery Property for Navajo Attorneys at Law Non-Residents. North Dakota and Canada Lands Blankets, Navajo Rugs Breeder of Heavy Draft Horses First Avenue, W., Opposite P. O. JeSSen Buildin^, RICIIARDTON, - N. D. DICKINSON, N. D. BELFIELD, N. D. DICKINSON, : ; N. D.| DICKINSON. N. DAKOTA ADVERTISING SEGTION M. E. Neville J. S. Cody J. S. CODY & COMPANY H l •’Wire-- immiM BOULGER fej & HUGHES GENERAL MERCHANDISE ZENITH, NORTH DAKOTA ESTABLISHED 1902 Crawford C. Jackson L. A. SIMPSON VETERINARIAN LAWYER Office in St. Charles Annex First National Bank Building Dickinson, - N. D. Dickinson, - N. D. A. F. MISCHEL E.A.LILLIBRIDGE Dealer in General Real Estate Merchandise and Loans Richardton, - N. D. Dickinson, - N. D. Furniture, Carpets and HOGUE LAND Henry Pathmann Dealer in Grain and AGENCY Undertaking Farm Machinery Dickinson, N. D. Richardton, - N. I). ART GOODS PICTURE FRAMING FRANK J. SMITH A. J. OSBORN Masonic Temple, Sims Street - DICKINSON, NORTH DAKOTA Plumbing and PHOTOGRAPHER Heating Dickinson, - N. D. Dickinson, - N. D. RICHARDTON Fred W. Turner Jacob Rothschiller T. F. MURTHA Stores at Dickinson and Manning, N. D. HARTUNG MILLING CO. Manufacturer of Buggies, Wagons, Attorney at Law Lumber and Farm REAL ESTATE Sleighs, Water Tanks, Etc. REAL ESTATE Reed Brothers and Real Estate Implements Horseshoer and General & LOAN CO. Dickinson, - N. D. Richardton, - N. I). Ladies’ Dresses, Coats Blacksmith HAIL AND FIRE INSURANCE Woodwork, Painting and Upholstering and Suits Homestead Filing Contests AUTOMOBILES REPAIRED B. LEPPER DR. A. E. SPEAR THE MITCHELL General Land Office Business Best Equipped Shop on DISTRICT MANAGER Dry Goods, Shoes and Physician and BARBER SHOP Surety Bonds and Collections Missouri Slope Mutual Life Insurance Co. Groceries Rooms 22 and 23 First National Bank Surgeon THOMAS TOTTINGHAM, Prop. 22 First Avenue East Of New York 33 1st Ave. West Telephone No 162-K - - Belfield, - N. D Dickinson, N. I). DICKINSON, - N. D. DICKINSON, N. D. DICKINSON. - N. D. Dickinson, N. D. ADVERTISING SECTION THE NEW STORE EARL P. BISHOP GEO. C. WIEBKE BISHOP & WIEBKE A. 0. Johnson DEALERS IN= General Shelf and Heavy Hardware, Furniture Merchandise and Undertaking BELFIELD, NORTH DAKOTA TIN SHOP IN CONNECTION SIX PER CENT THE Western North Dakota RECORDER-POST CARTER Farm Loans & WHALEY. Props. Consolidation of the Dickinson Rec- BELFIELD, NORTH DAKOTA SIX PER CENT order and the Dickinson Post INCREASED CIRCULATION We can invest the idle funds of non resident investors and net them 6 per cent. Facilities the Very Best Your funds will be placed in abso- lutely Gilt Edge First Mortgage Farm SUBSCRIPTION $1.50 PER YEAR Loans, that will bear the closest investigation Artistic Job Work Neatly Executed W. F. Burnett President F. C. Heflron Our Board of Directors are old >!. L McBride - Secretary Treasurer THE Room 9 Jkssen Building M. M. Burnett Manager JOHN H. dents of western North Dakota and HEFFRON & BAIRD, LAWYERS BREUM are well versed in the loan and bank- Dickinson, - N. D. ing business, being owners Everett Abstract Co. REAL ESTATE and LOAN AGENT of the Merchants National Bank of Dickin- (Incorporated. <10,000 GO Capital) Fine List of Farm, Grazing CURRENT-HEFFRON Bonded According to and Hay Dickinson Abstract Laws of North Lands We court an early Dakota lor Sale or Exchange investigation of Town Lots and Residence Property this field ns a dependable loin field ADAM A. LEFOR for Sale or Rent md our qualifications to represent ABSTRACI C0 ' DEALER IN ABSTRACTS OF TITLE ivs Ta-.es, Collects Rent. Rent ion-residents safely and pr/jfitablv. & Real Estate Co Farms for Non-Residents Abstracts of Title to Lands in Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots and Furnished to Lands in Stark County LOANS Shoes. Furniture, Hardware, Stark and Dunn Counties ON FARM LANDS General MERCHANTS Merchandise. Crockery. Flour, ..ays. Sells or Exchanges Lands for LOAN Lum- REAL ESTATE BOUGHT AND SOLD ber. Lime. Salt, Machinery, Established 1903 Titles Quieted. Conveyancing. Merchandise Stocks or Town Propert Harness ol all Kinds, Lands, Loans. Insurance, Taxes Paid Taxes Paid PROMPT SERVICE TO PATRONS for Non-Residents & SECURITIES CO. Horses. Caskets and Hearse (or Richardton Funerals. Dickinson. State Bank Business Transacted in Dickinson, - N. D. Dickinson, N. D. English and Richardton, - German. Call me up N. D. by Telephone. W. L. Richards - President DIRECTORS H. L. Dickinson - President NOTARY PUBLIC A. H, Pclton - Supt. Mine Mgr. Welton & H. C. Christensen - Vice President McDonald - President F. E. Deiter - Sec'v and Treasurer Davis - C. B. HANSON G. H. Dickinson, Secretary: Treasurer Evangelical J;_F- Vice President Bring Your Country Produce n Ever - Secretary-Trea Dealer in Farm L. Richards M. L. Ayt Lefor, - - and Mutual N. D. Dakota Fuel Co. Ranch Lands Dickinson Insurance Co. Milbank, S. D. Miners and Shippers of LOANS AND INVESTMENTS Mercantile BOARD OF DIRECTORS Farmers Company Ben Moser - CASPAR & Merchants Western North Dakota and . President V1RAC QUALITY LIGNITE Eastern Louis Lind - Vice President COAL Montana Lands Geo Burrv - Groceries, Provisions, - Secretary Bought and Clothing, - Sold C. J. Koch - Treasurer Merchant John Durv, - REFERENCES: Hats, Caps, Boots - Director STATE PaulZaff, - - BANK Dry, Hard, Clean, - Lumpy First Nat’I Bank. Dickinson, N. Director Ed. Redman • - Director First Nat'l Bank, Park River. N. D. and Shoes Tailor Dickinson, - N. D. Dickinson, HERMAN JURGENS, Agent, - N. D. CLEANING General TAYLOR. N. D. and REPAIRING Banking A T. Crowl President r Braun John Obrigewitsch Geo. - kinson, - N. G. A. Crowl Secretary Heaton - President D. Taylor, N. D. H. F. Schroeder Treas. and Mgr. Dcr Uolksfrcund Guy Hunter - VjCe President A. D. Heaton - Secretary-Treasurer BERNARD ARNOLD, Editor DICKINSON The First and Only Catholic Newspaper Anton Kubischta Crowl-Schroeder ROLLER MILLING SOUTH in North Dakota CO. GEO. HEATON SIDE Owner and Breeder of Manufacturers of Company Wide Circulation Throughout the LUMBER CO. Biojue Dakotas and Montana HIGH GRADE FLOUR Register No. 25680 CASH STORE Mail Orders Given Special Attention Sash, Doors, Mouldings, Building Paper, Black Percheron MAX SCHWARTZ, Proprietor OUR BRANDS: Stallion White Rose. Lumber, We “Money-Back” Our Goods Lime, Cement, Job Work Done in English and German Family Fame, Dickinson Lilly Plaster Write or Call for Particulars General Dickinson, - Merchandise X. D. Richardton, - N. D. Dickinson, N. D. Dickinson, - N. D, Dickinson, - N. D. Belfield, - N. D. : ADVERTISING SECTION W. L Richards, President Subscribe For J. F. Davis, Vice President Wilson Eyer, Cashier Andrew Erdahl, Ass’t Cashier Cbe Press To Get Reliable News Merchants OF National City, County ....Bank and State Subscription $1.50 per Year Capital $50,000 Dickinson, - N. D. JUDS0N CASH STORE Dickinson, N.D. PIONEER Chas. Moscowitz, Prom. General OFFICERS: Commissioner of Stark County Howard Miller, President. CIGAR S. L. Price. Vice President. First District F. L Hutchinson, Sec. and Treas. Merchandise L. L- Wing, Manager. COMPANY JUDSON, N. DAK. l). S. Land Commissioner People’sTelephone C. W.Scharf&Co. Company LOUIS TOBIAS, Proprietor MANUFACTURERS OF D. HUGHES Incorporated $50,000 Real Estate Implements Exchanges at Taylor, Richardton and High Grade Havana Cigars and Insurance Gladstone, North Dakota. Home Office. Taylor, N D. and Harness Bank Dickinson, N. D. Office, Rear First National DIRECTORS BELFIELD, N. DAKOTA. F. L. Hutchinson, Sant Brand, Fred Deeken. S. L. Price, BELF1ELD, N. DAKOTA Howard Miller. JOHN KAMPF Russell- Jacob Krihk, Phtbr Whgksskr Notary Public. H. C. BERRY Livery, Sale and hotel Kihm Miller Krier & Wegesser DEALERS IN Feed Bam AttomeyatLaw CHAS. NOLAN Milling PROPRIETOR Dry Goods Gladstone, - North Dakota First National Bank Bldg Clothing, Boots and Shoes Comp’ny Dickinson, - N. D. HATS AND CAPS DICKINSON. NORTH DAKOTA DAKOTA Goods OF NORTH R. FINGER Notions and Fancy Groceries, Crockery and Hardware Pro- ...THE... Highest Prices Paid for Farm Millers Sale and Money to Merchant duce. Land For H. E. HANEY Meat Market and Loan. Business transacted in Ger- MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA man and English. GLADSTONE. N. D. Belfield Times General Store Heart, Lyons Best Flour Attorney at Law Occident, Climax, Gold Hansen Rvsniith, Henry Truelsen. Vice Pres. & Mgr. Pres, and Treas., Harry Dence, Publisher DICKINSON, N DAK. SOUTH HEART, - N. DAK. Duluth, Minn. Zenith. N. D. BELFIELD, N. D. Zenith Coal Company BELFIELD, NORTH DAK. B. J. Determan & Co. Incorporated 1902. M. ALC0TT ADAM FORSTER Miners and Shippers of EVA HENRY GR0TH J. 0. DAGLUM Lignite High Grade Teacher of Voice Culture General Livery, Feed Lignite in North General The Best Public Auctioneer your dealer for it. P. O. Box 513 merchandise Dakota Ask Merchandise and Sale Stable Mines at Zenith, N. D. - DAK. Afl ZENITH. NORTH Hebron, North Dak. DAGLUM. N. D. Dickinson, N. D. Belfield, North Dak. RICHARDTON, - N. DAK. Umces: duluth. minn. PAGE Si ILLUSTRATIONS i* C. C. TURNER. MOSCOWITZ. NADOLSKI, C. B. HANSON, CHAS. FRED MASER. JOHN Member House of Representatives, Lands, Loans and Insurance, Dealer in General Merchandise, Judge of the County Court, Editor North Dakota Herald, Thirty first Legislative District and resident Stark DICKINSON, N. D. DICKINSON, N. D. DICKINSON, N. D. a of County since 1882. GLADSTONE, N. D. ADAM F. MISCHEL, County Commissioner, Third District. FRANK A ROQUETTK, COURT HOUSE, County Commissioner, Second District. STARK COUNTY DICKINSON, N. D. W. L. RICHARDS, DELBERT HUGHES. J, W. SELLMAN, President Merchant's National Bank. T. N HARTUNG, I1KLFIBLD, N. D. County Commissioner, First District. DICKINSON, N. D. Real Estate and Loans, DICKINSON, N D. DICKINSON, N.-Dr PAGE 8} «#» ILLUSTRATIONS T AUGUST VRTTERLEIN. WILSON EVER, JOHN H. BREUM. ROBERT HOLM, RICH ARDTON, N. D. DACr.UM, I.KFOR r N. D. Cashier Merchant's National Bank, N. D. DICKINSON. N. D. ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL. DICKINSON. Erected at a Cost ol 5100,000. AUGUST REETZ AND FAMILY GROUP, PHOTOGRAPH FROM NF.LS G. SWENNING, MR. AND MRS. JOSEPH BRAULICK, HF.nROK, N. D. GLADSTONE, N. D. MR. AND MRS GEO. GILMORE, KICII ARDTON, N. D. BKLF1KI.D, N. D. MAIN STREET, HEART RIVER SCENE, SCENE NEAR DICKINSON, N D. BOATING ON GREEN RIVER, RICHARDTON, N. D. DICKINSON, N. D. Photograph From John Fisher, DICKINSON, N. D. PAGE -r ILLUSTRATIONS MR. AND MRS. O. DAGLUM, THOMAS JEFFERSON MR. AND MRS H. ENGEVIK. J. DAGLUM. N. D-, MCDONALD. daci.um, N" d. Mr. McDonald has resided in North Dakota (or over 35 > ears, DICKINSON, N. D. PRIZE WINNING EXHIBIT OF STARK COUNTY PRODUCTS. SCENES ON FARM OF M. M. BOBB, EPISCOPAL CHURCH CHURCH LOCATED ON SECTION ST. JOSEPH'S CHURCH, ST. JOHN'S JOHN KAMPF, N. D. 13, T. 137 N-. K. 97 W. TAYLOR, DICKINSON, N. D. DICKINSON, N. D. Justice of the Peace, Photograph from Frank GLADSTONE, N. D. Obritschkewitsch, SCHKFIKLD, N. D. PAGE 87 ILLUSTRATIONS -r CARNEGIE PUBLIC LIBRARY, GRAIN TRAIN FROM DAKOTA DEVELOPMENT FARM NEAR HILLIDAY, UNLOADING AT TAYLOR. DICKINSON, N. D. This Engine is Hauling 750 Bushels of Wheat. SCENE ON FARM OF HECTOR BRUNETT, RESIDENCE OF ADAM GABE, SCENE ON FARM OF PETER FRIESZ, RESIDENCE OF JOHN FISHER, RICHARDTON, N. D. GAYLORD, N. D. TAYLOR, N. D. On Green River, DICKINSON, N. D. PAGE 89 ILLUSTRATIONS «$. BUILDINGS ON FARM OF WM. EBEL, NEW HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING, A HARVEST PICNIC NEAR DICKINSON, N. D. DICKINSON, N. D. RESIDENCE OF MILTON BOBB, TAYLOR, N. D. IMMIGRATION CARAVAN THROUGH DICKINSON. N. D. HOME OF GOTTFRIED REBMANN, RESIDENCE OF ERNEST KRUEGER. 4. SCHEFIELD SCHOOL DISTRICT. OF HERMAN JURGENS, SCHOOL NO HOME N. D. RICH ARDTON, N. D. HKBRON, Loaded on S. 15. T. 137 N., R. 97 W., Photograph TAYLOR, N. D. From Frank Obritschkewitscli, SCHRFIBLD, N. D. DISC. DRILL AND HARROWING OUTFIT OF SIMS STREET. SCENE ON FARM OF THORMOD SUNDE. RESIDENCE OF GEO GILMORE. TAMES H. SHURTLIFF. DICKINSON, N. D. DAGLl'M, N. D. 1IRLUIELD, N. D. Mrs. Shurtliff looks after the engine, while Mr. Shurtliff operates the machinery. This outfit covers n strip 31 feet wide and 1ms a capacity of 75 acres per day. GLADSTONE, N. D. UNITED STATES LAND SURVEYS SUPPLEMENT I. ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM United States Land Surveys METES AND BOUNDS r P to the time of the Revolutionary War, or until ubout the beginning of the present century, land, when parcelled out, and sold or granted, was described by ‘Metes and Bounds," and that system is still in existence in the following States, or in those portions of them which had been sold or granted when the present plan of surveys was adopted, viz.: New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Marylund, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Texas, and tho six New England States. To describe land by “Metes and Bounds," is to have a known land-mark for a place of beginning, and then follow a line according to tho compass-needle (or magnetic bearing), or tho course of a stream, or track of an ancient high- way. This plan has resulted in endless confusion and litigation, as land-marks decay and change, and it is a well-known fact that the compass-needle varies aud does not always point due North. As an example of this plan of dividing lands, the following description of a farm laid out by “Metes and Bounds,” is given: “ Beginning at a stone on the Bank of Doe River, at a point where the highway from A. to B. crosses said river (see point marked C. on Diagram 1); thence 40“ North of West 100 rods to a large stump; thence 10° North of West 90 rods; thence 15° West of North 80 rods to an oak tree (see Witness Tree on Diagram 1); thence duo East 150 rods to tho highway; thence following the course of the highway 60 rods due North; thence 5“ North of East 90 rods; thence 45° Eaat of South 60 rods; thence 10° North of East 200 rods to the Doe River; thence following the course of the river Southwesterly to the place of beginning.” This, which iB a very simple and moderato description by “Metes and Bounds,” would leave the boundaries of the farm as shown in Diagram 1. MERIDIANS AND BASE LINES DIAGRAM 2 proper number or name. Congress on the distinguished. Each Meridian and Base Line is marked with its HE present system of Governmental Land Surveys was adopted by Rectangular 3 illustrates what is meant when this method is termed the '7th of May, 1785. It has been in use ever since and is the legal method of de- Diagram ” the measurements are based on lines which run at right angles scribing and dividing lands. It is called the “Rectangular System,” that is, all System and how T North and South (marked A. A.) on Diagram 3, heavy line running its distances and bearings are measured from two lines which are at right angles to each' other. The the Principal Meridian, in this case say the 5th Principal Meridian. The heavy to each other, viz.:H-. These two lines, from which the measurements are made, are represents West (marked B. B.) is the Base Line. These lines are used as the Principal Meridians, which run North and South, and the Base Lines which run line running East and measurements or surveys made in territory controlled East and West. These Principal Meridians are established, with great accuracy. Each the starting points or basis of all Principal Meridian. The same fact applies to all other Principal Meridians Principal Meridian has its Base Line, and these two lines form the basis or foundation by the 5th Lines. Commencing at the Principal Meridian, at intervals of six miles, for the surveys or measurement of all the lands within the territory which they control. and their Base run North and South, parallel to the Meridian. This plan is followed both Diagram 2 shows all of the Principal Meridians and Base Lines in the United States, lines are East and West of the Meridian throughout the territory controlled by the Meridian. and ii’om it the territory governed by each Meridian and Base Line may be readily Congreu at Wuhington D. C. Ealutd According to Act ol Congieu, in the yc»r 1909. by Ceo. A. Ogle & Co., in the office of the Liburiin of — SUPPLEMENT UNITED STATES LAND SURVEYS These lines are termed “Range Lines.” They divide the land into strips or divisions six miles wide, extending North and South, parallel with tho Meridian. Each division is called a Range. Ranges aro numbered from one upward, commr cing at tho Meridian and their numbers are indicated by Roman ; DIAGRAM A characters. For instance, the first division (or first six miles) west of tho Meridian is Range I. West; the next is Rango II. West; then comes Range III., IV., V.. VI., VII., and so on, until the territory governed by another Principal Meridian is reached. In tho same manner tho Ranges East of the hleridian are numbered, tho words East or West being always used to indicate tho direction from the Principal Meridian. See Diagram 3. Commencing at the Rase Line, at intervals of six miles, lines are run East and West parallel with the Base L:no. These are designated as Township Lines. They divide the land into strips or divisions six miles wide, extending East and West, parallel with tho Base Line. This plan is followed both North and South of the Base Line until tho territory governed by another Principal Meridian and Base Line is reached. These divisions or Townships are uumbered from one upward, both North and South of the Base Line, and their numbers are indicated by figures. For instance : Tho first six mile division « -- T n> i , xr rn_.. n XT n. . .1 »*>-. is north of the Base Liue is Township 1 North ; the next Township 2 North ; then comes Township 3, 4, 5, and 6, North, and so on. The same plan is followed being designated Township 1 “ ” “ South of the Base Line ; tlie Townships as South, Township 2 South, and so on. Tho North or South ” (the initials N. or S. being generally used) indicates tho direction from the Base Line. See Diagram 33. These Township and Range Lines, crossing each other, as shown in Diagram 3, form squares, which aro called "Townships” or “ Government Townships,' which are six miles square, or as nearly that as it is possible to make them. Thcso Townships are a very important feature in locating or describing a pieci of land. The location of a Government Township, however, is very readily found when the number of the Township and Range is given, by merely countiug the number indicated from the Base Linoaud Principal Meridian. As an example of this. Township 8 North, Range 4, West of tho 6th Principal Moridiau, is at once located on the square marked on Diagram 3, by counting eight tiers north of the Base Line and 4 tiers west of the Meridian. TOWNSHIPS OF LAND. rOWNSHIPS are the largest sub- ® divisions of land run out by the T United States Surveyors. In the Governmental Surveys Township Lines are the first to be run, and a Township Corner is established everv six miles and marked. This is called “Townshipping.” After the Township Corners have been care- fullylocated.theSection and Quarter Section Corners are established. Each Township is 6ix miles square and contains 23,040 acres, or 36 square miles, as near as it is possible to make them. This, however, is fre- quently made impossible by. (1st) the pres- FRACTIONAL PIECES OF LAND. ence of lakes ana large streams (2nd) ; by State boundaries not falling exactly on ^^rONGRESSIONAL Townships vary Township Lines; (3rd) by the convergence I ^ v considerably as to size and boundaries. of Meridians or curvature of the earth’s Mistakes niado in surveying and the surface ; and (4th) by inaccurate surveys. fact that Meridians converge ns they Each Township, unless it is one of the run North cause every Township to vary exceptional cases referred to. is divided more or less from the 23,040 acres which a into 36 squares, which are called Sections. erfect Township would contain. See These Sections are intended to be one g'iagram 4. In arranging a Township into mile, or 320 rods, square and contain 640 Sections all tho surplus or deficiency of land acres of land. Sections are numbered is given to, or taken from, the North and consecutively from 1 to 36, as shown on West tiers of Sections. In other words, all Diagram 4. Beginning with Section 1 in Sections in tho Township are made full the Northeast Corner, they run West to 640 acres—except those on tho North and 6, then East to 12, then West to 18, and West, which are given all the land that is so on, back and forth, until they end with left after forming tho other 25 Sections. Section 36 in the Southeast Corner. Diagram 4 illustrates how tho surplus or Diagram 4 shows ft plat of a Township deficiency is distributed and the Sections it no it is divided and platted by the govern- pjrects. It will be seen that Sections 1, 2, ment surveyors. These Townships are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 30 and 31, are the called Government Townships or Congres- “ Fractional Sections," or the Sections sional Townships, to distinguish them from which are affected if tho Township overruns Civil Townships or organized Townships, or falls short. Inside of these Fractional as frequently the lines of organized Town- Sections, all of the surplus or deficiency of ship? do not conform to the Government land (over or under 640 acres) is carried to Tow . ship lines. the “forties” or “eighties” that touch the Township Line. These pieces of land are called “Fractional Forties” or “Fractional SECTIONS OF LAND. Eighties,” as the case may be. Diagrams 4 and C show the manner of marking the acreage and outlining the TAGRAM 5 illustrates how a section boundaries of these “Fractions.” may be subdivided, although the Diagram 6 illustrates how the 0 Diagram only gives a few of the surplus or deficiency of land inside of these Sections many subdivisions into which a is distributed and which “forties”or section may be divided. All Sections “eighties” it affects. this r t onal Sections) From arrangement it will he “ are supposed to be 320 rods, or one mile, square and therefore /, ! seen that in any Section that touches the North or WeBt Township Lines, the Southeast Quarter contain 040 acres—a number easily divisible. Sections may are subdivided into fractional parts to suit he full 160 acres while another the convenience of — — quarter of the same Section may be much larger or smal'ar. the owners of the land. A half-section contains 320 acres; a quarter-section Frequently these fractional “forties” or “eighties” arc lotted as in contains 160 acres; half of a quarter contains shown Diagram 6. They are 80 acres, and quarter of a quarter contains 40 acres, always described and so on. asfractional tracts of land, as the “fractional S.W. of Section 6, "etc. Of course Each piece of land is described according to the i portion of the section which it those portions of these Sections which aro not embraces-as the Northeast quarter affected by these variations are described in tho usual of Section 10; or the Southeast quarter of the Southeast manner— as Southeast £ of Section 6. As a rule Townships are narrower at the North than quarter of Section— 10.... Diagram 5 shows how of at the manvmany 1 these subdivisions are platted,nlatted. and also* ™ South side. Meridiuns shows the plan of designating The of Longitude (which run North and South) converge as they run North and describing them by initial letters as each parcel of land on the and South from the Equator. They begin at the Equator with definite Diagram 13 marked with its description. a width between them and gradually As has already con verge until they all meet at the poles. Now, as the Range linesare run North and South, been stated, all Sections (except Fractional Sections which are explained else- it will at once be seen that the convergence of Meridiaus will, caup' every Congressional where) are supposed to contain 640 acres, and even though mistakes Township have been made in surveying (North of the Equator) to as is frequently the be narrower at its North than at its South side, us stated. See Diagram case, making sections larger or smaller than 640 acres, the Government 4 recol- In addition to this fact, mistakes of measurement arc constantly and almost mzes no variation, but. sells or grants each regular unavoidably made section as containing 640 acres “more or less.” in runningboth Townshipana Range 11‘ e government Surveyors are not required to subdivide sections by running lines within lines, and if no new starting points them, but they usually establish Quarter Posts on Section Lines on each side of a section at tho were established " * " ...... — the lines would 6. noints marked A. B. C. and D. on Diagrar After establishing DIAGRAM Township corners. Section become confused and unreliable, and Lines are the next to be run, and section cor- the size and shape of Townships ners are established. When these are carefully materially affected by the time the 5. located tho Quarter DIAGRAM Posts are located at points as surveys had extended even a hundred nearly equidistant 42.5 40.5 between Section Corners as miles from | the Base Line and Princi- 1 possible. These 23.5 AC. • ACRES. ACRES. ACRES. corners when established by pal Meridian. In order to correct Government Surveyors cannot be changed, even the surveys and variations caused though it is conclusively shown that mistakes by the difference of latitude and have been made which cause some sections or straighten the lines, “Correction quarter sections N. E. »/* to be either lurger or smaller Lines" (or Guide Meridians and than others. The laws, however, of all the Standard Parallels) arc established at States provide certain rules for local surveyors frequent intervals, usually as follows: to follow in dividing Sections into smaller North of the Base Line a Correction parcels of land than has been outlined in the Lino is run East and West parallel Governmental surveys. For instance, in divid- with the Bose Lino, usually every T ing a quarter section into two parcels, the dis- twenty-four miles. South of the N.'/2 Of S. E.l/4 ance between the Government Corners is care- Base Line a Correction Lino is usually fully measured and the new post is located at a established every thirty miles. Both 80 A point equidistant between them. This plan is 100 ACRES. East and West of followed in running out “eighties,” “forties,” tho Principal Meridian “Correction Linen” “twenties,” etc. Iii this way, if the Govern- “Correction Lines' usually ment division overruns or falls short, each established every 48 miles. portion gains or loses its proportion. This is AH Correction Lines are located by not the case, however, with Fractional Sections careful measurement, and tho suc- SUBDIVIDING A SECTION. along the North or West sides of a Township, ceeding surveys are based upon or adjoining a lake or largo stream. them. PLAT OF A FRACTIONAL SECTION. Entered According to Act ot Conj.ee,., in the yenr 1909, by Geo. A. Ogle A Co., in lb. ofliee ot ibe Libtnrinn ol Conjee.., W..hinglon, D. C. ; SUPPLEMENT DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM OF felVIL GOVERNMENT ary archives, of international commissions, superintendence of library, The Commanding General, next to the Secretary, looks after the DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM etc. arrangement of military forces, superintends the recruiting service and The Bureau of Statistics, for the preparation of reports on com- discipline of the army, orders courts-martial, and in a general sense is OP mercial relations. charged with seeing to the enforcement of the laws and regulations of The chiefs of these bureaus receive from $2,100 per year to $2,300 the army. The Adjutant-General keeps the rolls and the orders issued. per year. In addition to these there arc connected with the State The Quartermaster-General has charge of the barracks and the sup- CIVIL GOVERNMENT Department the offices of translator, at $2,100 per year; assistant sec- plies, etc., that may be required for the army. The Commissary- retary, $5,000; second assistant secretary, $4,500; third assistant secre- General is the head of the Subsistence Department, and has supervision WITH A REVIEW OP THE tary, $4,500; solicitor, $4,500; chief clerk, $3,000; clerk to Secretary of over the purchasing and issuing army rations. The Judge Advocate State, $2,500; passport clerk, $1,400. Besides these arc the various General is the head of the department of military justice. The Sur- Duties and Powers of the Principal Officials Connected comptrollers, auditors, clerks and assistants, which number well up geon General, as the name implies, looks after the affairs of the army with the Various Branches of National, State, into the thousands. relating to sick, wounded, hospital, etc. The Paymaster-General is the disbursing officer the money County and Township Government. DEPARTMENT. for required by the department. There is TREASURY also the Ordnance office, controlling ordnance store, arsenals, armories, This department was organized in 1789. The head of this depart- the manufacture of arms, etc. The Topographical office lias charge of ment, known as the Secretary of the Treasury, is appointed by the Pres- all plats and drawings of all surveys made for military purposes. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ident, is a member of the Cabinet, and receives a salary of $12,000 per Besides these there are the Inspector-General's Department and depart- annum. The Treasury Department is one of- the most important ments devoted to war records, publications, etc. HE GOVERNMENT of the United States is one of limited branches of the national government, as it has charge of the financial In this connection it may be of interest to the general reader to and specific powers, strictly outlined and defined by a written affairs of the government, custody of public funds, collection of revenue refer briefly to a few facts concerning the Regular Army. The United constitution. The constitution was adopted in 1787, and, with and maintenance of public credit. Among the many important duties States is divided for this purpose into a number of military districts. T the amendments that have since been made, it forms the basis devolving upon this department are the following: It attends to the The head of each department receives his general instructions and of the entire fabric of government under which we live. The collection of all internal revenues and duties on imports, and the pre- orders from headquarters. The term of service in the Regular Army created three distinct branches of constitution of government, each vention of frauds in these departments. All claims and demands, is three years. The pay of private soldiers at the start is $15 per which is entirely separate and distinct from the others. They arc the cither by the United States or against them, and all the accounts in month and rations, and this is increased according to time of service. executive, legislative and judicial departments. The constitution spe- which the United States arc interested, cither as debtors or creditors, The pay of the officers is proportioned to their rank. The pay of cifically vests the executive power in the President, but all members must be settled and adjusted in the Treasury Department. This de- officers in active service was fixed by an act of Congress May 11, 19(48, of the cabinet arc usually classed with the executive department; the partment also includes the Bureau of the Mint, in which the govern- as follows: lieutenant-general $11,000 per year; major-general $8,000; legislative power is held by Congress, and the judicial authority is ment coin and moneys are manufactured. The Treasury Department brigadier-general $6,000. colonels from $4,000 to $5,000; lieutenant- vested in the Supreme Court and various other courts which Congress authorizes the organization of national banks and has supervision over colonels from $3,500 to $4,500; majors from $3,000 to $4,000; captains has provided for in pursuance of the provisions of the constitution. them; has charge of the coast surveys, the lighthouses, marine hos- from $2,400 to $3,360; first-lieutenants from $2,000 to $2,800; second- It has been the aim of these pages to explain each of these different pitals, etc. It has charge of all moneys belonging to the United States; lieutenants from $1,700 t» $2,380. In case any officer below the grade branches of government, and to briefly review the duties and powers designates depositories of public moneys, keeps a complete and accurate of major required to be mounted, provides himself with suitable mounts of the principal officials connected with each department. system of accounting, showing the receipts and disbursements of the at his own expense, he receives an addition to his pay of $150 per The President and Vice-President elected by popular but Treasury, and makes reports showing arc vote, at stated intervals the condition annum if he provides one mount ; and $200 per annum if lie provides the vote of each State is separate, so that a candidate may have a large of public finances, public expenditures and the public debt. two mounts. The pay of retired officers was fixed as follows by tile majority of the aggregate popular vote of the country and yet fail to be There arc a great many important officials connected with the act of May 11. 1908: lieutenant-generals $8,250 per annum; major elected. The Presidential election is held on the first Tuesday after the Treasury Department, chief among wh'ch arc the following, viz.: generals $6,000; brigadier-generals $4, SIX); colonels from $3,000 to first Monday in November, when Presidential electors are chosen in and Private secretary of the head department, it $2,500 per year; three $3,750; lieutenant-colonels from $2,625 to $3,375; majors from $2,250 for the various States, each State having as many electors as it has rep- assistant secretaries, at $5,000 each; chief clerk, $3,000; chief of ap- to $3,000; captains from $1,800 to $2,520; first lieutenants from $1,500 to resentatives in both branches of Congress. The electors arc chosen by pointment division, $3,000; chief of warrants division, $3,500; chief of $2,100, and second-lieutenants Sl-275 to $1,785. the ballots of the people of their States, and all the electors of a State public moneys division, $3,000; chief of customs division, $3,000; acting constitute an electoral college. The electors meet in each State at the chief of revenue marine division, $2,500; chief of stationery division, NAVY DEPARTMENT. capital on the first Wednesday in December following a National elec- $2,500; chief of loans and currency division. $3,000; chief of miscella- tion and vote for President and Vice-President, certificates of which neous division, $2,500; supervising special agent, per day; govern- $8 The head of this department is the Secretary of the Navy, who is Senate, at Washington, who, on ment actuary, $1,800; supervising architect, steamboat are forwarded to the President of the $4,500; inspector, appointed by tile President, and receives a salary of $12,000 per annum. the the certificates counts $3,500; chief Bureau of Statistics, $3,000; life saving service superin- second Wednesday in February opens and This department is charged with the duty of attending to the construc- the votes in the presence of both Houses of Congress and declares the tendent, $4,500; assistant, $2,500; commissioner Bureaus of Navigation, tion, armament, equipment and employment of vessels of war, as well the superintendent United States coast result; and the final step is the inauguration, which takes place on $3,600; and geodetic survey, $6,000; as all other matters connected with naval affairs, and appropriations 4th of March. The law provides that if neither of the candidates have supervising surgeon-general marine hospital service, $4,000; Bureau of made therefor by Congress. The Secretary of the Navy has direct director, a majority then the House of Representatives shall elect a President Engraving and Printing, $5,000; assistant director, $3,500; control of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland; from the three receiving the highest electoral vote. In superintendent engraving division, $4,500. candidates issues orders to the commander- "i i lit various squadron.-; ha- general The foregoing will scivc show elections of this kind each State is entitled to only one vote, and two- to many of the lines of work at- authority over the Marine Corps; and has control of all the several thirds of the States form a quorum. tended to in the Treasury Department, as the names of these offices bureaus of the Navy Department explain the branch of work they are charged with attending to. There PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. There arc a number of bureaus organized in the Navy Department arc a number of other important offices in the department that should for the purpose of more thoroughly handling the work, among the be mentioned, among them being the following: The President is the highest executive officer of the United States. most important of which may be mentioned the following : Bureau of The Solicitor of the Treasury, or chief attorney, who receives He is elected for the term of four years, and receives a salary of $75,000 Steam Engineering; Bureau of Medicine and Surgery; Bureau of Nav- $4,500 per year for attending to the legal matters connected with the r annum. He must be thirty-five years old or more, and a nativc- igation; Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, Bureau of Yards and department. Krn citizen of the United States. The President is charged with a gen- Docks; Bureau of Ordnance; Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting, who receives eral supervision over the faithful execution of laws passed by Congress, The Commissioner of Customs, $4,000 per year Bureau of Construction and Repair. Attached to this department are and his deputy $2,250, has charge of all accounts of the revenue from and has supervision over all executive departments of the government. also officials or bureaus to attend to the following matters: Marine the customs and disbursements, and for the building and repairing of Barracks, Washington, Naval He appoints a Cabinet of nine officials who become the heads of D. C. ; Museum of Hygiene ; Dispensary custom houses. various departments, and these departments arc intended to be managed Board of Inspection and Survey; Navy Supplies and Accounts; Naval The Treasurer of the United States receives $6,000 per year, and conducted as the President directs. The President is Commander- Observatory; Hydrographic Office; Library and War Records; Naval assistant treasurer $3,600, and superintendent of national banks l Red. in-Chicf of the Army and Navy. He has power to grant pardons and Intelligence ; Nautical /klmanac, etc. Div. $3,500. The Treasurer receives and keeps the government funds, reprieves for all offenses against the United States, except in cases of ) The admiral of the navy (line) is paid $13,S00 per year; the first either at headquarters or in the Sub-Treasuries or government depos- nine rear-admirals each receive $8,(XX) per year and the second nine impeachment ; has power, with the advice and consent of the Senate, itories, paying it out upon warrants drawn in accordance with the law, to make treaties. He nominates, and with the advise and consent of the $6,000; chiefs of bureaus are paid $6,(XX) per year; captains $4,(XX). interest on the national debt. Senate, appoints Ambassadors and other public Ministers and Consuls, and pays all commanders $3,500; lieutenant-commanders $3,(XXI; lieutenants $2,400; The Register of the Treasury is paid a salary of $4,000 per year all Judges of the United States courts, and all other executive officers junior grade lieutenants $2,000; ensigns $1,700; chief-boatswains, gun- and his assistant $2,500. The Register keeps the accounts public of the United States, except in such cases where the appointments may of ners, carpenters, sail makers, $1,700. midshipmen at sea $1,400; mid- expenditures and receipts ; receives the returns and makes out the he vested in the various "departments." When the Senate is r.ot in shipmen at academy $600. In the Marine Corps the major general official statements of United States commerce and navigation receives session he can appoint, subject to its action when it reassembles. He ; receives $8,000 per year; colonels $4,000; lieutenant-colonels $3,500; from first comptroller and Commissioner of Customs all accounts and has power, in certain extraordinary occasions, to call together both majors, $3,000; captains (line) $2,400; captains (staff) $2,600; first vouchers acted on by them and files the same. Congress, or either of them, in extra session and is re- lieutenants $2,000; second-lieutenants $1,700. An increase of ten per Houses of ; The Comptroller of the Currency receives $5,000 per year quired from time to time to communicate with Congress, as to the state and cent is allowed them when on sea duty, or on "shore duty beyond the his deputy $3,(XX). This bureau is charged with a general supervision of the Union, and offer such suggestions or recommendations as he may sea." Chaplains of the rank of lieutenant-commander or higher rank of the national banks and matters connected with the issuing of paper deem proper. He is empowered to approve or veto all measures adopt- receive the pay and allowance of a lieutenant-commander; those ap- ed by Congress, but it is provided that any measure may be passed over pointed prior to July 1, 1906, who have the rank of lieutenant receive The Director of the Mint receives $4,500 per annum, and is his veto by a two-thirds vote of Congress. $2,800; and others arc paid according to their rank in the foregoing charged with a general supervision over all the coinage of govern- The President consults frequently with his Cabinet, and nearly all the list. Naval constructors receive from $3,200 to $4,200 per year; assis- important official matters are discussed by that body. In case the office tant naval constructors $2,000 or the pay of rank according to the fore- The Comptroller of the Treasury receives $5,500 per year of President becomes vacant through the death, removal or resignation and going table; warrant officers $1,125 to $2,250. Petty officers and chief his assistant $4,500. This bureau has charge of the auditing system of of the incumbent, the law provides that the office shall in turn be filled petty officers receive salary ranging from $33 to $77 per month. First the Treasury. With the exception of the postal revenue accounts, the by the Vice-President, Secretary of State, and other Cabinet Ministers class seamen receive $26 per month; seanicn-gunncrs $28 per month; comptroller prescribes the forms of keeping and rendering all public- in regular order. firemen, first-class, $38; ordinary seamen $21; firemen, second-class, accounts. $33; shipwrights $27; apprentice seamen $18; coal passers $24. The VICE PRESIDENT. Auditors. There are six auditors connected with the Treasury term of enlistment in the United States Navy is four ycaTS. 'j The Vice-President of the United States is elected for the term of Department, each of whom receives a_ salary of $4,000 per year, and is four years, and receives a salary of $12,000. In case of the death, allowed a deputy at a salary of $2,500 per annum. No one auditor POSTOFFICE DEPARTMENT. I removal or resignation of the President, the Vice-President succeeds takes rank over another. The first auditor receives and adjusts the him The chief duty of the Vice-President is to act as the presiding accounts of the revenue and disbursements, appropriations and expen- This is one of the most important branches of the National Gov- officer of the Senate. He has no vote in the Senate, except in case of a ditures on account of the civil list and under special acts of Congress, ernment. Its head is the Postmaster-General, who is appointed by the tic, or an equal division of the members of that body. The Vice- reporting the balances to the commissioners of the customs and first President, and receives a salary of $12,000 per annum. The Post Office President administers the oath of office to the Senators. comptroller respectively for their decision. The second auditor devotes Department has supervision over the execution of all laws passed by affairs most of his attention to army ; looks after all the accounts re-, Congress affecting the postal service, and has general supervision over STATE DEPARTMENT. lating to the pay, clothing and recruiting of the army; the arsenals, everything relating to the gathering, carrying and distribution of United armories and ordnance; all accounts relating to the Indian Department; all moneys The head of this department is the Secretary of State, who is States mails; superintends the distribution and disposal of reporting to the second comptroller. The third auditor has all accounts appointed by the President as a member of the Cabinet, and receives a belonging to, or appropriated for, the department; and the instruction for sustenance of the army, military academy, military roads, fortifica- salary of $8,000 per year. The law provides that in case the office of of and supervision over all persons in the postal service, with reference tions, quartermaster's department, certain pensions, claims for President becomes vacant, through the death, removal or resignation of arising to their duties. military service previous to 1817 ; for all property lost in the military both the President and Vice-President, the Secretary of State assumes In providing for handling the general work of the Post Office service; he reports also to the second comptroller. The fourth auditor it ni.vi.--.ary |.. create bureau-, or the duties of the Presidency. The Secretary of State may be said to be Department has been tumid four also reports to the second comptroller, and attends to all accounts of the official Secretary of the President, and countersigns all commissions offices, as they arc termed, each of which t- pr< sided over b> an a i the service connected with the navy. The fifth auditor reports to the (XX) per are all issued by the President. tant postmaster-general, who each receive $5, annum ; first comptroller, and adjusts all accounts connected with the diplo- subject to the direction and ! the head "f the department. The Secretary of State is the head of the Department of State and matic service of the Department of State. The sixth auditor adjusts of these various bureaus and their principal officials, with the is the chief diplomatic officer of the United States. In his department A review all accounts growing from the service of the Post Office Department. of the office,, will show very clearly the work handled each. and under his supervision is conducted the public business relating to name by postmaster-general i- allowed a chief-clerk at foreign affairs; to correspondence, commissions or instructions to or The first assistant WAR DEPARTMENT. salaries and allowances $4,000; with public Ministers from the United States; or to negotiations with $2,500 per year; superintendent of superintendent Ministers from foreign States; or to memorials or other applications The War Department was organized in August, 17S9. The head of superintendent of division appointments $3,000; of city from foreigners, or foreign public Ministers, or citizens of this country this department is known as the Secretary of War; is appointed by the frec-dclivcry service $3,000. receives a salary of $12,(XX) per second assistant postmaster-general has charge of the follow- in foreign lands, or complications arising therefrom. The Secretary of President, and annum. The War De- The attends to the execution all ing divisions, indicated the following officials wdio are under hi- State also has charge of all other business connected with foreign partment of laws affecting the Regular by superintendent ol railway adjustments $3,000 per year; chief affairs, extradition matters and diplomatic officers; furnishing passports Army, and carries out and performs such duties as may be provided control: directed the relative division inspection $2,000: chief of division of contracts $2,(XX); chief to vessels going to foreign countries, etc., and has charge of the Great for by law or by President to military forces, of equipment ; general superintendent of railway mail Seal of the United States. military commissions and the warlike stores of the United States. In of division of mail foreign mails $3,000. Connected with the Department of State and forming a part of it former years this department also had charge of Indian as well as service $4,000; superintendent of affairs, this third assistant postmaster general controls the following di- in the great work of performing and caring for the duties outlined military but has been transferred to the Department of The bureaus the Interior. The War Department is also required, among other visions: superintendent of money-order division $3,500; superintendent arc the following : . . The Diplomatic Bureau, which looks after the affairs pertaining duties, to maintain the signal service and provide for taking meteoro- of registry system $2,500; superintendent of division of finance $2,250; observations at various points superintendent of division of stamps $2,500; also the post-card agent to foreign governments. logical on the continent, and give tele- The Consular Bureau, correspondence with consulates. graphic notice of the approach of storms. There is also maintained a and the stampcd-cnvclope agent at $2,500 each. The Bureau of Indexes and Archives, the duties of which are to Civil Engineering Department, through the aid of which is carried out The fourth assistant postmaster-general controls the following di- rivers visions: Superintendent rural free delivery service $3,000; superintend- open the official mails, prepare an abstract of the daily correspondence such improvements in and harbors as may be authorized by Con- gress. Secretary of War also has supervision the Point ent of post office supplies $2,500; superintendent of dead-letter office and an index of it. and superintend miscellaneous work of department. The over West $2,750. The Bureau of Accounts, in which all of the finances of the de- Military Academy. $2,750; topographer chiefs of divisions mentioned above there arc partment are looked after, such as the custody and disbursement of The private clerk for the head of the War Department is paid Besides the various Department a law clerk, 3t $2,500 per appropriations: also indemnity funds and bonds: also care of the $2,500 per year; assistant secretary, $5,000; chief clerk, $4,000. The connected with the Post Office assistant attorney-general, $5,000, department, etc, most of the subordinates and assistants in the War Department, except year; appointment clerk, at $2,000; huilding and property of the . mentioned, arc officers of the Regular Army, who arc sal- a disbursing clerk, $2,250; also the auditor of the post office depart- , The Bureau of Rolls and Library, which is charged with the those paid custody of treaties, rolls, public documents, etc.; has care of revolution- aries and perquisites. ment, at $4,000. Copyright, 1910, by Oeo. A. Ogle & Co. , ;' SUPPLEMENT IV DIGEST OF THE e SYSTEM OF OIVI1- GOVERNMENT lias a negative (or veto) upon all justice of the United ation for various purposes. He life, or during "good behavior." The chief measures may OF THE INTERIOR. and laws passed by the Legislature, but it is provided that DEPARTMENT States Supreme Court receives a salary of $13,000 per annum, Gov- his veto by a two-thirds vote of that body. The immediate control of the Sec- circuit judges receive a sal- be passed over Interior Department is under the the associate justices $12,000 each. The military or naval forces, anti The ernor is commandcr-in-chicf of the State appointed by the President. M year. chief clerk is $2,400 per • receives a salary of $5,500 per His paid $5,000 per year; Kentucky $6,500; Massachusetts and Ohio $8,000; Ne- Treasurer's office. The lan by which the Treasurer receives the rev- year, there is a foreman of printing and a foreman of binding, and vada, Connecticut, Michigan, Tennessee, Texas and Washington, $4,- enues of the State is different in different States. In some States the of receive $2,100 per annum. each whom 000; Maryland and Oklahoma $4,500; Mississippi. Arkansas, Florida Auditor issues an order for him to receive the same and charges the Civil Service Commission. This commission consists of three and South Carolina $3,500; Iowa, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, North Car- amount against the Treasurer. In others he is charged with all mon- commissioners, each of whom are paid $4,500 per year. The chief olina, North Dakota and Rhode Island $3,000; West Virginia $2,700; eys which he is entitled to receive, and then given credit for delinquen- examiner connected with the commission is paid $3,000 per annum, South Dakota, Nebraska and Wyoming $2,500; Delaware, Maine, New cies. In still other States the Treasurer issues duplicate receipts for and the secretary $2,500. Hampshire and Utah and Oregon and Vermont $1,500. ' $2,000; all moneys paid in, which must be countersigned by the Auditor t Interstate Commerce Commission. This commission was cre- About the only statement concerning the qualifications required for valid, and one of these must be deposited with the Auditor, sc purpose, and charged with the duty, of seeing that the laws for the this office that would be common to all the States is that he must be may charge the amount against the Treasurer. In this way a double regulating interstate commerce were faithfully executed and observed, a citizen of the State in which he is elected. In most of the States, system is carried on—both Auditor and Treasurer keeping a full ac- and to prevent unjust discrimination on the part of railway corpora- ‘ in addition to the salary named, the Governor is furnished w‘ count of all moneys received and paid out, and their books and ac- and common carriers. The commission consists^ of seven com- tions residence, which is known as the "Executive Mansion.” counts must balance, as at stated intervals the Treasurer must make missioners appointed from different sections of the United States, each The powers and duties that devolve upon the Governor are about settlements with the Auditor and submit books, vouchers, etc., to the of whom receives a salary of $10,000 per year. The secretary of the the same in all of the States. He is charged with a general supervision Legislature. In most of the States the State Treasurer is required commission receives a salary of $5,000 per annum. over the faithful execution of the laws, and is the legal custodian of to publish at stated times, in the newspapers at the capital, an itemized JUDICIARY. all the property of the State not spccificially entrusted to other officers statement of the public accounts, expenditures, funds, receipts and by law, and is authorized to take summary possession of such property. disbursements. He is also required to make a complete report and The judicial powers of the United States are vested in the follow- He is expected to communicate by message to each session of the itemized statement to each session of the Legislature. In nearly all ing named courts, viz. : The United States Supreme Court, consisting Stale legislature such information or recommendations regarding of the States the law is very explicit in outlining the duties of the of one chief justice and eight associate justices; the United States State affairs as he may deem necessary and proper, and he is em- State Treasurer, the following being very common provisions in relatioi Court of Claims, which consists of one chief justice and four judges; powered to call extra sessions of that body whenever the public welfare to the office, viz.: That a complete record of all moneys must be kept the United States Circuit Court of Appeals ; and the United States Circuit may demand. He accounts to the same body for all moneys received showing what is received or paid out of the various "funds," which and District Courts. All judges of United States Courts arc appointed for and paid out, and presents estimates of amounts to be raised by tax- "funds" must be exhibited in separate accounts. In several of the Copyright, 1910, by Geo. A. Ogle & Co. SUPPLEMENT V digest of the: system of' civil gc)VERN MENT laws various States, four six. Gen- States the Governor and one or two other State officials constitute a ancc companies, and it is his duty to revoke the license of any company for by the of the usually from to board, which must at certain times examine and check up the accounts, not conforming to law. Reports arc made to him at stated times by erally these officers arc elected by the people, either from the State at but books and vouchers of the State Treasurer and ascertain the amount the various companies, and he has power to examine fully into their large or (in three of the States) as representing certain districts, various documents re- this is riot the case always, as in several States they arc chosen by the of funds in the Treasury. condition, assets, etc. He files in his office the lating to insurance companies, together with their statements, etc., and Governor or Legislature. In all of the States the Supreme Court has ATTORNEY-GENERAL. at regular intervals makes full reports to the Governor or Legislature. appellate jurisdiction both in law and in equity, and has original juris- diction in remedial eases, mandamus, habeas corpus and cases relating The Attorney-General, as the name implies, is the general legal COMMISSIONER OF LABOR STATISTICS. to the revenue, but there is no trial by jury in this court. counsel or lawyer for the various branches of the State government. for by the the different "Commissioner of Labor Statistics” is Various other courts arc provided laws of In all of the States the powers and duties of the Attorney-General In several of the States a States, such as appellate courts, circuit or district courts, probate courts, very similar. It is his duty to appear for the State in all actions appointed by the Governor, who is the head of what may be termed are county courts, superior courts, municipal courts, courts of justices of the and proceedings in the Supreme Court in which the State has an in- the labor bureau. In a great majority of the States, however, this peace, etc. The jurisdiction of all these courts is, of course, interior terest; to institute and prosecute in all courts all actions, either for branch of work is taken care of by a board of labor commissioners, varies greatly in the different States. statistics the State his appointees. to that of the Supreme Court, and or against a State officer, in which the State has an interest; to con- a bureau of or by Auditor and The these, where th-rc are large cities, various other courts arc also this bureau or commission is to collect, and Besides sult with and advise the various county or state's attorneys in mat- general design of assort established to aid in caring for the enormous amount of judicial work relating to their official duties, and when public interest requires systematize, and present in regular reports to the Legislature, statistical ters business interests. various the different departments of labor in the that arises from such vast and complex The assists in criminal prosecutions. It is his duty to consult with details relating to State, and he them courts are also provided with the necessary officials for carrying on the the Governor and other State officers, and give, when re- make such recommendations as may be deemed proper and necessary and advise clerks of court, court reporters, bailiffs, etc. the commercial, industrial, social, educational san- judicial business— such as quested, written opinions on legal or constitutional questions relating concerning and laboring classes. to their official duties, and to give written opinions when requested by itary conditions of the the Legislature or any committee thereof. It is also his duty to pre- OTHER STATE OFFICERS. pare, when necessary, drafts for contracts or other writings relating to . COUNTY GOVERNMENT 'subjects in which the State is interested. He is required to enforce the In all of the States there exist one or more other State officers funds appropriated to the various State institu- in addition to those already mentioned, which are made necessary by proper application of 0 far as the principal county offices arc concerned, the general the administration of the interests. It is, therefore, unneces- f^ tions, and prosecute breaches of trust in local condition or local business arrangement and method of handling the public business is re- same and when necessary to prosecute corporations for failure or sary to mention any of these at length in this article. It may be offices ; . very much the same in all of the Stales ; but the arc to prosecute official bonds of delin- stated, however, that in all the States may be found two or more of fusal to comply with the laws; of called by different names, and in minor details—such as trans- which the State has an interest. The following State officers, and further, that each one of the follow- quent officers or corporations in the ferring from one office to another certain minor lines of work keep a record of all actions, com- ing officers is found in some State in the Union, viz. : Super- Attorney-General is required to named —there are a number of points in which the method of county gov- intendent or commissioner of agriculture, commissioner of mines plaints, opinions, etc. ernment in the various States differs. The writer has adopted the secretary of agricultural board, secretary of internal affairs, clerk and names of the principal county offices which are most common in the STATE SUPERINTENDENT OR SUPERINTENDENT OF reporter of the Supreme Court, commissioner of railways, commissioner Northern States, as in the Southern and New England States there arc PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. immigration, State printer, State binder, land agent or commissioner, of scarcely any two States in which the names or titles of all the county Union. commissioner, register or superintendent of State land office, register of This is an office which exists in nearly every State in the offices are identical. commissioner of schools and lands, surveyor-general, inspector- In three or four of the States the management of the educational in- lands, in these general, State oil inspector-general, State oil inspector, dairy commis- OF THE COUNTY terests of the State is vested in a State Board of Education, but AUDITING OFFICE AND CLERK that BOARD. eases the secretary of the board assumes most of the detail work sioner. Superintendent. The in most of the States devolve upon the State county is as ’ STATE BOARDS. Generally the principal auditing officer of the known all of the States, but it full title given to this office is not the same in the “county auditor" or "county clerk." In Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Superintendent of Public Instruction or Pub- Besides the officers departments which have already been is generally called "State and Nebraska, Oklahoma. Wisconsin and many other States the office is Rhode Island, and a few others, mentioned, there arc number of State boards or bureaus that are lic Schools.” In Ohio, Maine and a called "county clerk.” In Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota!, of Schools.” necessary in carrying on the complex business connected with the this officer is termed "Commissioner South Dakota, Ohio and others it is termed “county auditor." In a few Superintendent arc very much alike in all of State. following list of such State boards and The duties of the State government a The of the States under certain conditions this office is merged with some with a general supervision over the bureaus includes all that can be found in the majority of the States; of the States, as he is charged other county office. A notable example of this is in the State of Mich- of the public schools. In many of them, however, arc only found in a few of the States, because educational interests of the State and some igan, where they have one official, under the simple title of "clerk," public schools, and he hi# local nature and are only made necessary by the exist- States his authority is not limited to the they arc of a who looks after about all of the work which in most of the States all colleges, academies conditions or business interests. It will also be authorized by law to demand full reports from ence of certain local devolves upon both the county clerk and also clerk of court. In all of to secure at regular intervals re- that some of the boards named cover the same line of work or private schools. It is his duty observed the States a bond in a moderate sum is required of the county clerk institutions and tile all paper-, reports that has already been mentioned as belonging to some State officer. This ports from all such educational or auditor, and he is paid a salary' of from $1,500 to $3,500 per year, or county school officers. the fact that a few of the States place the management of and documents transmitted to him by local grows from besides in some Stales being allowed certain fees, unless it is in a Very various county super- the hands of a State board, while in others, He is the general adviser and assistant of the certain lines of work in large and heavily populated county, where the salary paid is of neces- lie give, when requested instead of having a State board they delegate the powers and duties to intendents or school officers, to whom must sity much higher than this amount. No county treasurer or member of under the school law. It is single State official. All of the States, however, have a number it his written opinion upon questions rising a of the county board is eligible to this office. In general terms may controversies arising under the mentioned in this list, the names of which imply the also his duty to hear and determine the State boards be stated as a rule the auditor acts as the clerk or secretary of the county superintendent of each attends to. viz.: Railroad and warehouse commis- school laws coming to him by appeal from a line work official county board, although in a few of the States the court clerk is school registers, school equalization, board or commission of agriculture, uni- or school official. He prepares and distributes sioners, board of required to look after this matter. The clerk of the county board keeps make such rules and commissioners of public charities, canal com- blanks, etc., and is generally given the power to versity trustees, board or an accurate record of the board’s proceedings and carefully preserves efficient and uniform effect missioners, penitentiary commissioners, board of health, dental exam- brought regulations as arc necessary to carry into all documents, records, books, maps and papers which may be Superin- library, board of pharmacy, commission the provisions of the laws relating to schools. The State iners, trustees of historical before the board, or which the law provides shall be deposited in his each regular session claims, live stock commissioners, fish commissioners, inspectors of county tendent is required to make a detailed report to of office. In the auditing office an accurate account is kept with the common school re- labor commissioners, board of education, board of public of the State Legislature, showing an abstract of the coal mines, treasurer. Generally they file the duplicates of the receipts given by educa- pardons, assessment commissioners. ports; a statement of the condition of public schools and State works, board of the countv treasurer, charging him with all money paid into the treasury expended, and tional institutions; the amount of money collected and and giving credit for all warrants paid. The general plan of paying funds that have LEGISLATURE OR JeNERAL ASSEMBLY. the all other matters relating to the schools or school claims against a county is as follows: If the claim is one in which interested in "Legislative other been reported to him. He is forbidden from becoming The law-making power of every State is termed the amount due is fixed by law. or is authorized to be fixed by some be the sale of any school furniture, book or apparatus. Department.” The legislative power, according to the constitutions of person or tribunal, the auditor issues a warrant or order which will the various States, is vested in a body termed the Legislature or Gen- paid by the treasurer, the certificate upon which it is allowed, being duly STATE LIBRARIAN. board, eral Assembly which consists of an Upper and Lower H'ouse, designated filed. In all other eases the claim must be allowed by the county officers the House of Representatives. In a few of the presiding officer issues a warrant or order which In nearly all of the States the laws provide for a State un- usually as Senate and and the chairman or office is filled by ap- States the House is called "The Assembly.” In most of the clerk. complete record of all these county warrants der the title of “State Librarian." As a rule the Lower is attested by the A session every two years, but county treasurer must balance pointment of the Governor, although in a few States it is an elect- States the Legislature meets in regular or orders is kept, and the accounts of the The State Librar- this is not the universal rule, as in a few of the States the law provides The above in general terms outlines the most important ive office and is filled by direct vote of the people. therewith. property belonging to the for annual sessions. In all of the States, however, a provision is made of work which the county clerk or county auditor looks after in ian is the custodian of all the books and branch discharge Governor may, on extraordinary occasions, call special in all of the States the law requires him to look State Library, and is required to give a bond for the proper whereby the most of the States, but his care, by issuing proclamation. of other matters, although in these there is no uniform- of his duties and safekeeping of the property intrusted to session a after a number import- The Legislative Department has the power to pass all such laws as between the various States, and no general description of these as in many of the States the State Library is an immensely ity Supreme necessary for the welfare of the State, and carry into effect the additional duties could be given that would apply to all the ant and valuable collection. In some of the States the may be minor or others the constitution. The Legislature receives the reports Court judges prescribe all library rules and regulations. In provisions of States. up Governor, together with the reports of the various other State they have a Library Board of Trustees, which is sometimes made of the COUNTY TREASURER. constitute a officers they provide by appropriation for the ordinary and contingent certain other State officials, who ; of the Governor and it one of regular times provided by law they This is an office which exists in all of the States, and is the management of the State Library. expenses of the government ; at board of commissioners for various offices necessary in carrying on the apportion the State into political districts, and make all other provisions the most important of the It is an elective office in all of the States, and ADJUTANT-GENERAL. for carrying on the State government. There is a general prohibition business of a county. nr four years, but a very com- post facto law, or law impairing the obli- the term of office is usu:dl> either two for Adjutant- against the passage of any ex nearly all of the States provision is made an various States is that after serving for one term In gation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of special privileges mon provision in the either elected by the people or appointed by the Gov- ineligible to the office until the General, who is measure to become a law must be passed by both as county treasurer a party shall be of which is or immunities. Any The name of the office implies the branch work at least one term after the expiration of the term for ernor. branches of the Legislature, and then be presented to the Governor for intervention of It is the duty of the Adjutant-General not exist in all ot handled by its incumbent. vetoes it), measure which he was elected. This provision, however, docs Commandcr-in-Chief with his approval. If he withholds his approval (or the issue and transmit all orders of the in some of them the county treasurer is eligible for re- to may be repassed by a two-thirds vote of the Legislature, when it will the States, as militia or military organizations of the State. He reference to the notwithstanding the Governor's veto. election for any number of terms. by the Governor, become a law keeps a record of all military officers commissioned The general duties of the county treasurers throughout the various regulations issued, and of principal custodian and of all general and special orders and SENATE. States is very similar. The countv treasurer is the ordinance, stores, camp other matters relating to the men, property, of the funds belonging to the county. It is his duty to receive and The Senate is the Upper House of the Legislature or General safely keep the revenues and other public moneys of the county, and pertaining to the State militia or military forces. Assembly. The various States are divided into senatorial districts, in and garrison equipage funds authorized to be paid to him, and disburse the same pursuant elected—the term of office varying from two all each of which a Senator is accounts, in which he EXAMINER. to law. He is required to keep proper books of PUBLIC EXAMINER OR BANK to four years. Except in three or four of the States the presiding must keep a regular, just and true account of all mom the Senate is the Lieutenant-Governor, although a President office that is found in only about one-half of officer of the particularly the time, when, of whom This is a State during the funds received by him, stating Bank Comptroller and in fro /fin. is usually elected, who acts as presiding officer In some States it is known as what fund or account each particular sum was received; and Slates. The presiding officer has no vote, and on upon this officer arc handled by a absence of the Lieutenant-Governor. by him according to others the duties which devolve Every also of all moneys, revenues and funds paid out general duties and however, in the Senate, except when that body is equally divided. fund "department" in the State Auditor’s office. The law, stating particularly the time when, to whom and on what but one vote upon all questions, and the right to be heard in conducting this work, in many respects, is very similar Senator has The books of the county treasurer must plan of measure brought before the payment is made from. various States in the olheer- advocating or opposing the passage of any at stated there is a great difference between the always be subject to the inspection of the county board, which, gener- In filling all of the most important State offices that are this made a separate State office, Legislature. and makes settlements with him. In some who attend to it. Where approved or intervals, examines his books be a skilled account- to be appointed by the Governor, the appointments must be treasurer arc ally speaking, the requirements are that he must of the States the provisions of the law relating to county officer of any of the confirmed by the Senate. who ant and expert bookkeeper, and cannot be an very strict; some of them provide for a county board of auditors, financial corporations accounts and public institutions, nor interested in any of the REPRESENTATIVES. are expected, several times a year, to examine the funds, with the duty HOUSE OF and is charged notice to the treasurer , which it may be his duty to examine. He vouchers of the treasury without pre vious accounts and standing ot cer- House of the State Legislature, in nearly if not quite all or board,' shall desig- of visiting and inspecting the financial The Lower in some it is provided that this board, the county the State laws, n is termed the House of Representatives. Like the tain corporations and institutions organized under the States of the Union, nate a bank (or banks) in which the treasurer is required to keep to visit certain county offi- every member of the House has the right to be heard in interest on several of the States it is made his duty the Senators, county funds deposited— the banks being required to pay their books and accounts, and en- or opposing any measure brought before the body of which to indemnify the county cials at stated intervals, and inspect advocating daily or monthly balances and give bond county officers. House is given the sole power of impeachment, is only authorized force a uniform system of bookkeeping by State and he is a member. The against loss. As a general rule the county treasurer be tried by the Senate. As a general rule, but all impeachments must to pay out county funds on warrants or orders issued by the chairman SUPERINTENDENT OF INSURANCE. all bills for raising revenue must originate in on COMMISSIONER OR there is a provision that of the county hoard and attested by the clerk, or in certain cases department relating to in- complete record of In all of the States of the Union the. tile House. warants or orders of the county auditing office. A of State government. accounts bal- surance has grown to be an important branch JUDICIARY. these warrants or orders is kept, and the treasurer’s must materially The method of controlling the insurance business differs ance therewith. In most of the States the law is very explicit in Department” is justly regarded as one of the most they arc all gradually moving in the The “Judicial and accounts of the county treasurer shall be in many of the States, although or directing how the books State office which important and powerful branches of government of cither the State direction, viz., creating a department or m kept. same department to pass upon and insurance companies arc attended Nation, as it becomes the duty of this all matters relating to insurance and business interpret, and thereby either annul or give validity to all the most OR REGISTER OF DEEDS. years, in nearly all of the States, the insurance COUNTY RECORDER to In former legislative and executive Auditor’s office. and was important measures and acts of both the of formed a department in the State „*S?„„ In a few of the States the office of county recorder oi register ,, NorthernN of the government. Now, however, in nearly all the branches in counties where the by him or his appointees. or deeds is merged with some other county office, separate and dis- It is impossible in a general article to give a detailed review of the Southern States, they have a certain amount. A notable example of this is States and many construction and make-up of the judicial departments population falls below a which is either elected by tl description of the arc tinct insurance department, the head of both the States of Illinois and Missouri (and there the States. The courts arc so differently arranged both as found in The duties and powers of of the various circuit clerk in many people or appointed by the Governor. where it is merged with the office of and jurisdiction that it would be useless to try to give others), various States are very smufiar. A gen- to their make-up recorder, insurance department of the ground. counties. The title of the joint office is "circuit clerk and department must be cx^Mienccd the reader a general description that would accurately cover the eral provision is that the head of this and the duties of both offices arc looked after by one official. tcre st '" In all of the States, except, possibly, one or two, the highest judi- is prohibited from holding an register of deeds are very insurance matters, and he ' the county recorder or in the Court, and unless l The duties of Supcrintendci^ t o f T cial authority of the State is known as Supreme company. The Commissioner or although in some of the Eastern and any insurance give the States Courts jurisdiction, similar in the various States, insurance matters, and t is ms questions arc involved which United name, has extensive powers concerning the office is called by other names. The usual surancc the court of last resort. The Supreme Court is made up of a chief Southern States and regulating insurance and insur- it is In Illinois, Indiana, duty to see that all laws respecting however, is county recorder or register of deeds. licenses to insur- justice and the several associate justices or judges as may be provided ance companies, arc faithfully observed; hq, issues li DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT same; re- actions, civil criminal, in any for the use of its inhabitants, and again to sell and convey the other States, it is called county suits, indictments, and prosecutions, and Iowa. Missouri, Ohio and many exercise of Wisconsin court of record in his county in which the “people of the State or and to make all such contracts as may be necessary in the corder." In Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, this forfeited bonds and recog- its powers as a township. In all of the States county” may be concerned ; to prosecute all and many more it is called "register of deeds." nizances, debts, revenues, moneys, In a great many of the States the township government is carried wherein arc kept all records relating to deeds, and all actions for the recovery of office is the repository State governments, hav- it fines, etc., accruing to his county commence and prosecute all actions on after a plan very similar to the county and mortgages, transfers and contracts affecting lands within the county, ; to officers and a township board in which the cor- the til- and proceedings by officer in his official capacity ; to ing various executive duty of the recorder or register, as soon as practical after brought any county is the legislative the township arc vested. In other entitled to be recorded, to defend all actions and proceedings brought against his county, or porate and powers, ot ing of any instrument in writing in his office corporate and reception, in against any county officer in his official capacity; to give legal opinions States they follow a plan which reserves to the people all record the same at length, in the order of the time of its to advice to the or other officers in relation to legislative powers, and therefore have no need for a township board, provided by the county for that purpose; and it is his duty and county board county books officers to carry out the wishes and the same was their official duties; to attend, if possible all preliminary examinations but have various other township endorse on all instruments a certificate of the time when they hold what is gen- concerning of criminals. When requested, lie is required to attend sessions of the orders of the voters. Where this plan prevails filed. All of the States have somr of the following provisions give legal advice and erally termed “town meetings," at which every legal voter of the town- the recorder, but these provisions are not common to allot grand jury, examine witnesses in their presence, the duties of meetings reports arc had from the various not allowed to record an in- sec that proper subpccnas and processes are issued; draw up indictments ship has a voice. At these : register or recorder is the States, viz. The necessary measures arc adopted and direc- to law; he is and prosecute the same. The county attorney is required, when re- township officials, and the strument of any kind unless it is duly executed according in tions given for carrying on the township business. instrument unless his fees are paid in ad- quested by the Attorney-General, to appear for the State in cases not obliged to record any plans or sub- his coupty in which the State is interested. The county attorney makes Still other States combine good features from both of the vance; as a rule, it is unlawful for him to record any map, plat criminal cases above mentioned, and besides the other usual township officials they situated within any incorporated city, town or village an annual report to his superior State officer of all the division of land restricted powers, same. In States prosecuted by him. maintain a township board, which is given certain until it is approved by the proper officers of the many endorsed such as those of a review or an auditing board, but they are not vested he is forbidden to enter a deed on the records until it lias been PROBATE OR COUNTY JUDGE. with the complete corporate and legislative powers of the township, this /taxes paid” by the proper official; he is required to exhibit, free of to The method of handling probate matters is not uniform throughout being reserved in a large measure to the voters, and all questions call; charge, all records, and allow copies to be made; he is authorized the given juris- ing for the exercise of such authority arc acted upon at the town meet- administer oaths and take acknowledgments. the various States. In many States higher courts are diction over probate matters, and in others they have created districts in ings. In many of the States the township board just described is made CIRCUIT OR DISTRICT CLERK, OR CLERK OF COURT. which arc held probate courts, whose jurisdiction extends over several up of three or more of the other township officers, who arc cx-oflicio times, per- or counties and takes in other matters besides purely probate affairs. In members of the township board, and they meet at certain In nearly all of the States, each county elects a "clerk of court a majority of the States, however, particularly the Western and North- form the work required of them, and report to the town meetings. courts," sometimes also known as circuit clerk or district clerk, indicat- ern States, they elect a county or a probate judge, who holds court and The principal officials in township organizations in nearly all the ing the court with which the office is connected. In some of the States, handles the probate matters which arise within his county. The juris- States arc the following: "Supervisors, or trustees," "clerk," "treas- as has already been stated, the office of clerk of court is merged with diction of these county or probate courts is not always confined ex- urer," "assessor," "collector," "justices of the peace," “constables," some other county office. This is the case in Illinois and Missouri, clusively to probate affairs, being frequently extended to many other "overseers, supervisors or commissioners of the highways," and "pound- where in many counties it is connected with the office of county re- matters, and they generally include such matters as apprenticeship masters," although as has been stated, many of the States do not have corder. In Michigan, one official under the name of "clerk" handles affairs, adoptions, minors, etc. In some of the States they have both a all of these officials. the business which usually is given to the clerk of court and countv county judge and a probate judge, and in these cases the jurisdiction of clerk or auditor. In Wisconsin, Missouri, Illinois and other States the the latter is confined to such matters as are in line with probate affairs. name used is "circuit clerk;" in Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, North In Missouri they have a probate judge, and also a county court, com- Dakota and many others the office is called "clerk of district court;" SCHOOL DISTRICT GOVERNMENT posed of county judges, in whom the corporate powers of the county while in many of the States, including Indiana, Ohio, Iowa, South arc vested—as the official county board. In Michigan they have a p" H E “common school system," or, to speak with greater accu- Dakota and others, it is called simply “clerk" or "clerk of the court or | ^ probate judge and a probate register. The probate judge is generally I racy, the method of governing school districts, in the various courts.” given original jurisdiction in all matters of probate, settlement of 1 States, differs widely, yet all follow in a general way one of The chief duty of this official is to act as clerk of the district or cir- estates of deceased persons, appointment of guardians and conserva- two separate and clearly defined methods, being amended in cuit court, and sometimes other courts of inferior jurisdiction. It is tors and settlement of their accounts. They take proof of wills, direct minor respects to meet local conditions and ideas. All of these the clerk’s duty to keep the seals and attend the sessions of their respec- the administration of estates, grant and revoke letters testamentary and methods have their excellent points, and yet it has been claimed tive courts, preserve all the files and papers thereof, make, keep and pre- by of administration, appoint and remove guardians, etc. eminent educators that no one of them is free fault objection, serve complete records of all the proceedings and determinations there- from and nor has reached perfection. It will be the aim of this article to briefly of, and carry out such other duties as may be required by the rules and COUNTY SURVEYOR. explain the principal features of the several methods, it orders of their respective courts. They must enter of record all judg- but is not pos- sible to go into detail ments, decrees and orders of the court as soon as possible after they This is an office which is common to nearly all of the States. It in the matter of giving the system of school gov- ernment that is followed in each of the many States of the Union. are rendered; keep all indictments on file as a public record, have is the duty of the county surveyor to execute any survey which may be The constitution and statutes authority to administer oaths, take acknowledgments; take and certify ordered by any court, or upon application of any individual or corpora- of all the States agree, however, upon several points. They aim to provide for thorough depositions, and are required to exhibit all records free of charge. In tion. and preserve a record of the surveys made by him. Nearly all of a and efficient system of free schools, whereby all the children of the States nearly all the States the law defines the character of the record books the States provide that certain records shall be kept by the county sur- may receive a thorough common school education; they which the clerk of court must keep. Although there is no settled rule in veyor, and provide penalties for his failure to place on record the sur- provide that all lands, moneys veys him. is the official county and other property donated, granted or received for school, college, this matter, the general provisions are that he shall keep : First, a gen- made by While he surveyor, yet the seminary or university purposes, and eral docket or register of actions, in which is entered the title of each surveys made by him arc not conclusive, but may be reviewed by any the proceeds thereof, shall be faithfully applied action in the order in which they are commenced, and a description of competent tribunal, and the correctness thereof may be disputed. to the objects stated; with two or three exceptions they provide that no appropriation shall be made or public each paper filed in the cause and all proceedings therein ; second, a funds applied COUNTY CORONER. in aid of any church or plaintiff’s index and defendant’s index; third, a judgment book and sectarian purpose, or to support or sustain any school, academy, seminary, college or university controlled execution docket, in which he enters the judgment in each action, time This is another county office which exists in nearly all of the States. or run in the interest of any church or for a sectarian of issuing execution, satisfaction, etc., and such other books as the In the average county there is not much work for the coroner, but in purpose; and they pro- hibit the various school officials holding interest courts or the laws may prescribe. the counties in which Targe cities are located the office is a very impor- from any in the sale, proceeds or profits of any book, apparatus furniture tant one. In general terms it may be stated that the coroner is required or used in the schools in which SHERIFF. to hold inquests over the bodies of persons supposed to have met with they, as officers, arc interested. In many of the States they follow what may be termed the "inde- In all of the States the office of sheriff is one of the most impor- violent or unnatural deaths. In most States lie has power to impanel a pent school district” method, inasmuch as each district, so tant of the county offices. The term of office varies in different States, jury to enquire into the cause of death; but in some of them this is not far as its corporate powers are concerned, is entirely separate being usually either two or four years, and in several of the States one the case, and he is given power to act alone. He can subpeena wit- and independent of other districts. Where this plan is followed the boundaries of each dis- party cannot hold the office a second term consecutively. The general nesses ; administer oaths ; in certain cases provide for a decent burial, trict arc clearly defined, and provisions outlining the duties pertaining to this office are very much and can bind over to the proper court any person implicated in the each district is complete within itself. They elect a full set of district officials, alike in the various States, and the following resume of his duties may killing of the deceased. and exercise their corporate powers and manage their district affairs within be said to apply to all of the various States except in a few minor and themselves. In this OTHER COUNTY OFFICES. plan the corporate powers of the district usually unimportant details. The sheriff is charged with the duty of keeping are vested in a dis- The county offices that have already been trict board, which has general charge preserving peace in his county or, as has been written, "he is mentioned are the prin- of the interests of the district, and the ; cipal ones found in all of the States. There are, however, a few other hires teachers, and makes such contracts, carries the conservator of peace,” and it is his duty to keep the same, suppress and into effect such county officials besides those mentioned which exist in of the methods as is deemed necessary to raise the grade riots,- affrays, fighting, breaches of the peace and prevent crime, and many or aid in the effi- States, and which should be briefly mentioned ciency of the schools. The may arrest offenders “on view” and cause them to be brought before in this connection. These measure of the authority given to these dis- are such offices as county physician, county assessor, county trict boards is not the same in the proper magistrate; and to do this, or to execute any writ, warrant, collector, all the States, and in many States it is county poor commissioner or superintendent restricted, and a part of process, order or decree, he may call to his aid when necessary any of the county poor-house, the corporate power is reserved to the people master in chancery or court commissioner, county examiners, themselves, the officials being required, in person or the “power of the county." It is the duty of the sheriff to board of all important matters, to equalization, board of review, etc. The names carry out the wishes and serve and execute within his counts-, and return, all writs, warrants, of these offices imply the orders of the people of the district as duties. These offices expressed and decided process, orders and decrees of every description that may be legally do not exist in all of the States, but in nearly upon at the "district school meetings.” « every State the law provides for one or more of these county officials. Another method which is followed directed and delivered to him. He is a court officer, and it is his duty in many of the States may be termed the "township system." In such States to attend, either in person or by deputy, all courts of record held in his COUNTY BOARD. the law provides for the organization of each township county; by virtue of his office he has custody of the jail. It is his duty for school purposes, or as one large "dis- The powers of every county as a body politic and corporate are apprehend felons persons charged with trict," and each township, so far as its educational interests are con- to pursue and and crime and has vested in a county board. This official county board is generally cerned, is organized, has custody of prisoners. He is not allowed to purchase any property the necessary officials and becomes a body termed the county "board of supervisors,” or “board of commissioners,” politic and corporate. exposed for sale by him as sheriff. As a general rule, where this method prevails, but there are some exceptions to this, like Missouri, where the county the townships are divided into three or more sub-districts. All of these board is known as the "county court.” There is considerable difference COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT OR COMMISSIONER OF sub-districts are a part of the whole, and the finances and general busi- in the make-up of the county board in the various States. In some it is SCHOOLS. ness is generally managed by a township board made up of representa- made up of one member from each township in the county. In others tives from each sub-district. This board is generally clothed with the This is an office which exists under one name or another in nearly the counties are divided into districts, and one member the of county corporate powers, hires teachers, provides fuel and every State in the Union. The title of the office in a great majority of supplies and makes board is chosen from each district. No general description of this could all the contracts necessary superintendent," to carry on the various schools in the town- the States is "county but in Michigan, Missouri, Ohio. be given that would be accurate, as some of the States follow both of ship. As with independent districts, the powers of this board arc not New York, and possibly one or two other States, the office is termed these plans. For instance, in Illinois some of the counties are governed alike in all States where "school commissioner," and in several the States the township system prevails, for in some of the laws provide for by a board of supervisors, which is made up of one member from each States their power is county examiners or school very much restricted, and is limited to certain offi- a board of commissioners, who are given township, while other counties in the same State are governed by a cial matters, the corporate powers and right to important considerable of the work that in most of the other States is handled by make contracts board of county commissioners, consisting of three or more members, being reserved to the the county superintendent. people, who decide on these questions at what are each representing districts into which the counties in question are termed the school meetings. In a few of the States where they follow The name of this office implies the duties which devolve upon it, divided. the township system they have official and they are very much alike in all of the States. The incumbent of no board. This is the case in In- The general powers of the county board throughout all of the diana, where they elect a township trustee, whose duty it this office is charged with a general supervision over the schools of the States is to look after is about the same, except in minor details. It represents the leg- all the educational interests county, and must be a fitting person as to education and moral charac- of the township, subject to the approval of islative and corporate powers of the county. One of their number is the people at the regular meetings. In most of the States where ter. As a rule it is their duty to examine and license teachers, but in a always chosen as chairman or the president, and acts as the presiding of- township system prevails the of the States provision is for a board of examiners. law provides for the organization, under few made County ficer. The county board has general charge over the affairs of the certain conditions, of sub-districts into superintendents aTe required to visit and inspect the schools at regular independent districts, which gives county. It is their duty to provide county offices, provide desks, sta- them the intervals, and give such advice and instruction power to elect their own officers and act independently to teachers as may be tionery, books, fuel, etc.; examine, investigate of the and adjust claims against other schools in the township. and proper. , deemed necessary They are required to organize and con- the county, and have general care and custody of all the real and per- In nearly all of the duct institutes for the instruction of teachers if deemed necessary, and States one of the two general methods given sonal estate owned by the county. At regular intervals they settle with encourage teachers' associations. They introduce above is followed, with certain changes to make the plan more to the notice of the county treasurer; examine accounts and vouchers. efficient They locate and satisfactory, and to better meet- the desires teachers and the people the best modes of instruction, the most county roads determine and needs of the people ; the amount of county tax, and regularly approved pub- of the different States. Many of the States combine good plans of building and ventilating school-houses, etc., stimu- lish a statement of their proceedings; features from make statements of receipts, both these systems as late school officers to the prompt and proper discharge of their duties. some of the States have the township system, expenditures, etc.; and make all contracts, and do all other acts in receive reports the various wherein each sub-district has its own board, and so far They from school officers, and transmit an relation to the property and concerns as controlling its of the county necessary to exercise own affairs is concerned, abstract of these reports to the State Superintendent, adding a report of is independent of all other districts. But local its corporate powers that are not specifically delegated to other county conditions the condition of the schools under their charge. In have in many instances made special and nearly all the States officials. local provisions necessary that arc different they are forbidden having any interest in the sale of any school furni- in each State, and while there may be a vast difference in the methods ture, apparatus or books used in the schools. In many States they have followed, their aim is the same and as a whole the various authority to annul a teacher’s certificate for proper cause, and in gen- systems have accomplished the result of giving throughout eral to take such steps and enforce such methods as will elevate and TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT the length and breadth of the Union the grandest and most make more efficient the schools under their control. efficient system of free schools that the world has ever known. P 1 ^ H E method of township government throughout the different COUNTY. PROSECUTING OR STATE’S ATTORNEY. States varies so much that it is impossible in this article to treat of it more than in a general way. In many of the States There is a great difference between the various States CITIES in the method the townships are not organized as bodies corporate, and in AND VILLAGES of handling or attending to the legal business relating to county mat- other States in some counties they may have township or- N all of the States the laws provide for the local ters or growing from county affairs. In many of the States the official ganization, while government of who in other counties in the same State it docs not exist. school matters and civil authority. In school affairs provision is attends to this line of work is known as the "county attorney," in other In cases where there is no township organization the provides law that pendent of. the township in which they arc located, both States he is called the State’s attorney or prosecuting or district attor- certain county officials as to shall attend to the local work, or that work •key be separated ney. In may from, and thus manage their affairs indc- a few of the States they divide the State into districts embracing which in other localities as assumed by the township officials. But citics and villages, so that when they attain a certain population a number of counties, and a district attorney is elected in each district, even where they have township organization the plan of township gov- made for handling the more complex educational who in some cases attends to all the interests of villages legal work of the various counties, ernment in the different States where it exists differs so widely that and cities— the school boards being made larger, and and in others he assists the county attorneys in their most important scarcely any two States in many cases the may be said to be alike. About the only state- scope of their authority very duties prosecutions. is much extended. In civil matters pro- and But whatever plan may be followed in the ments concerning the organized townships that could be made which vision is made in all of the States for the organization of villages and various States, and whatever title may be given to this office, the general would apply to all the States are the following; Every organized town- cities as corporate bodies, separate and duties of the office are very the distinct from the townships, and much same throughout all of the States. ship in its corporate capacity has power to sue and be sued; to acquire providing for the necessary officers to carry on the affairs It is the duty of the county attorney to commence and prosecute all by purchase, gift of the or devise, and hold property, both real and personal, municipality. • “ ^ ' ; GENERAL INFORMATION ON BANKING AND BUSINESS METHODS. to make a "sight" or "tlmodraft- parties' If tho customer desires CHECKS. bank will furnish him With upon a debtor, upon application tho a bank Is one form of "Inland Bill of Ex- GENERAL INFORMATION blank drafts. CHECK on change." but there Is some slight difference In tho liability requires no acceptance, ns a ON AND BALANCES. of the parlies to It. A check STATEMENTS A tho checks of Its depositors while bank Is bound to pay balances will not their funds, and tho drawer of a check having words concerning statements and still In possession of FEW of datnago for refusal lo honor his in this connection. Every customer a funds on deposit has' an action for Business Methods. bo Inappropriate ob- Banking and d U fa 0 Ck check, under such circumstances, on tho ground of an Implied course of business. A b |rniced the bDnker. ^iS°rulo ligation to pay checks according to tho usual have^ hiB°"PaM'^Mk"° W Checks are usually drawn payable Immediately, but they may bo deposits Is addet' future day, nnd In this case their resemblance Snd“avo“dloss ^‘com^llrat'lon^The amou™of made payable at a tota^ "» of tlio»" exchange Is very close. As stated, a check requires no “p Is struck by deducting the to a bill of A BANK AND ITS CUSTOMERS. and a balance liability of the drawer Is con- RELATIONS BETWEEN which the hank has iccepted" acceptance, so far as payment or customer's checks returned obligation against a hank In favor of rela- The cancelled checks arc cerned. but It creates no life there Ih no more complex or Important (certified) during mth. N business should bo reported until acceptance. When accepted by tho bank lho word exists between the business men gon- customer. error Is discovered It the hoidcr tion than that which to the and rec- fact with the signature of the banker. Jealous so that It may be Investigated "Accepted" Is stamped on Its and the banks, and It should be guarded with Immediately to th e rally then said lo be certified und thereafter lho bank Is liable to I both may retuln the full confidence of the other. It Is care so that titled. As soon as the check Is "certified" the amount Is the United States has progressed with the holder Business development In the account of tho "drawer" the same as if paid, long since passed the stage where PAPER. charged against such gigantic strides that It has NEGOTIABLE as tho "drawer” Is concerned. banks. and It Is considered paid so fur carry on business without the agency of is It Is even possible to world of to- a check Is not a surety In the same sense as transaction of Dullness nnd mak- the greatest factor In tho business The drawer of ure today a necessity In the ROBABLY Is tho principal debtor like They which It Is not prob- tho drawer of a bill of exchange, but been said, and with a great deal of truth Is “Negotiable Paper," Without ing exchanges. It has day tho note. cannot complnln of any delay in tho pre- and solo object und result of business development could have assumed the maker of a He that In the present day the entire able that appropriation to the holder of so P reached In America, and w l,- sentment. for It Is an absolute of banking It has transfer of credits on the books the vast proportions that llo at business Is the could not be carried money. In the hands of the bank, and there it may the only use to which money Is put lo In the business of the civilized world much houses; and that about out which Promis- pleasure. The delay, however, Is at the holder s risk, Business. In the most Includes a variety of Instruments, such the holder's making small change or paying balances. on This term after ho could have got his money tho b> bills of exchange. Tho bill of ex- and If the bank should fall comprehensive sense. Is almost wholly carried on sory notes checks, drafts and the bank pays out general und negotiable paper and has loss Is his. If. before ho presents the chock, drafts nnd exchange. And it will the oldest forms of tho nld of banks with checks, change Is one of came tho drawer, then ho may look to the drawer for of confidence plays of centuries. The draft and check all the money of seen a very Important part the element been In use for a number check transfers It to another ho be what promissory note Is a com- payment. If the holder of a Is remembered that every check or draft a much later day. nnd the In business life, when It Into use at that It will bo presented for payment with- of the and has very largely token theph.ee has the right to expect hands, Implies the confidence on the part p paratively recent Invention, expect that It will that changes times, inemo.c in a reasonable time. Ho has the right to L used In former It. that It will be n the bank r,r th. hill of exchange as It was which receiving and accepting and either be presented the next day or started to tho point on of promissory notes, bills of exchange, presented. Important attribute Is held beyond a reasonable tlmo and a loss Is when whlch dlstln^ sb them from It Is drawn. If It oTher instruments of the same cla^ responsible for the delay must bear This consists ot two ei. occasioned thereby, the party contracts. Is their ucgollabUllv far Its ov OPENING AN ACCOUNT nil other tho loss. If a bank pays a forged check It la so elements or branches-first the power of * tlrely distinct cannot charge the money to lho depositor whoso nar depositor and cus- that It first step In the matter of becoming a entitled to recover the money from the party HE either forged. But It Is Is the Interview with the banker, amount hi tomer of a bank presented It. If It pay a check of which the be. It un- who President, or Cashier, ns the case may Increased. It can charge the draw the one who falsely and fraudulently T for some I necessary known to tho banker it Is the original amount, provided tho drawer himself hon- In good faith, nnd without notice with blent nnd touch for the applicant as being consideration to a purchaser carelessly writing It or leaving I s known to fy a or facilitated the forgery by led to lx care all defenses of the mnker (with caused and straightforward, for banks are compel of any defect or defense, whereby the forgery or alteration easy, orable tho holder becomes absolutely It In such bands as to moke subsequently must handle all are cut off. and tne In cases w ful In -this matter ns they few exceptions) some of tho States the Supreme Court has decided the prospective as they checks, drafts and exchanges that Cn checks were "raised" that the drawer must bear the loss honest n * be perfectly valid as a con- ,. the business of an 'order or promise may Perforat- ...... die A "writ toil are failed to take reasonable precaution to Prevent It. of a dishonest r negotiable unless certain requisites bad valuable to them and Is appreciated, that tract; but It will not be cutting machines arc on the market which make It almost the st are Indispensable . It ing and as an element of risk and dunger— compiled with The following requisites amounts so as to avoid detection, shunned by them ^sohtte, not^ d* Impossible to raise or alter the ' Mgned^lt ^nu.st be d®P«£ nth must be written; must be decisions Is to regard the use of these as j thei toUstaaory nnd tlio tendency of tho ' Identification and reference, however, being n precaution on the part of cheek drawers to savo The account book by computation; the time of pay- only a reasonable given a pass book or capable°of ' being Certain Some, however, adopt tho plan the prospective customer Is amount but their bank from trouble and loss. for Hint purpose. Is made as will become certain ; when signature writes his signature In n book kept ment must be certain or such of writing the amount In red Ink across their first deposit >l n * nnd paying tellers, makes Ills the law Implies ,ha ‘ P“ ?* ' Join In a deposit they n known lo the receiving no time Is expressed .g- by If many persons not partners. nnd depositor of the bank. order or promise misspelled or wrong In a check, then a full Hedged customer dlntely; and lastly, the . If a payee's name Is and Is payees. 0o -dcrder In a check. that Is. payable to a certain as It appears and th"" words of negotiability— the usual plan Is to endorse It first exactly In DEPOSITS. tied rule ns to how checks — aid b NOTES. •s It Is nn almost Invariable rule to make Ticket" PROMISSORY : "Deposit payee EPOSITS nre made In the following manner A so as to require tho endorsement of the and he enters unaffected by "to "Deposit Blank" Is furnished the customer, general "law merchant.' many check drawers make them payable or desires CrmnniKOC G to the 8 but In smaller U ns description of all the Items which lie .s .be written prom.se of a per- endorsement, and If lost or upon this a full statu?e a p~mUsory note case they require no D certain sun ofmoneyat such a check at tho pay a presents a son. called the "maker." to loss—as whoever each* d^af't designated person termed the payee rrencHnd mak!ng A a certuin time to a ) payment. drafts andMchecks requisites that have deposits. In entering such Items as bearer. It must have all the that ho Item which ^1.1 or to his order or require a -'>.\ra,e entry for eacb for negotiable paper th , C * some bank, been mentioned ! ?, as It| ',huthus, loses0 seL “thetne ™e-etc DRAFTS. It becomes a contract, ^ of these matters endorsed his name on the back perfectly valid without all drawn After having negotiability. Contracts may be bill of exchange." Tho two or°chcck°U Ticket," together ment of qualities DRAFT Is a form of an "inland and drafts he hands the "Deposit they do not possess the peculiar called "drafts are tho bank of all checks to the re of these requisites, but forms of bills of exchange It. and Ills Pass Book, with all the Items named upon promissory notes. nnd the "sight or tlmo draft." Tie the various Items to which belong to wordswnrds draft tor exchnnge) checks oft > "rile the examines It, promissory notes to tho ns i celling teller, who customary In all A Is. all Intents nnd purposes, samo total amount to the It Is bank draft to all there, and enters the see that they are term Is usualty applied to i rr‘«d check, but the In the "Pass Book an* It s al customer's credit in<- books of ttie bans. aa.sns.iKM > ' lit Deposit Ticket onto the 3 f from the and -A drafMs but very seldom made payable feature of the transaction, | “"coiTCSpondent." "Deposit Ticket" Is an Important Invariable rule to make them payablo s bearer. It being almost an fill this out with Ink ns a rule are tlicecusiorner Is required to or sealed, but negotiable Instruments order. They are negotl for future reference by the a consideration con to a certain payee or and Is carefully preserved original parties .. want o and tho date alt exception to this. Between the Indefinitely by endorsemcnt. If a droll ,,“ or difference that mny arise. As an to defeat a transferred stopped, k .„ settle any dispute defense and would operate It. tho payment can be “"deration can be pleaded a by applying to the bank that Issued same effect as between an enciors.r days a duplicate recover v It would have the and after tlio expiration of thirty endorsee, but this only applies to Draft " ot "Tlme Draft." and his became homers^i^ofo. thotne The "Sight .iinxe hn had notice of the defense or r of days. Is a W alm^t Inyarlabhj P“>: O..V.aftcr - \sat be stated as an , ."TV.'-'V"* creditors,“SiVora. “andand UIt ' sserves' tho double jj-ss srywfc'BSr" next at th* paper after maturity. It may unking collections to-day by tho amount entered properly when operate to defeat the recot ery it tne bank ornr third" party, and Is taken and and, drafts nro rule that no defense will purpose of being nn ord „ a jSSf from the above that all checks wording, tlio fol- It will bo seen a receipt to the do simple In Its B ” . ' ' being si t however. ''is held I^onsl- lowing t e s ' T hc dc po or , Chicaoo. Juno 1, 189t. t b e° rame°Ls ' cast ^I m $1000 Ck dr d ,h e case may be) pa; At sight (or s after sight as the been ^r,ne°d b; IK Thousand Dollars and chargo ^ tho order of ank One due diligence In attending to them to Sims. The ^ank lmwever must use account. John draft Is held beyond,. to jny rcnsoname time. If a check or th. Slits, wUhln a Sr circumvention, or larceny, or ttat To Geo. NET the holder the ausoiu - s° off these defenses and give ” ^ bTcoinpelled ?o lose It. What Is In order to cut It e cel bonlT "wou Id ' named must be fulfilled. fa l'l "the r vIng rlcht to recover all of the conditions ENDORSEMENTS. a reasonable time, according Metl,lo 2£ “k^|^c '“'fo HF signature of any payee or holder on lho back nego.lable In- ^cheCkf"draft? note, bltl^f exchange or o.hcr "endoraemont. strument Is termed his “ liliisss T yC o VaSk has expressed 'in the endorsement. It Implies Instrument Is paid In case It li endorser will see matthat the the tho Instrument Is b where t°keI P Sims or bearer." no endorse i,ie totn ^qiearerbiarer. " as to "John payable passes with delivery and nny the tine it i Kd?“na”S.o'"!n to pass , Is necessary ... wer0 ,|10 or «uo upon^ It tt f holder may collect holder on- therein. In a ca-e |f the business. payee named lnst In- ' construed smc, '» nKa*• Instrument, tho law Is .... DISCOUNTS, LOANS, ETC. dorses the endorsement of. aHjif «ib Instrument It must bear the 'loaM^to short• Ume named In tho general rule of banks In making one transfer of H. Injhls «» them to pass the title and make risstsi’ersr"; ssa in many loan; and ‘^'“"'^y enibarrass him, rather than go to S, n helg him through wch, times , it* to ^\rker? whore bffiess Js . rfSSss 31 i ks»n i ts not xne^ date set for payment. This r - is beyond tlio tQWard do|nB mC which should L...... ffih^rsss? emipla jbs a sss There are several kinds of endorsement gcneraily. ‘ r gSSf’S‘liSS abolishing too u->ys S?£Tta passed laws waived In the Instru- making however, and It I “ wore w ct efTect. ® ?,°Lf davs s fully ns though it ment tho ptiyor Is c d , 1 until tho 5 .*VS fssvtipffft 'p |. enforce collection ^t ol dcr cannot gr^MSSE S»B ^rr^tl^o days' after S?^' set for payment. directors to protect and' depositors, stockholders and t II y desires. 0n ‘or condition In tho endorse™— followingir hi,iu own personal BILLS OF EXCHANGE. ptaMs som() other qualHlcatl before ''hhin c endoraemcn has a negotiable Instrument bearing a men subsequent older of It ms mo once been put Into circulation, any COLLECTIONS. 0 , r rlS h 1,10 orlK ' nnl b> "ruing Foreign the endorsement,d rae men« or.o°r ^wHll'nV^ other parly. : kinds, tho InlandI nnd bl}J^ nre nr same l n ^ bm T N «n ^2Sc°«^ words' '“"For the Stutcs of several of In a n The endorsement may Icted or qualified Cal ,l a l "'3' ‘h give a separate the r?ho busVnell’ woHd it ls simply” ° To"i or th^“^“g^er Is notified and some other certain P®y®® ® cn ‘ on' tlio He ^ ,ra " sf *r B making It payable to receives Pa>™ Book an(, on tho wlileh method of iu- endorsement, . ..i h|s by . the back or ino ^ ^ Inlandad bbill ot exenongvexchange: this, tho endorser writes on a common form of an same as Tho following Is %0 Bill of Exchanoe. . , on noMtinU his liability . c n Chicago. III., June 1. 1SJ£; na”ure*be“ow lt^Thls does d II I • rnn boyonct .l uo ">«'• s" H“‘ iZ'ToonZl osLmo ony r^P^^mv o «tcr al.ltt »ay t» WmJWL « '“luty day. account. dred Dollars, and charge samo to my To Heniit Holt & Co., bo left at tno u. Mas- Homs should always not lco lo the Boston, — — — GENERAL INFORMATION ON BANKING AND BUSINESS METHODS. Another common form of limiting the endorsement Is to onnblc party to be the payee naffied In the check or that the signature charter June ISth, 17S0, by the citizens of Philadelphia, and first the payee (when It Is made payable to his onler) to transfer Ills of the payee or party Is correct. This Is done by writing tho nctlon by Congress was taken Juno 22, of the same year. In rofer- title to the instrument without becoming responsible for Its pay- words "Signature O. K." under the party's nnme and signing it. cnco to this proposed association. Two years afterward a "por- ment. and making the party to whom It is transferred assume all This has the effect of guaranteeing that the party's name Is as petual charter” was granted to the Bank of North America at responsibility concerning payment. To do this the endorser Writes written and that it Is his proper signature. It does not guaran- Philadelphia. In 1784 the State of Massachusetts Incorporated tho the words “Without Recourse" over his signature, which has the tee that the check or draft Is good or will he paid, Inn merely as Massachusetts Bank. Tho Bank of Now York was chartered In effect of relinquishing his title without making him liable to tho expressed, that the signature Is correct and the only liability as- March, 1791, although It hud been doing business since 1784, under holder in case the payor falls to take It up. « sumed Is that he will pay the amount In case the signature proves articles of association drawn by Alexander Hamilton. Most of theso Another method of limiting the endorsement is to make It con- n forgery. Many banks, however, will not accept papers endorsed Institutions are still running and have been converted Into na- ditional. a good illustration of which Is the following: "Pay to this way and Justly so. for It throws upon them the burden of tional banks. The Bank of tho United States was organized In John Sims or order upon his delivering to the First National Bank tho rlrk. 1791. Tho most of the slock was owned by the United States Gov- a warranty deed to lot 5. block 1. etc.." below which the endorser ernment but Inter the Government Interest was disposed of. and In places his signature. He can also make it payable to "A. B. only.” RECEIPTS AND RELEASES. 1S43 tho bank failed. or In equivalent words. In which case "A. B." cannot endorse It State banks were organized rapidly, and private banking firms A NY acknowledgment that a sum of money has been paid sprang Into existence and tho business ot banking assumed Immense In fact, the endorser has the power to limit his endorsement as L\ Is a receipt. A receipt which reads "In full" though nd- proportions. he sees St, and either to lessen or Increase his liability, such as A. milled to be strong evidence Is by no means legally conclu- In 1S63. the National Bank System was adopted and In 1S6I cither “waiving notice of demand ;" making his endorsement a sive. If the parly signing It can show an error or mistake, ihe National Bank Bureau of tho Treasury Department was organ- "general and special guaranty of payment” to all future holders, It will bo admitted In his favor. Receipt.'- lor money will he held ized, the chief officer of which Is tho comptroller of tho currency. etc., but he cannot, by his endorsement, either Increase or lessen open to examination, and the party holding li must abide the re- In March, 1SG5, an net was passed providing fur a ten per cent, tax the liability of any other endorser on the instrument. sults of such examination— the great aim of the law being to ad- on notes of nny person or Stale bank Issued for circulation, and An endorser, as a rule. Is entitled to immediate notice In case minister strict justice. A receipt may be of different degrees of making nn exception of National banks. This had tho effect of tax- the payor fails to pay. This Is the case In nearly nil of the United explicitness, as the word "Paid" or "Received Payment" written on ing the Slate bunk circulation mu of existence. As the National States, as It has been a rule of the "law merchant" for many a bill. A "release" Is simply a form of receipt, but Is more bind- banking system has proven one of the most efficient and satisfactory years. A few modifications, however, of the general "law mer- ing upon the parties. Inasmuch ns. If properly drawn, under seal, methods the world has over known, It will bo of Interest to review chant" have been made by statute In several of the Stntcs, relat- for n consideration, It Is a complete defense to any action based hero some of Its principal features Under this net National banks ing to negotiable paper, in changing the endorser's liability by on tho debts or claims so released. Herein, releases differ from may be organized by any number of persons not less than five. Not rendering his contract absolute Instead of conditional, making no- receipts. A release Is in the nature of n written contract and less than one-third of the capital must be Invested In United States tice unnecessary unless ho suffers damage through want of It. or therefore cannot be controlled or contradicted by evidence, unless bonds, upon which circulating notes may be Issued equal to 90 per requiring a judgment to be first recovered before he can be held. on the ground of fraud. But If Its words are ambiguous, or may cent, of tho par value of the bonds. These circulating notes are re- In the absence, however, of statutory provisions of this kind, and have cither two or more meanings, evidence Is receivable to de- ceivable at par In tho United Slates In nil payments except for du- they exist only In a few of the States, It may be said that to hold termine the meaning. ties on imports. Interest on the public debt nnd In redemption of tho endorsers they must have prompt notice of non-payment, and it nntlonnl currency. The National banks are required to keep a cer- may be said to be a general rule of the merchant" that all "law toln reserve ; they are authorized to loon money at the rate of In- parties to entitled to notlco negotiable paper as endorsers who are INFANTS AND MINORS. terest allowed In the various states—when no rale Is fixed by the ore discharged by want of notice. The demand, notice and pro- laws of the State, (he banks may charge 7 per cent. Shareholders test HE Incapacity of a person to make a valid contract may may be made according to the laws of the place where pay- fT* nre held Individually liable, equably and ratably, for all debts of tho 1 arise front several causes, and the fact of being an Infunt, association to the extent of the amount of their stock. In addition to -L or minor. Is one of them. The general rule of law may be The term Prolett is applied to the official act by an authorized the amount Invested therein. Tho banks arc required, before tho (usually staled ns being that the contract of an Infant or minor person a Notary Public), whereby he affirms In a formal declaration of a dividend, to carry one-tenth part of their net profits or prescribed certain check Is not always void, but Is voidable, and In many cases special manner In writing that a bill, draft, of the preceding half year to a surplus fund until the same shall or other negotiable paper has been presented for acceptance or exception Is made, giving validity to their contracts for necessa- amount to 20 per cpnt. of the capital ; and losses nnd bad debts payment, as the case may be. and been refused. This, and the no- ries. By being voidable but not void In themselves, means that must be deducted from net profits before nny dividend Is declared. tice of the "Protest'' which must be sent to all endorsers and the Infant lias the right to disavow and annul the contract, cither A receiver may be appointed by the comptroller to close up under parties to the paper Is to notify them officially of its failure. before or within a reasonable time after he reaches Ills majority. his supervision the affairs of any national bank which shall fall to Ho may do this by word only, but n mere acknowledgment that keep good Its lawful money reserve or which may become Insolvent. tho debt exists Is not enough, and It must be substantially a new While there have been national bank failures, there has never been promise. GUARANTY. nny loss to Ihe people whatever on the circulation. A suit may bo brought for forfeiture of the chnrtcr of n bank If the directors shall a "GUARANTOR" is one who Is bound to another for the AGENCY. knowingly violate the law: nnd in such coses fulfillment of a promise, or of an engagement, made by a they may bo hold liable In their Individual capacity. There arc other restrictions In J. A. third party. This kind of contract Is very' common. Ac- HERE are a few well-settled and important rules of law CM the law—such ns, for instance, the prohibition against loaning to cording to the "statute of frauds" it must be In writing, governing the mntter of agents and agency, which every 1 nny one borrower of more then ten per cent, of the capital ; or the and unless it is a sealed instrument there must be a consideration .L business man should understand thoroughly. The relation holding of any real estate except such as Is required for banking to support it. As a rule It Is not negotiable, so as to be enforced of principal and agent Implies that the principal nets by Purposes, or the granting of loans upon the security of tho bank by the transferee as If It had been given to him by the guarantor, and through the agent. A principal is responsible for the acts of but this depends upon the wording, as. if It contains all the char- tho apenf only when he has actually given full authority to tho The national bank circulation has been gradually growing less acteristics of a note, payable to order or bearer. It will be held agent, or when he has by his words, or his acts, or both, caused during the past ten years, os the United States bonds available are negotiable. A contract of guaranty is construed strictly, and If the or permitted the person with whom the agent denis to believe him quoted so high above par and the rate of Interest so low that there liability of the principal be materially varied by the act of the clothed with tills authority. This Is a point which Is not always Is but little profit to the banks In It. All of tho States have laws party guaranteed, without the consent of the guarantor, the guar- thoroughly understood, but It is a well-settled principle of law. regulatlns State banks nnd providing certain restrictions, but as antor Is discharged. The guarantor Is also discharged If the liabil- There are two kinds of agents—general and special. A general the laws of Ihe various States nre not alike It Is Impossible to give ity or obligation Is renewed, or extended by law or otherwise, un- agent Is one authorized to represent his principal In all Ills busi- a general description of the matter that would apply to nil the less he In writing renews the contract. In the case of a bank ness. or In all his business of a particular kind, and Ills power Is States. The laws, however, provide for and require State banks to incorporated for twenty years, which was renewed for ten years limited by the usual scope and character of the business he Is hold a certain reserve, nnd at regular Intervals they full more without change of officers, the courts held that the original empowered to transact. If he Is given out as the general ngent, make statements as to their condition nnd tlielr affairs nre examined Into sureties could not be held after the first term. tho principal is bound, even If the agent transcends his actual au- by certain State ofilclnls at frequent Intervals. The guaranty can be enforced even though the original debt thority. but does not go beyond the natural and usual scope of The laws of all the States have reached a high degree of cannot, as is the case In becoming surety for the debt of a minor. tho business. perfection In the method of regulntlng nnd overseeing State banks, nnd tho nlmost universal A guarantor who pays the debt of the principal Is entitled to de- On tho other hand, a special agent Is one authorized to do only soundness and reliability of these Institutions reflect credit upon tho mand from the creditor all the securities he holds, or of the note a specific thing, or a few specified things, or a specified line of laws under which they exist. or bond on which declares the debt ; and. In some States, the cred- work. If this special agent exceeds his authority. It may be stated itor cannot fall back upon the guarantor until he has collected ns an almost Invariable rule that ‘the principal Is not bound, be- as much as possible from these securities and exhausted legal cause the party dealing with the agent must Inquire for himself remedies against the principal. If the debt or obligation be first and at his own peril. Into the extent and limits of the authority CLEARING HOUSE. Incurred and completed before the guaranty is given, there must given to the agent. Especially Is this the case where the party be a new consideration or the guaranty Is void. knew that the agent had been or was engaged In attending to a * fHE Clearing-House Is the place where the exchanges A guaranty Is not binding unless the guarantor has notice of particular and specified line of work connected with the business | of tho 1 the banks are made In all the principal cities of tho world. Its acceptance, but the law presumes this acceptance when the of the principal. The party, however. Is not bound by any special A The clearing-house system was first established In London offer of guaranty and acta of the party to whom It Is given, such reservations or limitations made secretly by the principal of as delivery or about the beginning of the present century. It was first In- of goods extending credit are simultaneous. But which lie had no reasonable or easy means of having notice. The troduced Into this country by the bunks of the city of an offer to guarantee a future operation does not bind the offerer authority of an agent may be given by the principal, by writing New York unless he has such notice of the acceptance as will organizing an association, under the name of the New York Clear- afford him rea- or oral, or may be Implied from certain acts. Thus. If a person sonable opportunity to himself safe. ing-House, which commenced operations Oct. 11. 1S53. At that time make A creditor may give puts his goods Into the custody of another whose business It Is to his debtor Indulgence it consisted of fifty-two banks, but five of them some or accommodation without discharging sell such goods, he authorizes the whole world to believe that this were soon closed the guarantor, unless It should have the effect of prejudicing the because of inability to meet Its requirements. Clearing Houses have person has them for sale ; and any person buying them honestly. Interests of the guarantor. since been established In nearly all of the principal In which case he would be released. In this belief, would hold them. If one. knowing that another had cities of tho Generally a guarantor may. at any continent. time, pay a debt and so. at acted as his agent, does not disavow the authority as soon as he once, have the right In all cities a bank receives large amounts to proceed against the debtor. Where there conveniently can. but lies by and permits a person to go and deal of bills nnd checks been failure on the on other banks, so that at the close of has part of the principal and the guarantor with the supposed agent, or lose an opportunity of Indemnifying each day's business every Is looked to. he must have reasonable notice bank has. In Its drawers, various sums thus due It —and notice Is deemed himself, this is an adoption and confirmation of the acts of the by other banks. reasonable If it prevents the guarantor from suffering from the It Is, In like manner. Itself the debtor of other banks, which liavo during the day received Its bills and checks A principal Is bound by the acts of an agent even nfter the drawn upon It. Prior It Is. In many cases, difficult to say—and upon it to the establishment of the clearing house it rests the ques- revocation of his agency. If such revocation lias not been made was necessary for tion of legal liability—whether each bank, every morning, to make Its the promise of one to pay for goods public or is unknown to the party dealing with the agent. An up account with every other delivered to another Is an original promise, as to bank, and fo send Its porter or agent to present pay for one's agent can generally be held personally liable If he transcends his the bills nnd checks goods. which it so re 'lived to own In case need not be In writing ; or a promise the debtor banks for payment. The authority : but this Is not the case If the party with whom he dealt balances were to pay the debt or guranty the promise of him to whom the goods knew that the authority was transcended. adjusted L-y payments In gold, which became so laborious, danger- are delivered, in which case it must be in writing. The question ous and complicated that the balances were settled only weekly in- generally resolves itself Into this: To whom did the seller give stead of dally a plan that resulted In great risk and evil. This and was authorized obviated to give credit? This is a question of fact and ORIGIN HISTORY was by the clearing-house system, through which the set- of law. If AND OF BANKING. not the books of the seller show that lie charged them tlements nre so simultaneously and quickly effected that In New to the party to whom he delivered them. It Is almost Impossible T N general, banks may be said to be credit Institutions or York the transactions In one single day have amounted to over for him to hold the other party for IL but If on the other hand it 1 dealers In credit. John Jay Knox once said that "the ex- 1300.000.000. in adjusting which the exchanges were Fettled In Ihe is shown that he regarded the goods as being sold to the party X changes of the modern world are barter, effected by the indi- spnee of nn hour. Besides caving a vast amount of work, book- w 11 “ “ e5lre 'J t0 hold, but delivered them to another party j? rect agency of the credit system, and banks and bankers keeping and expense, It enabled the banka by united nld to and It Is so shown on his books. It Is not' regarded as a guaranty, arc the machinery by which this Is done." Metallic money and Its strengthen each other In times of excitement and financial panic. but an original or collateral promise, and would moke the party representative, the circulating note, nre only the small change of The following Is the liable. In general, a guarantor of a bill or note Is not entitled to manner In which the settlements nre mado "Trade" employed In the settlement of In such strict and exact notice as an endorser is entitled to, but only balances and small purchases about all the clearing-houses of this country: The clearing-room and payments. This fact Illustrated such notice as shall save him from actual loss, as he can not make Is by the operations of the New is provided with a continuous line of desks, one for each bank that the want of notice York clearing house. The exchanges liuve been about S00.000 mil- his defense unless he can show that It was Is n member of the association, each desk bearing the name and unreasonably withheld and that he suffered lions of dollar: during the past thirty years, while the balances paid thereby. There Is a number of the bank. Each bank Is represented every morning, at marked difference In the effect of a guaranty of the "payment.” In money have only been about 3G,OUO millions, or about 4 per cent, the settlements. the hour fixed for settlement, by two clerks, one n messenger who or of the collection" of a debt. In the first case, the creditor can of amount of the brings with him the checks, drafts, etc., that his look to the guarantor at any time: In the latter, the creditor must It has always been claimed that the business of banking orig- hank has received exhaust his legal remedies for collecting 1L inated with the Venetian money changers who displayed tlielr wares during the day previous upon the other banks called the "ox- and moneys on the streets and thus supplied those In need of changes," and these are assorted for each bank and placed In en- change. According to the most eminent authorities the earliest velopes. On the outside of each envelope Is n slip on which are i banking Institution In Europe was the Bank of Venice, which was listed the amounts ot the various Items which It contnlns. ACCOMMODATION OF PAPER. founded In 1173, and was based upon a forced loan of the govern- The mes- sengers lake tlielr places in a line outsldo the menL Funds deposited It be row of desks, each op- accommodation In could transferred to others on tho A N bill or note Is one for which the acceptor books of the hank at the pleasure of the owner, but they could not posite the- desk assigned to his bank, while at each desk Is a clerk or maker has received no consideration, but has lent his be withdrawn. The perpetual annuities of the British debt are with o sheet containing the names ot all the banks In tho snmo • Jm name and credit .1 1 order A. to accommodate the drawer, payee or handled In r> . Imll.ir m inner at tin- preicnt day. The Bank of as the decks, with the aggregate amounts which his bank's holder. He is bound to all other parties Just as completely Venice wai continued until 1797. In 1401. the Bank of Barcelona messenger has against each bank. Just previous to the hour fixed If there was formed. At a period much earlier than tills, as were a good consideration, for, If this was not the case. the Jewish money- for making Ihe exchanges the manager takes his position nnd calls dealers had Invented what was known as "foreign bills of It would be of no value to the party accommodated. Is not ex- the hou i.) i.nh r. At a signal He the bell rings and each messenger . change." but It Is said that this bank was the first Institution that allowed to set up want of consideration as a defense as against any moves forward lo Ihe desk made a business of negotiating and handling them. The Bank of next to his own nnd delivers tho en- holder for value. But he Is not bound to the party ha velope containing whom thus Genoa commenced operation In 1407 and for centuries was one ot the cheeks, etc., for the bank represented at that accommodates, no matter how the Instrument may be drawn. the principal banks of Europe. It was the first to Issue circulating desk to the clerk at that desk, together with a printed list of the notes which were passed only by endorsement, not being payablo banks In the same order, with tho nmount opposite onch hank. Tho to bearer. clerk receiving It signs and returns It to the messenger, who Im- IDENTIFICATION. The Bank of Hamburg, established In 1019, W03 n bank of both mediately passes on to the next desk; then to the next, nnd so on deposit and circulation based on fine silver bars. This bank, like until he lias mnde a complete circuit nnd has again reached tho nearly all of that early time, had. as a principal object, the protec- HE mere act of Identifying a party or making him known desk of his own bank— the starling point. All the other messen- tion of the people from worn, sweated, clipped and plugged coins, or to a banker carries with It no liability on the part of the gers moving In the same manner, each coins of certain empires that were reduced In standard value. messenger has, by this party who thus performs It, unless it can be shown there Tho J. remedy generally adopted means, visited every bank nnd delivered to each everything Ills bank was fraud or collusion. Customers of banks are frequently was to lock up tho debased and depre- ciated coins and circulate the credit held for II. taking a receipt for the same; nnd nt Ihe asked to Identify and make known to their own bankers, strangers granled for them. Various same tlmo other banks sprang Into existence throughout each bank has received nil the exchanges who desire checks or drafts cashed or other accommodations. In Europe, many of them that every other bank hnd being powerful government agencies, In cases against It. This some cases a mere Introduction is all that Is necessary, but only and many exerted a operation, even In tlicw greatest clearing-houses, wide Influence In shaping the destinies of empires. because the banker relies upon the honor and Integrity of his cus- only consumes from ten to fifteen minutes. In 1094 the Bank of England was established, and there Is no tomer. knowing that an improper person would not be Introduced, This enables the banks to know nt once tho exact balance for or banking Institution In the world equal to It In the management of for In a case of this kind the bank assumes all the risk. Generally against It. as tho clerks national finances. The Bank of France was authorized In 1800. It Immediately enter from tho slips on their speaking, however. It is an almost Invariable rule with bankers, as ehoels the Is not a fiscal agent of the government as Is that of England. It own aggregate amount from each bank, and the differ- It should be, to require their customer to endorse all drafts or docs not collect or disburse the revenues of the exchequer, but ence between the total amount brought by them, which at onco checks which are honored for the stranger. In this case the en- It lends to It largely, while Its credits. In the form of circulating notes shows the balance due to or from tho clearing house to each bank. dorser becomes personally liable to the bank If any or all of tho and other acceptances, have borne tho government safely through This Is reported to their banks, nnd tho balance Is paid drafts or checks prove worthless. extraordinary needs. to or drawn from the clearing house, thus ut onco settling the accounts An endorsement which Is frequently made by parties who are It Is claimed that the first organized bank In the United States between ull the banks. The lists are "proved" carefully and certain asked to Identify others is to merely Indicate that they know the had Its In origin the formation of a banking company without fines nre laid for all errors, tardiness, etc. COPYBIGHT 1B10 or CEO. A. OGLE & CO SUPPLEMENT X. CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT OF ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY Copyright, 1912, by Geo. A. Ogle & Co. the principal events of the history of the world free from unnecessary details. The chief aim of this Chronological History is to give in a comprehensive and attractive form History. The latter is given-First. From the beginning of the Six- For convenience this history is arranged under-I. Ancient History. II. Medieval History. III. Modern countries. teenth Century to American Revolution. Second. From the birth of the United States to the present time by n. c. 109 Second Invasion of Sicily hy the Carth- **608 NebUChldniz- lio^Battlc of Salami*—victory ol Thcmlsto- 075 Death of Solomon. Capture of Jerusalem by aginians. Ancient History elcs. Beiolt of the Teii Trilies. Volsclans defeat the Romans. Xorxc* destroys Athens. 407 The Division Into kingdom* of Israel and Second captivity. Rhode* founded. over the remnant First Invasion of Sicily by Carthage. B. C. 507 Zcdeklah nnido King 400 Rattle of Arginine. Defeat of the Carthaginian* by Colon at 1001 n!bl[r,il account of the creation. The kingdom of Israel established under Condemnation of Ihe ten generals. and Syria con- Hlmcra. 3800 Sargun I. King of Babylon. JtTOlioiim. 500 Persians invade Syria, of reigns 400). Dionysius tyrant Syracuse ; of Persia for three Birth of Euripides (died B. C. 3200 •Tin? flnit Egyptian dynasty under Mine.. Svria recovers independence. tinue* n subject thirty-eight ye-ar*. 179 150 Anaxagoras (b. 500, d. 428) tcaichM 2800 Snefru, 3d Egypt Ion dynasty. 071 Sldihak, King ol Egypt, captures and centuries. — 405 The »bgv of Veil. Rome. of Sedon at Athens published. philosophy at Athens. Egyptian inscription* bigin. iil.nder* Jerusalem. 591 Code Battle of Egospolami. Dionysius f. wise of Greece flourish. 470 Occupation of Athens by Mnrdonlu*. Phcnlcla raid to have been peopled by l>57 Ahljali, King of Judah, defeats the King 690 The seven men reigns In Syracuse. Solon. Perlander, Plttaeus, Clillon, Persian* deflated at Platea and Mycalc the "son* of Anak.” of Israel. 404 Albeits taken hy Lysandcr. End of the Clcohulus Bias, and retreat from Greece. 2730 Tyre and Sldon Oiundi-rl. 05(1 The decline of Thebes, Egypt. Thales, and L'elo|ionncsian Wor. IV Lydia. Sllge of S' -to*. 2700 The 1th Egyptian dynasty begin*. A-sur-dnyan II.. King of Assyria. a r between Media and Government of Ihe Thirty Tyrant* it celc- 477 Beginning of the supremacy of Athens. The Pyramid Tombs erected. 0111 navigation laws. OSS Tho I’ythiun garni* Ixgin to bo lthmllans fouml with the Sixth dynasts' predicted The Fobli perish in battle 2530 Merl.i tepi I., Egyptian •mil l.r.'il li unlleteil wi ll famine Spartan supremacy. JcniEalein, rebelled against Baby- 2158 Chaldea raid to lrnvo been coni|uer.d by by the Prophet Elijah. having Death of Alclhlndr*. Nebuchadnezzar. 475 478 llci to I —at Syracuse. Media or Armenians. Oul Syria make's war upon Israel and Is dc- lon, Is besieged by — 403 Thraiybulus restores democratic govern- invade* Phcnlcla. 474 Esther and Mordical. 2148 The deluge. 687 Nebuchadnezzar ment at Athens. image set up. 171 Banishment of ThcinUtoeles. 2300 Tlic Elainllle Conquest. 900 Erie. Ion of the northwest palace of Nim- Golden 402 Birth of Phoclon (died 317). Shadrach. Mwhach ond Ahcdnego 171 Birth of Thiicydldi* (died after B. C. 103). | The lllttltes In Cappadocia. rod. 401 Expedition of Cynia tin younger who thrown into a furnace. First Pubillian Laws. S07 Elijah translated to heaven. relni* ; at the battle -»f Omasa he I* Obadiah. Election of plebeian magistrate* given to 2280 Thebes. Egypt, founded. 890 Jihodupliat defeats the Ammonites. Prophecies of defeated ond slain and tin- "Retreat of destroyed by Ne- the Comitia Tributa—Borne. 2231 Alleged lightning of Chaldean aslrniiom* Death of Ahah, King of Israel. 6S0 Jerusalem taken and ten thousand" Greek* under Xenophon 170 Victory of Clmoa over the Persians at lenl oliscrvations sent by Calliilliem-s $03 Mira. Us of Elliha the Prophet. buchadnezzar. the Kurymcdon. to Aristotle; tho earliest c.xtaiit Is of $92 berimed by the Syrians. End of the Kingdom of Judah. Samaria ' Athens Antium (Itoine) taken. 401 —3S4 Ctcaiafl flourished. 681 I.icedemon settled. 585 Death of Perlander, tyrant of Suicide of Applu* Claudius. ino Malacbl. 2200 The Ilia dynasty In China founded. Legislation ot Lycurgus at Sparta. forty years. la-gin. take |>art In the pub- 31*9 Be-atii of Socrates. writing probably In use. or Assyria. Treaty between Media ond Lydia. 109 Perleli* to Cuneiform Assur-natsir-pal King •.( ilirn 1 ico - Kill i u Rome. lic alfair* of Athens. and 1 Den 2180 Nineveh built. 880 The Assyrian* again Invade Babylonia. 6S0 Copper muney coined at 1GS Birth of Socrates. 390 First Campaign of Agesllaui In Vila. Pint Persian dynasty founded. founded by Dido flic Tyrian. 679 Nehuehudnezzjr takes Tyre. 2100 87S Carthage Arglvcs. C’jinlllos captures Egyptian of Serviu* Tullius, Rome. Destruction of Mvernc hy the The Roman dictator 2130 Amcnem-hat 1. founds 12th $75 Sardunnpalus I. of Assyria. 578 Accession Diogenes of Appolonio flourldie*. $70 The Assyrians conquer Phcnlcla. 575 Civil war in Egypt. Egypt- 100 Flight of Thcmlstoclc* to Persia. 305 Gn-xlan coalition against Sparta; Lysan- 2120 Pyramids built north of Memphis. S00 Assyrian conquest, under Shalmaneser. 570 Amaiis reigns In 2100 Tiie Obelisk of On erected. Ilaiael attacks Israel. 600 Egypt conquered by Nebuchadnezzar. Baltics at the Eurymcdon. 394 Perdan* a-clst the Athrnlins and defeat 2093 Rolgn of Urlch of Chaldea. 810 Lvcnrgiis flourishe*. Plienlclans oiiling Persia arc defeated the Spartan* at the naval battle ot Uro 2012 Uranus arTlvcs In Greece. Olympic games revived in Elis, Greece. inhabitants. the Grei'lts under Clmon. 2008 Sleyon, Greece founded. conquer* Tarsus. 562 Death of Nebuchadnezzar. by 831 Assyria The Corinthian War begins. 1090 Birth of Abraham." $20 Babylon becomes subject to Assyria. Nabonidos King of Babylon. 105 Xerxes I. assassinated. Abraham. most powerful nation 500 Plslstrotui become* tyrant of Athens. Ileign of ArloxiTie* I. In Tenia. 1921 Call of 800 The Egyptians the 303 The Long Walls of Athens restored by 1920 Abraham arrives In Syria. Confucius ond Zoroaster. Revolt of ThawM. bom. established. 401 Revolt of the Helot* at Sparta. 1800 Isaac Eollnn colonies stunned lie llamlltu*. begins to he known. 302 Veil >< :i t h of Abraham. colonies established. 659 Anacreon Third Jlcucnlan War. 18S2 1 704 Ionian 391 Camlllus IrnneoilKd unit exiled. 1850 Kingdom of Argus founded. 770 Commencement ot the Olympiads. Persian Empire founded by Cyrus._ Sparta deflat* Messenln. (died B. C. 1071. 399 Battle of Allin. 1850 Iteign of Isml-dagon, who conquers As- First authentic date in Greek history. 550 Birth ot Simonides 100 Egypt revolts against Persia. Cresus The Romans defeoted hv Brennus and syria. In Campania. 551 Conquest of Lydia and capture of (The revolt Is suppressed In 155.) 700 The Etruscans the Gauls. Koine burnt. F.tau. Cyrus. Democritus ami HippocralM Birth of Jacob ond founded Romulus. by Birth of 1 1837 753 Rome by Sllge ot the Capitol. M.rnnon invents the Egyptian olpbabet. establishes decennial Instead ot 619 Death of l’hahirls, tyrant of Agngentum. (both died in B. C. 337). 1822 752 Athens 3S9 Victory of Dionysius at ndora*. 1800 llykos In Egypt. perpetual Archons. 540 Fall of Lydian Empire. The Athenian In Egypt. sold into Egypt. abduction of the 613 Cyrus annexe* Asia Minor fa Persia. Gorgias nourish'd. 1720 Joseph 750 Sabine war follows the 150 The Caul* expelled from Rome and city 1710 Arcadians emigrate to Italy and found a 610—510 Era of Pythagoras. 153 Coinmialon of Ezra lo rebuild Jerusalem. Phcni- .’178). independent. 630 (circa) Marseilles founded by Birth of I-yslas the orator (died Ethiopia 3S7 Pence of Anlalcidas, Perrin. Jacob and his family settle in Egypt. independent of Nineveh. Cincinnati!* made dictator at Rome: 1700 717 Babylon Crxck clth* In Asia subjected fo Persia. conquers Asia arid Ethiopia. and Sabine*. Daniel interprets handwriting on the Defeats the Eipll. 1018 Scsostrl* League between Romans 638 End of the Corinthian War. the chronology of the Amn- of Tlglath Pileerr wall. 157 Battle of Tanogra. 1582 Beginning of 715 Pul assume* the name Capitollnc gam.* istahllshnl In Rome. which were brought Empire. conquers Babylon, Walls of Athens roinnlrteil. delian marbles, and founds the 2nd Assyrian Cyrus 150 The Long Persian* under Evagoras. is slain. ten 3SS Defeat of the » to England. In A. D. 1027. Assyria invades Palestine. llebluzzar. King of Babylon, 161 The first Dcccmvirato or council of Jews. 384 Kirill ot Aristotle. bom. Mo-eiilan war*. 630 Cvnis ends the captivity of the 1571 Mows . 713 Manlius hurled from Taraclon rock for Egypt destroyed. Return Of the lint caravan to Jerusalem of tile Twelve Tables or code of Male Infants In Sparta victorious. law* having aimed at sovereignty. Athens founded. of Israel, besieges Jeru- under Zcrubbabcl and Joshua. law* Instituted. 1650 711 Pelah, King II, Ilf. ,if Ijxlniuu. Sparta formed. Cyrus also subdues Phcnlcla. Creeks defeat tho Persians at Sala- 1510 Kingdom of 110 The Olynlhlan war begins, and end* 3i9. from Egypt. the Temple commoneel. Tlie 1530 Expulsion of the llykos 710 Tlglath Pllcser destroys Syria. 535 Rebuilding of mus in Cyprus. Cadmra at Thebes hy dynasty. exhibits tragedy. to save her 3S2 Seizure of the Anhmos I. founds 18th Egyptian Israel forms on alliance with Syria Thespis first Vlrginiu* kills his daughter PlKallhns. I conquest of Babylon. assassinated by Tulla, his dough- Applus Claudius. 1500 The Kossean 631 Servius from Demosthenes (died 322). 1 dv- abolished. Birth of Itnmeses I. founds 19th Egyptian Svrfa become* subject to Assyria. First Drcenivlralc Superbus, be- 350 Death of Aristophanes. Israel. ncr husband. Tarquiniua Applus Claudius. Rome. 730 Shalmaneser subdue* Height of Spartan power. subdue Chaldea and establish abolishes idolatry in Judah. comes King of Rome. IIS Valerian and lloratlan Ijiws. Arabian's 720 Hcwkinh 3 79 Recovery of the Cadmi-a by P.loplila*. Phcnlcla. Polycralcs. tyrant of Samos (put to death of Ihe second Di-ccnivirole. 723 Shalmaneser IV. Invade* 532 Tyranny allied with Thebes. Phcnlcla. Rome. 376 The Athenians Reign of Agenor. 1st king of Assyrlons Invest Samaria and carry the Srcenlon of the Plelis from patrician* and 1107 721 assas- 370 Roman civil war between founds Thebes. Into captivity. 531 Reign if Darius I. begins after Abdication of the Decemvir*. 1193 Cadmus Trllu* 1 * Ten plebeians. . brass. Israel destroyed. sination of Smcrdis, the Mugian. Second Sacred "’nr In Green-. , ,, Discovery of ' The Kingdom of Law passed that one consul ihall ho a the alphabet into Greece. the Illltitc*. Death of Cyrus. of Coronet!, defeat Of Alhrns. Introduction ot 717 Assyrians totally defeat 529 417 Baltic plebeian. passover instituted. of Romulus. Accession of Cambyses. Syracuse subdues Agrigtntum and d..- 1101 The 710 Assassination 110 of Lciictra. Greece. pt. Cambyses. ‘ 375 Battle Departure of the Israelites front Eg) Xunia Pompillus, King of Rome. 525 Conquest of Egypt by feats the Etruscans. Sparta. 715 l iO). and 372 Peace between Athens and law given from Mount Sinai. the Assyrian. invodes Birth of Esehyhis (died B. C. 113 Thirty years’ truce between Athens The 713 Sennacherib, 371 Victory of Epamlnondas over tho Srar- established in the wilderness. The temple of Isis, Egypt, completed. Sparta concluded. 1190 Tabernacle tans at Leuctra. ond Aaron. Judah. Smcrdis usurps the P' rsun throne, de- of the Athenian Empire. 1151 Death of Moses 710 Sennacherib invade* Decline Foundation of Megapolls. the Israelites Into Canaan. destroyed In one night feated by Darius, 522. Revolt of Ellina and Mrgara. Joshua leads 185.000 Assyrians 370 Jason of I’here usea**lnaleil. Joshua divides Canaan. Cambyses. Canuleian Lows, Rnme. Tlu-»*aly. 1115 , , , 622 Death of Alexander of Phere in Hebrews subject to six periods of conquer* Babylon. Chcrson- Nehemiah guveraor ot Judea. to 11 13to 1130 pno San-on of Assyria Greeks colonize the Thracian 307 Embassy of PelopidtM, tlio Greek Athenian Colony to Thuril. bondage. C.9S Mannsseb, King of Judah. 111 , , , , at Athens. Judge in Israel. Jmlah. l’cr.lcle* become* supreme remains 1102 OUtnlcl, first Gross idolatry In Lestos founded. ArJrtolle goes t" Alhen*. and Babylon marries the daughter Lydian dynasty. (llyitaspu) King Birth of Xenophon about this time (died 1100 King of 090 Gvge* founds the 3rd 521—1S5 Iteign of Darius 1. with Plato twenty years. Arayrian King. between 12 Kings. 350). of the r,S0 Egypt divided of Persia. Liclnlan law* passed at Rome second Judge ot Israel. Mcsscnian Mar, under Arts- brought from Cume. Commission of Xchomiah. riesl. 1301 Ehud, 083—009 Second 620 Sibylline books SCO Joshua slain hv the High I rc-bullding the walls of Jerusalem rebuilt. 1381 Corinth built. tomene*. D.ereo of Darius for The Rlrth of Zeno, the Stole (ill"t -01). established. ( Kurlgubui King of Bohylon. at Athens made annual, Jerusalem. Roman Consular Trihimes and eurato 1380 0S1 Archonsliip Temple nt built Institution of pretorshlp of Moab. Assyria. 139). 443 32s The I’arlhcnon at Athens hy 1355 Eglon, King oal Esar-liaddon King of 518 Birth of Pindar (died B. C. •xllhwhip nt Home. with her neighbor*. second capital. dedicated. 1350 Israel wars Babylon hecomcs the 515 The Temple rebuilt and Firvt Plebeian consul elected. monasteries Instituted. annual archon of Herodotus floeri hrs in Greece. 1320 Kleuilnlan 0S3 Croon become* first 611 Insurrection In Athens. 113 Great Plague at Rome. the Egyptian nt Rome—censors and 305 1321 King Thothmosis changes Alliens. Hipparchus slain, 112 Niw constilutlnn Oirtlus. , Lgrnd of M. Assyrians. military tribunes ap|«>lnted Instead ol ' calendar. 078 Samaria colonized hv llippias mil* in Athens. 302—310 Rome wars with the Gaub. Etrus- Obelisks erected. Egypt. consuls. '1320 Egyptian Assyria conquers destroys Svhari-. , Hcmlcnn*. 078 ™‘ 510 Croton ...famine. cans and Moabltcss marries Boas. on '' from Home. visited by n terrible Buth the 071 Psammctlcui reigns in k«n* Expulsion of tho Tarquins 110 Rome Dottle of Mantlnea (circa). of Myaccna errand. with the Greeks. Republic. The Samian war. Epamlnondas. 1313 Kingdom rouragi* Intercourse Foundation of the 416—130 . , death of Mein- Samos hy Pericles. Victory and Lcthns builds temple of \ulcan ot and battle* of tho Horatli and Torqulmus Collatinus Siege and rvduetlon of the Temple at 1308 070 Alban Invasion Junius Ilrutus Rome. 300 Tito Samaritans build D, .1 h of Spurlus Melius— and Curlntil. consuls. . Gerlidni- In Israel. Athens. Cornelius fusms and Lira Tolumnlus. 1200 Bonk ond Deborah Rise of Mogarin. Grecee. The Pislstrldc expelled from 137 Klngdom of Ponlue foundeil. South Greece. Assur-banl-pal. King of S'lond spolla Oplma. Rome. Greece. 1280 Pelops settles In gr,7 025 Reign of Athens a republic. 368 Beginning of Hie Social War In Assyrian Empire. Carthage and Birth ot Isoeratc* (died _3SS). l°;:i Kite of the 509 Commercial treaty between 130 Sligc of Chios and Byzantium. the Awyrlms Corcyra. war against the Etras- Babylon conquered by light between Corinth and 431 ltomo declares taken hv Philip If. 1250 ot 003 Sea' Rome. „ . r. , Amphtpoll* greatest of the Judges Alhaus and Rome and ar- ileht. 1210 Gideon, tho Tullius Hostlillus defeats the 508 First treaty between 36T 352—317 Roman laws nt dutrovs Alba Longa. thage. 133 Treaty between Athens anil Corcyra. Phoiiun (or Siert.1) War twglns. reigns In Egypt. Assyrians, Sl'ilv. 1210 Baiima-Swostri* 002 Thlhc* deal roved by First Valerian lows. Mrtnfi, astronomer, flourished. l-vi.Mlitlon "1 PI"" to Israel. Darius. between •;''<>« «k>V- Ahlmeloch King of Italv founded. Expedition of War liegins ' T. PI" 1209 ooo Mi—any, The Scythian 131 Peloponnesian •.511 S" ""l " and dedi- Sparta "1 D'iplll. In Egypt. completed confedera'y with • the T. nil'll 1200 Proelus 607 Capitol’ ot Rome Athens and 0 ,, I.-. 'I off by Porl9. Megarlans under twenty-seven 1108 Helen carried 030 Bywnttiim rounded by cated. nt the head. lasting Rlrth ol Alcsander the Great begins. Greek*, defeat of bphesu*. burned. 1103 Trojan war 501 Sardis burned by the years anil ending In tlic T. tuple of Diana, at from Greece. Aristagoras. Si r Borchinih'c expelled of Naxos by I- Ilf I'f *" . 065 ool Siege Pi. 'II nut "> ", firtopo." founded, Dictator of Rome. (tak- Plebeian Die- iiss tgpta 050 Median Monarchy Tito* Lartlus made pull, lea iii-*legcd by the Athenians Calm Morclus Ratllu* first ot Assyria. Asia Minor. n i Kgvnt Independent Ionian revolt in en In 129). of Israel. Media, founded h> the Ionlans and 1171 Ell. High Priest 012 Knlonlte dynasty. Burning of Sardis by Death of I’erlclcs. Amorllrs. 500 1101 Israel want ogalnst Cyaxxarc*. Athenians. Rise of Cleon. •» - Longo founded. of Ml. Algldus the Equi ond 1152 Alba invades Oil Cyrcnc founded. revolt of the Ionian* (Greece). Battle ; acknowledged h> Athens. of Babylon Invades , Rome.„ mo The Byzantium 1150 Nebuchadnezzar tun Incus Marlins reigns In Cyprus. Vobtci defeated. tho Persian. 040 .ubjugate 1US Persia recover* 151 Revolt Ilf Artolinzu*. Syria. . of Scythian* who invasion Battle of Lake Hcgillus. 130 The plague ot Athens. over I"™' '- 197 1113 Jcptlloh Judge and his Latin oll.e* defeated b> born (died 317). Philistine*. Tarquin 129 Plato w# tho founded. ssxn8s-"!rt- 1130 Samson defeats Ostia. Italy, . . . g Persian mon- Uahiloda. doslan, Siege of Platea. piunlela revolt* trem the Tlglntli Plloscr 1. Invades reformation undeT history. 1130 in Religious First "'authentic dale in Roman Naval victories of Phormlo. Judge and first prophet Judah. coast 1123 Samuel, Kirg ol the Persian, suit to tho fall of Mylilcnc. * censor, tho scitmans. 490 lliitlcus, 126 Revolt and Marctui Rutllu* flrrt Plebeian Israel. port lnvadon of Asivria by Mytllcno. 351 C. under Nnbopolos- 127 Reduction of Death of Samson. . ... Babylon independent » e- .»« expedition to Sicily m2 but Is soon 025 wS-Swo-i" loi* First Athenian and destroy Sldon. Tlglath Pllcser seize* Babylon m aided by Athens, exhibited. Sldmdan* revolt H10 the Ionlans, comedy of Aristophanes ' • Revolt of First 'U p' •' ' ’ overcome. taken by the Modes. 3 -n Till- H"'U 1 Nlnewel, suppressed. Corcyrcan massacre. Philip ; ends. . oiynth... taken hy Algerian Empire Rome appointed. Etolln. sis cw» 101 Tribune* at 4211 Demosthenes in lictwccn l irtlioge and Rome. - Perlander at Corinlll. ... Fidene. Treaty 88 8W Destruction in I’luni* to Philip. 0 r(*-ognl-''l. 310 Surrender of ’ of the Latin* Xerxes 11. followed ry lx>g* Israel. °21 Jerusalem. 193 Independence 423 iteign ot Saul'"made first King of ,{JJ 7raipt" a" Mortlus (Corl- ^005 Corioli taken hv Caiut Ampb)i.tlont« defeats the Philistine*. I'lu Saul . League. 1093 • olanu*). The Latin Sphsctcrla taken. Birth of David. tss. under Mar- Persia. Council. 1081 19» First Persian expedition, 121 Darius II- reigns In |irophct. and Dionysius rrcover* the tyranny. Jerrinlah donius against Gr.xXe, i* ile'-oted Congress of Sicilians at Ocla. Jonathan, and oeees- 313 First' Sattmllii uwr begin*. 1050 Drath of Sand 023 Passover. destroyed near alt. Ainos. begins to act In Athenian ol- fleet 123 Alrihtudes Battle of Ml. Gauraa. aiftn of David. ^ ^ tianlehcd from Rome. lie begin* to reign In 191 CorlOlinti* Conquest of Syracuse hy Tlmoleon. Tarquhdus^’rlscus by the Vo -elans. (Rome) capture Valter- 010 received The Samanltcs of Dionysius. IS! wSl- expedition, under Dotis Expulslou MSB »""°r of 490 Second Persian oilier* to '« TheTopItol. Rome b*f™ End .,- v of Demosthene* and 015u Minerva. and Artaphcrncs. Capua taken by the Samanlte*. * Juno ond 123 Philip. , limiterf cireumnavi- and victory of Mlltiadcs at Diogenes the Cynic, (died 3_1). Plmraoh Neelio II. Egypt, Their defeat, 110 Birth of 342 Roman Ccnuclan law*. », the bottle ot Moratlion. Baltic of Mnntinea. — gates Africa. 118 Mutiny at Lantule. Homo. fess, vms tiesl.-ge Home Athens. ffl Coriolonus the Volsciaiu Spartans defeated by 460 and 812—341 Philip of Macodun'* expedition to Bottle ot Mcgiddo. from siege "t Malaehl. prophericfc rcmovcsl to Jerusalem. 610 4SS Corlolanus withdraws 415 The Hebrew, The Ark of Josloh. 1* Athenlons un- subdues the Syrians, Death canal„„.i Rome ot his mother’* entreaty and Invasion "f Sicily by the David, of Israel, Egypt, nttempta to cut “ Rirlh of Epicurus (died 270). of Absalom. Nccho 11. slain by the VoUclans. der Niciat. hy 1023 The revolt and death Isthmus of Suez. Failure 810 Perlnthu* and ByzanUum brelcgrd across the Siege ot SiTaeuse. Death of David. 100,000 men. 4SG Egyptian revolt. 414 Philip. 1016 loss of , to Gellp , alter n „ proposed., Defeat and rurrendcr of Mela* Cartha-„ Solomon become* King. First Agrarian taw of Cassius 413 Victory of Tlmoleon over tho Circus Maximus, Rome. b n 005 Tho of Xerxes I., King of Persia. Crimlsus. T Solomon.. Egypt defeated by Nebu- 483 Accession between Sparta ond Persia. ginians ot the d Uon of Neeho II. of of Syracuse. 412 Firat' treaty nome. \°o'o\ X Gelon tyrant Hundred at Battle of Mt. Vrravlu*. «n ^ ar of the Four Egypt by the Persians. Constitution laws. Solomon of tho seventy 485 Recovery of 830 Second noman Publllan Sheba visits King Jercml'aIi? propheey after B. C. 109). between Philip 030 The^Quccn of Rlrth of Herodotus (died the Perst- Third Sacred War begin* years’ captivity. by the Intrigues" of Aldblodc* with Banishment of Aristides the Just the Athenians. . Jerusalem. 183 and . Nebuchadnezzar take* Amphyctlonlo, Athenians. Syraeuse and 338 Philip general of the Jeholakim. his vassal. Beginning of the war* of 4S1 Athenian fleet built. 410 seventy League. 603 Daniel prophesies at Rabylon. by Carthage. They continue Robylon. Third and greatest Invasion of Greece Battle of Chcrones. 002 Jeholakim revolts from sewers) o the Persians, led hy Xerxes. Philip *ubjug*tca Greece. The Cloaee Maxlmc (great plebeian questor* ot Rome elected. 000 ISO Battle of Tbcrmopylc—fall of Leonidas 409 Three Rome are built. 1 — — SUPPLEMENT XI. ANCIENT. MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY. a c. b. a B. C. A. D. tut Birth of Herodcs Atlicus, antiquarian 337 Pint Ramin Plebeian pretor. 24u The plays of Llvius Andronlcus exhib- 143 nil 111 of Antonius, Roman orator (die.) 4 4 Corinth and Carthage rebuilt. (died ISO). 337—SSJ The Latin War begins after two ited (the Ant tragcslics) at Rome. 70). 43 Cleopatra poisons her brother Ptolemy and reigns alone. 114— 117 Trajan’s expedition to tho East. rears the Romans arc victorious. 23S Date of the decree of Canopus ; tablet 142 Scipio Afrlcunu* (Minor) Roman Censor. MS Murder of Philip. ot San. 140 Birth of Crassus, Roman orator (died Battle of Mutina. He abandons tho conquests of Trajan. Accession of Alexander III. the Gmt 237 Conquest ot Spain attempted by the Car- 91). Second Triumvirate—C. Octavius, M. An- Euphrates made the bound- Acre-won of Darius Codomamu. Simon niado hereditary prince of the tony, M. Lcpidus. Tho eastern ary ot the empire. MS Alexander destroys Thebe!; L chosen Seiiure ol Sardinia and Corsica by the Cicero put to death. generalissimo of the Greeks; Athens Romans. Death ot Vlrlathu*—Rome. nirth of Ovid (died A. D. IS). 120 Hadrian visits Gaul and Britain page), having submitted. 235 The gates of the Temple of Janus at Macedon fomiully absorbed by Tloiiie. End of the Haul. la. Statues «f Antonou* (Hadrian's nirth Of Ircncus, Bishop ot Lyons died Ml Battle of the Gninicus. Rome abut for the lint timo since 138 Birth of L. Cornelius Sulla (died 78). 42 nattlc of Philippi. ; Macedonian Empire formed. Numa. No war existing at the time. 130 llycanus Governor ot Juda. 42 Defeat and death of Brutus and Cassini. Alexander invades Persia. 234 Birth of M. Porcius Cato—died 149. 134—132 Senile War in Sicily. The Triumviri musters of the Homan lllrth of Lucian r ditd 200. 121 Hadrian’s wall* belli— Newcastle to Car- M3 Battle of Isms. 233 Antigonus Doson in Macedon. Sicilian slave* rebel, »re conquered and world. ll-le—Rhine Danube Damascus taken and Tyro besieged by 229 Athena joins the Achean League. •lain. 41 Meeting of Antony and Cleopatra at Tar- to the Alexander. 227 Clromcnic War with Achran League bc- 133 Lawn of Tiberla3 Gracchus passed ot lllrth of Marcus Aurcllti*; died ISO. First apology for the Christians present- Ml Capture of Tyre and conquest of Egypt 40 Herod the Great nude king of the Jews. 125 Quadratic and Aril- by Alexander. 226 Reforms of Cleomenes at Sparta. Gracchus murdered. ed at Athens hy Alexandria. Egypt, founded on the 225 Invasion of Cisalpine Gaul and battle of Kingdom o( I'ergamus bequeathed to 37 Jeniwicm taken by lierod and the Egyptian village Rhicotis. Cluaium. Rome victorious. Homans. 130 lllrth of Appulclus. Treaty between Alexander and Rome. 222 Ptolemy IV. reigns in Egypt. 130 Demetrius NIcator, Syria, restored. Agrippa crosses the nhine. lllrth of Galen; died 2110. robuilu* Alexander visits Jerusalem and worships Defeats AMlocbus III. of Syria at Ra- 129 Hycranui subdues Idumea and Samaria 36 Sextus Pompciui driven from Sicily (put Hadrian Jerusalem. at the Temple. phia. and destroy* Temple at Gcrizlin. to death 35). 132 S.cun.l Jewish Wur. Ml Pbenieii subdued by Alexander. Gallia Cisalplna becomes a Roman Pror- 125 Rise of the Kssenes. Lcpidus deprived of power. Barohochebi*. leader of th» Jeivi. Battle o( Arbvla. Fluvluj Flaccuj and L. Drusus popular Defeat of Anton)’ In Parthla. Eilictuin p riietnum of lludrlan. Subjugation ot Persia. 221 Battle of Scllaaia. 34 Anton)* invada Armenia. 135 Dispersion of tho Jew*. Settlement of the Jews at Alexandria. Aratus and Antigonus take Sparta. L. Caclius Antipater, Roman Jurist, flour- 32 War between Octariua and Anton)-. LIS Antoni! s Pius, cinpt-ror. peace. MO Darius III. alasMina ted. Philip V. of Macedon. idled. 31 Battle of Actiuin. The empire at Demosthenes' oration for the crown. Alliance between Philip and Acheans 123 Scipio takes ond destroy* Numantia. Establishment ol the Homan Empire. Faustina I. flourhhes. Persia become* a part of the Macedonian against Etolians. Roman Colony sent to Carthage. 30 Battle of Actium. Octavius successful. Wall of Antoninus (Graham's Dyke) 220 Hssdrulial assassinated in Spain. 121 Civil war In Rome arising from Agrarian Suicide of Anton)’ and Cleopatra. best Attic Literature at 130 ( . rats or Lolllus Urhlcus In Britain. Sir—325 campaign* of Alexander in India. 219 Antlochus overruns Palestine. trouhlvs—Cains Gracchus Is murdered. Criticism of the i Voyage of Nearchu* from the Indus to Siege of Saguntum by liannihal. Mclulllut leader of Roman Senate. Home. 140 Vallum Antonio In Britain. the Euphrates. Second Illyrian war. 120 Parthian* subdue Bactrla. 29 The Gates of Janus shut. 145—175 Ful.lana 11. flourishes. MS Roman servitude for debt abolished. 215 Second Punic War begins. 117 Ptolemy VIII. reigns Jointly with his 27 Cesar Octavius is made Emperor under 117 Fcvclopnunt of Roman civil lawv Sit Exile of Demosthenes. Hannibal marches from Spain across the mother, Cleopatra. the title ot Augustus Cesar. 150 Establishment of schools in llou-an prov- 313 Death of Alexander at Babylon. Pyrenees and the Alps into Italy. 116 Birth of Vorro (died 25). Pantheon dedicated by Agrippa. Alexander succeeded by Pcrdiccas as Battle* of the Tieiniua and the Trchla, 113 The Toutones and Cimlira invade Caul. 25 Tlridates seeks noman court. 101 Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Vcrua Joint and defat of Scipio. Ill —106 The Jugurthlnc Mar peace conclud- 24 Defeat of Roman* In Arabia. IIII Antipater in Macedonia. 217 Hannibal passes the Apennines. ed. 23 Death of Mareellus. 101—100 Prat7lcnee ond famine at Rome. Lysuruchus in Thrace. Battle of Lake Traximcne. Flaminlus War renewed two years later. 21 Augustus Cesar founds Confederacy of 102 Rome wars with Parthla. Caaaandcr in Greece. 1 defeated. Mctcllus and Marius defeat Jugurtha and Haconian cities. 163 Persecution of Clirlstlun*. Antigonua in Syria. 217 The two Seiplos sent to Spain. subject Nutnfdis. 20 Roman standard* restored by Parthla. 100 Polyrarp sutlers martyrdom. Eumcnes in Cappadocia. 216 Battle ot Canoe. Romans defeated with 109—101 War of Rome with the Cimbrl and India embassy to Rome. 107—186 Mar with the Marcomanni. Quodl, Selrucua at Babylon. Tcutoncs. IS Death ot Dionvsus of Hullrarnassu*. Second Samnite War. lasts twaity-one Revolt of Capua. 109 Hyrcanus destroys the Samaritan temple 17—7 Temple at Jerusalem rebuilt hy Herod. Greek philosophers patronized by Rome. Alliance of Hannibal with Philip 1. of on Mount Gcririm. Agrippa Invada Asia. 100 Death of L. Venue An’tipater, a Macedonian general, defeats Macedon. Atricus born (died B. C. 32). Cappadocia created a province of Rome. Marcus Aurelius sole emperor. Athens and allies. 211—212 Siege and capture of Syracuse by 106 Birth of I’ompey and of Cicero. 175 Rome quells rebellion In Syria. S22 Ptolemy I.. summed Sotcr, receives the Marccliua. 102 Victoiy of Marius over the Tcutonra ot 177 Christians In Caul persecuted. Egyptian Kingdom. 214 First Commercial War. Aquc Sexte (Alx). 15 Victories of Drums over the Hhctl. Advance of the Goths. Pbenicia annexed to Egypt by Ptolemy Byzantium and Rhodes. Second Senile war breaks out in Sicily. 12 Invasion of Germany by Drusus. Soter I. 212 Battle of Anitorgis. 101 Victory of Marius over the Cimbrl at 11 —9 Campaigns of Tiberias In Pnnnonia ISO Commodus emperor of Rome. 311 First war among the "successors of Creek works of art brought to Rome. Vcrccllc and end of the war. ond Dalmatia. Statue of Aurelius erected. 211 Greece concludes treaty with the Romans Battle of Campus Raudlus. 0 Death of Drusus. Pcrennls prefect of Prctorlans. Battle of the Caudinr Forks. against Philip V. of Macedon, 100 Birth jot Julius Cesar. 5 Tiberius defeats the Germans 153 Successes ot Ulphu Mareellus In Britain. Romans terribly defeated by Pontius and Defat and death of the two Scipios In C. Marius bom 157 (died SO). Sixth Ro- Diodorus Siculus, historian, flourished. 1st Commodus takes the name of Urlunicus. pass under the Samnite yoke. Spain by llasdrubal. man Consul. 4 Birth of Jesus Christ, according to Ush- 155 lllrth of Orlgen (died 253). 310 Ptolrmv S-iter take* Jerusalem. Capua recovered by Rome. L. App. Satnmiu* Tribune (Rome). 156 Oleander prefect of Prctorlans. Revolt of Pbenicia. Conquest of Judea by Antlochus. 90 Ptolemy Aplon leaves Cyrenc. Droth of Herod, king of Judea. 100 Birth of Tcrtulllan (died 240). Jewish settlements in Egypt and Gyrene. Hannibal before Rome. 05 Birth of Lucretius (died 65). A. D. 102 Itrilanlcus, as gladiator, killed. 317 Agathocles at Syracuse. 20S Battle of Metaunis. 02 Sulla on the Euphrates. 1 Tiberius commands on the Rhine. 193 Perltnax. emperor of Rome, is murdered. 315 Thebes rebuilt by Cassander. Battle of Elingx 00—SS The Social or Mantle War in Italy. 3 Birth of Seneca (died A. D. 65). Didlus Julianus buys the empire. 1» op- „ , , , J • of Phrygia. . • Conquest ol Antigonus 207 Battle of the Mctaurui: Hasdruhal de- The Marxians, ot first tuecesiful, arc fin- 0 Judea a Roman province under Syria. p •! h. P. linin. Nii;. r and 8. p- 314 Palestine under Antigonus. feated and slain by the Romans. ally defeated. 9 Destruction o ( the noman* under Varus timlus Severn, and killed. Cinna. Roman victory at Gold money first coined in Rome. 88—S4 First Mithridatic War. and three legions by the Germans under 194 Scptimlus Severn* sole emperor. 313 Samnite rictory at Lantule. 205 Ptolemy V. The decline of Egypt. Mithridatcs seizes Athens. Hermann. Defeat and death of Niger. 311 Battle of Gam. 201 P. Cornelius Scipio conducts the war Civil War of Marius and Sulla and expul- Romans delcated by Channel under Ar- 100 Scvenis captures Byzantium after a siege over Victory of Ptolemy and Scleucus in Africa. sion of Marius. minltis. of three years. Demetrius PoRorcctes- Siege of Utica. Sulla occupies Rome. Banishment of Ovid. 167 Temple of the Sun at Daalbcc. Pyrrhus King of Epirus. 203 Hannibal leaves Italy. 87 Marius retakes Rome. 14 Death of Augustus Cesar. Battle of Lyons. Attain* and Rhodian* war with Philip. Proscription. Accession of Tiberius Cesar. Death of Albinos. and aqueduct. Appian Way 202 Defeat' of Hanniljl at Zama, in Africa. 80 Revolt and siege ol Egyptian Thehaa. Accession of Artatanus in Parthla. military road corn- The great Roman by Scipio Africanu*. Death of Marlu* and return of Sulla. 14—10 Campaigns of Gennanicus in Germany- Defeat of '’partblans^i’)'' Roman*. 201 Treaty of peace between Rome and Car- Athens stormed by Sulla. 17 Gennanicu* in Parthla and the East. 202 Persecution of the Christians. cottus. Indian empire. 311 —160 Sandra thage; eml of the Second Punic Mar. Birth of Sallust (died 34). 19 Death of Gennanicus. 264 lllrth of riotlnus, philosopher (dlrd 274). 311 The Etruscan War. —309 200 197 First Macedonian War. 85 Tigroncs at war with Rome. War between Artabarus and Marbad. 269 Invasion of Britain by Scvcrus. Ills wall Papirius Cursor. Roman Dictator. — S10 L. Allies attack Mare-don and defeat Philip. 84 Sulla makes peace with Ponlu*, King ol 20 Valerius Maximus. completed, 220. Agathocles defeated at Iiimera. IDS T. Quintus Flaminlus proclaims liberty to the Mithridatcs. M. Elino Sejanus dominant at Rome. 211 Death of Scvcrus ot York. Ciminian ilills; defeats 308 Fabius cresses 83 War with Marian party In Italy. 23 Protorian romp at Rome. Caracallo^ and^Geta emperors. the Tuscans at Vadimon. Syria becomes independent ol Egypt- Tigranes 1. of Armenia annexe* Phrygia. 25 Pontius Pilate governor of Judea. ^ ^ ^ 307 305 Naval war at Cyprus and Rhodes. 197 Battle of Cynoccphsle. 53 Birth of Marcus Antonius (died 30). 26—37 Tiberius retires to Capro. 304 Siege ol Rhodes by Demetrius. Philip defeated by Flaminlus. 82 Thebes destroyed. SO The Cniclfixion, according to Eusebius. 212 Cctn murdered. Battle "I I|i*is betweo) Ptolemy Soter 301 Palestine and Cele-Syria conquered by Second Civil War. Laclantiu*. Augustine, Orlgen and other Cararalla, sole emperor. Anticonus. and Antiochu* the Great, and confirmed to Victory at the Colline gate. authorities give A. D. 29 as the proper 213 Death of Clement of Alexandria. division of Alexander's dominions. Final him by the peace with Rome. Occupation of Rome. 214 First contact of the Roman, with the Athenian democracy restored. 300 Rosetta Stone written. Sulla become* Dictator. Agrippina 1. banished. Alamannl Gentian tribe* on the upper Chandrogupta (Sandracottus) reigns in The Dynasty of Han. Chinn, founded. 79 AMfcation of Sulla. Dies in 7S. 31 Marco. Prelect of Prctorlans, upon fall males a treatr with Scleucus. 196 India; joins Antioclms. The Cornelian Law* of Rome. of Sejanus. 217 Macrlnus emperor. S-lnicus. Hannibal Foundation ol Antioch by systematic as- Caligula. Hcliogabalut emperor. Birth of Hipparchus, first 79—72 Civil war of Sertoriu* in Spain ; and 37 Accession of Rome. 218 Light-house island ol Pharos erected. 195 on of Lcpidus and Catulus in Italy. Birth of Josephus (died 97). 222 Alexander Severn* emperor. besieged and taken by Demetriuv. 299 Athens War between the Romans and Antio- 78 Alexandra Queen of Judea. 40 Philo Senior ambassador to Rome. 226 Sextus Empiricus, philosopher, flour- Samnite War. tSamnltes, Etrus- 192 1J.5 295 Third 75 Nlcomedes III. leaves Bithnia to Rome. Birth ot Plutarch—died 120. ishes. Umbrians and Gauls). cans. PhUopcmcn pretor ol the Achean 74—65 Third Mltbridntic War. 41 Claudius Emperor of Rome. 226 DL&olutlon of tho Parthian Empire and Kcnatius. leader of the Sammies. Genius 7* —no victoria of Lucullu* in Aria. 42 Claudius conquers Mauretania. end of Arcclde. 296 The Csnitoline wolf. declared free from Macedon by 73—71 Servile wur in Italy, lid by Spartacu*. Birth of Quintilian—died lie. Foundation of the new Persian Kingdom Quintus Fabius defeats the Sammtcs, Greece 295 who !• defeated and slain by Crassus. 43 Expedition ol Claudius to Britain. of the Saxsanidc by Ardsblr (Arta- Etruscans and Gauls at Sentinum. Philopcmen defats Nabi*. of Sparta. 70 Consulship of Pompey and Crassus. Successes of Aulus Plautlu*. 292 Execution of C. Pontius. 104. Sparta joins the Achran League. Birth of Virgil (died 101. Birth ol Martial—died 228 Ulpian (lawyer) died. 290 The Third Sanrnilc War ends in sub- Magnesia. Scythians cxiicllcd from India. Lycla becomes a Homan province. 231 Persian War lieglns. jugation to Rome. 190 Battle of discipline of Lyeurgus abro- 69 Victor}- of Lticullns over Tigvane*. 44 Judea and Samaria directly Roman. 233 Triumph ot Severn*. Birth ol Archimedes (died 2121. 155 The laws and 2S7 67 Cesar begins to take part in public af- 47 London founded by the Roman*. 235 Maximln murders Scvcrus ond succeeds The Hortensian Law passed at Rome; gated by Phllopemcn. 256 fairs. Birth of Juvenal—died 130 (f). to tho throne. pleblscita declared binding on all the 154 Death of Plautus. Scipio. Pompey subdua the pirates. Thrace directly Roman. 230 Persecution of the Christians. people- 153 Death of Hannibal and League. 00 Lucullus recalled. The Frisians subdued by Rome. 238 The Gordian!, Puplcnus and Balhlnu a'allcates in favor ot his son. Lycortas. general ol the^Aehean 255 Ptolemy Pompey sent into Aria and war ended. 50 Defeat and capture of Caraclacus; taken (Jointly) and Oordlnnu* 111., emperors. Philadelphia*, who becomes Ptolemy 11. Egypt- Birth of Strabo, geographer (died A. D. 212 Gordianus defeat* Sapor. King of Persia. his reign Egypt rose to n high 1S1 Ptolemy VI. reigns In Under 22). Claudius marries Agripplana II., and 214 Gordianus murdered and succeeded by rank among the nations in power and Tbc Villlan Law. nome. 65 Birth of Horace (died B. C. 8). Philip the Arabian. * 179 Perseus King ot Macedonia. Antlochus Asiaticus dethroned by Pom- 51 South' Britain a Roman province. 249 Decius emperor of Rome. Alexandrian Library founded by Ptolemy Embassy of Callicrates to Greece. 254 pey. 64 Agripplana poisons Claudius and Nero 250 Dccltis orders a persecution of the Chris- Suer. Pharnaera. of I’ontus, cedes l'aphlagonla 04 Birth or Messalla (died 4). The Etolian League formed. to Rome. 254 Pompey reduces Syria to a Roman prov- 55 Birlir’of'Tacitra; died 117 (1). First invasion of the empire by the 2rJ Kingdom ot I'ergamus founded. 170 Antlochus make* war on Egypt < 60 Corbulo in Parthla. Cotlis. Renew cd Gallic and Etnucan War. 171 —165 Second Macedonian War. 03 Jerusalem token by the Romans under 59 Britannicus poisoned by Agripplana. 251 Death of Decius and Ills son. Second battle of lake Vadimon. 170 Antlochus take* Jerusalem. Pompey. Agripplana murdered by Nero. Callus emperor. 2=1 Rome ware with Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. 40,1100 Jews slain and Temple pillaged. (died Birth of Augustus. Parthla ond Armenia at war. 252 A pestilence^ breaks out In the empire Rome at war with Tarentum. Birth ot Attius, Roman dramatist Second conspiracy of Catalinc suppressed 60 St. l'aul at Malta. Lrsimaebus defeated and slain by Sc- Emilios Pau- by Cicero. 61 Insurrection of the Britons under Boa- 2a3 irroptlon^f the Golhs^ond Burgundla leucus at Corupedion. 168 Battle ol Pydna ; victory of between twelve cities ’ Macedonia made a Orations of Cicero. dlcra. Achean League lin over Perseus ; 280 Lucullus founds Library at Rome. Victory of Suetonius Paullnui. First appearance of the Franks In Gaul of Acbtn established. Pbenicia absorbed In tho province of Birth of Papinius Statius, poe t ; died 90. about this time. Battle of Pandosia. EumeneT II. i Irits Rorae. Syria. Birth of Pliny the Minor; died 105. 251 Valerian emperor. His son Calllcnus as- Romans defeated by Pyrrhus. Antiocbus Epiplune* taki* Jerusalem. 00 Pompey. Cexar and Crassus form the first 04 Rome on fire six days. sociated with him. Birth of ChrrwippM (died 20. Beginning of the Moccabcan war o( in- Roman Triumvirate. Persecution of the Christians. Persecution of the Christians. 279 Irruption ol the Gauls into Crecce. dependence. Birth ot Seneca fdied 80). 05 Deaths ol St. Peter and St. Paul (1). 265 Trapetus taken by the Goths. First Plcbeiin censor at Rome- Athenians attack Oropus. 69 Birth of Livy (died A. D. 17). Deaths of Seneca and Luscan. 250 Sa^or ravages Syria. Romans again delated by Pyrrhus at 107 Judas Maccabeus defeat* the ^Syrrins 68 The Gallic War begins. Conspiracy of Piso. Asculum. Cicero banished. Revolt or the Jews. 260 Calllcnus sole emperor. Rome and Carthage allied. Cesar Invada Caul. 66 Josephus governor of Gallilee. The Thirty Tyrants Iietween 206 and 208. 277 league la-tween Athens, Sparta and Romans ravage Epirus and Achra. llelvctli and Ariovlstus defeated. 07 Kero at the Olympic game*. 202 The Goths In Macedonia and Ado Minor. - Redediration ol the Temple- 100 67 Cyprus become* a Roman provinev. 08 Death of Nero. They destroy the Temple of Ephesus. The Septra guit written. One thousand Acheans imprisoned at End of Uie Seleueidc. Callia becomes emperor. Antioch taken by Sapor. The Gauls settle in Calatia. 196. Cesar defeats the Beige and Nervil. 09 Civil war at Rome. 203 Tho Franks invade Gaul. *70 Birth of F.rato SUPPLEMENT Nil. ANCIENT. MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY. A. D. A.D. A. D. A. D. 311 Borne proclaim! Christianity. 493 Thcodorlc establishes the Ostrogothlc 799 The ATars subdued by Charlemagne. 10S0 Domesday Book completed In England; 1238 Moorish Kingdom 'of Grenada founded Edict o( Nlcomcdla lo stop Ihc pcrsccu- Kingdom of Italy, 8outh Germany and 600. Charlemagne crowned at Rome; be- by Mohammed 1. tlun of the Christiana. Hungary, capital at Ravenna. come* Emperor ol the West l>y Pope Bumo founds Carthusians. 1239 Seventh Crusade, by Thfbaud, Count of 312 Defeat and death of Moxcntlus. 496 Third 8axon Invasion of Britain. Leo III. 1087 William 11. crowned Kin* ot England. Champagne. 313 Defeat and death of Maaimlan. Ccrdlc foundJ the Kingdom of Wessex. 802 Rurlc, the Norman, establishes the first 1088 Urban 11. Pope. 1241 Prose Edda. Edict of Milan, by Constantine and LI- 490 Clovis of France embrace* Christianity. regular government In Russia at Nov- 1090 Mantua taken by nrnry IV. 1242 Tartan establish the empire ol Kahn of clnlua, lor general religious tolcratloc. 601 Laws of Burgundy published. gorod, and becomes grand duke. 1091 The Saracens of 8pain Invite the African Kaptacbak. Britain subdued. 602 Charbades, the Persian, ravages the 807 War between Slavs and Polyponneslan Moor* to their aid in driving back the 1244 Jerusalem seized by the CSrlsmlom. 311 War between the two emperors, Greek Empire. Greeks. Christians. Dane* Invade Russia, and are defeated by Louis 1., Emperor, ^dethroned, but The Moors defeat the Christians Alexander Nrwskl. 310 lllrtli of St. Martin, Bishop of Tours. 603 Fergus lands in Scotland from Ireland. 814 re- and seize [ — Hanseatic 323 Constantino sole emperor. 600 '42 The famous King Arthur said to 1245 The League formed. 1240 Frederick 321 Constantinople founded; dedicated as the reign in England. 817 Louis, tha German (France), conquers 1005 Portugal becomes a separate principality 11. o( Austria killed Irt battlo with capital of the empire, 330 (or 834). 607 Clovis, having conquered the country under Henry of Bewncon. the Hungarians. 1250 Louis defeats 325 First General Council of the Church from the Pyrenees to the Loire, founds 820 Michael II., of the Byzantine Empire, William of Malmesbury. King Henry of England. Louia meets at NIcca. the Kingdom of all Franks. found* the Armorlan dynasty. 1090 First Crusade begun. captured by the Saracens; truce 320 Athanasius Patriarch of Alexandria. 610 Clovis makes Paris the capital of the 623 In England, Essex (and, two years later. Verse Edda compiled (1). for ten years. Mamelukes rule Controversy with Arlus. Franks. Kent and Northumbria) arc annexed to 1098 War between France and England. Egypt. 1099 1251 Rlae ol Mcdlca family 320 Death of Arlus. 611 Salic Law established by Clovis In Wessex. Death ot the Cid. In Italy. 825 The Servians occupy Jerusalem captured by Boull- 1252 Alexander Ncwskl is made Grand 887 Constantine 11., Constana and Constan- Dalmatia. Godfrey do Duke Tht^ Saxon Heptarchy of Russia, and reigns as tlus II. Joint emperors. Division of the monarchy between Clovis’ 827 ends and Egbert, Alexander I. 1254 Ottocar of Bohemia acquire* Nephlloa Meso—Gothic gospels. four sons. 1100 nenry I. crowned King of England. the Aus- 1- trian Provinces. 338 Death of Eusebius. 514 Vitallanus, the Goth, besieges Constant England. Grants a charter restoring the Saxon 830 Louis the 1259 Kubla Kahn builds Pekin. 340 ltlrth of St- Jerome—died 420. Debonair Imprisoned In France. 830—'40 separates Acre. 1200 Ottocar war* with Hungary Styria. 347 Synod of Sardlca. 619 Ccrdlc founds tho Kingdom of Wessex Louis Germany from 1104 Crusaders capture over 1202—'08 narons’ War England. 348 Uinias Bishop of the Cotha (died 888). in Britain. 1100 Milan becomes a free republic. In 840 1. defeats his 1203 Ottocar Inherits Corinthla. 300— *62 Revolt of Mogentius. Defeated by 627 Justinian I. becomes Emperor of Rome. Chariot the Bald King of France. Henry brother Robert, and Fourth Saxon invasion of Britain. Essex 841 German princes assert their independ- gains Normandy. 1205 The first regular Parliament of England 1197 Alexander I., Scotland. meet*. 384 Birth of St. Augustine (died 480). founded. Treaty’ of VI. le Birth of Dante; died 1321. 367 Victory of Julian over the Alamannl 629 Justinian Code published. 844 Verdun; the sons of Louis dl- 1108 Louis Gros (the Lusty), King of France. 1200 Naples and 8ldly conquered at Argcntoratum (Strasburg). 534 Bcllsarius conquers Africa. by Charles 1110 V. of Anjon. 301 Julian emperor. 638 The Franks appear in Italy. Henry of Germany Invades Italy. Goths 840 Tuc Saracens sack 1114 Henry V. marries 1208 Ninth CVutade, hr Louis IX. and Ed- 302 Julian recalls the banished bishops, and 539 Holy made subject to Bcllsarius. Rome. Matilda of England. 848 Brittany 1110 University nt Bologna founded. ward. Prince ot Wales. proclaims general religious toleration. ravage Milan. become* independent. 860 Russian 1270 Louis l.X. dir* ot Carthage. 303 Persian War. 644 Birth of Gregory of Tours (died 690). monarchy established by Rurlc. Euclid translated Into English. B50( Scots sod Piets 1110 Play of Catherine Philip III. (the llanly) King of France. Julian killed. 645 The Turks enter Ada. 1) united under Kenneth. St. at. Dunstable. 547 Northumbria founded in Britain. 851 Northmen pillage France. 1120 Rise of the Lombard (Italy) cities. 1271 The English quit Palestine. Anglia, 605 Russians stuck Constantinople. Shipwreck ot Prince William. 1272 Reign of Edward I. of England 304 Vnlcntinlnn and Valais Joint emperors. 660 The Angles form the Heptarchy— 867 Bassilllan 1122 Treaty ot Crowned Nov. 20. Final division of the empire. Delra, Mercia, etc. Dynasty founded at Constanti- Worms, between the Emperor — Totllo, the Ostrogoth, defeated In Italy ond Pope. Ottocar decline* the Imperial Crown of 307 '09 Theodosius in Britain ; aids Britons 652 800 of Scotland. Germany. against Piet* and Scots. by the imperial generals Narscs and Ecumenical Council of Constantinople. 1124 David I. King (Latin « 1273 Randolph, Count of llapstiurg. chosen 370 The Saxons land on the coasts of Caul. Bcllsarius. Church.) In Italy- 871 The Danes defeat Alfred at battle of over the Eastern Emidre. Emperor of Germany; Ottocar refuses 373 Death of Athanasius. 654 Norse* overthrows Gothic power Mer- 1132 Arnold Brescia. to acknowledge him. 375 War with the Quadl. 658 Clotalrc sole ruler In France. ot (1). 873 Kingdom of Navarre Sancho 1135 Stephen Income* King of England. 1274 Navarre passes to the royal family of (,’ration emperor of the West with Val- 600 Fergus Moor 11. of Scotland founded by Ills four sons divide Henry's daughcr, Maud, dispute* the France. cntlnlan 11. 691 Death of Clotalrc. 876 Charli*. the Bald, is civil ensues. Rudolph makes war upon Ottocar, and Invasion of the Huns. the kingdom between them. becomes Emperor; crown; war poisoned Jewish Louis VI. grants letters gaina Austria, Corinthla and Slyrla. Valens allows the nuns to settle in 602 St. Colombo lands in Scotland. by Zedcehias, a physi- of franchise to 870 1275 Wars of Robert nnire ond John nallol Thrace. 603 Constantinople, destroyed by fire. 875—1164 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 1138 Empress Maud's portions defeated at for the crown of Scotland. 377 Birth of St. Patrick (died 403 T). 604 History of Cildos (?). becomes 877 Louis II. 1270 House of llopshurg, of Austria, founded. 378 Constantinople threatened by the Goths. 685 Death of Justinian I. Ethelbcrt King ol France. the battle ot the Standard. Aug. 22. 876 Allied the Great driven from England. 1139 Portugal becomes a kingdom. 1277 Rule of the Visconti, Milan. 379 Theodosius the Great, Emperor of the King ot Kent. Longobardl from 879 Ecumenical Maud 1278 Ottocar slain at the battle of Marshfeld. East. 605 Italy Invaded by the Council of Constantinople. lands In England, and defeats Ste- 1 1282 Sicilian Vespers, massacre Kingdom of (Greek Church.) phen ; is crowned Winchester, March of Sicilians 381 Second General Council held at Con- Germany, who found the at Lombardy. Norws governor of Italy. 681 Danes ravage Scotland. 8. 1141. by the French. (died 032). 889 l’aria attacked by Northmen. 1143 Moor* rebel in Spain. Crusade against Aragon : the French ex- Pagan rites prohibited. 670 Birth of Mohammed of Wcst-Saxons defeat the 890 Italy subjected to Uie Eastern Empire. 1144 Alphon.o of Leon defeats the Moors. pelled. 382 Alarlc King of the Goths. 577 Battle Durham ; Alfred ot rounds Oxford, Wars of the citfc*. 1283 Walra subjected to England. Maximus In Britain. Britons. England and Lombard 383 Revolt of 1255 Philip IV. (the Fair) King France. destroyed by Ore. establishes a code of laws ; organize* 1110 Second Crusade; Louis VII. of France of 390 Final suppression of Paganism. 681 Paris mostly Thrace. militia and a navy subdivides the and Conrad III. of Germany are de- 1280 Kcnlgxbcrg made the capital of Prussia. Mossacrc ot Thossalonicn. Sclavonlans ravage ; Invade Italy and are repelled. country and cause* surveys ot the King- 1287 Jcwj banished from England. 1 Death of Gregory at Nozlanzus. 684 Franks palace the real rul- dom. Greece plundered by Roger of Sicily. 1288 Nicholas IV. Pope. 303 Honorlus Emperor of the West. The Mayors of the 605 Allred's translations. 1147 Maud Is defeated by Stephen, and retire* 1289 Second Invasion of the Mongols. 394 Theodosius master of the whole Roman 680 Kingdom of Mercia founded In Britain. 890 The Germans, under Arnold, scire Rome. to France. 1291 Mameluke* take Acre. Hccired I. Christian power in Syria destroyed. Theodosius. 687 Franks expelled from Spain by Alfred of England vanquishes the Danes. 1150 Artfaurion I-egends published. 305 Death of Scotland I.. Great, becomes Pope. 901 Death of Allred the Great, 1152 Frederick Barbarossa made Emperor of 1200 subdued by England. Arcadlus emperor of the F-ast. 690 Crcgory the overrun 1297 Sir William Wallace lights lor the inde- The Huns invade the eastern provinces. 695 The Lombards besiege Borne and out invades Greek Empire uodcr Germany. 1153 Maud conclude* a peace with Stephen. pendence ot Scotland. 305 Augustine made Bishop of nippo (died Italy. in England. 907 The Russians receive tribute from Con- Malcolm IV. King ol Scotland. Revolt ol Scotland. 430). 697 St. Augustine arrives Ethelbcrt. ot Kent, embraces Chris- stantinople. 1154 Frederick Barbarossa intadra Italy. 1299 llattlc of Falkirk; Bruce ond Douglas Alarlc In Greece. 698 King 910 Arscr's life of Alfred written. Henry II.. King of F.rgland, the first defeated by Edward 1. Stillcho attains chief power under Mono- tianity. Osman 1. Turkish 000 Italy ravaged by Sclavonlans. 911 Death ol Louis the Child, last of the Plants genet, crowned December 10. establishes the Em- Bcroicla ore driven back. German Carolingians. Adrian IV. Pope. 390 The Britons ask aid of Honorlus against 003 Scots Invade ; 011 The Persians make conquests in Syria, 912 Hollo the Northman becomes Robert, Constitutions of Clarendon enacted in 1300 Moscow become* the capital of Rimfa. and besiege 1301 Philip IV. quarrels with the Pope. Martin of Tours and Ambrose Egypt, and Asia Minor, Duke ol Normandy. 397 Deaths of — Charles of Valois In Italy. Home. 918 '34 Henry I-, the Fowler, reigns in Cc-r- 1150 Margraviatc, Austria, made a hereditary I of Milan. duchy by Frederic 1302 First convocation of Statcs-Genrral In 308 Chrysostom Bishop of Constantinople 012 Jews persecuted in Spain. I. King of France. dals and Bohemians. 1101 War of Guclphs and GhlbclUnc*. France. (died 407). 013 Clotalrc 11. 1303 Edward I. Invades Scotland. 1 Jerusalem captured by Persians. 921 Italy invaded by the Burgundian*. 1102 Barbarossa destroys Milan. 400 Alarlc ravages Italy. 014 Mohammed secretly leaves Mecca and cn- 028 Five Emperors rule the Byzantine Em- 1103 Berlin founded by a colony from the 1305 William Wallace cxrtotrd. 403 Battle of PollenUt. 022 pire. Netherlands. 1300 Robert Bruce crowned as King of Scot- Defeat ot Alarlc by Stillcho. V emigration—not Scotland. Alani and Sucvl invade The Hegira or Arab 933 Athclstan ravages Scotland. 1105 William the Lion. King or 400 The Vandals, 1307 Edward If. crowned, July King of flight as commonly translated. 934 Henry I. ot Germany defeats the Danes. 1100 Assizes of Clarendon and Northampton. 8, P the Franks,' 930 Barbarossa takes Rome. England. legions recalled from Britain; 028 Dagobert, the "Solomon of Otho the Great, in Germany. 1107 Frederick 409 The Roman 1307—'14 Philip suppresses the Knights Temp- about 418. becomes King. 937 Athclstan wins a great victory over the The Lombard League formed against the final withdrawal lar. and burns the Grand Master at Bevlses and publishes the Salle and Hl- Danes. Scots, etc., and becomes first 410 Sack of Rome by Alaric. King of England. 1109 University of Paris founded. Paris. Mohammed re-enter* Mecca; installed as 939 Louis IV. ot France subdues Hugh Ca- 1170 Thomas a Bucket murdered in England 1308 Pope Clement V. remove* to Avignon, In Pels gi us begins to preach about this time. 0S0 pet, Count of Paris. December 29. France. the philosopher, bom (died 486). prince and prophet. 412 Proclus. Albert I., of Austria, attempta to sub- Ataulphus, of the 032 Death of Mohammed. 944 Malcolm I. in Scotland. 1172 The Sultan 8sladin makes great con- 414 Marriage of King , „ , religion spreads through Persia. 951 Otho invades Italy. quests In Asia. due the Swlas, who have revolted un- Goths, to Placlda, daughter of Thco- Ills 034 The Koran published. 982 Otho the Crcat becomes Emperor ot the Ireland conquered by the English. der William Tell, (f) Lcgnano. Barbarossa defeated 1309 The Swlas revolt successful. Persia 038 Syria occupied by Saracens. West ; Italy and Germany united. 1170 Battle ot Pcrwcutlon of the Christiana In the 6on of Dagobert, King of 978 Otho 11. invades France. by the Lombard Leigue. 1310 Henry VII. subdues Lombardi. begins: lasts thirty years. Clovis II., 979 Assassination of Edward, the Martyr, of Six circuits for the administration of 1313 Louia V. and Frederick of Austria con- 424) Death of St. Jerome. tend German Empire. Omar Institutes the new Moslem Calcn- England. justice established In England. for the Orostus, the Spanish presbyter ond his- 030 Battle Baslentello; III. of Chief Justice of England. Birth ol Boccaccio; died 1375. flourished. 982 ol Otho Ger- 31S0 Olanvll torian. of France. 1314 Battle of Bannockburn; the Scots, un- 040 Alexandrisn Library burnt. many defeated by Greeks and Saracens. Philip 11. ( Augustus) King 423 Death of Honorlus at Ravenna. der Robert Bruce, defeat the English 042 In Britain the Mercians defeat the Berm- 9S7 Hugh Capet becomes King ol France. 1181 Glani 11 makes a digest ot English law. 426 Administration of Ettas begins, lasting under Edward. cions. 9SS Vladimir marries Annie, sister ol Basil 1 1 63 Peare of Constance establishes the free about thirty years. IV. Cermsny. Rhodes taken by the Saracens. II. ot Russia, and embraces Chris- cities of llsly- Louis King of The Traveler's Song published. 053 becomes King of France. tianity. 1165 Province* of Amiens and Valois annexed Union of France ond Navarre. Nestorlus, Patriarch of Constantinople, 050 Clotalio Ilf. 428 of the 1315—'25 Insurrection of English Barons. Constans II . Emperor 995 Elfric's Homilies. to France. banished 002 In Italy, (435). . The Swiss totally defeat the Austrians at , ...At- East, Is defeated by the Lombards. 990 Otho 111. makes the German Emperor 1187 Raladln seizes Jerusalem. 429 The Vondals under Gcnserlc invade Uorgorten. 608 Constantinople hesiegtd by Saracens. 1189 Third Crusade by England, France and Spain. Pares the capital of all France. 1310 John 1.. o posthumous son of Louis X., 1 Mopsues- 672 Saracens driven from made Death of Theodore, Bishop Of King, dies at the oge of four days. 672—'77 Womba'a "good reign" In Spam. 997 Death ot St. Adelbert, who first intro- Siege of Acre begun. Bretons, Philip 11. (the Long) King of France. Ephesus. 07S Cadwalladcr, the last king of the duced Christianity into Prussia. Richard I. crowned In England. Sent 3. Third General Council held at of Danin. 431 Terrible massacre of Jews In London. 1321 Death 432 St. Patrick arrives in Ireland. 1322 Battle or Muehldorf; Louis V. defeats Bulgarians occupy Bulgaria, in Northern 1000 Genoa, 'ltaly, becomes rich ond powerful. 1190 Frederick I. (Barbarossa), drowned. A* tils King of the Huns. Frederick. 433 luu2 Massacre of Dunes in England by Etbel- Order o( Teutonic Knights established. 438 Theodoslan code published. Charles IV. King of France. 081 Mcbrouln. last of the Merovingians, as- rcd. Henry V. invades Italy. 439 The Vandals surprise Carthage. 1324 Illrth of John WlnklllTc; died 1384. sassinated. Reign o( Robert II. in Burgundy. University of Oxford founded. Great) Bishop of Rome. ... , , 440 Leo I. (the Male* and avenges the 1320 Germany Invaded by Turks. anil Saxons drive Britons into 1U03 Swvyn, King of Denmark, 1191 Richard I. Joins the Crusade*. 442 Treaty of pence betwrer \alentinlan 685 Cornwall. Censerlc. England. to Wessex. Ethelrcd flees to Normandy. pilgrim. . 087 Sussex united Jerusalem opened to 447 Altila In Thrace and Moccdon. Independence of Scotland. for aid In Franc.', Pepin defeats Thierry. Malcolm 11. King of Scotland. Kingdom ol Cyprus founded. 440 Messages of the Britons to Kill i 200,000 Moor* brought from Africa by tho West Saxons. . 1013 Sweyn conquers England. devastated by Artois annexed to France. 1 against the Saxons. 604 Kent ol Grenada. of ken- Battle of Basil 11. ot Con- King Empire 697 Amiasto becomes the first doge 1014 Ketunlum ; 1192 Richard I.. Coeur do Lion, made prisoner 447 ’Attila ravages the Eastern 1328 Charles the Fair, ol France, dies; Philip At- stantinople defeats the Bulgarians. in Cerminy by Henry IV.; ransomed Theodosius conclude* a treaty with VI., of the House of Valofa, reigns. 709 The Sararena invited Into Spain io over- 1015 Vladimir 1. dies; Russia U divided. (1194) for £400,000. Ivan I. rules Russia. Roderick. 1010 Ethelrcd dies ; Edmund Ironsides and Council of Ephesus. throw King Richard defeats Saladln. 449 The* Robber Africa to Spain. divide 1329 David IT. King of Scotland. The Saracens cross from Canute England. Innocent 111. Pope. Landing of the English In Britain, 711 1198 1333 Tlie Scots defeated by Edward at Half- The Bulgarians ravage the Eastern Em- Italy Invaded by Northmen. John become* King of England, May 27. llcngist and llorsa In Kent. 1109 don Hill. plre. Expulsion of Saracens. Salamanca founded. 460 Death of Theodosius II. 1200 University ot 1337 War between France and Flamler*. 712 The Gothic Kingdom of Spain overthrown 1017 Canute, the Dane, becomes King of all Fourth Crusade; capture ot Zora. 451 Invasion of Goul by Attila. 1202 Illrth ot Froissart; died 1491. by the Arabs. England. Constantinople liesieged and captured by Victors' of Ettas at Chalons. 1203 1339 First Doge of Genoa appointed. Cbalcc- Establishment of the Saracen kingdom ot 1010 The Moors enter Spain. • Fourth General Council held at 1340 Birth of Gerhard Oroot; died 1380. Cordova. 1020 Sancho II. ol Navarre founds the King- England. 1204 Normandy lost to In Spain; Moors terri- palace and dom ol Castile. Bottle of Torifu begins. 714 Charles Martel, mayor of the Latins |»5SC* and divide Greece. Monophysltc controversy Kingdom under Ram- bly defeated by Alnbonso XL, of Cas- real ruler ot Franc. 1030 Arragon becomes a 1207 Albigenslnn Crusade. 452 Invasion of Italy by Attila. tile. Independent Gothic Monarchy founded m Ires 1. ^ founded. 710 of Crecy French, under Philip, Venice . 1037 Union ot Leon and Austria with Castile. 1340 Battle ; Dissolution of Ids em- Rome. 463 Death of Attila. a King- murdered by Mac- routed by the English, under Edward 715 Leon and Asturias formed Into 1039 Duncan 1. of Scotland England interdicted by the Pope. III., and the niaek Prince. P dom by Pelays. who checks the con- Crusade ogulnst the Albegtolse. his see ot Armagh. ’ 1209 French 454 St. Patrick fixes Spain. restored and Servlu lost to the Battle ol Durban, In Scotland. quests of the Saracens in 1040 Sicily Inquisition established. 466 Sack of Rome by Censerlc. Battle of Neville's Cross. 720 The Saracens are defeated nt Constanti- Eastern Empire. Venice and Cenoa. Intercession of Leo. 1210 War between 1347 The English take Calais. , nople. The Cid (Ituy Dial) In Spain. Alblgcnsca. founds the Kingdom of Kent. 1213 Battle of Murct; defeat of of the Tribunes, establishes 457 Hengist created Duke of France. Rienzl, last Beowulf (?). Charles Mortcl Interdict ol England removed. 400 The epic poem of Dynasty restored. Edward a democracy in Rome. The Saracens invade France. 1042 The Saxon Alexander II. of Scotland. —'07 Rule of Rlctaicr.^ 1214 1348 University of Prague founded. ^401 I’opc Gregory excommunicates the Em- the Confessor. King of England. Bouvlnes. 730 French defeat Germans at annexed to Prance. Bohemia by Henry III. 1349 Dauphlny Visigoths in Spain r Conquest of 1215 Magna t’lurta signed at Runnyrnode, *402—*73 Conquests of the de- before Constantinople. The black death In England. 732 Battle° of Tours, or Poitiers: crushing 1043 Russians defeated 15 confirmed and renewed 30 ond Gaul. June ; 1350 Order of the Garter Instituted by Ed- feat of the Saracens by the 1 ranks. 1051 Rebellion of Godfrey In Kent. Great fire at Constantinople. ward and John 11.. King of France. 405 1052 War of ltodcrigo, the Cid. with the fdied Boethius (died 520). Birth of Roger Bacon 1202). Marino Fallcro at Venice. 470 Birth of In Grecian Pelopon- Moors. 1352 Augustulus Emperor of the 740 Slavic” settlements 1210 Henry III. becomes King of England, Crewe. 476 Romulus 1058 Moors exiielled from Italy. 1353 Turks enter October 28. * West (banished 470). . 1364 Rienzl slain at Rome. „ and Carlomon ot France abdicates. 5faebelh defeated and slain. and Hun- Odoaccr raptures and sacks Rome 747 1217 Filth crusade by .Germans 1350 Battle nt Poitiers, September 19: 6.000 470 762 Pepin, the Short, son ot Charles Martel. Malcolm 111. of Scotland. becomes King of Italy. English defeat 00,090 French : tho becomes King of France. 1000 Philip I., the Fair. King of France. 1220 Frederick* II. becomes Emperor ol Italy. Black Prince take* John 11. captive lo ^ gives Ravenna to the Pope. Lambert ot llcrafcld. o^"Ancient ^History. 754 Pepin 1222 Matthew Paris bom. die*. 'close' ol the'™!™ Britain. Jerusalem captured by the Turks. London, where he 765 Insurrection In Mercia. 1005 Teutonic Knights undertake the con- England, The Charles IV.. of Germany, slim. Ihe Ahdcrahman I. Incomes King of Cordova. 1000 William of Normandy Invades quest ot Poland. Golden Bull, the basis of U-. German annexes Ravenna to tho Sec of and wins the battle ol Hastings. 760 Pepin j«a3 Tartars conquer n large part of Russia. Constitution until 1800. Harold defeats the Norwegians, und Is Louis VIII. King of France. 1368 Insurrection of the Jacquerie In France. Insurrection of Toledo. crowned King of England, January' 0. 700 1224 Louis Irces his serfs. 1300 Peace of Brrtlgny, between Engllth and ol Pepin, who is succeeded by his Death of Harold. 01 70S Death 1220 St. Louis becomes King Louia I*. two spns, Charlemagne and Carioman, William L, the Norman, crowned King; France. 1301 Italy overrun by the Free Lance*. France and Germany.’ December 25. who rule In 1227 Gregory IX. Pojw. Turks enter Greece. Charlemagne rules alone. 1070 The feudal system Introduced in Eng- 771 1228 Sixth Crusade; Frederick 11. at Acre. 1302 The English language ordered to be used alter a severe strug- land. 772— '85 Charlemagne, begun. proceeding*. England. the Sicilies. 1229 The InquWUon In legal conquers the Saxons ; they em- 1071 Norman Kingdom of two gle, long Ten years' truce with the Sultan. Austria acquires the Tyrol. Herewnrd in the Isle o( Ely. 1303 Jerusalem restored to the Christiana. Charles V. (the Wise) King of France. annexes Italy alter con- 1073 Hildebrand made Pope Cregory VII. 1304 History 774 Charlemagne Frederick crowned King of Jerusalem. Bold, Duke of Burgundy. Medieval Gregory VII. estahllihe* universal sov- Philip, the quering the Lombards. defeated in France. and reforms Alblgrme* Treaty between Austria and Bohemia. 775 Battle of Itonresvallcs. ereignty of the papacy, founded. Kingdom of the 1231 University of Cambridge 1300 II. Van Eyck, painter, boro. 470 Establishment of tho Beginning of the ago ot chivalry. abuses in the Church. 1232 Fall of Hubert de llurgh. 1307 The Msmeluket conquer Armenia. Franks. Charlemagne unsuccessfully invades Henry VI. of Germany disputes bis title. Britain. between Castile and Moor*, and of Tamerlane founded. 477 Second Saxon invasion of Oderlcui Vitalis. 1233 War* 1309 Empire 1076 Seville. Toledo, and Birth of St. Benedict (died 643). capture of Cordova, •angland's "Piers Plowman." 480 785 Saxons, subdued by Charlemagne, be- 1070 Justice of the Peace appointed. (Merovingian) reigns in Bclgio other cities by Ferdinand III. 1370 Pope Gregory XI. goes to Avignon. 481 Clovis I. come Christians. 1077 Henry IV. submits and docs penance. 1236 The Mongolians Invade Russia. 1371 Stuart line bigin. with Robert 11. ol Gaul. Danes land in England. 1081 Italy invaded by the Germans. 787 The between the Emperor and the Lom- 486 Proclus, philosopher, died. — establishes the Margra- 1084 Henry IV. takes Rome. 1230 War 701 '00 Churlemagne Petrarch. Battle ot Solssons. dies there, bard League. 1374 Death of 480 vlatc ot Austria. The Pope flies to Salerno and In defeats the Gauls. 1°37 The Grand Duke Juric (Russia) slain Rebellion against the Pope. Clovis I. Reign ot Alfonso, the Chaste, In Spain: battle. 1375 Death of Boccacdo. • 489 Ostrogoths invade Italy. independence of Christians established. Clement III. made Pope by Henry IV. 491 Ella founds the Kingdom of Sussex. SUPPLEMENT XIII. ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY. A. D. A. D. A. D. 1 religion In 1506 Shakespeare's poems Bret issued. ?' Fortcscuc. First invasion ol England. 1553 Restore* the Roman Cathollo is; Richard II. Kin* of England, June ii- 1475 Birth o! Sir John 1522 Scotch England. 1600 Capture ol Cadiz by Essex. restored to 1476 Battle of Murten. The Louvre, Paris, commenced. Papacy Rome. Russia be- University of Barcellona founded. 1477 Russian war with Tartars. 1523 Italian League against Francis 1. Trade between England and 1380 Battle ot the Don: Dimitri II., of Rus- Birth ol Descartes: died 1060. Artois and Burgundy united to Franc* Clement VII. Pope at Rome. gun by the "Russian Company." sia. defeat* thr Tartar*. 1607 Bacon's essays published. by Maaimillian's marriage. Berner's Froissart. Scrvctus burnt by Calvin, WTckliffe'X translation ol the Bible pub- 1698 Death of Philip 11., ot Spain. Birtb ol Titian, painter: died 1576. Honduras conquered by the Spaniards. lllrlh of Hooker; died 1000. lished. Philip III. King; lie banishes 300,000 147S Duke of Clarence murdered. Vcrazzanl's discoveries in North Amcr- Birth ot Spenser; died 1599. Thomas A. Kempis bom. Dud- Moors from Spain by A. D. 1010. 1479 Union oi Aragon and Castile, under 1554 Lady Jane Gray and Lard Guilford Russia wars with the Tartars. Tho Netherlands ceded to Austria. Ferdinand and Isabella. Birth' of Rousard; died I5S6. ley beheaded. Charles VI.. Kin* of Prance. Edict of Nantes in favor ol rrolcstanis, Great Invasion of Russia hy Tartar*. 1624 Settlement ol New France (Canada). Mary marries Philip ol Spain. I $31 Watt Trier's insurrection in London by Ilenry IV. 1450 Mongolian power in Russia destroyed. 1525 Battle ot Pavia. Birth ol Sir Philip Sydney; died 1580. Persecution of Protestants in England. Irish rebellion of O'NIel, or Tyrone; de- 1455. Mohammed 11. takes Otranto. Francis I. defeated nnd taken prisoner Ghiberti, artist, bom; died feat of the English at Blackwatcr. 1451 Frederick IV.. oi Nurenbcrg, purchases by Charles V. Siberia discovered. 1SS2 "Legend of Good Women," England. Ilenry IV. commissions De la Roche fo Brandenburg from Sigismund. Peasants' War in Germany. Wyatt's insurrection suppressed in Eng- 1SSS The Tartars bum Moscow. conquer Canada, in which he falls. 1452 Ivan assumes the title of the Cur of Albert ol Brandenburg embraces Luth- 1555 Death of John Wyctliffe. Tile race of Rurlc, who had governed Russia. eranism and becomes Duko of East 1555 The English martyrs, Lailmcr, Ridley, 1556 John of Ghaunt in Spain. Russia for 700 years, becomes extinct. Birth of Raphael, painter; died 1520. Prussia and Fief ol Poland. Rogers, and Cranmcr burned at the Battle of Lera pi ch ; defeat of the Aus- founded. Ferdinand I. unites stake. Bodleian trians by the Swiss, and death of Duke 1453 Birth of Stephen Hawes; died 1512. 1526 Bohemia and Hun- gary lo Austria. Philip II. rules in Holland. 1599 Appenzri Joins Hie Swiss Cantons. Edward V. made King of England ; April Religious peace ol Augsburg. Birlh of Vondyck, painter; died 1641. divided. S murdered in the Tower. Pizarro discuv-rra the coast ot Quito. 1557 Cmuan Empire Birth of Velasquez, painter; died 1060. Selim I. defeats the Hungarians. Dale's “King John" Issued. Fra Angelico, painter, bom; died 144S. Richard HI. usurps the throne, June 26. India. Charles, ol Spain and Germany, retires 1SSS Battle of Cbery Chase, or Otterbume, Charles VIII. King oi Franc*. Mongol dynasty founded in 1550 to a monastery. between Soots and English. Birth ol Luther; died 1540. Tyndalc's new Testament published. Philip 11. King of Spain. 1SS9 Margaret of Norway. 1454 Spain invaded by Turks; first auto da 1527 Germans capture Rome. Ferdinand, hit brother, succeeds in Gcr- 1390 The Eastern Empire loses power in .Asia. Insurrection of Moriscoes suppressed. In Robert III. King of Scotland. 1455 Bosworth Field. Rcign*' of Akbar, tho greatest sovereign The Canterbury Tales published. August 22, death ol Richard I. Spain. ol Illndoostan. J. Van Eyck, painter, fora. Henry VII. crowned. Death ol MachiavcUI. Birth ot Caniocns died 1579. 1657 Spain at war with France. 1392 The Portuguese discover the Cape of 1456 Henry marries Eliubctb, daughter of ; Battle of St- Quentin: Philip gains a Good Hope. Edward IV. Sackvilic. earliest dramatist, bom. decisive victory. 1395 Tamerlane, the Tartar, invades Russia. B, Diaz rounds Cape of Good Hope. 1528 Narvaez's expedition to Florida coast. Modern History. Alva takes Rome. The Wakefield and Townciey mysteries. 1457 The Court of the Star Chamber insti- Constable Bourbon at Rome. England. James V., of Scotland, reigns. 155S Calais retaken by the French. 1396 Battle oi Nicopolia. the Turks, under Ba- tuted in 1000 Maurice, of Holland, invades Flanders. to Birth ol P. Veronese, painter; died 1588. Mary, ol Guise, in Scotland, marries the jaart I.. defeat the Hungarian Chris- Province Joined Franc*. The Dutch East India Company char- between Russia snd Sweden. 1529 Diet at Spiers, Germany. tians. 14SS War tcred with a capital of *300,000. Cuard organized in Turks Invade Austria. Elizabeth accedes to English throne, No- 1S97 Persecution of the Wycklifitcs or Lol- The Yeoman of the Chauvln'a trading voyage* to Tadoussac, lards. England. France and Spain sign treaty of peace at Reestablishes the ol England. Onion of Calmar. 1490 Leonardo ds Vinci, painter, flourished. Cambria. Church Birth of the painter, Rembrandt ; died Anne Brittany. Sir Thomas More'. Chancellor. 1559 Francis II. King of France. ISM Henry IV. crowned King ol England, 1491 Charles VIII. marries Ol 1600. Sept. Alexander VI. Pop*. 1530 Tbe Augsburg Confession published. Treaty of Cstcau-Canihrerls signed. 30th; Order of the Bath founded. Birth of Claude Lorraine, painter; died Sevnigorod annihilates the Persecution ol Protestants begun in William Cecil Secretary in England. 1400 Birth of Della Robbia, architect and defeats and 1082. sculptor. 1560 Charles IX. King oi France; regency of Catherine Medici. Portuguese introduce tobacco Into In- Death ol Chaucer and Froissart. 1492 Columbus Kails from Spain, August 3, Fall and' death of Cardinal Wolsey. de Bible issued. dia. 1401 Rebellion in Wales; GleDdower and the snd discovers America, October 12; Reformation makes great progress in The Ccncva Southwell; died 1590. 1001 Execution of flic Earl of Essex, Febru- Perrin defeated. discovers Cuba. October 2S; Hayti, De- Switzerland. Birth oi in 1402 Battle of Titnoor cember 6. Italy conquered by Charles V. Persecution of Protestants begun Angora; the Tartar de- Alleged discovery ol Australia by Portu- Tartars. 1 feats the Turks and captures Bajaact I. Ferdinand conquers Grenada and de- Russia makes peace with the ol died 1620. guese. Masaccio, painter, bom. stroys the Moorish power in Spain. 1531 League of Smalkald formed by Protes- 1501 Birth Bacon; reigns Scotland,. 1602 Siege of Geneva, Switzerland; Charles 1405 Prince James of Scotland captured. C-esar Borgia poisons Pope Alexander tant princes. Mary Sluart In Religious wars in France. of Savoy defeated. 1400 Albany, regent, in Scotland- First European Colony in South Amer- Champlain's first expedition to the St. Henry sells the sovereignly of France. ica. 1502 Massacre of Protestants at Vassy- 1407 France interdicted by the Pope. Lawrence. Warbeck's insurrection San Vincente founded. Huguenots defeated at Dreux by Guise. 1409 Council of Pisa. Alexander V. made ; quelled in 1498. unite against Poland. 1603 Death of Queen Elizabeth; accession of Pope by council of Pisa. Spanish persecution of the Jews. Royal printing press established in Russia and Sweden founded hy Hu- Janus IV., of Scotland, to English 1410 Sigi.miund of Hungary becomes Emperor 1493 Treaty of Barcelona, between France France. Port Royal, Carolina*, Crown, as James I. of Germany. Elliot’s “Governor" issued. guenots. Guise killed at the siege oi Orleans. Union oi England and Scotland. March 4. 1411 Cnireirity of St. Andrew* founded. League between Russia and Denmark. Death ol Zwingle ; tom 1484. 1503 Huguenots. 1604 First settlements in Nova Scotia by Battle of llarlaw: the Lowland defeat Birth of Correggio, painter; died 1534. 1532 France annexes Brittany. Temporary peace with the tbe Highland 1494 Charles VII. invades Italy and conquers Conquest oi Peru begins. The Escurfal Palace of Spain founded. Scots. Port Royal, on Bay of Fundy, founded. Calvin at Geneva. Tusscr’s Bucolics issued. 1412 Birth of Fra Filippo Lippi, painter. Hampton Court Conference. 141$ Henry V. crowned, of LoUarrls persecuted in England. 1533 Iran I., Czar, noted for his cruelty. Birth ol Drayton: died 1631. March 21, King 1005 Discovery of the Gunpowder Plot to blow 1495 Poyninga’ Act Ireland. Henry divorces Catherine, and marries 1564 Maximililan II. King oi Germany. England. in up Parliament 1414 Council of Constance; Pope John XXIII. 1496 Naples lost to Charles. Anne Boleyn. Florida colonized by Huguenots. 1600 Great fire In Constantinople. Spain accrues to Austria by the marriage Birth Ot Montague; died 1592. Birth of Shakespeare-; died 1010. Matins at Moscow. of Philip 1. with the heiress of Ara- The Hotel de ViUe, Paris, founded. Birth oi Galileo; died 1640. . Sigismund, King of Bohemia. Emperor ot The Tuilcriw. Paris, begun. Demetrius, a pretended son of Ivon, and Germany. gon and Castile. 1534 The Anabaptist war ; they capture Mun- 1505 Philip establishes the Inquisition in Hoi- many Poles massacred. 1415 Battle of Agincourt ; 10.000 English, 1497 Cabot discovers Labrador, June 26; and un- Liberty ol worship given to Protestants, der Henry V.. defeat 50.000 French. surveys Hudson's Bay, July 3. Henry VIII. is styled "Head of the land. in Austria, by peace of Vienna. John Huas and Jerome of Prague burned 1498 Louis XII. King of France. Church"; authority of the Pope of Mary Queen ol Scots marries Lord Dam- Australia observed by the Dutch. at tbe stake, betrayed by Sigismund. 1499 The French unite with Venice and seize Rome abolished in the kingdom. ley. Silk and other manufactures introduced 1416 Tbe partisans of Huss take arms; Carter's expedition to the Gull of the St. Augustine, Florida, founded by Mcl- up into France. Battle of Lcpanto victory of the Turks. St. Lawrence. : Mantua ceded to the Emperor of Austria. 1417 Oobham burnt. Mohammedans expelled from Spain. Rebellion of Fitzgerald in Ireland. 1500 Confederacy of "Cucnx” (beggars) Birth oi Corneille; died 1084. 1419 Tbe Ilussitrs take Prague. Swiss Confederacy independent. Foundation or Jesuit order. ogalnst Philip's cruelly. Mnrch 0. 1007 Settlement of Jamestown, Vo., by Lord 1420 Paris captured by the English; Treaty PcTkin Warbeek executed. Comeggio died: bom 1493. Murder oi Rlzzlo, by Damley, of Troyes; Henry wins 1500 Pinzon discovers Brazil, January 20. 7535 Execution of Sir Thomas More, In Eng- 1507 Religious wars resumed in France; the French 100S Quebec founded by Champlain. crown; birth of John Weasel. Cabral the Portuguese, lands in Brazil, land. Huguenots defeated ot SL Denis. John Sigismund created Elector of Bran- 1422 Henry VI. proclaimed King of France May 3. Cartier's second voyage, enters nnd denburg and Duke of Prussia. and England. 1501 Brasie and Schaffhauscn join the Swiss names the St. Lawrence, ascends the Assassination ol Damley, Feb. 10; Mary Ulster settlements made by the English. Ottoman Empire reunited by Amurath IL Confederation. river as far as present site ol Montreal. accused ot connivance. abdi- Birth ol John Milton; died 1074. 1423 Janies I. reigns in Scotland. Negro slaves imported into Hispaniola. Mendoza founds Buenos Ayres, and con- Mary marries Brothwcll, May 15; 1609 Truce ol Antwerp ; independence of 1425 War between Milan snd Venice. 1502 Spanish Moors compelled to adopt Chris- quers adjacent country- cates in favor ol her eon. regent. united provinces of Holland. The Paiton Letters. California supposed to have been discov- James VI., Earl ol Murray, Moriscoes expelled from Spain by Philip 1429 Joan ot Arc raises siege of Orleans, de- Columbus sails on his fourth voyage and ered by an expedition fitted out by 1568 Mary escapes from prison, is defeated feats the English at Pstay, and drives discovers various isles on the coast ot Cortex under Grijalva. bv Murray, at Langildc, May 13, and The Douay Bible first issued. them from all their conquests In Honduras, and explores the coasts of Cromwell, vicar-general in England. seeks shelter in England. Peace between Spain and the France except Calais. the islands: discovers and names Por- Suppression oi monasteries in England. Bishop’s Bible issued. Dutch. Henry Hudson discovers Hudson River. Charles V11L King oi prance. to Bello. November 2. 1509 Huguenots defeated at Jaraac and Mou- Champlain's discoveries in Canada. 1430 limy VL crowned at Paris, in Decem- 1503 Reign ol Montezuma in Mexico. Mendoza erects 'u»c first Mexican mint. Virginia obtains Louis XII., of France, invades Spain. 1536 Suppression of the Anabaptists, and 1570 Rebellion of Moriscoes, in Spain, put a new charter. Hawkins at Mogul Court. Amurath II. conquers Macedonia. Portuguese in India. death of John of Leyden. down. King Jun.es drives tbe Irish Ul- Humphrey Duke ol Gloucester. Birth ol Wyatt: died 1542. Anne Bolryn beheaded; Henry marries Ivan massacres 25,000 persons ot Novgo- from ster and divides the land between Eng- The Medici at Florence. Birth of Mendoza, historian; died 1575. Jane Seymour. land and Scotland. 14S1 Joan of Arc burned at Rouen. 1504 Death of Queen Isabella ol Spain. The Portuguese granted Macao, Chino. Iiungary definitely annexed to Austria. 1010 “King James' Version” of the Bible 143$ Lisbon tbe capital oi Portugal. Brazil explored by Americus Vcspucius. The Boulevards, Paris commenced. Murray murdered ; Lennox becomes completed. Council of Basle. Columbus, worried by ibc machinations 1537 English suppression oi (he monasteries. regent Henry IV. Birth of Thomas Malory. of his enemies, returns to Spain, No- 1571 Birth oi Kepler; died 1630. of France assassinated; Marie de Medici RegcnL 1435 Treaty ol Arras, between France and vember 7. Pilgrimage of Grace. Spain allied with Venice and the Pope Louis XIII. Burgundy. 1505 Birth of John Knox; died 1572. 1539 Adoption of the six articles, England. against the Turks. King of France. power crip- The Palais-Royal, Paris, built. Sicily and Naples united. 1506 Death of Columbus. May 20; he was First edition of Cromwell's Bible pub- Battle of Lcpanto ; Turkish 1011 title ol Baronet I. End of Hussite wars. treated with the basest ingratitude by lilhfd. pled. The created by James to America, founds War of Turks with Venice. the Spanish Government. Cranmcr's Anglican Liturgy. Moscow, Russia, burned by the Tartars. Champlain rctuma Mar becomes regent. Montreal, and Is In supreme command 1436 Invention oi Printing by Guttenbog. Buchanan born ; died 1582. 1540 Execution of Cromwell. Lennox murdered ; in Canada. 1437 James 1., ot Scotland, murdered. Rule of Charles V., of Spain, In Hol- Greece subjected to tho Ottoman Em- 1572 Rebellion oi William oi Orange against Issue ot the English James II. becomes King. land. pire. Philip's tyranny. Bible, “King James’ Version.” Albert V., Duke of Austria, obtains Bo- Birtb of Francis Xavier: died 1552. Henry' VIII. marries Annie of Clcvcs, Massacre of St. Bartholomew, France, Carr, afterwards Somerset, favorite in hemia and Hungary, and is made Em- Yucatan discovered by Solis and Pinzon. January 6 ; divorced July 9 ; marries peror of Germany. 1508 League of Cambray, between Louis XII. Catherine Howard, August 8. Henry of Navarre marries Marguerite, England. 1012 Mathias becomes 143S University of Florence founded. and Maximililan, against Venice. Jam t* V.. of Scotland, dies. of Valois. Emperor of Germany. Jones; 1052. English factories established in Indio. The Pragmatic Sanction ; Albert V., of 1509 Henry VIII. King ol England; he mar- Mary' proclaimed Queen of Scots; re- Birth of Inigo died Virginia receives a third Austria, becomes Emperor of Ger- ries Catherine of Aragon. gency of Cardinal Beaton. 1574 Accession of Henry III., of France, the charter. Prince Venice stripped of its Italian possessions. Birth of Gascoigne; died 1577. last of the Valois. Death of Henry. Russia again Birth died 1637. 1013 Accession oi the Romanoff Dynasty in ms Cernncu’ of Florence 1510 invaded by Tartan. Birth of Gilbert (magnetism) ; died 1603. of Ben Jonson ; Russia. Title of Emperor limited to the Aus- Execution of Dudley and Empson. Orellana sails down the Amaxon to the 1575 Elizabeth, of England, declines the sov- trian Hapsburgs. OJcdo founds San Sebastian. ereignty of Holland. Michael Fedorvoll* Czar. 1442 Battle ol Vasag: Turks rooted by Hun- 1511 Pope Julius II. forms the noly League 1541 Great Tartar invasion ol Russia repelled. Birth of Guido Renl, painter; died 1642. Champlain explores Hie Ottawa River, with Ferdinand and Venice. I)e Solo discovers the Mississippi River. 1576 Ghent pacified. Canada. against The Ovcrbury murder, England. 1443 Battle of Nlasa : Turks again defeated. Velasquez subdues Cubs. 1542 Catherine Howard executed. Provinces in Holland unite 1445 Birth of Leonardo da Vinci. 1512 Selim I. made King of Turkey by Janis- Henry- VIII. takes the title of King of Spain. Louis XIII. assumes the exercise ot tbe The Arabian Knights issued (f). saries. Ireland. Accission of Rudolph II., of Germany. Corcmmcnt. 1447 Nicholas V. Pope- Ponce de Leon discovers the Florida Roberval's expedition to tbe SL Law- Frobisher enters San Francisco Day. Princess Elizabeth, of England, marries Duke of Gloucester murdered. rence. The Holy Catholic League organized. Frederic. Elector of Palatine. 1419 The Cforzas st Milan. Birth of Vasari, painter; died 1571. 1513 Ivon IV., the Terrible, reigns, at the oge 1576 Birth ol Burton; died 1040. 1014 English defeat Portuguese In Bombay. Alphonso V. at Aragon. Birth of Tintoretto, painter; died 1594. of fourteen. Birth ol Fletcher; died 1025. New Amsterdam, now New York, built by the Dutch. Peacock's "Repressor." 1 "' Henry VIII. marries Catherine Parr. 1677 Birlh ol Rubens, painter; died 1028. 1450 Jack Cade's insurrection. 1513 England "nvadcs Fram* Death of Copernicus; bom 1473. 1670 League of Utrecht. Smith explores the New England coast. Dutch settlements in New Jersey. Early English Ballads. Battle oi Guinegatc or Spurs ; French 1544 Orison League joins Swiss Confederacy. Northern provinces of Holland declare Birth ol Dunbar: died 1530. defeat France at war vvitli England and Spain. their Independence. Napier's Logarithms. 1451 University ol Glasgow founded. Scotland invades England. English invasion or France under Henry Fitzgerald's Irish rclielllon suppressed. 1015 Villicr's Duke of Buckingham, favorite. 1010 The present Tsing Dynasty in 1452 Earl Douglas murdered by James II. Battle of Fiodden Field ; Scots defeated. Mil. Sir Francis Drake lands in the Moluccas. China es- The Archduchy of Austria with Balboa crosses Portugal; the tablished by Mantchou Tartars. created, the Isthmus of Darien, Birth of Tasso ; died 1595. 1580 Alva, of Spain, conquers sovereign power, by Frederick III. and discovers the Pacific ocean. University of Konigsbcrg founded by united provinces renounce their allc- Death of Cervantes nnd Shakespeare. 1453 Constantinople raptured by Mohammed Leo X.. Pope, encourages literature and Duke Albert. Harvey discovers circulation ol blood. II. ; end of the Eastern Empire. the arts. 1645 Ivan IV. crowned by the Patriarch. Englirb take fortress of Smenvlck, in 1017 Ladlsiaus, of Poland, marches on Mos- End ol the French and English wars. 1514 Wolsry’s power begins in England. Pope Paul III. erects Parma and Pla- Ireland, from Italians, and butcher 700 —The Maurin Bible Issued. 1515 Battle of Marignano. ccntla Into a Duchy. prisoners. Einland ceded to Sweden. 1455 "71 War of the Rows, between Henry VI. Francis 1. defeats the Italians, Swiss and Ascham "Toxophilui." Birth of Alexander, • of Sterling; died 1018 The thirty years' war begins In Bohemia, snd tbe Duke of York, afterwards Ed- Germans. Council oi Trent. 1040. between the Protestants, under the ward IV. Maximililan I. secures the Hungarian 1546 Death of Martin Luther. 1581 Camplan'a Jesuit conspiracy suppressed. Elector Palatine, and the Catholic Ba- Battle of St. Albans. 11 l n. France concludes peace with England. 1582 8antc Fe, New Mexico, founded by Es- varian League. 1456 Battle ol Belgrade; Turks repulsed by Francis 1. Ix-comes King of France. Assassination of Beaton, regent of 8cot- pejo. Sir Waller Raleigh executed. Hungarians. First English prose history-. 1588 Birlh ol Hugo Grotlus; died 1045. Matthias II., ol Hungary, abdicates; se- 1457 Frederick III. divides Austria with bis Birth of St. Theresa; died 1582. 1540—'52 Charles V., of Cermany, makes war 1584 William of- Orange assassinated. cession ot Ferdinand 11. relatives. 1516 Death of Ferdinand, King ot Spain. on ilie Protestants, who arc assisted Ilenry III. killed by Jacques Clement; Australian coast surveyed by Zeacbcn 1458 Pius II. Pope at Rome. Rule of Cardinal Ximenes. later by- Henry 11. accession ol Henry IV., of Navarre, 1460 Birth of Skelton: died 1528. Charles I. King of Spain. 1547 Earl ol Surrey, England, executed. first of Bourbon line. Kepler’s Laws published. Tbe Turks conquer Greece. Accession of the House of Austria. Death of Henry Vlll. Expedition oi Amldas and Barlow to 1010 Execution oi Bamcveldt, Holland. 1461 Edward IV. deposes Henry VI. of Eng- Turks gain Egypt. Edward VI. reigns under protectorship Tho Dutch visit India and establish a land. 1517 Europeans first obtain a footing in China. of the Duke of Somerset. 1585 Southern provinces of Holland subdued united East India Company. Louis XL King of France. Selim I. defeats Mameluke* and adds Henry II. King of France. 1020 Battle of Prague; defeat of Hungarian 1462 Iran, the Great, of Bus-la, founds the Egypt to the Ottoman Empire. Battle of I'inkey. Treaty of Peace between Holland and Protestants. modern Ruslan Empire. Luther t-egins the work ol reformation Death of Victoria Colonna bom 14 England. Puritans arrive at Plymouth. ; 1463 Turkish war with Venice. in Germany. The Smalcadlc war. Failure ol Raleigh's Roanoke Island set- “Greot Patent” to Virginia company Is- Close ol Austria's war with Frederick Fernando de Cordora discovers the Mex- Birth ol Cervantes; died 1010 tlements. sued, III. ican coast 1548 Hall's Chronicle Issued. Davis Strait discovered hy Davis. Dutch vessels ^wlth first negro slaves 1464 “League of tbe Public Good," formed by Luther translates and publishes the Bible 1549 Execution of laird Seymour, England; 1580 Battle of Zutphen. tbe nobles, against I/xiis. and Liturgy in German. arrest of his brother, the Duke of Som* Sir Philip Sydney killed. Navarre annexed to France. 1467 Birth of Erasmua; died 1536. Birth ol Surrey; died 1547. Birth of Beaumont; died 1010. 1021 Spain and Holland at War. 1468 The Corentary mysteries. 1518 Grijalva penetrates into Yucatan, and 1550 John Knox's Scotch reformation. 1587 Prince Maurice becomes Stadtholdcr of Philip IV. King of Spain. 1470—*92 Loreano de Medici flourished. name, it New Spain. Udal, earliest English comedy. Oollud. The Dutch West India Company formed. 1471 League of Kalian cities against the 1519 Cortez lands in Mexico. Birth of Coke; died 1034. Execution ol Mary Queen of Scots at Lord Bacon impeached and overthrown. Turks. Charles I., of Spain, elected Emperor ol 1551 Wilson's Art of Rhetoric published. Erotheringay Costlc. 1622 Seldom and Pyin imprisoned. William establishes first English Carton Germany os Charles V. 1652 The Book of Common Prayer published 1588 Assassination of the Duke of Guise and Birlh oi Mollcre ; died 1073. pnnting-preaa. 1520 “Field ol the Cloth of Cold" meeting of In England. his brother, by order of tbe King. 1023 New Hampshire first settled. Battle of Tewkesbury. Francis I. with Henry VIII. Duke ol Somerset beheaded. Destruction of the Spanish Armada off First edition of Shakespeare's work* Warwick, king-maker. Balboa plows through Magi lien’s Metz successfully defended by the Duke 1624 Richelieu's reforms, begins with tha Birtb of Durer, painter; died 1528. Straits. of Guise. 1500 Battle ol Ivry. 1478 Birth of Copernicus. 1521 Battle of Razzu ; Russia defeats Poland. Close of religious war In Cermany by Henry IV. defeats the League. England declares war with 8paln. Birth of Michael Angelo, architect and Martin Luther excommunicated at the Ibe Peace ol Passan. Bamevaldt, grand Pensionary of Hoi- 1025 Prince Frederick Henry reigns In Hoi- sculptor; died 1556. Diet oi Worms. Massacre ol Cavan, Russia. 1474 Birth ol Ariosto; died 1683. Conquest ol Mexico by Cortez. Birth ol Sir Walter Raleigh; died 1018. 1501 Birth of Herrick; died 1074. Accession of Ferdinand III., of Hungary. Ferdinand II., Aragon, marries Isa- of Henry YHJ., styled the "Defender of the 1553 Mary Tudor, daughter ol Catherine of 1592 Sigismund, of Poland, In Sweden. Accession of King Charles I., of Eng- bells, of Leon Castile. and Faith” by the Pope. Aragon, succeeds Edward, July 0. Birth of Quarles: died 1044. land ; ho marries Prlncea Henrietta I 1476 Edward IV. Invades Franc*. France and Spiln at war. Lady Jane Cray proclaimed Queen of Birth oi Gassendi; died 1065. Maria, of France. Ivan introduces cannon and firearms 1522 Cortex made governor of Mexico by England, July 10, but relinquishes the 1593 Henry IV. adopts the Catholic faith. Huguenot uprising. into Bomia. ^ title. 1694 Birth ot Shirley ; died 1060. 1020 Death of Lord Bacon. SUPPLEMENT XIV. SUPPLKMKST XVI. SUPPLEMENT XVII. : SUPPLEMENT XVIII. ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY. Sweden revolted Irom Ihc foreign yoke 1910 French •trainer The principle mlnlitcrlol responsibility 1520 adopted In the imperial government. and under GusUvu* Vasa, her future damage Great reduction of the army. king, became Independent In 1523. I Paris ; Vasa died 1500. over 9300,000,(100. A personal liberty (a kind ol habeas cor- Gustavus In estimated l cral reform. aviation pus) bill passed. 1523 Lutheran religion established In Den- 1018 French sena j adopted military » empire. 1804 The quarrel with Denmark s In t cost 91,000,000 u year. Serious inudations throughout the program wills .....kingdom. 1803 Unsuccessful insurrection In Poland. 1637 Catholocism suppressed and church lands PRUSSIA. Danes ore defeated and forced ii Transylvania accepts the constitution and annexed lo the crown. The render the duchies. sends deputies to the Rclcbjrath. 1011 Guitavus Adolphus, the Lion King of the 1780 Death of Frederick the Great, Aug. 17. Peace restored, Oct. 30. German sovereigns meet at Frankfort. North ond Bulwark of Protestantism War with France In consequence ol the The Gasteln convention. F'cdcral Constitution reformed. In Germany, became king of Sweden. 1805 French revolution. It gives great offence to tho German Gsllelo and Cracow declared In a slate Ho was an Important factor In the Battle ol Vatmy, Sept. 20. Thirty Years’ ond killed at Diet. ol ol siege. War was ~ Decisive deleat ol the Prussian army AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. Wor with Denmark, about Schleswig- the battle of Lutzen In 1032. ssla Invasion. with Charles XII. became king ol Sweden. Danlzlc acquires Pi Holstein; meeting ol the Emperor 1004 ’ Prussia seizes and r* between Prussia and Austria, and prov- . . . . 1772 Austria acquire* flnllcia, and other King ol Prussia, June 22; peace with After engaging In successful war with their respective allies. inces, Irani Polunil. Denmark, Oct. 30. Russia he was defeated by Peler the Warsaw ceded lo Prussia In the partition Austria defeated. 1780 Vaaalagc abolished In lluugury. Austria supports the German Confedera- Great at Pultowa in 1700 and became ol Poland. Saxony and Holstein Invaded by l’rut- 1702 War with France logins. tion in the dispute respecting the n fugitive. 1797 Frederick William HI., of Prussia, be- •la. The Austrians victorious at the battles 1702 Gustavus III. assassinated ond succeeded . comea Emperor ol Germany. 1703 duchies. several IV. latter In- Prussia makes peace with the ol Nccrwlndcn and Qutsnoy. Great financial difficulties In the empire; by Gustavus The being .. . Prussians seize llanovcr. German state*. 1700 The Austrian* defeated at the battle ol reforms resolved upon. 1805 Treaty of Vienna. North German Confederation formed, Concessions made to Hungary, and a 1809 Charles XIII. e > the tl Downfall of the German Empire. Aug. 18. note liberal manner ol governing the Sweden. Prussia seizes llanover, Posen. 1807 Formation of the new Zollvereln Includes empire Introduced. 1810 F'or want of a legitimate heir, Bern a- Prussia joint the alliance against France. Corvo, — - Bavaria, Wurtemburg, Baden, Hesse, stadt, Itoseredo, and elsewhere. Convention of Gasteln with Prussia lor dottc, prince o( Ponte Battle* ol Jena and Auerstadt. “’ ' Darmstadt, and Prussia. 1707 Treaty ol Catnpo Formlo. disposal ol the Danish duchies. Napoleon’s marshals, s elected c Prussia succumb* lo Napoleon. the ISOS South German military commission ap- The Emperor surrenders Lombardy to Austria receive* the temporary govern- prince ol Sweden. Napoleon issues the Berlin decree. pointed. Napoleon, and obtains Venice. Holstein, nnd the promise ol 1814 Norway taken Irom Denmark and given ment of war against Germany. Bergen. Prussia. lo Sweden as Indemnity for her losses 1870 Frame declares )c-hall of Ills do- Additional defeats at Zurich and 2,500,000 Danish dollars from , _ 1700 Munich, Stuttgart, and other cities, de- Austrians by the French at suppressing the in Finland by the allies, ond Lauren- minions to Iho King ol Prussia. 1800 Driest of Rescript ol the Emperor with North Germany. Monte- grant- was given to Denmark In ex- clare lor union Berlin. buttles ol Engcn, May 3 ; Constitution lor the purpose of berg 1803 Convention of the Wurtemburg. Iletse, Darmstadt Marengo, June It: lloch Bavaria, Serfdom abolished In Prussia. bello, June 0; ing Independence to Hungary. Prussia. throne of and Baden support with Rus- studt, June 19; llonenllndcn, Dec. 3: Emperor visits Pcsth, Hungary. 1818 Bcmadottc ascended the 8wcdm *’• Prussia concludes an alliance The Germans. 1 his descendants arc Invasion of France b." e Austria. Mlnelo, . Dissatisfaction In the rest ol the empire. and Norway, where sia and and paralleled success German loss of more Aus- Prussia, Bavaria, llcsse- •till sealed. The F'rench evacuate ncrlln, March 1. 1801 Treaty ol l.uncvllle; I Quarrel svlth 1803 Insurrection in Schleswig-Holstein nnd ol Liberation begun. territory. ( ousel, Saxony, Hanover, Wurtemburg, The War trian The Emperor Napoleon III. and two of Germany becomes Francis on the Holstein Luurcnbcrg, assisted by Prussia and Uprising ol the people. 1804 Francis II. and Hcsse-Darmstadt armies made prisoners by lire Austria, resulted In the loss ol these French The "Lanilivehr" formed. I. ol Austria. question. Germans. War with France declared by Francis. Nassau and Franklort allied with Aus- provinces to Denmark. Battle ol Leipiic, OcL 10. 1805 Denmark. North German Parliament opens at Bcr- General Key deleuts Austrians at Elchin- Christian IX. crowned king ol 1814 The allies Invade F'rance. between Austria 1872 Oscar II. ascended the throne ol Sweden Complete deleat ol Nopolcon. gen anil Ulm. The German-Itallon Thc German empire formed. Napoleon. ond Norway. The Prussians occupy the F'rench capital. I Vienna by enters Silesia. Imperial Crown offered to the King Archduke 1893 Viking ship built at Christiana, Sweden, The Treaty ol Paris. _ ..I Austerlltr. The Italians defeated by .... World's F'air at of Prussia, Dec. 10. Vienna Germanic Confedera- Complete dclcat ol Austrians nnd Ilus- Albrecht, June ...24, .. battlo of CNislova. ond sailed for the 1815 Congress of ; King William I., ol Prussia, proclaimed Saxony and In- Chicago, April 9. Dr. Nansen, the Arc- 1871 tion formed. The Prussians occupy ol at Versailles. tic explorer, sailed Irom Christiana, Emperor Ccrmany Prussia enter* the Holy Alliance. Treaty ol Prcsburg. vade Bohemia. Chancellor. Prince Bismarck become* Establishment of Ihc Ministry »f Educa- Venice. ol the Austrians nt battle ol 1817 Austria surrenders the Tyrol and Be feat Successful close of the F'rench war. 1900 Frederick VIII succeeded to the throne ol tion. The French evacuate Vienna. Nocho*. June 27. The Germans occupy Paris, and deprive dissolved. decisive defeat of the Denmark, Jan. 29. 1818 Formation of Ihc Prussian Zollvereln. The Germanic Conlcdcmtion Batlle of Skalltz; France ol Alsace and Iaarralnc. army, under Bencdek, at So- 1911 Discovery ol South Pole by Capt. Roald 1810 Congress ol Carlsbad. Death ol Marshal The Austrian King abdicates. Austrian Treaty ol peace France rallflcd, ol Austrians. Amundsen. Blurher, Sept. 12. 1800 Battle ol Ahensberg; dclcot down, July 3. May X* and In- 1912 F’redcrlek VIII. died; and Christian X. Accession of Frederick William IV,, of Second capture ol Vienna, by the F'rencb ; Venetia ceded to France. July 4, proclaimed king ol Denmark, May 16, the city restored Oct. 21. tervention requested. over at Copenhagen. 1844 Attempt to assassinate the King ol I’rus- 1810 Marriogc ol the Archduchess Marla Louise, Great victory by the Austrian Beet July 20. 'aughter ol Francis II., to Napoleon I., the Italian fleet, at Llssa, ogrred upon between Aus- ..prll 1. An armistice 1872 The Jesuits expelled Irom the empire, Prussia, July 22; peace ol 1814 Downfall ol Napoleon. tria and July 5. 12 . Congress ol sovereigns at Vienna. Nlcholsburg. Aug. 80. Emperors ol Germany, Meeting of the The Constituent Assembly meet* In Bran- Treaty ol Vienna. Hanover, IImk-CukI. Nnss Austria, at Berlin, Sept. 0. 1816 Russia, and denburgh Castle, Nov. 29. The King Franklort gained by Prussia. - premiership ol Austria regains Bismarck rmlgns the dissolves the Assembly, and Issues a additions. Austria roll German i with GERMANY. new Constitution, Die. 6. kingdom estab- federation. elections. Tho Lombardo- Venetian . , Liberals succeed In the minister. 1873 National The German Notional Assembly offer the Baron Von Bcnst made prime 1705 Joseph II. Incomes Emperor. Catholic lished. Troubles with the Roman Imperial Crown of Germany lo the Diet assembles. The Emperor makes great concessions b> 1700 Lorraine ceded to France. 1825 Hungarian King ol Prussia, March 28, Ho de- I. F’erdlnand I. suc- Galicia. Convention between Prussia ami Austria. 23. 1836 Death ol Francis ; 1709 Monetary reform law passed, June lor clines II, April 29. ' liberal Constitution partition ol Po- new and very 1772 Germ. shares In the ol I ceeds him. A my Germany receives the last payment Martial law declared throughout the Treaty of commerce with England. the empire adopted. Independent kingdom, May 10. I. crowned Emperor at Milan. Hungary constituted 1788 War with Turkey. Ferdinand Occupation ol Carlsruhe by the Prussians, Insurrection at Vienna. 1700 Leopold II. becomes Emperor. * v - ' Mettemlch, Andrassy elected President of Hungarian 1701 Conference between Emperorr Flight ol Prince The revolution In Baden completely crushed. Frederick of Prussia. Insurrections in Italy, crushed. Vienna. ' Accession ol Francis II. of Austria. Another Insurrection 1702 The King take* the oath lo the new Con- 15- and Queen of Hungary. Rhenish provinces. 1S50 Emperor flees I Inspruck, May crowned King 1793 Revolt in the withdrawn upon receiving The Resignation stitution, Feb. tl. Pmsslans seize Dantxic and acquire , a vole ol confldencv. Attempt to assassinate the King, May 22. appointed Viear-Gcn- clergy’ of the Roman Catholic church The Archduke John 1SI1S The The Imperial Bank bill adopted. Treaty ol peace with Denmark. 29. amenable to the civil law. Warsaw’ ceded to Prussia In the division cral ol the Empire, May made 1705 Visit ol Ihc Emperor to Italy, Aug. Prussia refuses to Join the restricted Diet meets at marriage authorized. of Poland. Catholic A Constitutional Assembly Civil Covemmcnt aid withdrawn Irom ol Frankfort. State assumes the control ol secular War with F’rance. Vienna, July 22. The .. Austria of her intention Accession of Frederick William III., of Third Insurrection in Vienna. education. 1707 Germany takes part In the Eastern quet- uphold Constitution In llesse- Dalmatia against the Count Latour murdered, Oct. 0. 1SOO Serious outbreaks Casscl. Sept. 21. conscription. Prussians seize Hanover. War with Sardinia. 1S01 Visit of Oner Victoria t The Prussian army occupies Hesse, Nov. repealed. lines the Revolution In Hungary. 1870 The Concordat Treaty ol Lunevillc; Germany Trouble with Roman Catholic Church. declared In the Franco-Pniolau the Italinn states and ter- Imperial troops capture Ilanb nnd dclcat Neutrality Netherlands, Inundations in Prussia. The Prussian troops withdraw from Ba- the Rhine. Hungarians, at Szlklszo and Mohr. ritories west ol The Czar ol Russia visit* Germans-. 1804 Francis II. renounces the title ol Em- The Emperor Ferdinand abdicates In fa- t ide ol law* enacted March 21. Tbc Convention ol Olmutz remove* the peror ol and assumes that ol resigna- vor ol his nephew, Francis Joseph. Germany, Second resignation of Bismarck; the trouble, and restores peace In- cause ol relorms In f government Emperor ol Austria. 1819 Sardinia forced to make peace. 1S71 F’urthor tion again withdrawn. lo Germany, Nov. 20. itituted. the Emperor Constitution granted. Attempt to assassinate 1851 Visit ol the King lo Russia. 14. adopted looking Na|Ktleon establishes kingdoms ol socialist. It Hungary declares independence, April Measures llam by 1 1 oriel, a May blog re-rstablUhi-s the Council of **- nationalities~ cm- 1S52 Th-- ol all ! Wurtemburg and Bavaria. the Kossuth proclaimed Governor. scnlotlon second attempt to assassinate the state a* It existed prior lo 1848. the er Dissolution ol the German Empire. Total defeat of Hungarians at Srcgeden. braced In 1S00 peror, who is wounded. 1853 Plot against the government discovered suppressed, Austria recognizes • German Confcd- Formation of the Confederation of the •’* — takes charge ol The revolution in Hungary In Uerlin. alter a severe struggle. 1854 Wavering policy ol Iho government i Vienna. ' Catholic movement nt Prussians seize Hanover. ' George ol llanover. Count Bnthyany executed. Old Dc King •peeling t‘ p- Slavonian conservatives declared against Napoleon, Sept. 24. - 1850 Convention ol Olmuls. Rivalry between War constitutionalists ; over- Auerstadt and Jcnu ; F'rench 1851 The Emperor revokes the Constitution of and' German Battles ol Berlin, Oct. 21. 1840. throw ol Bcust. enter Prussia enters Into treaty with Austria. appointed Minister of Foreign kingdom ol Westphalia established ovipapers 1862 Trial by jury abolished In the F.mpli Andrasay 1807 The 1855 Prussia not allowed to take part In the Napoleon. 1853 Libcnyi attempts to assassinate the F Affairs. by Conference at Vienna. Electoral Law. Tilsit between France peror. 1872 Change in the Treaty o* 1850 Takes part In the Conference at Paris. Emperors ot Berlin. government. Commercial treaty with Prussia. Meeting ol Ihc ,K rou me* the Crown Prince becomes Regent III Prus- Emperor ol Germany anil Serfdom abolished in Prussia. adopted. 9. 1854 The Austrians enter the Danublan pi 1873 Visit of the 1808 Protectionist*' hill May Italy to Vienne Germany annexed lo France. Andrassy. clpalltlcs. King of 1810 North Meeting ol Bismarck and Quarrel with Switzerland about Ncufeha- Exhibition Vienna, 1812 alliance concluded with Austria and 1850 Amnesty granted to the Hungarian Intcrnntlonol An Vienna, September. tcl. ' goes Into litlcal offenders of 1848, '49, by opened May Code ot laws passed l 1877 Prussia relinquishes her claim lor a pe- In tho elections. Liberation, against Napoleon, Emperor. Tbc~icderoliita 'defeated 1S13 The War ol operation. cuniar)- compensation. in the empire. state. 1857 ' Quarrel with Sardinia, nnd diplomatic 1S74 Relorms 1550 Small 1857 Serious lllncaa ol the King. Russia. evacuate Berlin, March 4. latlons suspended. Visit ol the Emperor to The F'rench Bavaria on *tam|i The Prince of Prussia, Emperor William Austria condemned against France, March 10. The Danublan provinces evacuated. Ecclesiastical luws ol War declared I„ made llegenl. Pope. Silesia Invaded by Napoleon, May Visit of the Emperor nnd Empress by the -» u'-' yield. 1858 Prince Frederick William, ..... ex Emperor. Nejr defeated by Bluchcr Katxbach, parly formed. August. Princess Hungary. Death ol Ferdinand — , “New Liberal" Crown Prince, married lo tile Italy. 1869 War with France and Sardinia. 1876 Visit ol the Emperor to Aug. 10. 1551 German Reichstag opened. Feb. 10. lloyul ol FInglood. crisis. completely defeat Napoleon the October Austrians cross the Ticino and enter P Great financial The Liberal* successful In 1850 F’ranco-ltallon war. Change In the bed of the Danube. Leipslc. Oct. lfl. elections. Prussia remains neutral, but thraalcnlng. proclaimed. invaded by the allies. - -- Austrians defeated nt Montebello, May 1870 New marriage law 1814 France 1382 Imperial rescript ol Jan. . 1800 F'cdcral Diet maintains Ilcise-Cassrl Con- Austria lakes n leading part in the east- Battles of Brienne, Croon, and Laon. rights ol the Emperor, nnd slight against Prussia. 20 Pales! ro. May 3 ), 31. treme stitution ; Vienna. m-“"- question. 1SI6 Congress ot^ constitutional restraint* ; rescript King upon the death Nupoleon III. declares war with Austria, ern ^ 1801 William I. becomes declared ... explanation. IV.. Usy ?' Neutrality _ II, si by ol Ida brother, Frederick William . .,..i m the Turkish Melcgnano. — Formstic Disastrous floods in Germany. Dec. 0. 2. Battles ol Magenta, June ; Jan. June *•* tlon. 1553 Grand celebration in Berlin upon National Association meet* at Heidelberg. June 8, and Sollerlno, Ber- down. i the 1817 Insurrection In Breslau put anniversary ol the t student, attempt* to of which Austria suffers defeat. twcnty-fllth Dcchcr, a Leipzig ISIS The Zollvcrcin (commercial union) of the Crown Prince Death ol Prince Metternlch. riage assassinate the King. and Herzegovina, Konlgs- Armistice between the Austrians and “ol "Bosnia The King and Queen crowned at ” with the fonner. 1810 Anti-revolutionary Congress o( Carlsbad. appoints the King ol Spain allies agreed upon, July 0, and war The Emperor Andrassy. Death ol Goethe, Ccrman poet. Schhwlg- Hol- declares the Emperors of France and 1879 Designation ol Count 1832 lo the command ol the 1802 The Nstlonal Ascmbly at Berlin Meeting ol the Prin- states join the Zollvereln. 1S81 The Archduke Rudolph inornes 1833 Other Ccrman stein Uhlan regiment. Sept. 27. In favor ol unification. Austria, July 11. the Zoll- "' Stephanie, Belgium. 1834 Thuringia und Saxony join of William P Wagner, German defeated In the elections. Peace ol Villa Franca, July 12. cess Death The government Raah, Hungary. Inundated by composer, aged 60, Count Bismarck flehonhauson made Pre- Austria surrenders Lombardy 1SS3 IV., the Danube- lives""*— lost,1 Jan.' 0. 1S40 Accession of Frederick William of of the Great Powers upon Chamber Informed by hirn dinia. ol 1554 Conference mier. The Theatre, Vienna. finances, Aug. deferred until l"’'" troubles In Hungary' 1854 Burning ol the Egyptian that the Budget Is Further •*— ‘ 1844 Attempted assassination of the Prussian occupies Caroline Islands, the deputies against till revolution. May 10. Germany protest ol u F.mpcror and the Czar King. Sept. 30. The Emperor grants Increased privileges 1855 Meeting ol the unconstitutional, Kremsler. Aug. 25. 1S4S Insurrection In Berlin, and revolutionary Budget passed by the Chamber of to the Protestants. Russia nt The the Emperor with the I movements throughout Germany. without the amendment ol I Treaty ol Zurich, Nov. 10; permanent Moiling ol Peers Germany at Gusteln, Aug. German National Assembly meets in peace with France and Sardinia. peror of Chamber Crown Prince suicides, Jan. 30. F'rankfort. The Chamber declares the act of tl 1800 The Emperor removes the disabilities 1SS9 the Emperor Francis Joseph visits Bet 1849 The German National Assembly elects Peers unconstitutional, Oct. 11. Germany, King of Prussia Emperor of Close of the session of the Chambers b per- March 1800 The^olhschlldl protest against the March 28. Frederick III. becomes Emperor, the King. Oct. 13. May 11. lie declines the honor, ond recalls Ihc quarrel between 11 the annexation secution ol the Jews. 11 . 1603 Continuation ol the Austria protests against the Assembly. ol Auslro-German new commercial Prussian members ol Wilhelm II., Emperor, e IS.-- Government nnd the Chandler. q| the Italian duchies by the King 1891 Stuttgart. F'rankfort Assembly remove* to Agreement signed, June closes the session a second Sardinia. April 2. 1SS9 Samoan The King House wrecked Austria protests against alliance ol Pros- succeeds Bismarck to govern without the press further retained 1004 Members Hungarian 1890 Von Caprlvl lime, and resolve* Tho liberty of German Stutcs, 1850. Chamber in riot. Bee. 13. sla and smaller ccllor, March 19. a Parliament. May 27. renewed troubles In Hungary. and Empress ol Austria. Treat)' between Bavaria, Saxony Heligoland transferred German)' by Severe restrictions Imposed upon The Itelchsrnth granted legislative powers, 1S9S Elizabeth, 1803 Wurtemburg, Feb. 27. Aug. June 1. control ol the finances, etc. sinalcd, Sept England, 0. .... pies*. the by meets nt Erlurt. Paris, Feb. - particlpa- Annexation ol I Herzegovina Parliament 1391 The Empress F’rledrlch visits Tbo Prince disavows 1S01 Amnesty granted lor political offenses In 1908 at October. The German Confederation meets the r Croatia, Austria-Hungary. i Hungary, Frankfort, Sept. 2. 1009 Threatened war with Scnia, regulations enforce latry, • Ihc forces of Rigid passport war preparations had been Hcsse-Cossel invaded by 1804 War ' Bavaria, and Prussia, Nov. 12. Alsace Lorraine. Austria. April 2 duchies. Confed- Death ol Gen. Von Moltke, 1851 Reassembly ol Diet ol German F.mperor, Holstein Invaded by Prussia. The new Constitution for Austrian 1S03 Princess Morgaret, sister of the eralion ot Frankfort. Frederick Denmark port* blockaded. tnonorchy published. discovered. weds Prince Charles 1853 Insurrectionary [ilot In Berlin _ Denmark forced to give up the duchies, Civil nnd political rights granted to Hesse, Jan. 1857 Revision ol the German Confederation. make peace. — ol William I and Protestants throughout German Unveiling ol I c Meeting ol an assembly of the Treaty signed, Oct. 30. Hungary anil Bremen. cept In Confederation at F'rankfort, at the call Ihc government and the Cro- chancellorship ol I 1S05 Quarrel between Iron i Hungary, resigns the 1801 No deputies present 1894 Caprlvl over the army ' — SCANDINAVIA. v Clumber ol Deputies Transylvania, Empire and is succeeded by Prince atia, Troubles in llesse-Casscl. **-- llelchsralh,"~ April 29. budget. ....meeting of o Har- elector restored by the Confederation. Hohcnlohe. rejected the king pro- restoration Most of Norway was united under The German veterans The budget being The Hungarians demand Hie stales, manl- 1805 Grand celebration by declares old Hnarlager about the end ol the 1S59 Bavaria, and other German Cr rogue* the parliament, and of the Constitution ol 184S. d,o twenty-filth anniversaries ol century. iest a willingness to assist Austria he will rule without It Constitution for the em- ninth elollc. Sedan, elc. The new liberal became king of agulnst the French In Italy. arbitrarily seizes and dispose* Hungary. 1305 Albert ol Mecklenburg and nival demonstration The King pire lolls lo satisfy Quarrel with Denmark about Celebration July Sweden. 1500 of i i revenue, Military levy taxes in Hungary. Kiel on account ol tho opening Margaret, the Scmlroml* duchies begins. Convention ol Outrln. Entire Independence refused Hungary by 1335 great canal connecting the Baltic w Denmark. This great Federal Diet maintains lli-sse- Cased Con- Bismarck v Napolron III., at Pari*. become n ol North Sra. the Emperor. July 21. stitution against Prussia. the demands the surrender of Hungary protests. Aug. 20. Bismarck died, July 30. The Diet ol Denmark became confederate Holsleln-Schleswlg dispute with Denmark. ISOS Prince by Prussia ond Austria, which dissolved. Aug. 21. 1337 Norway and Great coal strike, January. and is re- Death ot Frederick William IV.; neces 1905 kingdoms, under one ruler, nnd 1801 valley, June 12; The magistrates nt Pcsth resign 1910 Great Hood In r mained so until 1814. slon ol William I. ity with Belgium. Military government established in Hun- Heidelberg. ol Colmar, Sweden Joimd National Assembly meets at Attempt Bismarck’* life, May 7. December. 1407 By the Treaty German Beet made friendly visit to United gary. in — “ kingdom,•«"* Attempted assassination of the King. 1912 War with Austria and her allies. Hungarian revolu- the confederacyj or Scandinavian 18(72 Amnesty granted to ' king 1S02 The National Assembly, ot Berlin, de- Battle of Sadowa, total defeat of 1448 Christianuniutiao • -I Oldenburg became mayor elected. unification. Greater Berlin’s first und lidded Schleswig and Holstein to clares in favor of Minister. Croat coal strike. the kingdom. Bismarck becomes Prime SUPPLEMENT XIX. SUPPLEMENT XX. i SUPPLEMENT XXL ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY. 1523 The Monroe dextrin*, June IS, 1837 Great financial crash and panic through- 1S4S Great fire In SL Louis. 1SDS Dispute with England respecting the right 1S61 Confederate privateer "Nashville" .-scapes hnt gii company in New Ywt. Prof. Webster murders Dr. Parkman, of search. from Charlealon, 8- C., Oct. 11. opened Pint teachers' seminary in Con- Hamden origlnalc* the exprevs business. Completion of the first Atlantic telegraph, Repulse of Confederate ram and five ships Michigan admitted into the Union. United’ State* gold dollar first coined. 0t South West l'aas., Oct. 12. 1524 The principle* of Robert Owen preached. California adopts a constitution prohib* Death of Thomas H. Benton. April 16. Escape of Mason and Slidell from Charles- Pin* first made be machinery. Wilkes’ exploring expedition to the’ South fling slavery. Congress passe* kill admitting Kansas un- Pint reformatory ichool founded in New Pole. Death of James K. Polk, Juno 15. der pro-slavery constitution. Aug. 30. Battle of Fredcrlcktown, Mo. ; flight of York. United States Bank suspends specie pay- 1549 Filibustering expeditions against Cuba Exciting campaign of Lincoln and Dougla* Jeff Thompson, Oct. 21. Act passed to protect and encourage cot- forbidden by the President. in Illinois. Recapture of Lexington, Mo., hy Union Mormon war in Missouri. Visit of Father Mathew, the temperance Minnesota admitted as a state, May 19. troops. Convention with Great Britain to sup- IStO Interne political excitement advocate. Seward announce* his "irrepressible con- Gen. Sherman appointed to the command press slave trade. March 1L The. Log Cabin camnaigu. Capt. Mlnie invents the Minic conical filet" doctrine. of Kentucky forces. _ Convention with ltu«ria in relation to Election of William Henry Harrison as bullet. Baltic of Ball's Bluff; Col. Baker killed, northwest boundary, April 5. President. Mason and Dixon's line surveyed. by overwhelming 'majority,* Aug. 3. Oct. 21. Arrival of Lafayette on a visit to the Coylyear invents vulcanised rubber. Cholera visits the United States, severe First message acres, the Atlantic cable. Zagohyl defeats Confederates at Spring- U. S. The first steam fire engine constructed at Cincinnati and St. Louis. from Victoria to the President, Aug. Id. field. Mo.. Ocf. 20. Election of John Quincy Adams as Prcsi- by Ericsson. California Constitution formed, at Mon- Peruvians capture two American vessels. Gen. Scott resigns command of the army. Sub-Treasury bill becomes a law, June terey. Burning of steamshln “Austria," Ham- Gen. McClollnn succeed* him. 1525 The Capitol at Washington completed. Great riot at Astor Place Opera House, burg to New York; nearly 500 live* Soldiers' Aid Society formed at Detroit, First edge tool manufactory established. First Washingtonian Society founded. New York. lo.l. Nov. 1. trapper, over- Smith, a performs the first Adams' Express Company organ lied. 1550 Treaty with England for a transit way 1S59 Tim Island of San Juan, near Vancouver's Commodore Wilkes, of "San Jacinto," land journey to California, and found W tikes discovers Antarctic continent. across Panama. Island, occupied by United States takes Southern Commissioners, Muson 1541 William II. Harrison Inaugurated. March French Ambassador dismissed from Wash- nnd Slidell, from British steamer Departure of Lafayette for Fiance, 4, die* April 4 : John Tyler, Vlce-Prwi- The Kcninn organization perfected. "Trent." In West Indian water*. dent, inaugurated President, April 0. 00x1?°"’ John C. Calhoun. March 31. Treaty with l'araguny signed, Feb. 10. Port Royal bombarded, Nov. 7. lots Deaths of Thomas Jefferson and John McLeod difficulty. passes Congress the Oregon Donation Oregon admitted ns a Stale. Feb. 14. Baltic of Rclniont ; Grant's first fight. Webster'* (Noah) Dictionary fint pub- Law. Drake bores flrtt oil well at Titusville, Copturc of Tjlicc Island, commanding Convention with Great Britain concern- Uncle Tom'* Cabin firvt published. Pa. Savannah, taken Dec. 20. ing indemnities. Sub-Treasury bill repealed, Aug. 9. Matches first made by machinery. Great storm in the Northern and South* Charleston Harbor shut by sinking slono Fiftieth anniversary of American Inde- Bankruptcy Act beenmus a law, Aug. 18. Fugitive Slave Law passed. fleet, Dec. 21. pendence, July 4. Imprisonment for debts due the govern- Death of Zachary Tavlor, July 9. Daniel K. Sickles shoots Philip Darlon Gatling gun Invented by J. Gatling. Great antl-maaon excitement. ment abolished. Crinncll Arctic Expedition sails. Key, Feb. 27. Death of Sam Houston, Oct. 8. Abduction of William Morgan. Greeley establishes the New York Trl- California admitted as a Free State, Knnsa. Free Slate party frame* n Slate Kentucky admitted inlo Confederate Baron Von Humboldt visits the United Sept. 9. constitution at Wyandotte. States, Dec. 9. States. 1542 Klngford produce* the first sample of New Mexico and Utah organlied os ter- Vicksburg Convention dcclure* In favor of Battle of Martinsbnrg, Vo. ; Gen. Pope, opening of the Erie Canal. Oct. 26. pure com starch. ritories, Sept. 9. reopening slave trade. May 11. Union, capture* 1,300 prisoners, Dec. , Duel between Henry Clay and John Mutiny on United States brig of war Visit ul Jenny Lind to America, Sept. 12. Publication of Worcester'* Unabridged 18. Randolph. “Somer*” instigated by Midshipman Dahigren innnts the cast-iron gun. Delano's 1S02 Indian massacre in Minnesota. first fire-proof safes Spencer. 1851 Appearance of Hie great sea serpent San Juan Island occupied by General Har- Battle of Blue Gap. V«„ Jan. S. 1S27 Treaty with Creek Indians concluded. The Fourier community excitement. Completion of Erie railroad. ney, July D. Death of John Tyler, Jan. Treaty with the Kansas Indians, and the 8. Fremont's expedition to the Rocky Moun- Corner-stone of Capitol extension laid. Appearance of flic potato hug. great and little "Ericwon" Monitor launched at Green- Osgis July 4. Treaty with Election of Republican officer* in Kansas, point, Jan. 30. the Republic of Colombia. Ashburton nr firvt Washington Treaty Firvt Asylum for Idiots established In Dec. 6. Edwin M. Stanton, of Pennsylvania, be- • Continued Intense excitement over the signed, with England, Aug. 9. New York. Comstock Great Bonanza Mine purchased comes Secretary of War, Simon Cam- Bunker Hill monument completed. Vl^ilance^ California Committee formed. for an Indian pony and a quantity of eron, of Pennsylvania, retiring Jan. IS. First railroad built at Quincy. Uana- Termination of war with Seminole*. Battle of Mill chusrttx. and operated Spring*. Ky. ; Zolllcoffcr by hotse power. Lucifer matches firvt nude by machinery. London, Eng. 1S2S Passage of the Treaty with Mexico signed. defeated hy Union troops, under Gen. Protective Tariff BilL President vctoc* bill for National Bank. Frightful catastrophe Sandpaper at public school Grand Embassy from Japan, with treaty George 11. Thomas, Jan. 19. and emery first made. Dorr rebellion in Rhode Island. First locomotive Introduced from Eng- of iwacc. etc. Bankrupt Act repealed, March 3. Congressional Library destroyed by fire, land. by the Tour of the Prince of Wales. by naval' forces' "'under Commirtore"™! Delaware and Hudson Death of Ilr. Channirg. Oct. 2. Doc. 24. Hall', expedition to tlm Polar Sea. H. Foote, Feb. 6. 1 Canal Company. 1843 William Miller and the "Millcrite*." 1852 Dispute with England about the fish- Baltimore railroad Arrival at New York of the Great Eastern. Roanoke Island, N. C„ captured hy Gen. and Ohio commenced. *30,000 voted by Congress to aid Morse to June 28. Burnside and Commodore Coldshorough, Congress makes provirion for oSeers of establish telegraph line*. Expedition to Japan, under Com. Perry. 1500 Election of Mr. Pennington as Speaker of Fremont explores Columbia River, Wil- First street-railway in New York. the House. Fort Donclson, Tcnn., surrendered Democrat and Republican first chosen lamct to Gen. Valley, and Klamath Lake. Deaths of Henry Clay, June 26, and elected President, by their respective political Abraham Lincoln Nov. Orant. Feb. 10. pmle*. Great comet visible during the day. Danirl Webster, Oct. 24. General Jackson elected President. 0. South Carolina passes the "Ordi- Confederate Congress meets at Richmond, Death of Noah Webster. Treaty of Commerce with Chill. Treaty of nance of Secession,” Iwing the first Va.. Feb. IS. Peace with Brazil and Buenos Wilder's patent for fire-proof safe. Branch mint established in San Fran- State of the Union to accede, Dec. 20. Jefferson Davis inaugurated President of 1844 Explosion of the pm. the "peacr-maK- cisco. Planing mill Meeting or Senatorial Committee of Thir- Southern Confederacy, for ilx years, first patented. cr." killing the Secretaries of Navy .Andrew Franklin Pierce circled President. teen, Dec. 21. Feb. 22. 1529 Jackson. President, opposes the and State. 1 S53 Crystal Palace, New York, opened. transfers bis of project to recharter the of Major Anderson command Battle Pc* nidge. Ark.; Cen. Mc- Bank the Commercial treaty with China. Treaty with Mexico, for United purchase of from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter. Culloch killed. March 8. States. Firvt telegraph line from Washington Independence The Parrott gun invented by Robert R. Confederate ram "Mcrrlmoc" sinks "Cum- of Mexico recognized. to Baltimore. Treaty with Russia. Parrott. berland" and "Congress," U. S. nnval Webster's great speech in Congress, Jan. First onti'slavrry candidate nominated Explorations for a transcontinental rail- 1501 Mississippi secedes, Jan. 9. vessels, In Hampton Roads, Va.. xvay. v 'Tjni* paces March 9. resolution against Tariff The "Midav," first American steamboat, Yellow fever in New York. Alabama secedes, Jan. 11. rounds Cape of Good Hope. First Asylum Children's Aid Society, New York, South Carolina troops fire upon the “Star drives "Merrlmnc" back, March 0. for the Blind established. James K. Polk eloet.d President First Horticultural Society of the West." Manassas Junction evacuated and occupied formed. Mormon war in Illinois, murder of Removal of 700 officeholder* IValkcr’a filibustering expedition to So- Georgia secede*. Jan. 18. hy Union force*, March 10. by Jackson. Joseph Sml'b; Brigham Young se- 1530 Commercial treaty with Turkey. Louisiana secedes. Jan. 26. Battle of Winchester, Vn.; Union loss, South Carolina 1854 Commercial Treaty with Japan signed, Texas secedes, Feb. 1. 115 killed. 450 wounded; Confederate aaserta "States Rights." Copper discovered in Michigan. The March 31. Peace Convention assembled Washing- los», 869 killed, wounded and mining, Mormon chords founded by Joseph Texas aska for annexation. at Smith, American, or Know-Nothing Society ton. Feb. 4. March 13. April 6. First telegraph line. Building or the South formed. ProvUlonal Government of Confederate Battle of Ncwbern, N. C.. March 14. Carolina ran road. 1845 Texas armrrod^by Act of Congress, Mcx- American Institute of Learning founded. Loss of the steamship Arctic. Slates meets at Montgomery; Ala.. Feb. Battle of Pittsburg Landing; Grant, Great ’ Union commander; Ccn. A. Sidney debate between Webster and Florida and Iowa admitted ”m" Into the Black Warrior. Johnston killed; Un|on April Horne. Union. Vcb. 2S. Jefferson Darts, of Mississippi. President, low, 0 7. 1531 Intense Tariff and First railway from Lake Michigan to the Feb. 8. and 13,573 ; Confederate los*. 10,099. Free Trade excitement. War declared by Mexico. June 4. Garrison Mississippi, the flock Island. Abrah.r-i Lincoln Inaugurated President Capture of Island No. 10, by Union starts the .“Liberator" anti-sliv- Naval school at Annapolis opened. of American ship "Cavne" bombards Grey- the United States, March 4. force*, April 8. Ella. Ilowe produces his first sewing ma- Paid of Death of James Monroe. July 4. town. Central America, on reftnal to Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, bom- Cen. Mitchell; capture or Hunts- Manning mowing pay for property destroyed, Juno 12. barded—being commencement of hostili- ville, Ala., and Ituxscllvlllc, Tcnn. machines patented. Great fire in Pittsburg. Guthrie discover* chloroform. Invention of the Iron Tower for iron- ties in the Civil War, April 12. Fort Pulaski, Go.. surrendered after Sorious^fire in New York, 300 buildings Howe in rents first practical pin machine. clad vessels, by Ericsson. Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers, April three days’ bombardment, to Union forces, under Ccn. Cilmore, : Buttons first Reciprocity Treaty with England; 15. April 11. made by machinery. Death of Justice Joseph Story. settle- Western College of Teachers ment of the Fisher)- question, Aug. 2. Proclamation announcing blockade of Slavery abolished in District of Columbia, established. First manufacture of files. 1532 President Jackson vetoes Bill passed organising Kansas and Southern ports, April 17. April 10. the Bank Bill. Zachary Taylor, with 4.000 troop*, ad- New protective tariff Nebraska as Territories, repealing the Federal troops attacked In Baltimore, Bombardment of Fort Pillow, by Com- measure passed. vanced ttf Corpus Chrlsti, Texas. South Carolina nullification Compromise of lS2n, which excluded April 19. modore Foote, April 17. movement. Negotiations toward purchase of San U. S. frigate “Potomac," attack* Qualla slavery from the entire Louisiana pur- Destruction of stores nt Norfolk Navy Union fleet, under Karra gut, passe* up tho Baton. chase. May 24. Mi SUPPLEMENT XXII. ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY. 1802 Haiti? of Perryvlllc, Ky., bclawn Cent. 1804 Assault* m Petersburg; Union force* los- 1S60 Massacre In New Orleans, July 30. 1878 Death of Robert Dale Owen, June 24, 1584 House repeals the ironclad oath law, Buell anil Bragg; charge of Plill. Sheri- ing 14,000 men In four day*, June 10- 1807 Nebraska admitted a* the thlrly-*evcnlh The Colorado Pclrlfled Giant huinlx-g. Jan. 21. dan wins the day, Oct. 8. Return of Henry M. Stanley from African Ccnnany return* resolutions of tho Ita til of Confederate* under Stuart Into Confedrrato privateer “Alabama" sunk b.v Tenure of Office bill passed, June 4. explorations. August. House laudatory of Kuakln, Feb. 15. Pennsylvania Confiscation ; Clmmbersburg seized and the United State* steamer "Kcaraargc," and Amnesty bill passed. Death ot Brigham Young, Aug. 20. United State* Supreme Court affirm* the looted. Oct. 10-12. off Cherbourg, France, June 19. Death of Oliver P. Morton, Nov. 1. eonititullonalUy of Legal Trader AcL Union Gen. 0. M. Mltchel, astronomer, Hood attack* Hooker at Kcncsaw, and Purchase of Alaska, for 87,260,006, March Earthquake shock* In New England and March 3. died at Draufort, S. C., Oct. 30. falls, June 22. Middle State*. Mexican War pension bill puses House La Grange, Tenn., occupied by Gen. Grant Emauiipatlon Amendment submitted to Jcf!cr*on Davl* admitted to ball, In the Ku-Klux bill passed by Congress. March 3. tlu States by Congress, June 22. sum of 8100,000, May 13. Death of Benjamin F. Wade, March 2. The Senate ratifies commercial treaty with Battle of Fredericksburg, Va. Union But.br occuple* Deep Bottom, tell miles Southern State* organized a* military dis- Development of the telephone and phono- Mexico, March 11. force* under Gen. Burnildc defeated. lelow Richmond, June 22. tricts, January. Defeat of Morrison Tariff bill. May fl. Union losses, 13,771. Mwyland ubollslie* slavery, June 24. 1808- Impeachment, trial, and acquittal of Presi- Banknipt Repeal Bill passed. May 10. Congress appropriate* 81.000,000 for New Battle of Kingston, N. 0. Confederate* R(pu!so of Thomn* and McPherson at dent Johnson. Death of William Cullen Bryant, June 12. Orleans Exposition, May 8. defeated, Dee. 11. Kenesaw, June 27. Death of Kit (Christopher) Carson, trap- Indian outbreak In Washington Territory, Great panic in Wall street; failure of Murphy surrender* Holly Spring* to Cen. Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 repealed by per and guide, May 23. July. Crant and Ward and others. May O il. Van Dom, Dec. 20. Congress, June 28. Death of James Buchanan, June 1. Chinese Embassy visit* the United 8totc*. Relief expedition rescues survivor* of tho Jefferson Davl* Issue* a proclamation out- Etrlv begins hi* raid Into Maryland, Death ot Matthew Vassar, June 23; he Silver Bill passed by both Houses of Con- Creel)- ArcUc expedition, at Ca|ie Sa- lawing Hen. Butler, Dec. 23. July 2. donates 8800,000 for endowment, etc., Porter'* fleet open lire upon Vicksburg, Wallace defeated by Early at Frederick, of Vossar College. Yellow fever In the South. President veto** the Fltz-John Porter bill, Dee. 20. Mil., July 9. Wyoming Territory organized, July 23. Gold sold at par—the first time since July 2. Sherman’* unsuccessful raid Into Alabama, July 10. Death of Thaddrus Stevens. Aug. 11. 1802— Dec. 17. attack upon Itosscau's Comer-atone of the Ilartholdl Statue of Vicksburg, within six mile* of Cornell University, at Ithac-j, opened, 1S79 Resumption of specie payments, Jon. 1. Dec. 27, 28. Early'* entlro army Liberty laid, Aug. 0. Iron-clad "Monitor” founders at olT Washington, July 12. September. Death of Hi (hard Henry Dana, Feb. 2, aeo, The genera! election resulted In the elec- Hotter**. reaches highest premium, viz, 284 Election of Gen. President, Great Ore at Reno, Nev., March 2. Cope Cohl Grant a* tion of Grovi-r Cleveland, who carried Virginia July 10. Constitution of Callforula adopted. West admitted as a 8tato of the per cent, New 20 Slate*, x-curing 210 electoral vote* '' negotiations with Confederates, 1600 PaciOc Railway completed, 2. Union, Dec. 31. Greeley'* May 10. May against 182 ror Jame* 0. Blaine. Nov. 1803 Battle of Murfreesboro; Bosecrons de- at Niagara, July 18. Death of Franklin Pierce, January'. Death of William Lloyd Corrlson, May 24. feat* Bragg, .Ion. 1. Battle around Atlanta between force* un- Nolle prosequi ends prosecution of Jeffer- Terrible tornado In Kansas, Nebraska and Opening of the 48th Congress. Dec. . Emancipation Proclamation of President der Hood, Confederate, nud under Slicr- son Davis, Feb. 0. Missouri, May 30. 1. 1885 Grover Cleveland resign* the York Lincoln goo* Into effect, liberating all man, Union, July 22. Fifteenth Amendment passed, Feb. 25. Bill to erect a monument on site of New governorship, Jan. 0. slaves In Southern States. / Chamberaburg. Pa., burned by General Supreme Court pronounce* Confcdcrato Wnihlngton'a birthplace, pa**es both Dedication of the Washington Monu- Death of Lyman Beecher, D. D., aged 87, > Stuart, July 30. currency to be worthless. House*. June 16. ment, the tallest structure knuwn, Explosion of a mine under Confederate Great ih-occ jubilee at Boston, June 15*20. Waterspout in Black Hills cause* great 655 / feet, Feb. 21. U. S. steamer “Hnttcroi" sunk by South- ' works, Petersburg, July 30. French frontier eah.e laid, July 27. loss of property and life, June 12. Occupation of Aaplnwall, 8. A., by United ern privateer "Alabama," off Texas, Farragut capture* Mobile, Aug. 3. Great Wall street panic, "Black Friday," Disastrous storms east ond west, July. States troops. Great naval victory, under Farragut, at Sent. 24. Great fire at Deadwood, Dak., Sept. 20. , Inauguration of Graver Cleveland as Capture of Arkansas Post by Gen. Mc- Mobile, Ala., Aug. 5. Death of George Peabody, Nov. 4. Death of Gen. Josepn Hooker, Oct. 31. President, March 4. Clemond, Jan. 11. Atlanta evacuated and occupied by Sjicr- De-alh of Edwin M. Stanton, Dee. 14. Death of Zachary Chandler, Oct. 31. New Orleans Exposition opened, Dec. 10. Confederate ram "Atlanta" captured off 1S70 Ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment Caleb Cushing dies ot Madrid. Treaty with Colombian Government, pro- by the State*. of negTOo* front South to WesL Savannah, Go., by Union monitor "Wee- Baltle of Winchester, Va. ; Sheridan cap- "Exodus" viding a Joint protectorate over tho hawken," Jon. 17. ture* 5,000 prisoners, 5 guns, and all Death of Admiral David G. Farragut, Jame* Russell Lowell mode Minister to Isthmus, May 5. First U. S. colored regiment enrolled in the wounded, 8cpt. 19. Aug. 14. England. The Reviled Old Testament and complete South Carolina, Jan. 28. Defeats of Early, by Sheridan, In Shenan- Death of Oen. II. E. Lee. Oct. 12. Fall election* favor Republicans. lllble published, May 18. Act to provide a national currency be- doah, Sept. 10-22. The Nathan murder. New York, July 28. 1880 Death of Frank Leslie, Jon. 10. Death of Gen. U. 9. Grant, at Mt. Mc- come* a low, Feb. 25. Thirteenth Amendment poised, forever Proclamation of neutrality In Franco-Gcr- City Hall, Albany, deitroycd by fire, Gregor, N. Y., aged 03, July 23. Farragut run* batteries at Grand Gulf, abolishing slavery. Feb. 10. Grant memorial aervlcri held at West- April 1. Pilot Knob evacuated by Unionists, First narrow-gauge railway built, Denver Terrific tornado sweeps over part* of minster Abbey, faindon. Aug. 1. Com. Porter successfully runs the bat- Sent 27. A Rio Grande. Western and Southern States, April 8. Death of Vice- President T. A. Hendricks, teries at Vicksburg, April 1(1. Death of Chief-Justice. Roger Brook* Ku-Klux hill passes Congress. Great forest Arcs In Southern New Jer- aged 00, Nov. 25. , Port Gibson and Grand Gulf, on Missis- 1871 Treaty of Washington, with Great Britain. sey, April and May. destroy* 1880 Tlie Presidential succession act signed. sippi river, taken by U. S- Grant, Overwhelming defeat of Early at Cedar Gicat fire at Chicago; 17,430 building* Collision on Long li-land Sound May 1. Creek, Oct. 10. destroyed; lo«* about 8190,000,000, the steamers "Nnrragansctt" and Controversy between the Senate anil Presi- Col. Crlerson’s raid through Mississippi Raid of Confederates on St. Albans, Vt., Oct. 8. "Sfonlngton." dent over re-aeons for removing publlo arrive* at Baton Bougc, May 2. Oct. 19. The Yellowstone National Park bill Centennial celebration of the capture of officers, Jan. 25. ram "Albemarle" by a passed. Andre, Sept. 23. Arrest of C. L. Valandlghain. Destruction of 400 Chinamen driven Arthur nominated by Chicago from Seatl'c, W. Severe fighting between Union forces, un- torpedo afltxcd to her . by Lieut. Cush- Visit of the Grand Duke Alexis to the Garfield and Ter., by a mob. Feb. 9. der Hooker, and Confederates, under Oct. 27. United State*. Republican Convention, June 9; Hon- ing, Death ot General Winfield Scott Hancock, Lee, about Chancellorsvlllo, Va. Con- President Lincoln re-elected; Andrew The Credit Mohilicr scandal. cock and English by Cincinnati Demo* ; age-1 61, Feb. 9. federate Jackson Johnson Vice-President, Nov. 8. 1872 Settlement of the Alabama Claim*. erotic Convention. Gen. "Stonewall" Dlatr Educational Dill passe* the Senate, killed; Hooker defeated, Moy 2, 3, 1. Sherman commence* hi* "March to the Congress remove* the political disability At the Central Election, the Republican March 6. Dottle of Juekson, Miss. captured by Sea,” from Atlanta, Nov. 16. of the Southern people. candidates secured 213 out of 309 elec- ; Bill for free and unlimited coinage of 14. Incendiarism by Confederate* In New Re-election of President Grant. toral votes, Nov. 0. Gen. Grant, May • liver defeated, April 3. York, Nov. 25. Great Ore at Boston loss about 878,000,- 1381 Electoral College vote counted. Feb. 0. Battle of Baker’* Creek ; Pemberton ; riot Chicago Anarchist ; 6 police- killed routed Grant, May 16. Battle of Franklin, Tenn., between Hood Three per cent, funding bill passed, by , aod 61 wounded. May 4. Bridge; retreat of Nov. 36. Dcath of Horace Crceley, Nov. 20. Dottle of Black Blver and Thomas, Anarchist* Indicted at Chicago, May 27. Battle Nashville, under Gen. Thomas. Death of Samuel F. Morse, inventor of the Steamer "Corwin” sails for the Arctic re- Pemberton to Vicksburg, Moy 17 of President Cleveland married to Mia Vicksburg besieged by Grant, 21. Croat victory. Confederates under electric telegraph. gions In search of the "Jeannette,'' May France* Folsom, June 2, brought notion Hood retreat; Dee. 15, 16. Northwestern boundary question settled by Colored troops llrst Into Oleomargarine bill passes the Senate, at Port Hudson, May 27. Savannah, Ga., occupied by Gen. Sher- the Emperor of Germany. Revived New Testament Issued, May 20. fl, completing the "March to the Death of James Gordon Bennett, June Star route frauds expose-1, Moy 20. Battle at Milllken’s Bend, June 7. man, 1. Morrison Tariff Bill defeated, June 17. Seo.” Dee. 21. Epizootic throughout the United States. The great comets of 1881 first seen, June Itctrrnt of Mllroy from Winchester, June House of Representative* pawed bill re- more National 14. President orders a draft for 300,000 Grange* organized. 20. pcaliog the preemption, timber culturo by entire men, Dec. 19. Death of William 11. Seward. Sitting Bull, chief of the Sioux, surren- . Invasion of Pennsylvania Lee’* and dr«ert land Ian-*, June 7. Butler and Porter attack Fort Fisher, 1873 Wreck of the Atlantic, 535 lives lost, der*, July 31. army, June 15-25. Bill to repeal the Civil 8ervlce law In- Pa. Gen. Lee de- N. C„ and foil, Dec. *4. 25. April 1. James A. Garfield Inaugurated, March 4. Battle of Cctlyiburg, ; definitely postponed by the U. S. Sen- feated by Union forces, under Cen. 1S05 Establishment of the Frcedmen’s Bureau. Modoc massacre, death of General Canby, Contest between Carfield and Senator captured by Gen. April 11. Conkllng (N. Y.) about New York col- Meade, July 2. 3. Fort Fisher, N. C., Congress require* the Treasury to Imho Terry Commodore Porter, Jan. 15. Colfax massacre. La., by White lector-shin, May. Morgan begin* his raid through Indiana and League, small denomination silver certificate*. leave* Savannah, and start* April. Commercial treaty with China signed. and Ohio, July 3. Sherman Jut)- 24. northward, Feb. 1. Death of Salmon P. Chose, Chief Justice, May 6. Vicksburg surrendered by Oen. Pember- Tlie President warns office holders ogaln.it with Confederate May- 7. Crcal Britain pays £15,000 award for ton to Union force*, under Grant, President’* Conference attempts to control political move- Beecher to American fisheries in July 4. Commission, Feb. 3. and Tilton scandal, Brooklyn, damage done ments, July- Banks, Evacuation of Charleston, 9. C., by Con- July- Fortune Bay affair. Port Hudson surrendered to Cen. Dcath of Samuel J. Tllden, aged 74, and Natchez occupied by Cen. Grant federate*. Feb. 17. The Salary' Grab bill. Assassination of President Garfield by opened to Its occupation by Union force*, Feb. 18. Failure of Joy Cooke Co. great (burn- Charles J. GuRcatt, at Baltimurc rail- Mississippi river being thus & ; Chicago anarchists, to the number of 8, President Lincoln, cial panic, Sept. 10. depot In Washington, July 2. navigation, July 8. Re-Inauguration of way found guilty of murder, Aug. 20 Elberon, riot* In York 2,000 riot- March 4. Trial and conviction of William M. Death of President Carfield nt Anti-draft New ; Earthquake at Charleston, 9. C,, destroy- for last Tweed, Nov. 22. N. J., Sept. burial at Cleveland, er* killed. July 13, 14, 15. Confederate Congress adjourns the 19; ing 85,000,000 worth of property and Seizure of the "Virginlus,” 20. Blot In Boston, July 15. time, March 18. and execu- Sept. 57 live*, Aug. 30 31. fighting before Rich- tion of a of her passengers Vice President Arthur becomes President, Cen. Burnside occuple* Knoxville, Tenn., Desperate commence* number Surrender of the Apache chief Geronlmo Sept. 3. mond. Battle of Five Forks. April 1. by the Spanish authorities in Cuba. Sent. 20. Petersburg, Surrender "Virginius" session of the Senate, Oct. 10. Confederate* evacuate Fort Wagner, Cen. Grant advances upon of the to the Spi-cial Death of Kx-Prcsidcnt Chester A. Arthur, States Spain, Dec. celebrated Gulteau trial begins, Nov. Sept. 6. April 2. United by 12. Tnc aged 56. dur- Death of Agassiz. Burnside capture* Cumberland Gap, Richmond and Petersburg evacuated LouU Dec. 14. Bill to regulate the counting of electoral 1S74 Woman'd Temperance destruction of "Jeannette," Arc- Sept. 0. ing night of April 2. Crusade. New* of vole* passed. Dec. 0. Chlckamauga Union forces, un- Flight of Davl* from Richmond, April 2. Visit of Kalakaua, King of Hawaii. tic exploring vessel, Dec. 30. Battle of ; 1687 Interstate Commerce Bill signed, Feb. 4. convicted, Jan. sentenced der Boseerans. fall back to Chatta- Richmond and Petersburg occupied by Compromise Currency Bill signed by the 1SS2 Gulteau 25; Ilou*e defeat* the Dependent 8oldlcr Pen- 8. President. 4 hanged June 30. « Union forces, April Feb. ; «lon Dill, Feb. 24 Death of Charles Anti-Chinese bill (twenty yean) passed Selma, Ala., captured with large stores, Sumner. March 11. Belmont Retaliation Rill paae-l, March 2. Grasshopper March 23 vetoed by the President Cen. Wheeler start* on his raid Into April 6. raid in the Northwest. ; Bill to redeem trade dollars poised, Abduction of Charley Ross, 1. April 4. Tcnnrxsee, dc*troying much Government Battle of Sailors’ Creek ; defeat of Ewell July March 10. Edmunds Anti-Polygamy property. Oct. 2. and Custis Lee, April 6. A second large fire in Chicago, July 14. Senate passes Inter-State Commerce commission ap- Feb. March 23. Hooker take* Lookout Mountain, Oct. 2S. Grant demands the surrender of the Presidential election; result disputed, No- Bill, 10; approved pointed, March 22. pane* the House, First Fenian Congress held in the United Southern army, April 7. vember 7. Apportionment bill Mormon convention at Salt Lake City 1875 Passage 17. Lee surrenders to U. S. Grant at Ap- of the Act for the Resumption Feb. adopts a corutltutlon, July 1. Mississippi overflow, wide destruc- Cen. Meade crosse* the Rappahannock, Lee pomattox Court House, Va., April 0. of Specie Payments In 1S79. Great Detent of the Scotch cutter 'Thistle'' by retiring, Nov. 7. Mobile cvacuotcd by the Confederates, Colorado admitted into the Union, tion and loss ol life. the American "Volunteer" in race for posses both House*, Longstrei-t begins the siege of Knoxville, April 10. March 4. Tariff Commission Dill "America cup," Sept. 27 and 30. 15. Nov. 17. Montgomery, Ala., surrender* to Wilson. Centennial celebration at Lexington, Con- May fl-D; approved May President and Mr*. Cleveland leave Wash- National Bank charters Battle of Missionary Ridge; success of April 11. cord and Dtinkcr Hill. Bill extending ington for a Western trip. House*. 10. Federal*. Nov. 24. President issues order* to stop drafting Death of Andrew Johnson. July 31. passed both May Mormon convention of monogamM* peti- ot Grinmll. la.. June 8. Repulse of Longstreet at Knoxville, Nov. and further purchase of war material, Trial of Henry Ward Beecher for adultery. Violent cyclone tion Congress for admission of Utah as Trial of Prof. Anti-Chinese bill (ten year*) 28, 20. April 13. Swing for heresy. May 5. Second a State, Oct. 8. signed by President Arthur, Banks starts on bis expedition into Texas, President Lincoln assassinated, in Wash- Death of John C. Breckinridge, May 17. passed ; United State* Supreme Court refu—* to Nov. 29. ington, by Wilkes Booth, April 14. Military rule discontinued in the Southern interfere with (he finding of Illinois on Ohio river; 59 Longstreet raises the siege of Knoxville, Attempted assassination of Seward, April Collision ' of the Scioto court* In anarchist cases, Nov. 1. drowned, July 4. Dec. 6. Suspension of the California Bank, and persons Coveruor Oglesby commute* death sen- bill passed over the President Lincoln Issue* Proclamation of President Lincoln dies, April 15. suicide of President Ralston. River and Harbor tence* of Schwab and Flcldra to life 2. Amnesty, Dec. 8. Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, Vice- Death of Henry Wilson, Nov. 22. President'* veto, Aug. Imprisonment, Nov. 10. of survivor* of the North Pole 1604 Draft of 500,000 men ordered by Presi- President, take* oath of office a* Presl- Great Are in Virginia City, Nev., Oct. 25. Return the Hanging, ot Chicago, of the anarchists dent Lincoln, Feb. 1. Foundering of steamship "Paciflc" be- expedition. Parsons, Spit*, Engel and Fischer, verdict of Jury, Colt’* nmiory, at Hartford, destroyed by Macon, Ca.. occupied by Union force* tween San Francisco and Portland, Star Route trial ended by Nov. 11. Sept. acquitting Turner, convicting fire, Feb. 8. great amount of army store* taken, 11, Republican National Committee select and disagreeing oi Disaster to Union force* in Florida, un- April 20. Death of William B. Astor, Nov. 24. Miner and Hcrdcll. Chicago for National Convention, Juno tho Doraey brothers, and der Gen. Seymour, Feb. 20. Capture and death of Wilke* Booth, Escape of Tweed from the custody of the to Brady, 10. 1888. Dec. 8. Kilpatrick's raid into Virginia. Cen. April 25. sheriff, Dec. 4. Vail. 1858 Terrible blizzard In Minnesota, Dakota on Lake Huron, Dahlgrcn killed, Feb. 28. Cen. Johnston's army surrender* to Gen. Great revival*, under Moody and Sankcy. Steamer "Aslo” founders and Iowa; 200 live* lost, Jon. 12. 1801 General Grant made Lieutenant-General, Sherman, April 20. Great inundation In Texa*. 100 live* lo*t, Sept. 14. Inter-State Commission confirmed by tho of complete* registration March 2. 1805 Jefferson Davl* captured ot Irwlnsvllle, 1S78 Opening the Centennial Exhibition at Utah Commission U. 8. Senate, Jon. 10. A Free State government Inaugurated In Ga., with part of his cabinet, May 10. Philadelphia, May 10; it closes, Nov. of voter*. September. Fisheries treaty with Croat Britain tlgned Civil Service Bill passe* Louisiana, March. Engagement at Boco Cliieo, between 60 1 1SS2 The Pendleton at Washington, Feb. 15. Admiral Porter'* Red River expedition, Confederate* and 400 Union troops, be- Serious difficulties between Americans and Senate, Dec. 27. Strike of engineer* nnd firemen on tfio Bill passe* the ing the last In the "War of the Re- Chinese In California. 1883 Civil Service Reform C. B. 4 Q. R. R. began Feb. 25. Gen. U. S. Grant appointed Commander- bellion,'' May 12. Burst of reservoir at Worcester, Mass., House, Jun. 4. 1888 Deadlock In the House of Repre-eenlntlte* Succession Bill paswil Sen- In-Chief of army of United Stater, Grand review of the army, at Washing- destroying millions of dollar* worth of Presidential over the Direct Tax Bill. April 0. not considered In the March 12; assume* command, March 17. ton. May 23, 24. property, March 3. ate, Jan. 0 ; Death of Chief Justice Morrison It. Waite, call for 200,000 more men. Morel) 15. Cen. Kirby Smith surrender* all hi* com- Death of Alexander T. Stewart, April 10. aged 72 yean, March 23. A Milwaukee; Arkansas vote* to become a Free State, mand, Trans-Mississippi Army, May 26. War with Sitting Bull and the Sioux. Burning of Newholl House, Knight* of Labor appeals to Congre** for March 10. Amnesty Proclamation of President John- Massacre at Hamburg, 9. C-, June. 50 lives lost. Jan. 10. a system of Corerument telegraph, Ferry, fourteen different exceptions. Massacre of Gen. Custer ond hi* com- Croat flood in Ohio River; 60,000 people April 12. Battle of Jenkins Ark. ; defeat of son, with homeless, Feb. 10-15. Kirby Smith, April 4. May 29. mand, by the Sioux Indians, July 2. Death of noscoo Conkllng, ev-U. 3. Sen- Tax Amendment Bill pane* New York Sanitary Commission Fair re- Ceorgla declares slavery abolished, etc., Completion of the First One Hundred Tariff and ator, aged 00 years, April 18. Years of American Independence great both Houses. March 2. *ah* of U. 8. bond* began, April ceipts over one million dollars. Dec. 4. ; Dolly rejoicing throughout the United State*, Death of Alexander H. Stephens, ngc-d 71, Union expedition to Mansfield, La., foiled, Stcretary Seward officially declared slav- 23. , forces, reinforced, re- throughout the United July 4. April 8 ; Union ery abolished Melrlllo W. Fuller, of Illinois. noml- Death of Peter Cpopcr, aged 92, April 4. pulse Confederate* at Pleasant Hill. State*, Dec. 18. Castle Garden, N. Y., destroyed by fire, nat-d by the President n* Chief Jus- Beauregard, Miss., 63 live* Fort Pillow mnssacre, April 12. Mississippi nullified secession ordinance, July 9. Cyclone at confirmed by the Senate, Georgia, tice, April 30; Youngrr Brother* Northfleld lost ; tornadoes in Iowa and Wcsael* surrenders Plymouth, N. C., to and Bank July 20. robbery. Sept. 7. April 22. Confederate*, April 20. Alabama declared ordinance of secession Senate, of the Brooklyn Suspension Chinese Treaty ratified by U. 8. Severe lighting between Confederate*, un- null and void, Sept. 12. Arrest of W. M. Tweed, at Vigo, Spain, Op-nlng May 7. or- Sept. C. Bridge, May 24. der lav. anil Union forces, under Grant, South Carolina repealed the secession electricity, Civil Service Act passe* both Execution of murderer* by In Virginia, In advance on Richmond, dinance, Sent. 15. Yellow fever in Georgia, September. Pendleton after Jan. 1, 1880, noose* N. Y. Sen- ordinance, Oct. Trial of Molly Maguires, October. Houses, July 10. May 3-11. Florida annulled secession approrexJ by the Governor, Dastardly "Proteus" of Ihe Grecly Relief ate, May 8 ; Battle of the Wilderness, May 6. 25. attempt to rob the grave of Steamer Expedition crushed by Ico In' Smith * Occupation of City Point by General But- Proclamation opening all port* in South- President Lincoln, Nov. 7. 23. The President approve* of bill to Invite - Burning of the Brooklyn Theater, 270 Sound, July ler, Moy 4. ern States, and ending blockade, June American State* at ' Minn., conference of live* lost. Dec. 6. Terrific tornado at Rochester, Sherman begin* hi* march toward At- 23. Washington In 18S0, May 24, many live* lost. Aug. 21. lanta, May 7. Execution of assassination conspirators, First furnace for cremation built, at Railroad formally opened, Lieut. -Cen. Philip H. Sheridan confirmed Alxcroth, Mrs. Sur- Washington, Pa., Dec. 0. Northern Pacific Battle of Besaea, Ga.. between Generals Harold, Payne, and as Ccncral of the Army, June t. Tlie Ashtabula railroad horror, Dec. 20. Sherman and Johnston, Moy 15. ratt, July* 7. National Democratic Convention at St. 1577 Close of the Indian War. CielT'hlgiits Act of March 1, 1875, de- Failure of Butler to rapture Drury’s Rebel Indian chief* sign treaty of loyalty. President Cleveland, clared unconstitutional by U. S. Su- Loul* renominate* Bluff, May 10. Sept. 14. The Electoral Commission Bill passed by Congress. Jan. 26. preme Court, Oet. 15. Death of Nathaniel Hawthorne, May 10. Execution of Capt. Wire, the Anderson- 25. Department of Lator hill ap- Cen. Sherman relinquishes command of National Fighting between Lee ond Grant at the villa prison commandant, Nov. 10. Rutherford B. Hayes declared President, Gen. Sheridan sue- proved ,by the President, June 13. Choate Jan. 15. March 2. the army, Nor. 1 ; North Anna, May 21-24. 1S60 Death ot Bufu* The President signed the Chinese Esclu- Freedmcn’* Bureau Bill, Bluo Glass mania. Bottle of Dalton, Ga., May 28; Union Passage of the sion Hill, forbidding ony Chinese la- of Corncllu* Vanderbilt, Two-cent letter postage goo* Into effect over the President's veto, Feb. 20. Death June 4. l-c, or Stale*. Oct- 1. borer who has bran, or may now declaring the In- Great railroad riots, East and West, July throughout the United 8herldan capture* Cold Hnrbor, May 31. Preildent'* proclamation may hereafter he. a resident within Hu- August. Serious riot ot Danville. V*.. between Evacuation of Alltoona Pass, June 1. surrection ended. and therefrom, un-l white military. Nov. 3. ll. S., and mar depart Scott, May 29. 1578 Yellow fever epidemic along the Lower nr-groc* and Battle of Cold Harbor, June 2, 3. Death of Gen. Winfield erecting who may not have returned before tho Mississippi. Dakota odopted a constitution Battle of Piedmont, Va., June 6. Fenian* invade Canada, June 1. passage tht* act. to return to, or re- Commls- Southern Dakota into a State. Nov. 0. of attork* retreats Into Fourteenth Amendment passed the Scn- Meeting of the Alabama Claims the 8.. Oct. 1. Hunter Lynchburg ; the 460th anni- main In, U. •Ion, Feb. 27. Festivals In honor of West Virginia, June 8. Nov, 10-11. Death <>f General Philip II. 8bcrldan, Atlantic Cable, Fenians attempt a second invasion of versary of Luther'a birth, Army of tile Potom*c crosses to south SucccmIuI laying of the aged 57 yearn, August 6. 46th Congre** organized. side of James River, June 12-15. July 27. Canada, May 20. SUPPLEMENT XXIII. ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY. The enlistment of Indiana in the Governor Altgeld 1005 Wireless message sent from Kansas City to Cleveland, distance ot mile*. army authorised, March 6. floods i archlsts. Jut a 725 Jan. 16. Proposed arbitration of Behring S . dls- ley. Has- S-15. 1000 8an Francisco earthquake nnd fire, April C. S- Smite njKB the Fisheries treaty, g nppolr. - 18-20. August 31. Lynching of 11 Italians at New Orleans, 1 Convention.May 7. depression, Oct. Problem's message to the U. S. Smite March 14. me Alliance party proposes a i 1007 Great financial reconuneeiding eolargvd powers under Nicaragua Canal Party sails, March 14. rency. May S. 1908 Hoycrtown, Pa., theatre burned, 170 llvea the Retaliation Act- August 25. American Society of Authors formes! for The Pope approves Archbishop Ireland lost, January. Fkwdi it Augusta, Gi.. destroyed $1,- the protection of writers, March 30. Educational Policy. May 10. Wm. II. Taft elected President, Nov. 3. 000,000 worth ot property. Sept- IS. Recall of the Italian Miniatcr, Baron Association of American authors foi 1009 Discovery of North Pole by Commodore Bill prohibiting coming of Chinese Is- Favi, March 31. May 17. borers approved. Sept- IS. 25th anniversary or the founding of the Reciprocity with Guatemala goes Into l'aync-Aldrich Isrlff low approved, Aug. " her wheat touched ft Grand Army of the Republic, April 0. effect. May SO. Chicago D d of Trade. Sept. 39. Cround broken for the Grant Monument, James G. Blaine resigns os Secretary S. Supreme Court sustains the con- » York City. April 27. State, June 4. World's Fair closed at Chicago, ' Oct. 30. - " — * stitutionality of the Iowa "Prohibitory —i to Republican National Convention he Repeal of the Silver Purchase Clause Law." Oct- 22. . Blair, Act. of 1690, Nov. 1. The "Murchison" decoy letter to lord Benjamin Harriron and Whitclaw R 1894 New York Court of Appeals decides that Sackvillc West made public, Oct. 24. foreign corporations may hold real estate Lord Si rimlie Wot. British Minister, dis- In New York Stale, Jan, Id. : Wilson Tariff nnd Tax til iwexl be the President. Oct. 20. "The People's Party" fonned Bill Income Re- clnniti. May 20. Nitron I Election for President : the . Grover Cleveland and Adlai Stevenson Statue Lincoln S. Warship Krorsargc, the publican candidates elected. Noe. 6. of Abraham unv> nominated, June 23. U. famous os Lincoln Park, Chicago. 2. destroyer of the Confederate Ala- Official sallow lever bulletin gave lots! May Pcorv Arctic relief expedition rolls. number of deaths 412. and ot cases bama, wrecked on Roncador Reef, Feb. 4.705. at diessonri lie. ns.. Dec. 10- Homestead, Pa., Steel Works closed. ruen-of-war "Yintie" Russia presents Stanford Death of Georgv W. Childs, phllMitlmiLr.tl.ru. U- S. "Galena" and ' silled for Iliyti to demind release of vith a complete collection nist and journalist, the Haytsan Republican. Dec. 12. and Siberian minerals. Prohibitionist* nominate John Bldwell Feb. 3. for President, July Greater York bit 1S59 Great storm in Pennsylianla ; many tires 1. New x:; lost at Pittabargh and Reading. Jin. 9. People's Party nominate James B. Wea- Niagara Suspension Bridge blown down at ver for President, July 4. President the nmd First of at r hill, 1 , Jin. 1 mipmeut Slaughter Pinkerton men Home- Department of Agriculture created. stead. July 6. proclamation Issued,sued, A'v r i I International Postal Congress National Christian Endeavor Society i decides t Convention at New York, July 7. Unconstilulionallty of the South Caro- at Washington, June Pennsylvania troops take possession of lina Dispensary' !«"' declared. April 10. Commercial treaty wi :h Spain signed. Homestead, Pa., July 10. 136,000 coal miners ordered to strike 14 Bill to close the World's Fair on Sun- Ohio. April 20. Transfer of the Weather Bureau to the day passes both Houses, July 14. Coxey’s army invaded Washington, Dk Agricultural Department. June 30. Crest storms in Minnesota, July 30. C.. April 29. Oklahoma proclamation issued. May 27. *500.00 accepted from the I lata for The President proclaims Oct. Dr. Talmage’s Tabernacle in Brooklyn Opening or the Oklahoma country, viola- 12 a Na- tion of the S. Navigation laws, tional holiday, July 21. destroyed fire. May April 22. U. July. by 13. label filed against the arms nnd ammuni- II. C. Friek. chairman Carnegie Steel 177 buildings burned by fire at Button, Centennial of Washington's inauguration, tion on the Itats. at San Diego, July 12. Co., shot by Berkman, July 23. May 15. April SO. Statue cf Stonewall Jackson unveiled at George Shiras confirmed by the Senate American Railway Union boycotts Pull- r ol Dr. Cronin at Chicago, May 4. Leaington, Va., July 21. as Associate Justice U. S. Supreme Company. Affected 50,000 powder f Johnstown, Ps. ; Smokeless used for the first time Court, July 26. 5.000 to 10.000 Urea lost: over *20.- by the U. S. Government, July 25. Inman Steamer "City of Paris" break* the , -....e 20. 000,000 worth of property destroyed, The "Majestic" breaks the ocean rec- Ocean Record, 5d. loh. 6Sm., July 27. U. S. Court enjoins strikers from inter- May 31. ord, time being 5d. ISh. Rm.. Aug. 5. Central Labor Union rejects anarchistic fering with railroad trains, July 2. Cherokee strip In Indian Territory closed Judge D. S. Terry shot by tt. S. Mar- resolutions. July SO. Railroad mobs destroy property in and to Whites. Aug. IS. appropriate* shal Nagle, defending Justice Field, Congress $2,500,000 to the near Chicago, July 6-10. Rain-making experiment at Midland. World'* Fair. Aug. 5. Railroad declared Aug. 14. strike off, July 13. Iaternstiwal Marine Congress meets at Chinese sailors forliddcn employment Utah Enabling Act signed. July 17. The "Teutonic" breaks the trans-Allan- Washington. Oct. 16. on American ships. Aug. 5. American marines landed at Sooui North and South Dakota admitted by tic record of the "Majestic,” time 50. International Monetary representatives Corea, July 27 16h. 31m., Aug. 19. proclaimtic appointed by the President. Aug. 7. Work Indian lands of Oklahoms opened. Sept. Trouble among East Tennessee Hawaiian Trial ol-I CroCronin suspects began Aug. 30, miners. Republic recognized, aided Dec- 16. Coughlin. Sullivan and Burke found guilty, and received tile Dedication of Pope Leo NOT. statue, pre- 1S92 Railroad strike of switchmen at Buf- 6S faeturlc* close Fall River, 20,000 falo, groat destruction of property*, men idle. Aug. 13. yean; Beggs found sot guilty. United States recognii Stanford. Jr.. University at Pal President proclaims retaliation clgnly of Nicaragua oi David J. Brewer appointed a Supreme Leland Alto. Cal., opened. Oct. 1. Court Justice. Dec. 4. Hanks ic Equestrian statue of Nancy again breaks trotting . withou- the Death of Jefferson Davit, late President General Grant i Lincoln Park, Chicago, unveiled, Oc record. 2.0514, Aug. 81. of the Confederate Stater, Dec. 6. Death ol George William Curtis, Earthquaki of life at 1390 Appointment World’s of Special Fair Com- Commercial treaty with Germanv coi and jourmtiat, Aug. 31. Uvalde. Texas. At mitiee. Jan. IS. eluded, Oct. 11. YorM City by Reciprocity Treaty La grippe or inflner prevalent tin Shoshone and Arapahoe Indiana sell ot Hamburg steamer "Monrovia." Aug. 31. by Spain, Sept. 3. the Northern and Western i Nelson beats the stallion record, 2. 13 la. President Clcvcland'a Hawaiian letter Death Gen. Crook, at Chicago, Aug. 31. first published. Sept. 6. 1S92 Death of J. G. Whittier, poet. Sept. 7. Amnesty granted polygamists in Utah, Act approved providing for the World's Nangy^Hanks again breaks the trotting Sept. 27. Columbian Exposition, at Chicago, Death of Prof. David Swing at Chicago. Argument in the Sayward ease, to test Formal opening of the Chicago Unlver- Oct. 3. Death of Cen. Fremont, at New York U. S. jurisdiction over Behring Sea, Death of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Oct. 7. City. July 13. tvgun in the U. S. Supreme Court, of the World's Government offer* to arbitrate in Ihc First erecutioo by electricity, at Auburn. : Chicago, Oct. 21. Japan-China war, Nov. 0. S. Y-. Wm. Kemmler. Aug. d. Congress met : Mr. Crisp, of Georgia, Milwaukee destroy* build- First legislature of Oklahoma meets. chosen Speaker, Dec. 7. Ant- sl ! Sleveci County. Kan., war again breaks dedicated at Wald- forbidding the use of for Act the mails 1S96 UtaHTtSth Stale, admitted. Jan. fl. lottery purposes, approved Sept. 19. Inter-State Commerce Commiarion ap- Groat strike __ William McKinley elected President of The McKinley IT bill takes cflcct, Uri pointed by the President, Jan. 5. clarcd off, Nov. 19. the U. S., Nov. 3. Oct. 6. Terrible mine explosion at McAlestcr. Stamboul lowers stallion record 1897 U. S. Senate passed resolution for recog- General election: next House Jlepre- of Ind. Ter., nearly 100 lives lost, Jan. 7. Stockton. Cal.. 2.0714. Nov. 23. nition of belligerency of Cuba, May 20, sentatjles Democratic, Not. 4. Secretary Blaine notifies foreign coun- Great Cold Discoveries of Klondyke, The 51s»Ccograa convenes, Dec. 1. tries of retaliatory m nature--, as re- July 15. Sitting fecll and seven other Indians quired by the Tariff Law. Jan. 8. 1898 U. S. Battleship Maine destroyed by ex- Special killed ’ Dear Standing Bock Agency, message to Congress from the Immense gold fields discovered in Utah, plosion in Havana harbor, Feb, 15. President, recommending financial aid Dee. 27. Independence of Cuba recognized by reso- to the lution World's Colombian Exhibition, Prof. Briggs acquitted of heresy, Dec. of Congress, April 19; an I Feb. 24. President's proclamation calling for The President submits correspondence 125,000 volunteers, April 23. with Lnglffpd to Congress, regarding Commodore Dewey destroyed Spanish Death of George Bancroft, historian, Behring controversy, ' at Sea March 9. gallery to the Fine Arts society at Beet in Manila Bay, May Washington, Jan. 17. Ex-Congressman W. it. Morrison selected New York. Dec. 30. Schley and Sam[ as President Death of Wm. Windom at a banquet in of the Inter-State Com- 1693 Death of General Benjamin F. Butler, destroyed Spanish fleet under Cervera merce Commission, vice Judge Cooley, Jan. 11. off Santiago dc Cuba, July 3. resigned, March 21. Senate passes the Seal Protection BUI, Peace protocol signed, and President’s Silver Free nape debate in Congress, Jan. IS. proclamation issued suspending bostili- March 22* Death of ex-Prcsidcnt R. B. Hayes, Jan. 1691 Application before the D. French Extradition Treaty signed, 1899 Beginning of war for suppression ot Court for a prohibition to the S. t March 25. U. Aguinoldo and his follower- ; Fillpin a District Court on its decision i* (be* The Silver bill shelved, March 2S. Insurgents inaugurated general engage- S- Behring Sea difficulty by Canadian rep- The Free Wool bill passed, April 7. ment. Feb. 4. Diplomatic intercourse with Italy re- Peace Treaty with Spain ratified by the Sioux Indian Death of James G. Blaine, statesman, war ended by submission of newed. April 14. U. 8. Senate, Feb. 6. the Hostile*. Jan. 27. Jon. 15. Sisreton Reservation, S. D.. opened, 1900 City of Galveston, Tex., destroyed by hur- Reciprocity treaty with Brazil announced, April 15. Russian Extradition Treaty confirmed, Feb. Feb. 5. Revenue steamer* ordered to Behring 8. Death of Admiral David D. Porter, at Sen, April 16. Conflict of rival Legislatures in Kansas, Washington, Feb. 13. Copyright agreement with Germany Death of Cen. Wm. T- Sherman, at Wash- signed, April 16. u Feb. 14. The President approv Behring Sea Fcwter, of . modus vivendi, Inauguration of President Cleveland, April I9°‘ f the Treasury. __ . Feb. _ U. S. Commercial Treaty between May. Copyright bill passed Congress. Behring Sea arbitration opened at Paris. . Switzerland and Italy, signed April 19. 1903 Iroquois Theatre,^ Chicago, burned Dec. Act creating Circuit Court of Appeals, The President lnpites foreign nations France. April 10. pained March 3. fo participate President Cleveland opens World's Fair In an international Sil- il property bought by U. 8., French Spoliation Bill pawed. March 3. ver Conference, April 21. at Chicago, May 1. The Copyright bill becomes a law. March Grant monument 1904 Theodore Roosevelt elected President, iork City, April 27. t