New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

Five new rain forest genera of Australasian Rutaceae

Thomas G. HARTLEY Australian National Herbarium, Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.

ABSTRACT The new genera Dinosperma (Australia; four species), Perryodendron (Moluccas, New Guinea, and New Britain; one species), Pitaviaster KEYWORDS (Australia; one species), Crossosperma (New Caledonia; two species), and Rutaceae, new genera, Dutailliopsis (New Caledonia; one species) are proposed. Three new species Australasian. are described and six new combinations are established.

RÉSUMÉ Les nouveaux genres Dinosperma (Austtalie ; quatre espèces), Perryodendron (Moluques, Nouvelle-Guinée et Nouvelle-Bretagne ; une es-pèce), Pitaviaster MOTS CLES (Australie ; une espèce), Crossosperma (Nouvelle-Calédonie ; deux espèces), et Rutaceae, nouveaux genres, Dutailliopsis (Nouvelle-Calédonie ; une espèce) sont proposés. Trois nou­ Australasie. velles espèces sont décrites et six nouvelles combinaisons sont établies.

In my continuing taxonomic study of Austra- Pitaviaster, which is monotypic and endemic to lasian-Malesian Rutaceae I have encounteted eastern Australia, accomodates E. haplophylla nine species—four originally described in F. Muell.; (4) Crossosperma, which is endemic to Melicope J.R. & G. Forst., two in Euodia J.R. & New Caledonia, accomodates M. velutina G. Forst., and three undescribed—which in theii Guillaumin and a new species; and (5) motphology appear to stand outside acceptable Dutailliopsis, which is monotypic and endemic limits of previously described genera. The fol­ to New Caledonia, accommodates a new species. lowing new genera are proposed for these plants: If these new genera were to be placed in the (1) Dinosperma, which is endemic to eastern classification proposed by ENGLER (1931), in Australia, accomodates M. melanophloia C.T. what is the standard major work on the White, M. stipitata C.T. White & Francis, E. Rutaceae, Dinosperma, Perryodendron, and erythrococca F. Muell., and a new species; (2) Pitaviaster would be assigned to the subfamily Perryodendron, which is monotypic and occurs in Rutoideae Engler, tribe Zanthoxyleae Hook, f., the Moluccas, New Guinea, and New Britain, wheteas Crossosperma and Dutailliopsis would be accommodates M. parviflora C.T. White; (3) put in the subfamily Toddalioideae Engl., tribe

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) 189 Hartley T.G.

Toddalieae Hook. f. There is doubt that pellis abortivis, si ullis, persistentibus, folliculis basi vel ENGLER'S circumscriptions of these taxa tepresent usque 1/6 longitudine connatis, exocarpio sicco vel sub- carnoso, endocarpio basi adnato vel soluto et sub dehis- natutal groupings, however (see, for example, centia cum semine dimisso; seminibus in quoque folliculo HARTLEY 1981, 1982, and NG et al. 1987), so 1 vel raro 2, ovoideis usque ellipsoideis; testa hebetata for the present the genera are simply compared usque nitida, pergamentacea usque coriacea, laevi vel to what appear to be theit nearest relatives, leviter rugulosa; endospermio obsoleto; cotyledonibus without futthet reference to theit subfamilial or complanatis, in semine convolutis et plicatis; cotyledoni­ bus in plantula epigaeis, foliaceis, transverse ellipticis. tribal classification. Inflorescences in the new geneta ate com­ TYPE.—Dinosperma melanophloia (C.T. White) pound, usually with two or more orders of bran­ T.G. Hartley (= Melicope melanophloia C.T. White). ching. The term thytsiform is used to describe those in which the ptimary branches are oppo­ Shrubs or trees, trichomes simple. Leaves oppo­ site. Those described as paniculate have alternate site ot whorled (in occasional shoots subopposite primary branches. or alternate), pinnate (with 1 ot 2 paits of leaf­ The tetm testa is used to describe the part of lets), digitately 3-foliolate, 1-foliolate, ot simple; the seed that is believed to be derived from the blades pellucid-dotted, pinnately veined. outet integument of the ovule. In Perryodendron, Inflorescences thyrsiform to paniculate, terminal Pitaviaster, and Dutailliopsis the testa has an or terminal and axillary. Flowers actinomotphic, inner layer of dense, black sclerenchyma (the bisexual; sepals 4, connate at base or up to 1/3 sclerotesta), and immediately internal to it is a their length, petsistent in fruit; petals 4, distinct, zone of fragile, thin-walled cells which is believed narrowly imbricate or valvate, ± hooked adaxially to represent the innet integument. Seeds of at apex, deciduous in fruit; stamens 8, distinct, Dinosperma and Crossosperma do not have a scle­ alternately ± unequal, filament flattened, sub- rotesta, and they seem to lack an innet integ­ linear to oblanceolate, acute ot subulate at apex, ument. anther ovoid to ellipsoid, dotsifixed, introrse; disc inttastaminal, annular, pulvinate, ot colum­ Pollen of the new geneta is described in my nar; gynoecium 4-loculate, 4-catpellate, catpels study of Euodia and Melicope (submitted fot connate at base or up to 1/3 their length and publication). It is not diagnostic. joined subapically in the style, placentation axile, ovules 2 per locule, subcollateral or superposed, style sttaight, composed of 4 coherent stylar ele­ DINOSPERMA T.G. Hartley, gen. nov. ments, stigma punctiform or capitellate. Fruit of 1-4 follicles, the abortive carpels, if any, persis­ Frútices vel arbores, trichomatibus simplicibus; foliis tent; follicles connate at base ot up to 1/6 their oppositis vel verticillatis (in surculis aliquot suboppositis length, exocarp dry or subfleshy, endocatp ad- vel alternis), pinnatis (1- vel 2-jugis), digitate 3-folioui- tis, 1-foliolatis, vel simplicibus; laminis pellucido-punc- nate at base or separate and dischatged with the tatis, pinnatinervibus; inflorescentiis thyrsiformibus seed at dehiscence. Seeds 1 or rarely 2 per fol­ usque paniculatis, terminalibus vel terminalibus et axil- licle, ovoid to ellipsoid; testa dull to glossy, per- laribus; floribus actinomorphis, bisexualibus; sepalis 4, gamentaceous to coriaceous, smooth ot faintly basi vel usque 1/3 longitudine connatis, in fructu persis- wrinkled; endospetm obsolete; cotyledons flat­ tentibus; petalis 4, distinctis, anguste imbricatis vel val- vatis, adaxialiter apice í uncinatis, in fructu deciduis; tened, convolute and folded. Cotyledons in the staminibus 8, distinctis, alternatim ± inaequalibus, fila­ seedling epigeous, foliaceous, ttansversely elliptic. mento complanato, sublineari usque oblanceolato, apice acuto vel subulato, anthera ovoidea usque ellipsoidea, dorsifixa, introrsa; disco intrastaminali, annulari, pulvi- ETYMOLOGY.—From the Greek dittos, whirl, nato, vel columnari; gynoecio 4-loculato, 4-carpellato, and sperma, seed, referring to the convolute coty­ carpellis basi vel usque 113 longitudine connatis et api- ledons. cem versus a stylo junctis, placentatione axiali, ovulis in quoque loculo 2, subcollateralibus vel superpositis, stylo recto, filiis 4 cohaerentibus constanto, stigmate punctifor- Dinosperma is characterized mainly by its oppo­ mi vel capitellato; fructu ex folliculis 1-4 constanti, car­ site or whotled leaves, terminal inflorescences,

190 ADANSONIA, Ser. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Ausrralasian Ruraceae

bisexual flowers, 4-merous calyx and corolla, 8- and complexly folded, and in the Neotropical merous androecium, 4-merous, subapocarpous subttibe Cuspariinae Engl., in which, according gynoecium, 2-ovulate carpels, follicular fruit to KALLUNKI (1992), the cotyledons are com­ which at dehiscence (except in D. erythrococca) monly folded. Neither of these taxa ate close discharges the endocarp with the seed, perga- relatives of Dinosperma. Among other dif­ mentaceous to coriaceous testa without scletotes- ferences, Micromelum has alternate leaves and ta, obsolete endosperm, and flattened cotyledons indéhiscent fruit, and genera of the Cuspariinae which in the seed are convolute and folded. tend to have zygomorphic flowers, united petals, The endemic eastern Australian genera Bosistoa and basally appendaged anthets. F. Muell. ex Benth., Bouchardatia Baill., and Dinosperma is unusually vatiable in its ftuit. In Acradenia Kippist (see HARTLEY 1977a, 1977b) D. erythrococca (F. Muell.) T.G. Hartley the exo- are the closest relatives of Dinosperma, sharing carp is attractively colored (orange to ted) and with it, among other features, opposite leaves, subfleshy and the endocatp and seed temain at­ terminal inflorescences, bisexual, obdiplostemo- tached in the dehisced follicle. In the othet thtee nous flowers, subapocarpous gynoecium, follicu­ species the exocarp is brown and dry and the lar fruit which at dehiscence dischatges the endocarp is elastically dischatged with the seed at endocarp with the seed, petgamentaceous testa dehiscence. In all four species the endocatp is without scletotesta, and obsolete endospetm. cartilaginous except in the region of the axile pla­ Unlike Dinosperma, their cotyledons ate plano­ centa, where it is membranaceous. This membra­ convex and are neithet convolute nor folded. naceous portion, the ventral endocatp (see Fig. Also, among other differences, Bosistoa has 5- IE), is only pattly distinct in M. erythrococca, merous flowets with 4-6 ovules per carpel, whereas in the other species it separates from the Bouchardatia has 6-8 ovules per carpel, and rest of the endocatp, the dorsilatetal endocarp Acradenia has 5- or 6-merous flowers. (see Fig. ID), and is more or less persistent on From the foregoing it is evident that the main the discharged seed (with the drying of herbar­ diagnostic featute of Dinosperma is the convo­ ium specimens it generally becomes detached). lute-folded postute of its cotyledons in the seed. In its attractively colored, subfleshy ftuit and Because in the seedling these cotyledons are epi- petsistent seeds with coriaceous testa, geous and foliaceous (this is shown in the QRS Dinosperma erythrococca appeals to be specialized sheet of Hyland 6470, D. melanophloia), theit for dispetsal by arboreal birds. In the othet spe­ posture in the seed is probably adaptive, provi­ cies, whete the seeds ate expelled at dehiscence ding them with a large surface area which upon and have a thinnet testa, dispersal may be effec­ germination enables them to function more ted by ants attracted to the ventral endocarp. effectively as photosynthetic organs. This is a possibility because seeds of the ruta- Elsewhere in the Rutaceae, embryos similar to ceous genus Boronia Sm., which are known to be those of Dinosperma are known in the Southeast ant-dispersed (BERG 1975), have a venttal endo­ Asian-southwestern Pacific genus Micromelum carp which is essentially the same as that of Blume, in which the cotyledons are irregularly Dinosperma, and it is the atttactant.

Key to the species of Dinosperma

1. Leaves 1-bladed; follicles brown, dry 2 1'. Leaves, or most of them, compound; follicles orange to red, subfleshy 4. D. erythrococca 2. Leaves 5-17.5 cm long, the petiole 0.4-3.5 cm long, the blade acute to attenuate at base 3 2'. Leaves 15-30 cm long, the petiole 0.1-0.5 cm long, the blade narrowly cordate at base 3. D. longifolia 3. Main veins of leaves 8-10 per side; inflorescences 6-12 cm long; follicles 8-10 mm long, the endocarp spar­ sely pubescent I.D. melanophloia 3'. Main veins of leaves 11-17 per side; inflorescences 1.5-3 cm long; follicles 10-15 mm long, the endocarp glabrous 2. D. stipitata

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19 (2) 191 Hartley T.G.

1. Dinosperma melanophloia (C.T. White) fr. (CANB); Hyland RFK 2566, State Forest Reserve T.G. Hartley, comb. nov. 607, Bridle logging area, 520 m, 6 Apr. 1972, fl. (CANB); 5471, Rocky River, 80 m, 14 Sep. 1971, galled fr. (BISH, BRI, CANB, LAE, QRS); 5948, Melicope melanophloia C.T. White, Bot. Bull. Dept. State Forest Reserve 607, Bridle logging area, 520 m, Agric, Queensland 20: 8, fig. on p. 9 (1918).— 6 Apr. 1972, fl. (BRI, L, LAE, QRS); 6468, State Type: C.T. White s.n., Queensland, Wide Bay Forest Reserve 607, 17°00'S, 145°35'E, 480 m, District, Kin Kin, Jan. 1917, fl., young fr. (holo-, 1 Nov. 1972, fr. (QRS); 6470, State Forest Reserve BRI!; iso-, A!, MEL!, NY!). 607, 17°00'S, 145°35'E, 500 m, 1 Nov. 1972, fr., seedlings (BRI, L, LAE, QRS); W.T Jones 2288, Tree 3-10 m high. Young branchlets like the Massey Creek, 12 Oct. 1962, fr. (CANB); OTarrell leaves glabrous. Leaves opposite (alternate in 78, State Forest Reserve 607, Bridle logging area, occasional shoots), 1-foliolate, 7-17.5 cm long; 480 m, 26 May 1971, galled fr. (BRI, CANB, L, LAE); L.S. Smith 11743, upper Massey Creek 15 petiole 0.5-3.5 cm long, usually swollen distally; miles ENE of Coen, 350 ft., 11 Oct. 1962, fr. petiolule obsolete; leaflet blade subcoriaceous, (CANB).—North Kennedy District: Byrnes & elliptic, 6.5-16 X 2-7 cm, base acute to attenuate, Clarkson 3853, Conway Range, Brandy Creek, 13 margin entile, apex narrowly obtuse to acumi­ Apr. 1978, fl. (CANB).—Wide Bay District: Forster nate, main veins 8-10 per side. Inflorescences 9123, Farrels Scrub, Deep Creek road, 240 m, 13 Oct. 1991, old fr. (CANB); Francis s.n., Kin Kin, thyrsiform to paniculate, many- of sometimes Dec. 1919, fl. (A, UC); Francis & White s.n., Kin Kin, several-flowered, hispidulous or sparsely so, 6- Mar. 1916, fr. (A, NSW); Hartley 15173, Stony 12 cm long, pedicels 0.6-3 mm long. Sepals Creek near Didcot, 24 Oct. 1991 (CANB); Petrie puberulent, subotbiculat to btoadly ovate, 1- 30A, Amamoor, Oct. 1921, fl. (A, BRI); Tracey s.n., 1.2 mm long; petals white, narrowly imbricate, Imbil (CANB).—Moreton District: Thorpe s.n., Blackall Range near Palmwoods, 15 Jan. 1979, fl. short-sericeous abaxially, puberulent adaxially at (CANB). least in distal 1/2, ovate-elliptic, 5.5-6.5 mm long; stamens 1/2-3/4 as long as petals, filament densely pilosulose at margin, otherwise sparsely Dinosperma melanophloia and D. stipitata are pilosulose, at least adaxially, usually with a few unique in the genus in their tendency to have papillate glands towatd apex, natrowly oblong to distally swollen petioles (which I take as evidence lanceolate, subulate at apex, anther 0.5-1 mm that their leaves are 1-foliolate, i.e., reduced com­ long; disc glabrous, annular, about 0.6 mm high; pound leaves, rather than simple) and sputred gynoecium 2-2.5 mm long, ovaty pubescent, follicles. Although probably quite closely related, style sparsely pilosulose in proximal 3/4, 1- they are readily distinguishable on sevetal charac­ 1.5 mm long. Follicles erect or ascending, ellip­ ters. Dinosperma melanophloia has a higher num­ soid to obovoid, 8-10 mm long, obliquely ber of main veins in its leaflet blades, larger truncate at apex and usually with uppef-abaxial inflorescences, flowers, and follicles, an annular spur-like appendage to 0.8 mm long; exocarp (vs. columnar) disc, and sparsely pubescent (vs. brown, dry, tomentose; endocarp sparsely pubes­ glabrous) endocarp. cent, dischafged with the seed at dehiscence. Seeds 6-8.5 mm long; testa petgamentaceous, brown or blackish brown, lustrous, faintly wrin­ 2. Dinosperma stipitata (C.T. White & kled.—Fig. 1. Ftancis) T.G. Hartley, comb. nov.

Melicope stipitata C.T. White & Francis, Proc. Roy. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY.—Northeastern Soc. Queensland 37: 153, tab. 2 (1926).—Type: to southeastern Queensland (Fig. 2A); rain forest Hayes s.n., Queensland, Cook District, Glenallyn, (often dry) from 60 to 1000 m. Malanda, fl. (holo-, BRI!).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—AUSTRALIA, Shrub or tree 2-15 m high. Young branchlets QUEENSLAND.—Cook District: Gray 962, State Forest Reserve 144, Windsor Tableland, 1000 m, 17 July like the leaves glabrous. Leaves opposite ot in 1978, fr. (CANB); Hartley & Hyland 14126, Bridle whotls of 3 ot 4, 1-foliolate, 5-17 cm long; Creek about 12 miles SE of Mareeba, 21 Nov. 1973, petiole 0.4-1.2 cm long, usually swollen distally;

192 ADANSONIA, ser. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

Fig. 1 .—Dinosperma melanophloia (C.T. White) T.G. Hartley: A, flowering branchlet; B, flowers; C, fruits; D, dorsllateral endocarp; E, ventral endocarp; F, seed; G, transverse section of seed. (A, Hyland5948, B, HylandRFK2566; C-G, Jones2288).

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) 193 Hartley T.G.

petiolule obsolete; leaflet blade subcoriaceous, long, pedicels 2.5-6 mm long. Sepals ciliolate, elliptic or elliptic-obovate, or narrowly so, 4.5-16 otherwise glabrous to sparsely puberulent, ovate- X 1-4.7 cm, base cuneate to attenuate or some­ triangular, 0.6-0.8 mm long; petals white or times acute, margin entire, apex narrowly obtuse cream, valvate, densely puberulent at margin, to acuminate, main veins 11-17 per side. otherwise glabrous to sparsely puberulent Inflorescences thyrsiform, several- or sometimes abaxially and pubescent abaxially, rather narrow­ few-flowered, glabrous to puberulent, 1.5-3 cm ly elliptic or elliptic-obovate, 4-6 mm long; sta-

194 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

mens about as long as petals, filament densely 11113, from Gap Creek, and Webb & Tracey pubescent at matgin, otherwise glabrous abaxial- 10873, from Mt. Finnegan) differ from the othet ly and pubescent in proximal 1/2 adaxially, fruiting material seen in having pubescent (v.s. eglandular, lanceolate to oblanceolate, subulate at glabrate) exocarp. This appears to be their only apex, anther 0.6-1 mm long; disc glabrous, differential featute and it is a minor one. columnar, 1-1.3 mm long (similar in size and The GODWIN collection from Cook District is stipe-like in fruit); gynoecium 2.5-3.5 mm long, exceptional in that it has the characteristics of a ovary pubescent or sparsely so, style glabrous, theophyte. It has unusually narrow leaflet blades 1.5-2.5 mm long. Follicles erect of ascending, 4.5-7 X 1-1.4 cm and was taken from shrubby broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, 10-15 mm long, plants growing along a permanent stteam in rain rounded to ± obliquely truncate at apex and forest. often with upper-abaxial spur-like appendage to 2 mm long; exocatp brown or dark brown, dry, glabrate or rarely pubescent; endocarp glabrous, 3. Dinosperma longifolia T.G. Hartley, sp. nov. discharged with the seed at dehiscence. Seeds 8- 11 mm long; testa subcoriaceous, reddish brown Arbor ca. 4 m alta; ramulis novellis utpetiolis hirsutu- or blackish, dull to rather lustrous, nearly lis vel sparse hirsutulis; foliis oppositis vel verticillatis (in quoque nodo 3 vel 4), simplicibus, 15-30 cm longis, api- smooth. cem versus ramulorum ± confertis; petiolo 0.1-0.5 cm longo; lamina subcoriacea, glabra vel fere glabra, anguste DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY.—Nottheastern elliptica usque oblanceolata, 15-30 X 4-7.5 cm, basi anguste cordata, margine integra, apice acuta vel sub­ Queensland (Fig. 2B); rain forest from 230 to acuminata, venis primariis utrinsecus 23-27; inflores- 800 m. centiis paniculatis, multifloris, 18-30 cm longis, axe et ramis hispidulis, pedicellis glabris vel fere glabris, 2- SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—AUSTRALIA, 3 mm longis; alabastrìs solis visis; sepalis ciliolatis, aliter QUEENSLAND.—Cook District: Forster & Tucker glabris vel fere glabris, late ovatis, ca. 1 mm longis; peta- 4363, 6.8 km SE of Butchers Creek School, 500 m, lis (colore ignoto) anguste imbricatis, glabris, ovato-ellip- 13 June 1988, old fr. (CANB); Godwin C2581, head ticis, ca. 2 mm longis; staminibus pet ala fere of Roaring Meg Creek, 2000 ft., May 1984, bud, fr. aequantibus, filamento margine dense pilosuloso, aliter (BRI); Hoogland 8534, Davies Creek forestry road 10 abaxialiter glabris et adaxialiter in 1/2-1/3 distali pilo­ miles ENE of Mareeba, 1650 ft., 6 July 1962, fl. suloso, apicem versus glandes papillatis paucis praedito, (BRI, CANB); Hyland 6393, Timber Reserve 1230, sublineari, apice acuto, anthera ca. 0.5 mm longa; disco Boonjie logging area, 720 m, 3 Oct. 1972, fr. (BRI, L, glabro, annulari, ca. 0.3 mm alto; gynoecio glabro, ca. LAE, QRS); 6678, Boonjie logging area, 680 m, 7 1 mm longo, stylo ca. 0.5 mm longo; folliculis divarica- Feb. 1973, fl. (BRI, L, LAE, QRS); W.T.Jones 1498, tis, asymmetrice obovatis, ca. 20 mm longis, apice Davies Creek, 24 May 1960, fr. (CANB); Kajewski oblique truncatis; exocarpio brunneo, sicco, glabro; endo­ 1223, Boonjie, Ghurka Pocket, 800 m, 24 Sep. 1929, carpio glabro, sub dehiscentia cum semine aimisso; semi- fr. (A, BRI, MEL, NSW, NY); L.S. Smith 5271, nibus maturis ignotis. Davies Creek, 24 Aug. 1954, fr. (LAE); 10075, Mt. Lewis, Aug. 1957, fr. (BRI); 11113, Gap Creek about TYPE.—Nicholson 4018, Australia, Queensland, 38 km S of Cooktown, 230 m, 7 Sep. 1960, fr. (A, Cook District, State Forest Reserve 607, Freshwater BRI, L); 12062, Lock Creek about 14 miles SE of Creek, 11 Jan. 1966, bud, fr. (holo-, BRI!; iso-, Mareeba, 1700 ft., 20 Oct. 1962, fr. (A, BRI, L); QRS!). Webb & Tracey 5605, end of Davies Creek road, 1400 ft., 23 Jan. 1962, fr. (CANB); 10873, Mt. Finnegan, 300-600 m, 25 Aug. 1972, fr. (BRI, CANB).—North Tree about 4 m high. Young btanchlets like the Kennedy District: Dallachy s.n., Rockingham Bay, fr. petioles hitsutulous or sparsely so. Leaves oppo­ (MEL); Hyland RFK 1194, Kirrama, 650 m, 19 Oct. site or in whotls of 3 ot 4, simple, 15-30 cm 1967, fr. (QRS); L.S. Smith 4734, Koolmoon Creek, long, ± crowded towatd branchlet apices; petiole 30 Sep. 1950, fr. (BISH, BRI, CANB, LAE). 0.1-0.5 cm long; blade subcoriaceous, glabrous or nearly so, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, Dinosperma stipitata is most nearly related to D. 15-30 X 4-7.5 cm, base narrowly cordate, margin melanophloia (q.v.). entire, apex acute or subacuminate, main veins The two northernmost collections (L.S. Smith 23-27 pet side. Inflorescences paniculate, many-

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) 195 Hartley T.G.

flowered, 18-30 cm long, axis and branches his- 1: 360 (1863).—Lectotype (here designated): Hill & pidulous, pedicels glabrous or nearly so, 2-3 mm Mueller s.n., Australia, Queensland, Moreton District, Moreton Bay, fr. (MEL!). long. Flowers only seen in bud; sepals ciliolate, otherwise glabrous or nearly so, broadly ovate, about 1 mm long; petals (color unknown) nar­ Tree 9-23 m high. Young branchlets like the rowly imbricate, glabrous, ovate-elliptic, about leaf rachises and petioles glabrous or sparsely his- 2 mm long; stamens nearly as long as petals, fila­ pidulous. Leaves opposite (subopposite or alter­ ment densely pilosulose at margin, otherwise gla­ nate in occasional shoots), pinnate (with 1 or 2 brous abaxially and pilosulose in distal 1/2-2/3 pairs of leaflets) or digitately 3-foliolate (occa­ adaxially, with a few papillate glands toward sional leaves 1- or 2-foliolate), 5-20 cm long; proximal segment of rachis and petiole 1-5 cm apex, sublinear, acute at apex, anther about long; petiolule in lateral leaflets obsolete or up to 0.5 mm long; disc glabrous, annular, about 7 mm long, in terminal leaflet 1.5-20 (-30) mm 0.3 mm high; gynoecium glabrous, about 1 mm long; leaflet blades subcoriaceous, glabrous or long, style about 0.5 mm long. Follicles divari­ nearly so, ovate to elliptic, or narrowly so, 3-10 cate, asymmetrically obovate, about 20 mm long, (-12) X l-3(-5) cm, base acute to subattenuate, ± obliquely truncate at apex; exocarp brown, dry, inequilateral in lateral leaflets, margin entire or glabrous; endocarp glabrous, discharged with the inconspicuously glandular-crenulate, apex obtuse seed at dehiscence. Mature seeds unknown.— to acute or sometimes subacuminate, main veins Fig. 3. 10-17 per side. Inflorescences thyrsiform, sev­ eral- or many-flowered, nearly glabrous to hispi- DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY.—Known only dulous or puberulent, 3.5-9 cm long, pedicels from the type locality, in northeastern 1.5-5 mm long. Sepals ciliolate, otherwise nearly Queensland (Fig. 2A); rain forest at about glabrous or sparsely puberulent, ovate or ovate- 1000 m. triangular, 0.8-1 mm long; petals greenish cream, cream, or pale yellow, valvate, puberulent ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED (from the type locality).—Dansie2193, 6 Dec. 1961 (BRI). abaxially, especially toward margin, pubescent adaxially, especially in distal 1/2, elliptic to obo­ Dinosperma longifolia is at once recognizable by vate, or narrowly so, 3.5-4 mm long; stamens its large, basally cordate, nearly sessile leaves, about 3/4 as long as petals, filament ciliate or nearly glabrous, eglandular, gradually tapering large inflorescences, and large follicles. As far as from rather narrow base to subulate apex, anther known, the plant is correctly placed in 0.5-0.6 mm long; disc glabrous to appressed- Dinosperma, but the seeds at hand are very pubescent, pulvinate, about 0.5 mm high; immature and their embryo, which is minute, gynoecium 1.5-2 mm long, ovary glabrous to does not show the convolute cotyledons that are rather sparsely pubescent, style sparsely pilosu­ characteristic of the genus. Thus, the identifica­ lose in proximal 1/2-2/3, 1-1.5 mm long. tion is somewhat uncertain. Follicles divaricate, ellipsoid, 6-8.5 mm long, It is hoped that placing this rare and unusual rounded or obtuse at apex; exocarp orange to plant on the record will result in its rediscovery. red, subfleshy, glabrous or glabrate; endocarp Unfortunately, it is quite likely that the type glabrous, adnate at base, with the seed persistent locality is now flooded by an artificial lake (D.I. in dehisced follicle. Seeds 3.5-4.5 mm long; testa NICHOLSON, in litt.). coriaceous, black or bluish black, glossy, smooth or faintly wrinkled.

4. Dinosperma erythrococca (F. Muell.) T.G. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY.—Northeastern Hartley, comb. nov. Queensland to northeastern New South Wales Euodia erythrococca F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 28 (1858).— (Fig. 2C); rain forest (often dry) from 60 to Melicope erythrococca (F. Muell.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 1000 m.

196 ADANSONIA, ser. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—AUSTRALIA, Melville National Park, Altonmoui Range, 60 m, 8 QUEENSLAND.—Cook District: Dockrill 553, between May 1993, bud (CANB); Fell et al. 3225, Brown Iron Range and Portland Roads, 60 m, 12 Oct. 1972, Peak, 160 m, 9 May 1993, fl. (CANB); Flecker Nth fl., fr. (BRI, QRS); Fell & Stanton 3206, Cape Qld. Herb. 13285, Coen, Mt. White, 19 July 1949,

Fig. Z.—Dinosperma longifolia T.G. Hartley: A, flowering branchlet; B, detail of leaf bases; C, fruit; D, dorsllateral endocarp. (All from Nicholson 4018).

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) 197 Hartley T.G.

fl., fr. (NY); Hartley & Hyland 14121, Bridle Creek found that the monotetpenoid elemicin was the 12 miles SE of Mareeba, 21 Nov. 1973, fl., fr. principal constituent (90 percent) of the essential (CANB); Hyland RFK 865, State Forest Reserve 194, oil and that the triterpenoid lupeol was also pre­ 17°15'S, 145°25'E, 1000 m, 26 Sep. 1967 (QRS); RFK 949, State Forest Reserve 191, 17°25'S, sent, but not in the oil. They believed elemicin 145°30'E, 700 m, 29 Sep. 1967, bud, fr. (QRS); RFK to be the substance responsible for the above- 1000, State Forest Reserve 185, 17°10'S, 145°40'E, mentioned effects on humans. 760 m, 4 Oct. 1967, fl. (QRS); 3693, Atherton, 9 Apr. 1964, fr. (L); 6816, Rocky River, 75 m, 6 Sep. 1973, fl., fr. (CANB, QRS); Nicholson s.n., State Forest Reserve 185, Python logging area, 610 m, 3 PERRYODENDRON T.G. Hartley, gen. nov. Oct. 1967, fl., fr. (BRI, L, QRS); OFarrell 5, State Forest Reserve 185, Platypus logging area, 720 m, 20 Arbor, trichomatibus simplicibus; foliis oppositis, 1- Apr. 1971 (BRI, CANB, L, QRS); Sanderson 247, foliolatis; petiolo saepe distaliter tumido; petiolulo obsole­ State Forest Reserve 185, Downfall logging area, to; foliolii lamina pellucido-punctata, integra, 720 m, 18 June 1973 (QRS); L.S. Smith 3354, Juara pinnatinervi; inflorescentiis thyrsiformibus, axillaribus; Creek between Kairi and Danbulla, 19 Aug. 1947, floribus actinomorphis, bisexualibus, in alabastro globosis bud (CANB, LAE); Stocker 654, State Forest Reserve vel late ovoideis; sepalis 4, basi connatis, in fructu persis- 191, Wongabel, 760 m, 7 Apr. 1971, fr. (BRI, L, tentibus; petalis 4, distinctis, valvatis, adaxialiter apice LAE, NSW, QRS); Webb & Tracey 13371, Speewah uncinatis, recurvis, in fructu persistentibus; staminibus road SW of Kuranda, 400 m, July 1973 (CANB).— 8, distinctis, alternatim parum inaequalibus, filamento North Kennedy District: Hyland 6061, Barrabas sublineari, apice subulato, anthera late ellipsoidea, dorsi- Scrub, 300 m, 16 May 1972, ft., fr. (BRI, L, QRS).— fixa, introrsa; disco intrastaminali, late complanato, 8- Wide Bay District: C. Moore s.n., Wide Bay, fr. crenulato; gynoecio 4-loculato, 4-carpellato, carpellis in (MEL!), syntype; L.S. Smith 4118, Bingera, Oct. disco partim inclusis, in 1/4 proximali connatis et apice 1948 (BRI); 4169, Burnett Heads road, 29 Oct. a stylo junctis, placentatione axiali, ovulis in quoque 1948, fl. (BRI).—Burnett District: Bancroft s.n., loculo 2, collateralibus, stylo recto, filiis 4 cohaerentibus Eidsvold, fr. (A, BRI, NSW); Grove 110, Nanango, constanto, stigmate capitellato, 4-lobato; fructu ex folli- May 1918 (BRI).—Darling Downs District: F.M. culis 1-4 constanti, carpellis abortivis, si ullis, persistenti­ Bailey s.n., Gladfield, fr. (NSW); Longman 1, bus, folliculis in 1/4 proximali connatis, divaricatis, late Toowoomba, fr. (BRI); Tryon 87, Bunya Mts., Nov. compresso-ellipsoideis, exocarpio brunneo, sicco, endocar­ 1890, fr. (BRI).— Moreton District: Clemens s.n., pio cartilagineo, saltern dorsaliter adnato; seminibus in Yarraman Forest Reserve, 1400 ft., Aug. 1944, fr. (A, quoque folliculo 1 vel raro 2, compresso-ellipsoideis, post NY, UC, US); Jessup 179, upper Brookfield, 31 Mar. dehiscentiam persistentibus; testa hebetata, aliquanto 1979, fr. (CANB). NEW SOUTH WALES.—North tenui et fragili, parte interior nigra, sclerenchymata; Coast District: Baeuerlen s.n., Lismore, May 1894 endospermio copioso; embryone recta, cotyledonibus com- (NSW; Beckler s.n., Clarence River, fr. (MEL, W); planatis, ellipticis. Floyd s.n., Kangaroo River State Forest, Burns Scrub, 27 Sep. 1973 (CFSHB); W.T. Jones 3159, Unumgar, TYPE.—Perryodendron parviflorum (C.T. White) 20 Feb. 1966, fr. (CANB); McLean s.n., Casino, Apr. T.G. Hartley (= Melicopeparviflora C.T. White). 1918, fr. (BRI).

ETYMOLOGY.—For Dr. Lily May PERRY (1895- Dinosperma erythrococca is characterized mainly 1992), in recognition of her contributions to by its compound leaves and atttactively colored, Papuasian botany. subfleshy fruit with persistent endocatp and seeds. The common name for Dinosperma erythrococ­ ca is tingle tongue, which refers to a property of Perryodendron parviflorum (C.T. White) T.G. the bark to produce a tingling sensation when Hattley, comb. nov. placed in the mouth. Also, the bark is reputed to Melicope parviflora C.T. White, J. Arnold Arbor. 10: have irritating effects on the eyes of axemen cut­ 226 (1929).—Type: Brass 689, New Guinea, Papua, ting the trees. BANCROFT (1891) tested the Central Province, Iawarere, 1000 ft., 24 Nov. 1925, plant—presumably a decoction of the bark—on fl. (holo-, BRI!; iso-, A!, P!). frogs and found that it caused teflex excitability followed by paralysis and death. In a chemical Ttee 5-45 m high, trichomes simple. Young analysis of the batk JONES & WHITE (1930) branchlets like the petioles strigillose-puberulent

198 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

or glabrate; terminal bud puberulent to densely uate, margin entire, apex rounded to short-acu- appressed-pubescent. Leaves opposite, 1-foliolate, minate. Inflorescences thytsiform, axillary, many- 6-18 cm long; petiole often swollen distally, 0.5- flowered, 7.5-20 cm long, axis and branches 2 cm long; petiolule obsolete; leaflet blade subco- nearly glabrous to densely strigillose-puberulent, riaceous, glabrous or glabrate, pellucid-dotted, pedicels sparsely to densely strigillose-puberu- pinnately veined, elliptic to obovate or subor- lent, 1.5-3.5 mm long. Flowers actinomorphic, bicular, 5.5-17 X 2.5-8 cm, base acute to subatten- bisexual, globose to broadly ovoid in bud; sepals

Fig. 4.—Perryodendron parviflorum (C.T. White) T.G. Hartley: A, flowering branchlet; B, flowers; C, fruit. (A, B, Sayers NGF 21546; C, Aet & Idjan (Exped. van Dijk) 692).

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) 199 Hartley T.G.

4, connate at base, sparsely to densely strigillose- Division Geelvink Bay: Aet & Idjan (Exped. van Dijk) puberulent, broadly ovate or ovate-triangular, 692, Japen Island, Sei Papoma, 24 Aug. 1939, fr. (BO, L); Koster BW 11127, Japen Island, 0.6-0.7 mm long, persistent in fruit; petals 4, Samberbaba, 8 m, 7 July 1961, fl. (A, L, LAE); BW white to green or yellowish green, distinct, val- 15510, Mios Num Island, 10 m, 4 Aug. 1962 (L); vate, glabrous to densely strigillose-puberulent Kostermans & Soegeng 888, Biak Island, Parieri, 50 m, abaxially, glabrous to puberulent adaxially, ovate, 10 Sep. 1966, galled fr. (CANB, L); Moll BW 9645, 1.4-1.5 mm long, hooked adaxially at apex, Biak Island, Mansforbo, 40 m, 20 Nov. 1959, fr. (CANB, LAE, SING).—Division Jayapura: recurved, persistent in fruit; stamens 8, distinct, Kostermans & Soegeng 83, Hollandia, 100 m, 29 July alternately slightly unequal, the antesepalous 1966, fr. (CANB, L); 152, Hollandia, 100 m, 4 Aug. ones 1-1.3 mm long, filament glabrous, sublin- 1966, fl. (CANB, L); van Royen & Sleumer 6349, ear, subulate at apex, anther broadly ellipsoid, Dozai-Dafonsero path, 450 m, 1 Aug. 1961 (L).— 0.3-0.4 mm long, dorsifixed, introrse; disc intras- Division Fak Fak: Versteegh BW 7598, Genofa Mt., 1000 m, 26 Aug. 1960 (L, LAE).—Western Province: taminal, glabrous, broadly flattened, 8-crenulate; Pullen 7313, upper Fly River 2 miles N of Kiunga, gynoecium 4-loculate, 4-carpellate, 0.5-0.7 mm 300 ft., 14 Sep. 1967, galled fr. (CANB, L).— long, carpels partially embedded in the disc, Morobe Province: Sayers NGF 21546, Bugaiau, 4000 connate in proximal 1/4 and joined apically in ft., 6 Jan. 1965, fl. (CANB).—Central Province: Brass the style, ovary pubescent, placentation axile, 3915, Ononge road, Dieni, 500 m, Apr.-May 1933, fl., galled fr. (A, BO, L, NY, UC, US).—New Britain: ovules 2 per locule, collateral, style straight, gla­ Croft & Katik NGF 15593, Mt. Klangal, 25 miles brous, composed of 4 coherent stylar elements, NNE of Gasmata, 800 m, 16 May 1973, fl. (BISH, 0.2-0.4 mm long, stigma capitellate, 4-lobed. CANB, LAE); Frodin NGF 26910, Mt. Tangi, 3000 Fruit of 1-4 follicles, abortive carpels, if any, per­ ft., 30 May 1966, fl. (A, CANB). sistent; follicles connate in proximal 1/4, divari­ cate, broadly comptessed-ellipsoid, 4-4.5 mm Perryodendron is charactetized mainly by its long, exocarp brown, dry, wrinkled, glabrate, opposite, 1-foliolate leaves, bisexual flowers, 4- endocarp cartilaginous, adnate at least dorsally. merous calyx and corolla, 8-staminate androe- Seeds 1 or rarely 2 per follicle, compressed-ellip­ cium, broadly flattened disc, subapocarpous, 4- soid, about 3 mm long, persistent after dehis­ carpellate gynoecium, follicular fruit, adnate cence; testa dull, brown to blackish, minutely endocarp, exalate seeds, and dull, rather thin, granulate, rather thin and btittle, with innet brittle testa with inner layer of dense, black scle­ layer of dense, black sclerenchyma; endosperm renchyma. copious; embryo straight, cotyledons flattened, Tetractomia Hook, f., which ranges from elliptic.—Fig. 4. Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula eastward to the Solomon Islands (see HARTLEY 1979), is quite clearly the closest relative of Perryodendron, shar­ DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY.—Moluccas ing with it a number of features including oppo­ (Halmahera), New Guinea, and New Britain site, 1-foliolate leaves, bisexual, 4-merous flowers (Fig. 5); primary and secondary rain forest; near with broadly flattened disc, and follicular fruit sea level to 1800 m. with adnate endocarp. Unlike Perryodendron, among other differences, its testa is winged and SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—MOLUCCAS: Pleyte 340, Halmahera, Gunung Sembilan, 600 m, 29 is much thinner (but nevertheless has a sclerotes- Sep. 1951, fl. (A, K, L). NEW GUINEA.—Division ta, except in the wing) and its androecium is Vogelkop: Kalkman BW 6274, Beriat, about 12 km S composed of 4 stamens altetnating with 4 stami- of Teminaboean, 10 m, 23 Apr. 1958, fr. (A, CANB); nodes. Köster BW 1480, Salawati Island, Kaloal, 8 m, 19 Oct. 1956, galled fr. (CANB, L); BW 11788, Oemboei, near Andai, 30 m, 13 Nov. 1961, fl. (CANB, L, LAE); Mangold BW 2259, Onderaf. Ransiki, Lehoema, 1800 m, 12 Feb. 1957 (L, LAE); Menusefer PITAVLASTER T.G. Hartley, gen. nov. BW8179, Noeni, 60 m, 17 May 1960, fl. (CANB, L, LAE); Schram BW 7614, Wariki, about 50 km W of Frutex velarbor, trichomatibus simplicibus; foliis oppo- Manokwari, 5-10 m, 6 Aug. 1958, fl. (CANB, L).— sitis, 1-foliolatis; petiolo plerumque distaliter tumido;

200 ADANSONIA, ser. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

petiolulo obsoleto; foliolii lamina pellucido-punctata, li, annulari; gyneocio 4-loculato, 4-carpellato, carpellis Integra, pinnatinervi; inflorescentiis thyrsiformibus, axil- apice a stylo junctis, aliter distinctis, placentatione axiali, larwus; floribw actinomorphis, bisexualibus; sepalis 4, ovulis in quoque loculo 2, collateralibus, stylo recto, filiis basi vel usque 1/3 longituaine connatis, in fructu persis­ 4 cohaerentibus constanto, stigmate punctiformi, postre­ tentibus; petalis 4, distinctis, valvatis, adaxialiter apice mo inconspicue 4-partito; fructu drupaceo, 1-carpellato uncinatis, in fructu deciduis; staminibus 4, distinctis, (carpellis abortivis deciduis), 1-seminalis, ovoideo usque filamento sublineari, apice subulato, anthera ovoidea ellipsoideo, 15-20 mm longo, exocarpio nigra, carnoso, usque ellipsoidea, dorsifixa, introrsa; disco intrastamina- mesocarpio ligneo, endocarpio cartilagineo; semine ovoi-

Fig. 5.—Distributions of Perryodendron parviflorum (C.T. White) T.G. Hartley (triangles) and Pitaviaster haplophyllus (F. Muell.) T.G. Hartley (dots).

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19 (2) 201 Hartley T.G.

deo, 8-10 mm longo; testa tenuissima et fragili, parte introrse; disc intrastaminal, glabrous, annular; interior nigra, sclerenchymata; endospermio copioso; gynoecium 4-loculate, 4-carpellate, 1-1.2 mm embryone recta, cotyledonibus complanatis, ovatis. long, carpels joined apically in the style, other­ TYPE.—Pitaviaster haplophyllus (F. Muell.) T.G. wise distinct, ovary hirsutulous or pilosulose, pla- Hartley (= Euodia haplophylla F. Muell.). centation axile, ovules 2 per locule, collateral, style straight, glabrous, composed of 4 coherent ETYMOLOGY.—From Pitavia and the Latin suf­ stylar elements, 0.6-0.8 mm long, stigma puncti- fix -aster, incomplete resemblance, referring to form, finally becoming inconspicuously 4-parted. the state of similarity to that genus. Fruit a 1-seeded, 1-carpellate drupe (3 of the 4 carpels abortive and deciduous), ovoid to ellip­ soid, 15-20 mm long, exocarp black, fleshy, gla­ Pitaviaster haplophyllus (F. Muell.) T.G. brous, mesocarp woody, endocarp cartilaginous. Hartley, comb. nov. Seed ovoid, 8-10 mm long; testa black or brown­ ish black, very thin and fragile, with innet layer Euodia haplophylla F. Muell., Fragm. 5: 179 of dense, black sclerenchyma; endosperm (1866).—Acronychia haplophylla (F. Muell.) Engl, in copious; embryo straight, cotyledons flattened, Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 4: 180 ovate.—Fig. 6. (1896).—Type: Dallachy s.n., Australia, Queensland, North Kennedy District, in montibus litoralibus apud sinum Rockingham Bay, 17 Nov. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY.—Northeastern 1865, fl. (holo-, MEL!). Acronychia tetrandra F. Muell., Fragm. 9: 104 Queesland and a single station in southeastern (1875).—Jambolifera tetrandra (F. Muell.) Kuntze, Queensland (Fig. 5); rain forest and borders; Revis. Gen. PI. 1: 102 (1891); nom. illeg. super­ near sea level to 1100 m. fluous.

SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—AUSTRALIA, Shrub or tree 2.5-13 m high trichomes simple. QUEENSLAND.—Cook District: Blake 9771, foot of Young branchlets like the petioles nearly glabrous Mt. Bartle Frere, Josephine Creek, 60-90 m, 2 Oct. or transiently strigillose; terminal bud apptessed- 1935, fl., fr. (CANB); 15023, Babinda, 300-400 ft., 25 July 1943, fl., fr. (BRI, MEL); 15206, Boonjie, pubescent or sericeous-pubescent. Leaves oppo­ 2300-2400 ft., 25 Aug. 1943, fl., fr. (A, BRI, MEL); site, 1-foliolate, 9-26 cm long; petiole usually Brass 20254, Annan River, upper Parrot Creek, swollen distally, 1-3 cm long; petiolule obsolete; 500 m, 15 Sep. 1948, fl. (BRI, CANB); 33930, Mt. leaflet blade chartaceous or subcoriaceous, gla­ Lewis, 3500 ft., 3 Nov. 1968, fl. (QRS); Gray 1275, brous or nearly so (or rarely sparsely pubescent State Forest Reserve 933, Little Pine logging area, 100 m, 8 Feb. 1979, fr. (CANB); Hartley & Hyland below), pellucid-dotted, pinnately veined, elliptic 14095, Keoughs, Scrub, Heberton, 20 Nov. 1973, fl., to obovate, or narrowly so, 8-23 X 3-9 cm, base fr. (CANB); Henry Nth Qld. Herb. 3855, Millaa acute to attenuate, margin entire, apex acuminate Millaa, 25 Sep. 1937, fl. (QRS); Hyland 7789, State or sometimes acute. Inflorescences thyrsiform, Forest Reserve 191, Barron, 800 m, 14 Oct. 1974, fr., axillary, nearly glabrous to strigillose, several- or seedlings (QRS); Irvine 1573, 1 mile N of Crater National Park, 920 m, 10 Sep. 1975, fl. (CANB); many-flowered, 2.5-14 cm long, pedicels 2.5- W.T. Jones 1319, Little Mulgrave River, 19 Aug. 4.5 mm long. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual; 1959, fl. (CANB); Kajewski 1153, Gadgarra Reserve, sepals 4, connate at base or up to 1/3 their length, 800 m, 27 July 1929, fl., fr. (A, BRI, K, NY); 1236, puberulent, ovate-triangular, 0.8-1 mm long, Boonjie, 700 m, 28 Sep. 1929, fl. (A, BRI, NY); persistent in fruit; petals 4, white to yellow, dis­ Ladbrook 48, Johnstone River, Oct. 1917, fr. (BRI); Michael 397, Innisfail, fl. (BRI); Moriarty 1127, tinct, valvate, puberulent abaxially, sericeous- Boonjie, 760 m, 6 Sep. 1972, fl., fr. (CANB); 1959, pubescent adaxially at least at middle, ovate to State Forest Reserve 755, North Johnstone logging elliptic, 2-2.5 mm long, hooked adaxially at area, 520 m, 3 Mar. 1976, fl. (CANB); Risky 116, apex, deciduous in fruit; stamens 4, distinct, Reserve 310, Swipers logging area, 600 m, 2 Oct. 1973, fl. (QRS); Rudder 3651, State Forest Reserve about 3/4 as long as petals, filament sparsely 10, 15 miles E of Atherton, 600 m, 30 Dec. 1965, fr. pilosulose, sublinear, subulate at apex, anther (L); Sanderson 506, Mt. Lewis, North Mary logging ovoid to ellipsoid, 0.6-1 mm long, dorsifixed, area, 1000 m, 16 Oct. 1973, fl. (QRS); Sayer 109,

202 ADANSONIA, ser. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

Russell River, 1886, fl., fr. (MEL); Schodde 4182, Oct. 1962, fl. (CANB); Thome 20711, Palmerston Forest Reserve 99, Herberton Range, 3000 ft., 12 National Park, 22 Apr. 1959, fl. (CANB); Webb 868, Oct. 1964, fl. (AD, CANB); L.S. Smith 12061, Lock Malanda, 26 Aug. 1945, fl. (CANB); C.T White Creek about 14 miles SE of Mareeba, 1700 ft., 20 10690, Mt. Spurgeon, Sep. 1936, fl. (A, BM, BRI);

Fig. 6.—Pitaviaster haplophyllus (F. Muell.) T.G. Hartley: A, flowering branchlet; B, flowers; C, fruit; D, transverse section of fruit; E, seed. (A, Risley 116, B, Schodde 4182; C-E, Rudder3651).

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) 203 Hartley T.G.

11684, Etty Bay, 7 Dec. 1941 (A, BRI).—North CROSSOSPERMA T.G. Hartley, gen. nov. Kennedy District: Blake 9892, E of Ravenshoe, 990 m, 14 Oct. 1935, fl. (BRI); Dallachy s.n., Arbores apparenter dioeciae, trichomatibus simplicibus; Rockingham Bay, fl., fr. (BM, BRI, CANB, GH, K, foliis oppositis, digitate 3- vel 5-foliolatis (foliolis infimis L, W); Dockrill 1270, State Forest Reserve 251, in foliis 5-foliolatis redactis), saltern foliolo terminali Charmillin logging area, 750 m, 29 Sep. 1976, fl. petiolulato; foliolorum laminis pellucido-punctatis, inte- (CANB).—Wide Bay District: Williams s.n., Fraser gris, pinnatinervibus; inflorescentiis thyrsiformibus, axil- Island, 1 km SE of Lake Allom, 29 Aug. 1986, fr. laribus, ramigeris, vel cauligeris; floribus actinomorphis, (CANB). functionaliter unisexualibus; sepalis 4, basi vel usque 1/2 longitudine connatis, in fructu deciduis; petalis 4, dis- tinctis, imbricatis, in fructu deciduis; staminibus (in flo­ Pitaviaster is characterized mainly by its simple ribus 9 aliquantum redactis) 8, distinctis, alternatim trichomes, opposite, 1-foliolate leaves, bisexual inaequalibus, filamento sublineari, apice subulato usque flowers, 4-merous calyx and corolla, 4-staminate filiformi, anthera ovoidea (in floribus 9 complanata), androecium, 4-carpellate gynoecium in which the dorsifixa, introrsa; disco intrastaminali, in floribus S catpels are joined only in the style, punctiform anguste ovoideo usque ellipsoideo, in floribus 9 (ubi cognito) dolliformi; gynoecio omnino syncarpo, stipitato, stigma, comparatively large, black, fleshy, drupa­ in floribus o magnopere redacto, in floribus 9 (ubi ceous, 1-carpellate fruit in which the three abor­ cognito) 4-loculato, 4-carpellato, late stipitato, ovario tive carpels are deciduous, thin, ftagile testa with inconspicue 4-lobato, ambitu suborbiculari, placenta- inner layer of dense, black sclerenchyma, copious tione axiali, ovulis in quoque loculo 1, stigmate subses- endosperm, and flattened, ovate cotyledons. sili, late peltato, complanato, 4-lobato, lobis emarginatis; fructu valde aromatico, drupacea, omnino syncarpo, 4- Acronychia J.R. & G. Forst., which ranges from usque 8-loculato, late stipitato, epicarpio carnoso, endo­ eastern Australia and New Caledonia northwatd carpio tenuiter cartilagineo, 4-8 pyrenis lateraliter to Taiwan and the Himalayas (see HARTLEY complanatis 2-valvis formani; seminibus in quoque locu­ 1974, 1991), appeats to be the nearest relative of lo 1 vel interdum 2, lateraliter complanatis, asymmetrice obovato-triangularibus; testa rubiginosa, tenui, carnosa, Pitaviaster, sharing with it a number of charac­ dorsaliter margine fimbriato-alatis, ala usque 2.5 mm teristics including simple ttichomes, opposite, 1- lata; endospermio obsoleto; embryone recto, cotyledonibus foliolate leaves, bisexual flowers, 4-merous calyx complanatis, asymmetrice et late ovatis. and corolla, 4-carpellate gynoecium, punctiform stigma, fleshy, drupaceous fruit, testa with inner TYPE.—Crossosperma cauliflora T.G. Hartley. layer of dense, black sclerenchyma, copious endosperm, and flattened, ovate cotyledons. Trees, apparently dioecious, trichomes simple. Unlike Pitaviaster, among other differences, its Leaves opposite, digitately 3- or 5-foliolate (lower­ androecium is 8-staminate, its carpels are con­ most leaflets teduced in 5-foliolate leaves), at least nate at base of up to their full length, its fruit is the terminal leaflet petiolulate; leaflet blades pellu­ piactically always 4-catpellate (it is apparently cid-dotted, entire, pinnately veined. Inflorescences never 1-carpellate, and any carpels that are abor­ thyrsiform, axillary, ramigerous, or cauligerous. tive are petsistent), and its testa, patticulatly the Flowers actinomorphic, functionally unisexual; sclerotesta, is much thicker. sepals 4, connate at base ot up to 1/2 their length, deciduous in fruit; petals 4, distinct, imbricate, The rutaceous genus Pitavia Molina, which is deciduous in ftuit; stamens (in 2 flowets some­ monotypic and endemic to Chile, is similar to what reduced) 8, distinct, alternately unequal, fila­ Pitaviaster in genetal appearance, having oppo­ ment sublinear, subulate to filifoim at apex, site or whorled, simple leaves, axillary inflores­ anther ovoid (flattened in 2 flowers), dorsifixed, cences, rather small, 4-merous flowers, and fruit introrse; disc intrastaminal, in 6 flowers narrowly composed of 1-4 fleshy, apocarpous drupes 15- ovoid to ellipsoid, in 2 flowers (as far as known) 20 mm long. Unlike Pitaviaster, among other barrel-shaped; gynoecium completely syncarpous, differences, it has functionally unisexual, 8-sta­ stipitate, in S flowers greatly teduced, in 2 flow­ minate flowers, gland-tipped carpels, a thick, ers (as far as known) 4-loculate, 4-carpellate, fleshy testa, scant endosperm, and plano-convex broadly stipitate, ovary inconspicuously 4-lobed, cotyledons. suborbicular in outline, placentation axile, ovules

204 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

1 per locule, stigma subsessile, broadly peltate, The most exceptional feature of the genus is its flattened, 4-lobed, the lobes emarginate. Fruit a combination of indehiscent fruit and winged strongly aromatic, completely syncarpous, broad­ seeds. Elsewhere in the Rutaceae this condition is ly stipitate, 4- to 8-loculate drupe, epicarp fleshy, apparently known only in the Malesian genus endocarp thinly cartilaginous, forming 4-8 later­ Monanthocitrus Tanaka (see STONE & JONES ally flattened, 2-valved pyrenes. Seeds 1 or some­ 1988; STONE 1985; SWINGLE 1967), which in times 2 pet locule, laterally flattened, asym­ having armed branchlets, alternate leaves, and metrically obovate-triangular; testa reddish pluriovulate carpels is not a close relative of brown, thin, fleshy, fimbriate-winged at dorsal Crossosperma. margin, the wing up to 2.5 mm wide; endosperm The seeds of Crossosperma are tightly contained obsolete; embryo straight, cotyledons flattened, in flattened, 2-valved pyrenes. Although the asymmetrically and broadly ovate. winged testa is suggestive of specialization for wind dispersal, it is probably nothing more than ETYMOLOGY.—From the Greek krossos, fringe, a manifestation of the seed's growth within the and sperma, seed, referring to the fimbriate- narrow confines of the pyrene. There is no evi­ winged seed. dence that it has its origin in a wind-dispersed ancestor. The only rutaceous genera known to Functionally carpellate flowers are not known have winged, wind-dispersed seeds are Flindersia for Crossosperma velutina (Guillaumin) T.G. R. Br., which occurs in Australia, New Hartley. This represents a rathet major gap in Caledonia, New Guinea, and the Moluccas, our knowledge of the genus because they certain­ Chloroxylon DC. (southern India, Ceylon, and ly would not have the consistently 4-loculate, 4- Madagascar), Dictyoloma A. Juss. (South carpellate, 4-ovulate functional gynoecium seen America), and Tetractomia Hook. f. (Malesia), in C. cauliflora. This is evident in the fruit of C. and they are not close relatives of Crossosperma. velutina, which, unlike the consistently 4-locu­ Among other differences (in addition to their late, 4-seeded drupe seen in C. cauliflora, is 4- to dehiscent fruit), Flindersia, Chloroxylon, and 8-loculate with 1 or sometimes 2 seeds per loc­ Dictyoloma tend to have alternate, pinnately ule. The structure of the functionally staminate compound leaves (bipinnate in Dictyoloma), and flowers of C. velutina seemingly has little to offer their carpels are 4- to 8-ovulate (or sometimes 2- toward a resolution of this problem. The rudi­ ovulate in Flindersia), and Tetractomia has 1- mentary ovary, which is minute, was found to foliolate leaves, bisexual flowers, a flattened disc, have 4 or 5 locules in a few of the flowers exam­ and seeds with a scletotesta. Data are from the ined (in most of the flowers there were no carpel- literature for Chloroxylon (CAPURON 1961, 1967) lary locules), but in none of the locules were and Dictyoloma (ENGLER 1931). rudimentary ovules visible. Seemingly the closest relative of Crossosperma— As far as known, Crossosperma is characterized although it differs markedly in having pinnately mainly by its opposite, digitately compound compound leaves, terminal inflorescences, a 5- leaves, non-terminal inflorescences, functionally merous calyx, corolla, and androecium, only unisexual flowers, 4-merous calyx and corolla, 8- slightly flattened seeds with sclerenchymatous, merous androecium, 1-ovulate carpels, broadly exalate testa and somewhat copious endosperm— peltate stigma, strongly aromatic, fleshy, syncar­ is the eastern Asian genus Phellodendron Rupr. pous, drupaceous, broadly stipitate fruit with Among other features, it is similar to Crossosperma thinly cartilaginous pyrenes, and flattened seeds in having opposite leaves, functionally unisexual with fleshy, fimbriate-winged testa, obsolete endo­ flowers, 1-ovulate carpels, a broadly peltate func­ sperm, and broad, flattened cotyledons. Also tional stigma, a stipitate rudimentary gynoecium diagnostic is a condition seen in the functionally subtended by a ± columnar disc, strongly aroma­ staminate flowers in which the stipitate rudimen­ tic, fleshy, syncatpous, drupaceous, short-stipitate tary gynoecium is subtended by a narrowly ovoid fruit with thinly cartilaginous pyrenes, and seeds to ellipsoid disc. with flattened cotyledons.

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19 (2) 205 Hartley T.G.

Key to the species of Crossosperma

1. Inflorescences ramigerous or cauligerous; gynoecium and fruit glabrous 1. C. cauliflora 1'. Inflorescences axillary; gynoecium (as far as known) pubescent; fruit with at least sparse, minute trichomes toward base 2. C. velutina

1. Crossosperma cauliflora T.G. Hartley, or spatsely so, pedicels nearly glabrous or sparsely sp. nov. puberulent, 1-1.5 mm long. Flowers 8 or 9; sepals connate at base or up to 1/2 theit length, Arbor 6-8 m aha; ramulis novellis puberulis; gemma glabrous ot nearly so, 0.8-1 mm long, the free terminali velutina; foliis 5-foliolatis, 40-47 cm longis; portion ovate or ovate-ttiangular; petals white, petiolo adaxialiter saltern basi versus puberulo, aliter gla­ bro, 14-16 cm longo; petiolulo terminali 30-35 mm sparsely strigillose in proximal 1/2 adaxially or longo; foliolorum laminis coriaceis, glabris vel subtus in glabrous, elliptic, about 3 mm long; staminal costa sparse puberulis, obovatis, in foliolo terminali 22- filaments pilosulose in ptoximal 1/2-3/4 at 28 X 12-13 cm, basi in foliolis lateralibus acutis usque margin and adaxially; antesepalous stamens in 8 attenuatis, in foliolo terminali attenuatis, apice rotunda- tis usque anguste obtusis vel subacutis; inflorescentiis flowets 3-3-5 mm long (about 2.5 mm long in 9 ramigeris vel cauligeris, pluri- vel multifloris, 3-7 cm flowers), anther about 0.5 mm long (about longis, axe et ramis puberulis vel sparse puberulis, pedi- 0.4 mm long in 9 flowers); disc glabrous, in 8 cellis fere glabris vel sparse puberulis, 1-1.5 mm longis; flowers about 1 mm long, in 9 flowers about floribus o vel 9; sepalis basi vel usque 1/2 longitudine 0.5 mm long; gynoecium glabrous, in 8 flowers connatis, glabris vel fere glabris, 0.8-1 mm longis, parte libra ovata vel ovato-triangulari; petalis albis, glabris vel the stipe about 0.8 mm long, the ovary about abaxialiter in 1/2 proximali sparse strigillosis, ellipticis, 0.3 mm diam., the stigma about 0.15 mm wide, ca. 3 mm longis; filamentis staminum margine et in 9 flowers the stipe about 0.3 mm long, the adaxialiter in 112-314 proximali pilosulosis; staminibus ovary about 1.5 mm diam., the stigma about antesepalis in floribus o 3-3.5 mm longis (in floribus 9 ca. 2.5 mm longis), anthera ca. 0.5 mm longa (in flori­ 2 mm wide. Fruit 4-loculate, reddish, glabrous, bus 9 ca. 0.4 mm longa); disco glabro, in floribus 6 ca. 4-angled, suborbicular in outline, about 30 mm 1 mm longo, in floribus 9 ca. 0.5 mm longo; gynoecio diam. (stipe about 5 mm long excepted). Seeds 1 glabro, in floribus

TYPE.—MacKee 26830, Nouvelle-Calédonie, ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED (both from the Ponérihouen, pente est du Mt. Aoupinié, 500-600 m, type locality).—MacKee 26612, 500-600 m, 27 Apr. 21 June 1973, fr. (holo-, P!; iso-, NOU, P). 1973, fl. S (P); 31222, 550 m, 10 May 1976, fl. 9, young fr. (CANB). Tree 6-8 m high. Young branchlets puberulent; tetminal bud velutinous. Leaves 5-foliolate, 40- Crossosperma cauliflora is characterized mainly 47 cm long; petiole puberulent adaxially at least by its famigetous or cauligerous inflorescences, toward base, otherwise glabrous, 14-16 cm long; its 4-loculate fruit, and its glabrous disc, gynoe­ terminal petiolule 30-35 mm long; leaflet blades cium, and fruit. cotiaceous, sparsely puberulent on midrib below In the specimens at hand the branchlets have or glabrous, obovate, in terminal leaflet 22-28 X been cut in such a way that the leaf arrangement 12-13 cm, base in lateral leaflets acute to atten­ cannot be determined. This problem was re­ uate, in tetminal leaflet attenuate, apex rounded solved by Madame Christiane TlREL, who exami­ to narrowly obtuse or subacute. Inflorescences ned the duplicates housed at P and reported (in ramigerous or cauligerous, several- or many-flow­ litt.) that in MacKee 26830 and 31222 the arran­ ered, 3-7 cm long, axis and branches puberulent gement is shown to be opposite.

206 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

Fig. 7 —Crossosperma velutina (Guillaumin) T.G. Hartley: A, flowering branchlet; B, functionally stamlnate flowers; C, fruit; D, seed— Crossosperma cauliflora T.G. Hartley: E, functionally stamlnate flowers; F, functionally carpellate flowers. (A, B, McPherson 5821; C, D, MacKee 32612; E, MacKee 26612; F, MacKee 31222).

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) 207 Hartley T.G.

2. Crossosperma velutina (Guillaumin) T.G. or subacuminate. Inflorescences axillary, many- Hartley, comb. nov. flowered, 9-13 cm long, axis and branches puber- ulent or short-velutinous, pedicels puberulent or Melicope velutina Guillaumin, Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. sparsely so, 0.6-1.5 mm long. Flowers 6: sepals Nat., sér. B, Bot. 8: 68 (1957).—Type: Baumann- connate at base or up to 1/2 their length, sparse­ Bodenheim 15267, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Mois de ly puberulent, 0.6-1 mm long, the free portion Mai, 350 m, 16 Aug. 1951, bud S (holo-, P!; iso-, L!, NY!). ovate-triangular or triangular; petals white, near­ ly glabrous or sparsely puberulent abaxially, gla­ Tree 3-15 m high. Young branchlets and termi­ brous adaxially, elliptic, about 3 mm long; nal bud velutinous. Leaves 3- or 5-foliolate, 16- staminal filaments pilose in proximal 1/2-3/4, 56 cm long; petiole velutinous at least adaxially especially adaxially; antesepalous stamens 3- toward base, 5.5-17 cm long; terminal petiolule 4 mm long, anther 0.6-0.8 mm long; disc pubes­ 8-35 mm long; leaflet blades coriaceous, nearly cent distally, otherwise glabrous, 1-1.5 mm long; glabrous or velutinous (at least on midfib) below, rudimentary gynoecium pubescent, stipe 0.6- glabrous or with puberulent to short-velutinous 1 mm long, ovary about 0.15 mm diam., stigma midrib above, obovate or oblanceolate (in re­ about 0.15 mm wide. Fruit 4- to 8-loculate, yel­ duced leaflets sometimes elliptic), in terminal low, spaisely pubescent or with at least sparse, leaflet 10-35 X 3.5-15 cm, the base in lateral leaf­ minute trichomes toward base, 4- to 8-angled, lets acute to attenuate, often inequilateral, in ter­ suborbicular in outline, 20-35 mm diam. (stipe minal leaflet narrowly cuneate to attenuate, apex 6-10 mm long excepted). Seeds 1 of sometimes 2 acute or sometimes rounded, emarginate, obtuse, per locule, 11-15x8-10 mm.—Fig. 7A-D.

Fig. 8.—Distributions of Crossosperma cauliflora T.G. Hartley (triangle), C. velutina (Gulllaumln) T.G. Hartley (dots), and Dutailliopsis gordonii T.G. Hartley (square).

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

Fig. 9.—Dutailliopsis gordonii T.G. Hartley: A, flowering branohlet; B, flowers at anthesls; C, post-anthesis flower; D, fruit; E, trans­ verse section of fruit showing endocarp; F, outer surface of endocarp; G, seed. (A-C, Veillon 5993; D-G, McPherson 5844).

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) 209 Hartley T.G.

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY.—Disjunct be­ margine integris, apice acutis; inflorescentiis thyrsiformi- tween northern and southern New Caledonia bus, axillarwus, plurifloris, 3-7 cm longis, axe glabro, ramis fere glabris usque puberulis, pedicellis appresse (Fig. 8); rain forest from 150 to 700 m; on ultra- pubescentibus, 2.5-3 mm longis; floribus actinomorphis, basic soil except in the north. bisexualibus; sepalis 4, basi connatis, glabris vel basin versus sparse pubescentibus, ovatis, ca. 5 mm longis, in ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NEW fructu deciduis; petalis 4, cremeis, distinctis, valvatis, CALEDONIA: MacKee 32612, Riv. Bleue, 150 m, 9 Jan. abaxialiter appresse pubescentibus, adaxialiter in 113 1977, fr. (CANB); McPherson 4194, below Mandjelia, proximali sparse pubescentibus, anguste ellipticis, ca. 600 m, 23 Sep. 1981, fr. (CANB); 4474, Riv. Bleue, 8 mm longis, adaxialiter apice uncinatis, recurvescenti- 150 m, 15 Dec. 1981, fr. (CANB); 5821, valley of bus, in fructu deciduis; staminibus 4, distinctis, antese- Riv. des Pirogues, 350 m, 4 Oct. 1983, fl.

210 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Australasian Rutaceae

Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual; sepals 4, the type locality): Veillon 5895, 180 m, 5 Jan. connate at base, sparsely pubescent toward base 1985, bud (CANB); 5993, 170 m, 9 Apr. 1986, or glabrous, ovate, about 5 mm long, deciduous fl. (CANB); 7269, 200 m, 20 June 1990, fr. in fruit; petals 4, cieam, distinct, valvate, ap- (CANB). pressed-pubescent abaxially, spatsely pubescent in proximal 1/3 adaxially, narrowly elliptic, Dutailliopsis is characterized mainly by its about 8 mm long, hooked adaxially at apex, simple trichomes, opposite of whorled, digitately becoming tecutved, deciduous in fruit; stamens 3-foliolate leaves, bisexual flowers, 4-merous 4, distinct, antesepalous, alternating with 4 dis­ calyx and corolla, 8-merous androecium consis­ tinct staminodes, about 7 mm long (staminodes ting of 4 distinct stamens alternating with 4 dis­ about 5 mm long), filament pubescent in pro­ tinct staminodes, punctiform stigma, ximal 1/2-3/4, sublinear, subulate at apex (fila­ syncarpous, dfupaceous, 4-loculate fruit, and ment the same in staminodes), anthet ellipsoid, manifestly sculptured endocarp. about 2 mm long, obtusely muctonate, dorsi- The endemic New Caledonian genus fixed, introtse (anther in staminodes flattened, Dutaillyea Baill. (see HARTLEY 1984) appears to about 1 mm long); disc intrastaminal, glabrous, be the closest telative of Dutailliopsis, sharing pulvinate, inconspicuously 8-lobed, about 1 mm with it a numbef of features including opposite, high; gynoecium completely syncatpous, 4-locu- digitately 3-foliolate leaves, bisexual flowers, 4- late, 4-carpellate, glabrous, ovary conoidal, about merous calyx and corolla, 8-merous androecium 1.5 mm long, placentation axile, ovules 2 per consisting of 4 distinct stamens alternating with locule, superposed, style straight, 2-4 mm long, 4 staminodes, small stigma, and syncarpous, dru­ stigma punctifotm. Ftuit a completely syncar- paceous, 4-loculate fruit. Unlike Dutailliopsis, pous, yellow-orange, 4-loculate drupe, ovoid to among other differences, its trichomes are com­ subglobose, about 25 mm long, apex abruptly pound (stellate to lepidote), its staminodes are narrowed; epicatp fleshy; endocarp hard-carti­ epipetalous, and its endocatp is not sculptuted. laginous, outet surface manifestly serrate-winged In its sharply sculptuted endocarp and thick and sharply tubetculate, innet surface pitted but sclerotesta Dutailliopsis is highly specialized for otherwise smooth and polished. Seeds 1 per endozoochory. I have not seen similat endocatp locule, ± triquetrous, asymmetrically elliptic in elsewhere in the Rutaceae. outline, 7-8 mm long, tough, black and some­ what enlatged at chalazal end, otherwise reddish brown or blackish, with yellow, fleshy, petsistent Acknowledgements funiculus; testa with thin, subfleshy outer layer I wish to thank the directors and curators of the her­ baria mentioned in the text for making specimens in and thick inner layer of dense, black scleren- their care available to me. Sincere thanks are also chyma; endosperm copious; embryo sttaight, extended to Jean-Marie VEILLON, who made special cotyledons flattened, elliptic.—Fig. 9. trips afield to collect the flowering material of Dutailliopsis, to Madame Christiane TlREL, who, as ETYMOLOGY.—From Dutaillyea and the Greek mentioned, provided helpful information on dupli­ cates of Crossosperma housed at P, and to Donald opsis, likeness, referring to the similarity to that FoRTESCUE, who prepared the line drawings. genus. The specific epithet commemorates Gotdon MCPHERSON of Missouri Botanical Gatden, who collected the type. REFERENCES DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY.—Known only from the type locality, in southern New BANCROFT J. 1891.—Preliminary notes on some new Caledonia (Fig. 8); rain forest from 150 to poisonous plants. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 8: 35- 36. 200 m; on ulttabasic soil. BERG R.Y. 1975.—Myrmecochorous plants in Australia and their dispersal by ants. Austral. J. Bot. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—(all from 23: 475-508.

ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19 (2) 211 Hartley T.G.

CAPURON R. 1961.—Contributions ä l'etude de la Australian Acronychia (Rutaceae). Austral. Syst. Bot. flore forestiere de Madagascar. Adansonia, ser. 2, 1: 4: 445-448. 65-82. HARTLEY T.G. submitted.—On the taxonomy and CAPURON R. 1967.—Nouvelles observations sur les biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae). Rutacees de Madagascar. Adansonia, ser. 2, 7: 479- Allertonia. 500. JONES T.G.H. & WHITE M. 1930.—Chemical ENGLER A. 1931.—Rutaceae: 187-358, in ENGLER A. constituents of the bark of Melicope erythrococca. & PRANTL K. (eds.), Die natürlichen Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 41: 154-157. Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, 19a. Wilhelm Englemann, KALLUNKI J.A. 1992.—A revision of Erythrochiton Leipzig. sensu lato (Cuspariinae, Rutaceae). Brittonia 44: HARTLEY T.G. 1974.—A revision of the genus 107-139. Acronychia (Rutaceae). /. Arnold Arbor. 55: 469- NG K.M., BUT P., GRAY A.I., HARTLEY T.G., KONG 523, 525-567. Y.-C. & WATERMAN P.G. 1987.—The biochemi­ HARTLEY T.G. 1977a.—A revision of the genus cal systematics of Tetradium, Euodia and Melicope Acradenia (Rutaceae). /. ArnoldArbor. 58: 171-181. and their significance in the Rutaceae. Biochem. HARTLEY T.G. 1977b.—A revision of the genus Syst. Ecol. 15: 587-593. Bosistoa (Rutaceae)./. Arnold Arbor. 58: 416-436. STONE B.C. 1985.—New and noteworthy HARTLEY T.G. 1979.—A revision of the genus Tetrac- Paleotropical species of Rutaceae. Proc. Acad. Nat. tomia (Rutaceae)./. Arnold Arbor. 60: 127-153. Sci. Philadelphia 137: 213-228. HARTLEY T.G. 1981.—A revision of the genus STONE B.C. & JONES D.T. 1988.—New and note­ Tetradium (Rutaceae). Gard. Bull. Singapore 34: worthy Rutaceae-Aurantioideae from northern 91-131. Borneo. Studies in Malesian Rutaceae, V. Proc. HARTLEY T.G. 1982.—A revision of the genus Sarco- Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 140: 267-274. melicope (Rutaceae). Austral. J. Bot. 30: 359-372. SWINGLE W.T. 1967.—The botany of Citrus and its HARTLEY T.G. 1984.—A revision of the genus wild relatives: 190-429, in REUTHER W., WEBBER Dutaillyea (Rutaceae). Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., H.J. & BATCHELOR L.D. (eds.), The citrus industry, B, Adansonia 6: 29-35. revised ed., vol. 1. Division of Agricultural HARTLEY T.G. 1991.—A new combination in Sciences, University of California.

Manuscript received 30 June 1997; revised version accepted 25 August 1997.

212 ADANSONIA, ser. 3 • 1997 • 19(2)