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Five New Rain Forest Genera of Australasian Rutaceae

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Five New Rain Forest Genera of Australasian Rutaceae New genera of Australasian Rutaceae Five new rain forest genera of Australasian Rutaceae Thomas G. HARTLEY Australian National Herbarium, Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. ABSTRACT The new genera Dinosperma (Australia; four species), Perryodendron (Moluccas, New Guinea, and New Britain; one species), Pitaviaster KEYWORDS (Australia; one species), Crossosperma (New Caledonia; two species), and Rutaceae, new genera, Dutailliopsis (New Caledonia; one species) are proposed. Three new species Australasian. are described and six new combinations are established. RÉSUMÉ Les nouveaux genres Dinosperma (Austtalie ; quatre espèces), Perryodendron (Moluques, Nouvelle-Guinée et Nouvelle-Bretagne ; une es-pèce), Pitaviaster MOTS CLES (Australie ; une espèce), Crossosperma (Nouvelle-Calédonie ; deux espèces), et Rutaceae, nouveaux genres, Dutailliopsis (Nouvelle-Calédonie ; une espèce) sont proposés. Trois nou­ Australasie. velles espèces sont décrites et six nouvelles combinaisons sont établies. In my continuing taxonomic study of Austra- Pitaviaster, which is monotypic and endemic to lasian-Malesian Rutaceae I have encounteted eastern Australia, accomodates E. haplophylla nine species—four originally described in F. Muell.; (4) Crossosperma, which is endemic to Melicope J.R. & G. Forst., two in Euodia J.R. & New Caledonia, accomodates M. velutina G. Forst., and three undescribed—which in theii Guillaumin and a new species; and (5) motphology appear to stand outside acceptable Dutailliopsis, which is monotypic and endemic limits of previously described genera. The fol­ to New Caledonia, accommodates a new species. lowing new genera are proposed for these plants: If these new genera were to be placed in the (1) Dinosperma, which is endemic to eastern classification proposed by ENGLER (1931), in Australia, accomodates M. melanophloia C.T. what is the standard major work on the White, M. stipitata C.T. White & Francis, E. Rutaceae, Dinosperma, Perryodendron, and erythrococca F. Muell., and a new species; (2) Pitaviaster would be assigned to the subfamily Perryodendron, which is monotypic and occurs in Rutoideae Engler, tribe Zanthoxyleae Hook, f., the Moluccas, New Guinea, and New Britain, wheteas Crossosperma and Dutailliopsis would be accommodates M. parviflora C.T. White; (3) put in the subfamily Toddalioideae Engl., tribe ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) 189 Hartley T.G. Toddalieae Hook. f. There is doubt that pellis abortivis, si ullis, persistentibus, folliculis basi vel ENGLER'S circumscriptions of these taxa tepresent usque 1/6 longitudine connatis, exocarpio sicco vel sub- carnoso, endocarpio basi adnato vel soluto et sub dehis- natutal groupings, however (see, for example, centia cum semine dimisso; seminibus in quoque folliculo HARTLEY 1981, 1982, and NG et al. 1987), so 1 vel raro 2, ovoideis usque ellipsoideis; testa hebetata for the present the genera are simply compared usque nitida, pergamentacea usque coriacea, laevi vel to what appear to be theit nearest relatives, leviter rugulosa; endospermio obsoleto; cotyledonibus without futthet reference to theit subfamilial or complanatis, in semine convolutis et plicatis; cotyledoni­ bus in plantula epigaeis, foliaceis, transverse ellipticis. tribal classification. Inflorescences in the new geneta ate com­ TYPE.—Dinosperma melanophloia (C.T. White) pound, usually with two or more orders of bran­ T.G. Hartley (= Melicope melanophloia C.T. White). ching. The term thytsiform is used to describe those in which the ptimary branches are oppo­ Shrubs or trees, trichomes simple. Leaves oppo­ site. Those described as paniculate have alternate site ot whorled (in occasional shoots subopposite primary branches. or alternate), pinnate (with 1 ot 2 paits of leaf­ The tetm testa is used to describe the part of lets), digitately 3-foliolate, 1-foliolate, ot simple; the seed that is believed to be derived from the blades pellucid-dotted, pinnately veined. outet integument of the ovule. In Perryodendron, Inflorescences thyrsiform to paniculate, terminal Pitaviaster, and Dutailliopsis the testa has an or terminal and axillary. Flowers actinomotphic, inner layer of dense, black sclerenchyma (the bisexual; sepals 4, connate at base or up to 1/3 sclerotesta), and immediately internal to it is a their length, petsistent in fruit; petals 4, distinct, zone of fragile, thin-walled cells which is believed narrowly imbricate or valvate, ± hooked adaxially to represent the innet integument. Seeds of at apex, deciduous in fruit; stamens 8, distinct, Dinosperma and Crossosperma do not have a scle­ alternately ± unequal, filament flattened, sub- rotesta, and they seem to lack an innet integ­ linear to oblanceolate, acute ot subulate at apex, ument. anther ovoid to ellipsoid, dotsifixed, introrse; disc inttastaminal, annular, pulvinate, ot colum­ Pollen of the new geneta is described in my nar; gynoecium 4-loculate, 4-catpellate, catpels study of Euodia and Melicope (submitted fot connate at base or up to 1/3 their length and publication). It is not diagnostic. joined subapically in the style, placentation axile, ovules 2 per locule, subcollateral or superposed, style sttaight, composed of 4 coherent stylar ele­ DINOSPERMA T.G. Hartley, gen. nov. ments, stigma punctiform or capitellate. Fruit of 1-4 follicles, the abortive carpels, if any, persis­ Frútices vel arbores, trichomatibus simplicibus; foliis tent; follicles connate at base ot up to 1/6 their oppositis vel verticillatis (in surculis aliquot suboppositis length, exocarp dry or subfleshy, endocatp ad- vel alternis), pinnatis (1- vel 2-jugis), digitate 3-folioui- tis, 1-foliolatis, vel simplicibus; laminis pellucido-punc- nate at base or separate and dischatged with the tatis, pinnatinervibus; inflorescentiis thyrsiformibus seed at dehiscence. Seeds 1 or rarely 2 per fol­ usque paniculatis, terminalibus vel terminalibus et axil- licle, ovoid to ellipsoid; testa dull to glossy, per- laribus; floribus actinomorphis, bisexualibus; sepalis 4, gamentaceous to coriaceous, smooth ot faintly basi vel usque 1/3 longitudine connatis, in fructu persis- wrinkled; endospetm obsolete; cotyledons flat­ tentibus; petalis 4, distinctis, anguste imbricatis vel val- vatis, adaxialiter apice í uncinatis, in fructu deciduis; tened, convolute and folded. Cotyledons in the staminibus 8, distinctis, alternatim ± inaequalibus, fila­ seedling epigeous, foliaceous, ttansversely elliptic. mento complanato, sublineari usque oblanceolato, apice acuto vel subulato, anthera ovoidea usque ellipsoidea, dorsifixa, introrsa; disco intrastaminali, annulari, pulvi- ETYMOLOGY.—From the Greek dittos, whirl, nato, vel columnari; gynoecio 4-loculato, 4-carpellato, and sperma, seed, referring to the convolute coty­ carpellis basi vel usque 113 longitudine connatis et api- ledons. cem versus a stylo junctis, placentatione axiali, ovulis in quoque loculo 2, subcollateralibus vel superpositis, stylo recto, filiis 4 cohaerentibus constanto, stigmate punctifor- Dinosperma is characterized mainly by its oppo­ mi vel capitellato; fructu ex folliculis 1-4 constanti, car­ site or whotled leaves, terminal inflorescences, 190 ADANSONIA, Ser. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) New genera of Ausrralasian Ruraceae bisexual flowers, 4-merous calyx and corolla, 8- and complexly folded, and in the Neotropical merous androecium, 4-merous, subapocarpous subttibe Cuspariinae Engl., in which, according gynoecium, 2-ovulate carpels, follicular fruit to KALLUNKI (1992), the cotyledons are com­ which at dehiscence (except in D. erythrococca) monly folded. Neither of these taxa ate close discharges the endocarp with the seed, perga- relatives of Dinosperma. Among other dif­ mentaceous to coriaceous testa without scletotes- ferences, Micromelum has alternate leaves and ta, obsolete endosperm, and flattened cotyledons indéhiscent fruit, and genera of the Cuspariinae which in the seed are convolute and folded. tend to have zygomorphic flowers, united petals, The endemic eastern Australian genera Bosistoa and basally appendaged anthets. F. Muell. ex Benth., Bouchardatia Baill., and Dinosperma is unusually vatiable in its ftuit. In Acradenia Kippist (see HARTLEY 1977a, 1977b) D. erythrococca (F. Muell.) T.G. Hartley the exo- are the closest relatives of Dinosperma, sharing carp is attractively colored (orange to ted) and with it, among other features, opposite leaves, subfleshy and the endocatp and seed temain at­ terminal inflorescences, bisexual, obdiplostemo- tached in the dehisced follicle. In the othet thtee nous flowers, subapocarpous gynoecium, follicu­ species the exocarp is brown and dry and the lar fruit which at dehiscence dischatges the endocarp is elastically dischatged with the seed at endocarp with the seed, petgamentaceous testa dehiscence. In all four species the endocatp is without scletotesta, and obsolete endospetm. cartilaginous except in the region of the axile pla­ Unlike Dinosperma, their cotyledons ate plano­ centa, where it is membranaceous. This membra­ convex and are neithet convolute nor folded. naceous portion, the ventral endocatp (see Fig. Also, among other differences, Bosistoa has 5- IE), is only pattly distinct in M. erythrococca, merous flowets with 4-6 ovules per carpel, whereas in the other species it separates from the Bouchardatia has 6-8 ovules per carpel, and rest of the endocatp, the dorsilatetal endocarp Acradenia has 5- or 6-merous flowers. (see Fig. ID), and is more or less persistent on From the foregoing it is evident that the main the discharged
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