Zootaxa 3800 (1): 001–101 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3800.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E17389E8-5480-42EC-9039-D5BE822F1A75 ZOOTAXA

3800

Diversity, host association, and cocoon variability of reared Indian (: )

ANKITA GUPTA1 & JOSÉ L. FERNÁNDEZ-TRIANA2 1National Bureau of Agriculturally Important , Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, 2Canadian National Collection of Insects, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada Corresponding author-E-mail: [email protected]

Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand

Accepted by J. Jennings: 26 Mar. 2014; published: 22 May 2014 ANKITA GUPTA & JOSÉ L. FERNÁNDEZ-TRIANA Diversity, host association, and cocoon variability of reared Indian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Bra- conidae) (Zootaxa 3800) 101 pp.; 30 cm. 22 May 2014 ISBN 978-1-77557-388-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-389-0 (Online edition)

FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2014 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/

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ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition)

2 · Zootaxa 3800 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GUPTA & FERNÁNDEZ-TRIANA Table of contents

Abstract ...... 3 Introduction ...... 3 Materials and Methods ...... 4 Photographs ...... 5 Results and Discussion ...... 5 Genus Apanteles Förster (Figures 1C−22, 27−30, 107−120) ...... 6 Genus Buluka de Saeger (Figures 31, 32, 121, 122) ...... 7 Genus Cotesia Cameron (Figures 33−53, 123−135) ...... 7 Genus Diolcogaster Ashmead (Figures 54, 136) ...... 8 Genus Distatrix Mason (Figs 55−56, 137) ...... 8 Genus Dolichogenidea Viereck (Figures 23−26, 57−63, 138−144) ...... 9 Genus Fornicia Brulle (Figures 64, 145) ...... 9 Genus Glyptapanteles Ashmead (Figures 65−82, 146−156) ...... 10 Genus Microgaster Latreille ...... 11 Genus Microplitis Förster (Figures 83−86, 157−164) ...... 11 Genus Neoclarkinella Rema & Narendran (Figure 165) ...... 11 Genus Parapanteles Ashmead (Figures 87−92, 105−106, 166−167) ...... 11 Genus Protapanteles Ashmead (Figures 93, 95−100) ...... 12 Conclusions ...... 12 Acknowledgements ...... 13 Photo credit ...... 13 References ...... 14 Table ...... 16 Figure ...... 23

Abstract

Nearly 3,500 specimens of microgastrine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were reared during caterpillar surveys un- dertaken in 2010-2013 across India, covering 16 States and one Union Territory (Andaman & Nicobar islands), and de- posited in the National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore, India. The caterpillar inventory recovered over two hundred morpho-species within 22 families of and yielded 90+ morpho-species of microgastrine wasps distributed among 13 genera: Apanteles Förster, Buluka de Saeger, Cotesia Cameron, Diolcogaster Ashmead, Dis- tatrix Mason, Dolichogenidea Viereck, Fornicia Brulle, Glyptapanteles Ashmead, Microgaster Latreille, Microplitis Förster, Neoclarkinella Rema & Narendran, Parapanteles Ashmead, and Protapanteles Ashmead. Records of hyperpara- sitoids are also included: Mokrzeckia menzeli Subba Rao (Pteromalidae), Pachyneuron groenlandicum (Holmgren) (Pter- omalidae), Pediobius foveolatus (Crawford) (Eulophidae), Trichomalopsis thekkadiensis Sureshan & Narendran (Pteromalidae), Eurytoma sp., and Pediobius sp. (). The present study adds eight new host records and pro- vides illustrations of 40 species of wasps (including types). A comprehensive list of microgastrine genera, host caterpillar species, host plants, cocoon colour, structure and spinning pattern, and hyperparasitoids is provided. Numerous photo- graphs of parasitized caterpillars, cocoons (number/arrangement), associated host plants, and adult wasps are also provid- ed. The Indian species Deuterixys ruidus (Wilkinson, 1928) is transferred to the genus Cotesia based on the shape and sculpture of the first and second mediotergites: Cotesia ruidus (Wilkinson) comb. nov. Microgaster carinicollis Cameron is transferred to Microplitis, based on examination of first and second mediotergites, length of metatibia spurs, and size of metaxocoxa: Microplitis carinicollis (Cameron) stat. rev.

Key words: Hymenoptera, Braconidae, India

Introduction

Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is one of the most important groups of Lepidoptera parasitoids. It is also one of the most diverse –Rodriguez et al. (2012) estimated the species richness of the group ranging from 17,000 to 46,000+ species. Microgastrinae wasps are endoparasitoids of caterpillars, and species are usually gregarious or solitary (although, occasionally, one wasp species can be solitary or gregarious depending on the size and species of the host caterpillar). Generally, each microgastrine wasp species has a fixed cocoon spinning pattern, structure and colour, which is quite distinctive and helps in ascertaining its identity.

DIVERSITY & HOSTS OF INDIAN MICROGASTRINAE Zootaxa 3800 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 3 Mumbai—Elymnias hypermnestra; Mr. Swapnil Lokhande, IIT, Mumbai—Phaedyma columella & Borbo cinnara; Mr. Paresh V. Churi, Mumbai—Spindasis vulcanus, Abisara echeria; Mr. Ravi Bhambure, BNHS, Mumbai— anita, Matapa aria and Pelopidas conjuncta; Mr. Parag Giri—Pieris canidia; Mr. Abhishek Narvekar—Troides minos; Mr. Ashok Sengupta— lubentina and Dr. J. Poorani, Principal Scientist, NBAII—Cotesia flavipes cocoons.

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