General Assembly Distr.: General 19 July 2011
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Constitutional/Judicial Resistance to European Law in Iceland. Sovereignty and Constitutional Identity Vs. Access to Justice Under the EEA Agreement
Constitutional/judicial resistance to European Law in Iceland. Sovereignty and constitutional identity vs. access to justice under the EEA Agreement Professor M. Elvira MENDEZ-PINEDO1 Abstract In the context of occasional constitutional resistance to international and European Union (EU) law in other countries, we find a similar tension in Iceland vis-à-vis the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement and the Icelandic constitutional/statutory domestic system (EEA Act 2/1993). The authority and effectiveness of EEA law seem disregarded with negative consequences for the judicial protection of individual rights. The EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) sent official letters to Iceland in 2015, 2016 and 2017. In its view, in too many recent cases, the Supreme Court has discarded and set aside validly implemented EEA law in order to give precedence to conflicting Icelandic law. In some cases, individuals have no proper remedy to exercise their European rights (State liability for judicial breaches of EEA law not admissible). It is uncertain at this time whether actions for infringement of EEA law will be brought by ESA to the EFTA Court. This study reviews this sort of judicial, legislative and/or constitutional resistance to EEA law in Iceland and argues that the use of concepts such as sovereignty (public international law) and constitutional identity (EU law) can never justify the denial of access to justice and effective judicial protection under the EEA Agreement. Keywords: Iceland, European Economic Area law, constitutional resistance, access to justice. JEL Classification: K10, K33, K40 1. Introduction The European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement2 extends the internal market and other EU policies to three non-EU neighbouring countries. -
National Risk Assessment
2019 National Risk Assessment Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police 1 April 2019 National Risk Assessment of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Table of Contents Preface Infrastructure Legal environment, police services, and monitoring Methodology Consolidated conclusions Risk classification summary Predicate offences Cash Company operations Financial market Specialists Gambling Trade and services Other Terrorist financing References 2 Preface Iceland is probably not the first country coming to mind when most people discuss money laundering and terrorist financing. In an increasingly globalised world, however, Iceland is nowhere near safe against the risks that money laundering and terrorist financing entail. Nor is it exempt from a duty to take appropriate and necessary measures to prevent such from thriving in its area of influence. In September 1991, Iceland entered into collaboration with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), which is an international action group against money laundering and terrorist financing. FATF has issued instructions on the measures member states shall take in response to the threat stemming from money laundering and terrorist financing. FATF's instructions have become global guidelines. For example, the European Union's directives have been in accordance with these guidelines. By joining FATF, Iceland obligated itself to coordinating its legislation with the action group's instructions. Regarding this, FATF's evaluation in 2017-2018 revealed various weaknesses in the Icelandic legislation. Iceland began responding, which, for example, entailed legalising the European Union's 4th Anti-money Laundering Directive. In accordance with the requirements following from FATF Recommendation no. 1, the above directive assumes that all member states shall carry out a risk assessment of the main threats and weaknesses stemming from money laundering and terrorist financing within the areas each member state controls. -
Constitutional Bill
Revised translation 11.12.2012 by Anna Yates, certified translator Constitutional Bill for a new constitution for the Republic of Iceland From the majority of the Constitutional and Supervisory Committee (VBj, ÁI, RM, LGeir, MSch, MT). Preamble We, the people of Iceland, wish to create a just society with equal opportunities for everyone. Our different origins enrich the whole, and together we are responsible for the heritage of the generations, the land and history, nature, language and culture. Iceland is a free and sovereign state which upholds the rule of law, resting on the cornerstones of freedom, equality, democracy and human rights. The government shall work for the welfare of the inhabitants of the country, strengthen their culture and respect the diversity of human life, the land and the biosphere. We wish to promote peace, security, well-being and happiness among ourselves and future generations. We resolve to work with other nations in the interests of peace and respect for the Earth and all Mankind. In this light we are adopting a new Constitution, the supreme law of the land, to be observed by all. Chapter I. Foundations Article 1 Form of government Iceland is a Republic governed by parliamentary democracy. 1 Article 2 Source and holders of state powers All state powers spring from the nation, which wields them either directly, or via those who hold government powers. The Althing holds legislative powers. The President of the Republic, Cabinet Ministers and the State government and other government authorities hold executive powers. The Supreme Court of Iceland and other courts of law hold judicial powers. -
Exploring Human Rights in the Police Education an Icelandic Case Study
Exploring Human Rights in the Police Education An Icelandic Case Study Anne-Marie Tremblay-Quenneville Thesis for a BA degree Faculty of Education and Diversity Exploring Human Rights in the Police Education An Icelandic Case Study Anne-Marie Tremblay-Quenneville Thesis for BA degree in International Studies in Education Supervisor: Susan Elizabeth Gollifer Faculty of Education and Diversity University of Iceland School of Education June 2019 Exploring Human Rights in the Police Education: An Icelandic Case Study This thesis satisfies 10 credits towards a BA in International Studies in Education in the Faculty of Education and Diversity, University of Iceland School of Education © Anne-Marie Tremblay-Quenneville, 2019 This thesis may not be copied in any form without author permission. Abstract Changing demographics combined with the globalization brought new challenges to the Icelandic society. For instance, the new ethnic diversity in the population provoked tensions between police officers and marginalized groups. Almost at the same period, in 2016, the police education moved from the police academy to a university degree, in a program where human rights are a key concept to better the practices. My research questions are how human rights are addressed in the Icelandic police education and how they inform their professional development? The focus was put on examining two courses of the program and Tibbitts Accountability/Professional Development human rights education model. I conclude that the courses include the main features of the model, by amongst other using efficient teaching and learning strategies to help the police officers to protect and reduce human rights violation, but that they would likely gain to include a better critical reflective component. -
Elements of Nature Relocated the Work of Studio Granda
Petur H. Armannsson Elements of Nature Relocated The Work of Studio Granda "Iceland is not scenic in the conventional European sense of The campus of the Bifrost School of Business is situated in the word - rather it is a landscape devoid of scenery. Its qual- Nordurardalur Valley in West Iceland, about 60 miles North ity of hardness and permanence intercut v/\1\-i effervescent of the capital city of Reykjavik. Surrounded by mountains elements has a parallel in the work of Studio Granda/" of various shapes and heights, the valley is noted for the beauty of its landscape. The campus is located at the edge of a vast lava field covered by gray moss and birch scrubs, w/ith colorful volcanic craters forming the background. The main road connecting the northern regions of Iceland with the Reykjavik area in the south passes adjacent to the site, and nearby is a salmon-fishing river with tourist attracting waterfalls. The original building at Bifrost was designed as a res- taurant and roadway hotel. It was built according to plans made in 1945 by architects Gisli Halldorsson and Sigvaldi Thordarson. The Federation of Icelandic Co-op- eratives (SIS) bought the property and the first phase of the hotel, the restaurant wing, was inaugurated in 1951. It functioned as a restaurant and community center of the Icelandic co-operative movement until 1955, when a decision was made to move the SIS business trade school there from Reykjavik. A two-story hotel wing with Armannsson 57 Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/thld_a_00361 by guest on 24 September 2021 hotel rooms was completed that same year and used as In subsequent projects, Studio Granda has continued to a student dormitory in the winter. -
Mannréttindaskrifstofa Íslands the Icelandic Human Rights Center
MANNRÉTTINDASKRIFSTOFA ÍSLANDS THE ICELANDIC HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER NOTES ON ICELAND’S COMBINED SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH PERIODIC REPORTS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION JUNE 2005 The Icelandic Human Rights Center Laugavegi 7, 3 hæð – 101 Reykjavik - Iceland Símar/Phone + 354 552 27 20 – Fax + 354 552 27 21 Netfang/ E-mail [email protected] INTRODUCTION In light of the CERD Committee’s review of Iceland’s Combined Seventeenth and Eighteenth Periodic Reports on the Implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which will be considered at the 67rt Session in Geneva, on 10 and 11 August 2005, the Icelandic Human Rights Center has undertaken to provide the following insights regarding Iceland’s implementation of the Convention, in co-operation with Icelandic NGOs and human rights experts. Before delving into the issues, certain factors of vital concern to the Icelandic Human Rights Center itself will be introduced. An abstract from the Center’s Report of Activities 2004 may be found in Addendum I. The Imperilled Existence of the Icelandic Human Rights Center In its Fourteenth Periodic Report on the Implementation of the Convention, the Government of Iceland referred to the establishment in 1994 of the Icelandic Human Rights Office (now Human Rights Center). The Report stated: 25. Two organizations have been established in the past two years specifically dealing with human rights. Firstly, the Human Rights Office was established in Reykjavik in the spring of 1994, similar to those which have existed in the Scandinavian countries for some time. -
Annual Research Reports 2011
School of Law Reykjavík University SUMMARY - ANNUAL RESEARCH REPORTS 2011 Davíð Þór Björgvinsson Professor Research Output in Peer-Reviewed Outlets Peer-reviewed book chapters Alþjóðaskuldbindingar um vernd barna gegn kynferðisofbeldi (Protection of Children against sexual violence. International obligations.). Hinn launhelgi Glæpur. Kynferðisbrot gegn börnum (Sexual Violence against Children). Ed. Svala Ísfeld Ólafsdóttir. University of Iceland Publishing House (Háskólaútgáfan) in 2011, 30 p. Presumption of Convention Compliance. Making peoples Heard. People a Voice. Essays on Human Rights in Honour of Gudmundur Alfredsson. Ed. Asbjørn Eide, Jakob Th. Möller and Ineta Ziemele. Martinus Nijhoff publishers 2011, p 293 – 304. Research Output in Non-Peer-Reviewed Outlets Scientific articles Lawyer – Client confidentiality in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Stage and Intermediate Meeting FBE. FEDERATION BARREAUX D´EUROPE (Federation of European Bars). Madrid 2011, p 25 -33. Talks and Presentations Title-Conferences Migrant Children and the ECHR. Lecture given at a Judicial Colloquium on the determination of best interest of the child in cases of migrant children. Organized by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in Barcelona on 8 July. The Accession of the EU to the ECHR. What does it mean for the ECHR and the Court? Lecture given at the conference: The Charter of Fundamental Rights and the EU (the Lisbon Treaty) 1 Towards enhanced human rights protection. Organized by the EU, University of Iceland and University of Reykjavik, Feb. 2011. Other Research-Related Work Supervision of research projects by master‘s students Three ML thesis. Editorial work for scientific journals or books Hinn launhelgi Glæpur. -
Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Project
Official Assessment Karahnjú kaŕ Hydropower Project Iceland Project Stage: Operation Assessment Date: 07/09/2017 to 15/09/2017 Final Report Date: 12/07/2017 Client: Landsvirkjun Lead Assessor: Dr Joerg Hartmann, Independent Consultant Co-assessors: Dr Bernt Rydgren, Principal Environmental Consultant, Sweco; Dr Eleni Taylor-Wood, Principal Consultant, Entura Project size: 690 MW Cover page photo: Kárahnjúkar dam, with 'Vortex' art work in foreground and Snaefell mountain in background. The Hálslón reservoir is at full supply level, and the spillway is operating. Kárahnjúkar, Iceland www.hydrosustainability.org | i Acronyms Acronym Full Text ASÍ Icelandic Confederation of Labour CEO Chief Executive Officer CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DMM Dynamic Maintenance Management EU European Union EIA Environmental Impact Assessment GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gas GPS Global Positioning System GRI Global Reporting Initiative GWh Gigawatt-hour HSE Health Safety Environment IHA International Hydropower Association IMF International Monetary Fund ISK Icelandic Krona ISO International Organisation for Standardization KAR Kárahnjúkar project kV Kilovolt LV Landsvirkjun m.a.s.l. Meter above sea level MoU Memorandum of Understanding MW Megawatt NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NVE Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OH&S Occupational Health and Safety OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series SCSI Soil Conservation Service of Iceland UNECE United -
Halldór Laxness - Wikipedia
People of Iceland on Iceland Postage Stamps Halldór Laxness - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halldór_Laxness Halldór Laxness Halldór Kiljan Laxness (Icelandic: [ˈhaltour ˈcʰɪljan ˈlaxsnɛs] Halldór Laxness ( listen); born Halldór Guðjónsson; 23 April 1902 – 8 February 1998) was an Icelandic writer. He won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature; he is the only Icelandic Nobel laureate.[2] He wrote novels, poetry, newspaper articles, essays, plays, travelogues and short stories. Major influences included August Strindberg, Sigmund Freud, Knut Hamsun, Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.[3] Contents Early years 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s Born Halldór Guðjónsson Later years 23 April 1902 Family and legacy Reykjavík, Iceland Bibliography Died 8 February 1998 Novels (aged 95) Stories Reykjavík, Iceland Plays Poetry Nationality Icelandic Travelogues and essays Notable Nobel Prize in Memoirs awards Literature Translations 1955 Other Spouses Ingibjörg Einarsdóttir References (m. 1930–1940) External links [1] Auður Sveinsdóttir (m. 1945–1998) Early years Laxness was born in 1902 in Reykjavík. His parents moved to the Laxnes farm in nearby Mosfellssveit parish when he was three. He started to read books and write stories at an early age. He attended the technical school in Reykjavík from 1915 to 1916 and had an article published in the newspaper Morgunblaðið in 1916.[4] By the time his first novel was published (Barn náttúrunnar, 1919), Laxness had already begun his travels on the European continent.[5] 1 of 9 2019/05/19, 11:59 Halldór Laxness - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halldór_Laxness 1920s In 1922, Laxness joined the Abbaye Saint-Maurice-et-Saint-Maur in Clervaux, Luxembourg where the monks followed the rules of Saint Benedict of Nursia. -
Fm A51 Alþingi Rilri>5J International ÓOÐ
5/15/2014 FOAcasetext fm A51 Alþingi rilri>5J International ÓOÐ. ynodí Erindi m Þ N 2/tw a J l y í » Labour FromotmgjobSp kommdagur fy.S- 2 ö H Organization protecting ptople NORMLEX Information System on Internationa! Labour Standards Search | User guide Definitive Report - Report No 330, March 2003 Case No 2170 (lceland) - Complaint date: 22-JAN-02 - Closed Display in: French - Spanish Goto: INTRODUCTION | A The complainants’ aliegations | B.The Government’s repíy | C. The Committee’s concíusions I The Committee's recommendations Allegations: The complaxnants allege that the Government unduly interfered in trade union activities by enacting a law whereby a legal strike was prohibited and compulsory arbitration imposed on the parties to an interest dispute. 8 5 5 - The complaints are set out in a communication from the Icelandic Federation of Labour (its Icelandic acronym being ASÍ) dated 22 January 2002 aswell asin a communication from the Merchant Navy and Fishing Vessel Officers Guild (its Icelandic acronym being FFSI) dated 24 January 2002. In communications dated respectively 30 January and 1 February 2002, the Mternational Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) and the International Confederatiön of Free Trade ITnions (ICFTU) expressed the wish to be associated with the complaint presentedby the FFSI. 856. The Government replied in communicationsdated 3 September 2002 and3 March 2003. 857- Iceland has ratified the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87), andthe Right toOrganise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98). _______________ A . The compiainants’ allcgations_________________ 8 5 8 , Ih itscomplaint dated22 January 2002, the ASÍailegesthat thepassing by theAlthing (Iceland’s Parliament) ofthe Act on físhermen’s wages andterms (etc.) No. -
Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia Michael David Lawson East Tennessee State University
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2019 Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia Michael David Lawson East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, Cultural History Commons, Disability Studies Commons, European History Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, Folklore Commons, History of Religion Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, Scandinavian Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Lawson, Michael David, "Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3538. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3538 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia ————— A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University ————— In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree -
An Analysis of the Icelandic Supreme Court Judgement on the Health Sector Database Act Dr Renate Gertz *
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2004 An analysis of the Icelandic Supreme Court judgement on the Health Sector Database Act * Dr Renate Gertz Abstract Six years after the Icelandic Health Sector Database Act came into force, the Supreme Court of Iceland as court of appeal was asked to give a judgement on the constitutionality of the Act. The appellant had unsuccessfully applied to the Director General of Public Health to prevent the transfer of her deceased father’s medical records to the Health Sector Database. The court of first instance, the Reykjavik District Court, dismissed the case for lack of legal standing. The Icelandic Supreme Court decided that the appellant had legal standing due to the fact that from the data related to hereditary characteristics of her father information about the plaintiff herself could be inferred. The Icelandic Supreme Court further discussed privacy and data protection issues with regard to the Health Sector Database, coming to the conclusion that the one-way encryption system was a sufficiently safe mechanism for data protection, but that due to the richness of data to be entered into the Health Sector Database, individuals could be identifiable. DOI: 10.2966/scrip.010204.241 © Renate Gertz 2004. This work is licensed through SCRIPT-ed Open Licence (SOL) . * Research Fellow, AHRB Centre, School of Law, University of Edinburgh. Acknowledgement: The author would like to thank Dr G T Laurie for his advice. Any mistakes, of course, are the author’s own. (2004) 1:2 SCRIPT-ed 242 1. Introduction November 27, 2003 was a triumphant day for the opponents of the Icelandic Health Sector Database project.