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Norðurland Vestra
NORÐURLAND VESTRA Stöðugreining 2019 20.03.2020 Ritstjórn: Laufey Kristín Skúladóttir. Aðrir höfundar efnis: Sigurður Árnason, Jóhannes Finnur Halldórsson, Einar Örn Hreinsson, Anna Lea Gestsdóttir, Guðmundur Guðmundsson, Sigríður Þorgrímsdóttir, Anna Lilja Pétursdóttir og Snorri Björn Sigurðsson. ISBN: 978-9935-9503-5-2 2 Norðurland vestra 5.4 Opinber störf .......................................................................................... 28 Stöðugreining 2019 6. Önnur þjónusta ............................................................................................ 31 6.1 Verslun .................................................................................................. 31 6.2 Ýmis þjónusta ........................................................................................ 31 Efnisyfirlit Inngangur .......................................................................................................... 6 6.3 Ferðaþjónusta ....................................................................................... 32 1. Norðurland vestra, staðhættir og sérkenni ................................................... 7 7. Landbúnaður ............................................................................................... 35 1.1 Um svæðið .............................................................................................. 7 7.1 Kjötframleiðsla ....................................................................................... 35 1.2 Íbúaþéttleiki ............................................................................................ -
Constitutional/Judicial Resistance to European Law in Iceland. Sovereignty and Constitutional Identity Vs. Access to Justice Under the EEA Agreement
Constitutional/judicial resistance to European Law in Iceland. Sovereignty and constitutional identity vs. access to justice under the EEA Agreement Professor M. Elvira MENDEZ-PINEDO1 Abstract In the context of occasional constitutional resistance to international and European Union (EU) law in other countries, we find a similar tension in Iceland vis-à-vis the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement and the Icelandic constitutional/statutory domestic system (EEA Act 2/1993). The authority and effectiveness of EEA law seem disregarded with negative consequences for the judicial protection of individual rights. The EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) sent official letters to Iceland in 2015, 2016 and 2017. In its view, in too many recent cases, the Supreme Court has discarded and set aside validly implemented EEA law in order to give precedence to conflicting Icelandic law. In some cases, individuals have no proper remedy to exercise their European rights (State liability for judicial breaches of EEA law not admissible). It is uncertain at this time whether actions for infringement of EEA law will be brought by ESA to the EFTA Court. This study reviews this sort of judicial, legislative and/or constitutional resistance to EEA law in Iceland and argues that the use of concepts such as sovereignty (public international law) and constitutional identity (EU law) can never justify the denial of access to justice and effective judicial protection under the EEA Agreement. Keywords: Iceland, European Economic Area law, constitutional resistance, access to justice. JEL Classification: K10, K33, K40 1. Introduction The European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement2 extends the internal market and other EU policies to three non-EU neighbouring countries. -
The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Iceland: a Comparison of Police- and Expert-Led Conferencing
University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2010 The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Iceland: A Comparison of Police- and Expert-Led Conferencing Hafsteinn Gunnar Hafsteinsson University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Law Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hafsteinsson, Hafsteinn Gunnar, "The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Iceland: A Comparison of Police- and Expert-Led Conferencing" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 818. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/818 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Iceland: A Comparison of Police- and Expert-led Conferencing __________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the University of Denver University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts __________ by Hafsteinn Gunnar Hafsteinsson June 2010 Advisor: Tamra Pearson d’Estrée ©Copyright by Hafsteinn G. Hafsteinsson 2010 All rights reserved Abstract Author: Hafsteinn G. Hafsteinsson Title: The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Iceland: A Comparison of Police- and Expert-led Conferencing Advisor: Tamra Pearson d’Estrée Degree Date: June 2010 On first of October 2006 the Ministry of Justice in Iceland launch a restorative justice pilot project. Building on the pilot project data, this thesis evaluates the implementation of restorative justice into the criminal justice system in Iceland by asking victims, offenders and other participants in police- and expert-led conferencing to answer questionnaires’ relating to these two types of restorative justice practices to crime. -
Constitutional Bill
Revised translation 11.12.2012 by Anna Yates, certified translator Constitutional Bill for a new constitution for the Republic of Iceland From the majority of the Constitutional and Supervisory Committee (VBj, ÁI, RM, LGeir, MSch, MT). Preamble We, the people of Iceland, wish to create a just society with equal opportunities for everyone. Our different origins enrich the whole, and together we are responsible for the heritage of the generations, the land and history, nature, language and culture. Iceland is a free and sovereign state which upholds the rule of law, resting on the cornerstones of freedom, equality, democracy and human rights. The government shall work for the welfare of the inhabitants of the country, strengthen their culture and respect the diversity of human life, the land and the biosphere. We wish to promote peace, security, well-being and happiness among ourselves and future generations. We resolve to work with other nations in the interests of peace and respect for the Earth and all Mankind. In this light we are adopting a new Constitution, the supreme law of the land, to be observed by all. Chapter I. Foundations Article 1 Form of government Iceland is a Republic governed by parliamentary democracy. 1 Article 2 Source and holders of state powers All state powers spring from the nation, which wields them either directly, or via those who hold government powers. The Althing holds legislative powers. The President of the Republic, Cabinet Ministers and the State government and other government authorities hold executive powers. The Supreme Court of Iceland and other courts of law hold judicial powers. -
Elements of Nature Relocated the Work of Studio Granda
Petur H. Armannsson Elements of Nature Relocated The Work of Studio Granda "Iceland is not scenic in the conventional European sense of The campus of the Bifrost School of Business is situated in the word - rather it is a landscape devoid of scenery. Its qual- Nordurardalur Valley in West Iceland, about 60 miles North ity of hardness and permanence intercut v/\1\-i effervescent of the capital city of Reykjavik. Surrounded by mountains elements has a parallel in the work of Studio Granda/" of various shapes and heights, the valley is noted for the beauty of its landscape. The campus is located at the edge of a vast lava field covered by gray moss and birch scrubs, w/ith colorful volcanic craters forming the background. The main road connecting the northern regions of Iceland with the Reykjavik area in the south passes adjacent to the site, and nearby is a salmon-fishing river with tourist attracting waterfalls. The original building at Bifrost was designed as a res- taurant and roadway hotel. It was built according to plans made in 1945 by architects Gisli Halldorsson and Sigvaldi Thordarson. The Federation of Icelandic Co-op- eratives (SIS) bought the property and the first phase of the hotel, the restaurant wing, was inaugurated in 1951. It functioned as a restaurant and community center of the Icelandic co-operative movement until 1955, when a decision was made to move the SIS business trade school there from Reykjavik. A two-story hotel wing with Armannsson 57 Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/thld_a_00361 by guest on 24 September 2021 hotel rooms was completed that same year and used as In subsequent projects, Studio Granda has continued to a student dormitory in the winter. -
Jörð Sveitarfélag Nafn Á Samningi Heimilisfang AUSTURLAND Arnheiðarstaðir Múlaþing Eiríkur J
Jörð Sveitarfélag Nafn á samningi Heimilisfang AUSTURLAND Arnheiðarstaðir Múlaþing Eiríkur J. Kjerúlf Arnheiðarstaðir 701 Egilsstaðir Arnhólsstaðir Múlaþing Anna Lóa Sveinsdóttir Arnhólsstaðir, 701 Egilsstaðir Árteigur Múlaþing Kristján Guðþórsson Ásbrún 1, 700 Egilsstaðir Ás 1 Múlaþing Brynjólfur Guttormsson Bjarkasel 3, 700 Egilsstaðir Ásgarður Múlaþing Viðar Eiríksson Ásgarður 701 Egilsstaður Ásgeirsstaðir Múlaþing Guðrún Jónsdóttir Ásgeirsstöðum 701 Egilsstöðum Bessastaðir Fljótsdalshreppur Andrés H. Einarsson Laugavellir 4, 700 Egilsstaðir Birnufell Múlaþing Þórhalla Sigmundsdóttir Birnufelli, 701 Egilsstaðir Bláeyri Múlaþing Guttormur Sigurjónsson Fjóluhvammi 1, 700 Egilsstaðir Borg Múlaþing Draumalandið ehf./Þóra Borg, 701 Egilsstaðir Bragðavellir Múlaþing Ragnar Eiðsson/Þórunnborg Jónsdóttir Bragðavellir I, 765 Djúpavogi Breiðavað Múlaþing Jóhann G. Jóhannsson/Ólöf Ólafsdóttir Breiðavað 701 Egilsstaðir Brekka Múlaþing Stefán Jónasson Sólvellir 13, 700 Egilsstaðir Brekkuborg Fjarðabyggð Kristján Beekman Brekkuborg 760 Breiðdalsvík Brekkugerði Fljótsdalshreppur Jóhann F. Þórhallsson/Sigrún E. Ólafsdóttir Brekkugerði 701 Egilsstaðir Brekkugerðishús Fljótsdalshreppur Skáldahús ehf. Laugalæk 20, 105 Reykjavík Brekkusel Múlaþing Guðmundur Aðalsteinsson Norðurtúni 12, 700 Egilsstaðir Brú 2 Múlaþing Stefán Halldórsson Ranavað 7, 700 Egilsstöðum Dagverðargerði Múlaþing Pétur Stefánsson Markarflöt 24, 210 Garðabær Davíðsstaðir Múlaþing Davíðsstaðir ehf. Koltröð 24, 700 Egilsstaðir Dratthalastaðir Múlaþing Örvar Már Jónsson Háteigi 691 Vopnafjörður -
Ferðamynstur Og Vinnusóknarsvæði Akranes, Selfoss Og Hveragerði
Ferðamynstur og vinnusóknarsvæði Akranes, Selfoss og Hveragerði VIAPLAN.IS Janúar 2018 Ferðamynstur og vinnusóknarsvæði Akranes, Selfoss og Hveragerði VIAPLAN.IS [email protected] 25.janúar 2018 2 Efinsyfirlit 1 Inngangur ................................................................................................................................................... 4 2 Niðurstöður - samantekt ........................................................................................................................... 5 3 Bakgrunnur og forsaga .............................................................................................................................. 7 4 Íbúafjöldi og atvinna .................................................................................................................................. 9 5 Forsendur og framkvæmd ....................................................................................................................... 11 6 Niðurstöður – bakgrunnsupplýsingar ...................................................................................................... 13 6.1 Kyn og aldur ..................................................................................................................................... 13 6.2 Menntun .......................................................................................................................................... 15 6.3 Möguleiki á að vinna heima ............................................................................................................ -
Braving the Forces of Nature
Official 15th World Scout Moot Magazine 2017 - Issue #2 BRAVING THE FORCES OF NATURE 1 Editorial Stefán Rafn Alþingi is in Session Sigurbjörnsson Welcome to Alþingi, the ence is that they made camp should abstain from Googling central camp at Úlfljótsvatn at Þingvellir, some 30 minutes it. during the 15th World Scout drive from Úlfljótsvatn (S/O Like the chieftains Moot. You have spent the first to Þingvellir expedition). Through every Moot and few days spread across this Jamboree we celebrate the of the ancient barren island, experiencing Like those chieftains you great diversity of our move- Alþingi you gath- its beautiful and sometimes gather to exchange ideas ment; diversity through unforgiving nature, which the and culture, ready to inspire nationality, language, religion, er to exchange participants in several Expedi- others from your community sexual orientation, gender tion Centers got to experience when the Moot disbands. The identity and more. We at ideas and culture, during the first few days of Alþingi gatherings were a Ratatoskr sincerely hope that ready to inspire the Moot. Like the chieftains noble event but please refrain you will seize this unique of the Icelandic medieval from the ancient Alþingi opportunity to maximize your others from your era, you make your journey practices of slave-trading, experiences and interactions, community from different corners of the dueling and the particularly whether it being exchanges of country and convene by lake gruesome “blood eagle” viking badges, scarves, ideas, culture, Úlfljótsvatn. The only differ- executions. The faint of heart opinions or romances. Expedition Mega Issue! The second issue of Ratatoskr but Hólaskjól is situated in the ing pictures from the talented is dedicated to the 11 Expedi- Highlands, far away from cell photographer we prominently tion Centers scattered around reception, running water or placed there, we decided that the country. -
Nokkrir Megindrættir Í Búferlaflutningum 1986–2006 Main Trends in Migration in Iceland 1986–2006
2007:1 y 13. febrúar 2007 Nokkrir megindrættir í búferlaflutningum 1986–2006 Main trends in migration in Iceland 1986–2006 Samantekt Undanfarin tvö ár hafa einkennst af umfangsmeiri flutningum til landsins en önnur ár. Tíðni aðfluttra umfram brottflutta í millilandaflutningum var 17,3 samanborið við 13,0 ári áður. Í öllum landshlutum voru aðfluttir fleiri en brottfluttir í millilandaflutningum. Þar munar mestu um Austurland en í kjölfar virkjana- og stóriðjuframkvæmda þar hafa flutningar frá útlöndum aukist hröðum skrefum undanfarin ár. Athygli verkur að erlendum körlum hefur fjölgað mjög ört í flutningum til Austurlands. Til ársins 2003 voru konur alla jafna fleiri en karlar í flutningum en nú er þessu öfugt farið. Mest áberandi er þetta á Austurlandi en þangað fluttu nær tíu sinnum fleiri karlar en konur frá útlöndum. Flutningsjöfnuður í innanlandsflutningum var neikvæður á öllum landsvæðum fyrir utan höfuðborgarsvæðið, Suðurnes og Suðurland. Í nær öllum þéttbýlis- stöðum á Norðurlandi og Vestfjörðum var flutningsjöfnuður innanlands neikvæður. Þetta á til að mynda við um Akureyri en ólíkt því sem verið hefur undanfarin ár fluttu fleiri frá bænum en til hans. Þótt flutningsjöfnuður í innanlandsflutningum sé neikvæður á Austurlandi var hann talsvert hærri en verið hefur og var -0,5 á 1.000 íbúa árið 2006 samanborið við -10,4 ári áður. Flutningsjöfnuður í stærstu þéttbýlisstöðunum á Austurlandi var jákvæður, einkum á Egilsstöðum en þar var flutningsjöfnuður í innanlandsflutningum hærri en annars staðar á landinu (93,7 á hverja 1.000 íbúa). Athugun á flutningum milli höfuðborgarsvæðis og landsbyggðar á umræddu tímabili leiðir í ljós að nokkuð hefur dregið úr því forskoti sem höfuðborgar- svæðið hefur haft á landsbyggðina undanfarna áratugi. -
Fm A51 Alþingi Rilri>5J International ÓOÐ
5/15/2014 FOAcasetext fm A51 Alþingi rilri>5J International ÓOÐ. ynodí Erindi m Þ N 2/tw a J l y í » Labour FromotmgjobSp kommdagur fy.S- 2 ö H Organization protecting ptople NORMLEX Information System on Internationa! Labour Standards Search | User guide Definitive Report - Report No 330, March 2003 Case No 2170 (lceland) - Complaint date: 22-JAN-02 - Closed Display in: French - Spanish Goto: INTRODUCTION | A The complainants’ aliegations | B.The Government’s repíy | C. The Committee’s concíusions I The Committee's recommendations Allegations: The complaxnants allege that the Government unduly interfered in trade union activities by enacting a law whereby a legal strike was prohibited and compulsory arbitration imposed on the parties to an interest dispute. 8 5 5 - The complaints are set out in a communication from the Icelandic Federation of Labour (its Icelandic acronym being ASÍ) dated 22 January 2002 aswell asin a communication from the Merchant Navy and Fishing Vessel Officers Guild (its Icelandic acronym being FFSI) dated 24 January 2002. In communications dated respectively 30 January and 1 February 2002, the Mternational Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) and the International Confederatiön of Free Trade ITnions (ICFTU) expressed the wish to be associated with the complaint presentedby the FFSI. 856. The Government replied in communicationsdated 3 September 2002 and3 March 2003. 857- Iceland has ratified the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87), andthe Right toOrganise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98). _______________ A . The compiainants’ allcgations_________________ 8 5 8 , Ih itscomplaint dated22 January 2002, the ASÍailegesthat thepassing by theAlthing (Iceland’s Parliament) ofthe Act on físhermen’s wages andterms (etc.) No. -
An Analysis of the Icelandic Supreme Court Judgement on the Health Sector Database Act Dr Renate Gertz *
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2004 An analysis of the Icelandic Supreme Court judgement on the Health Sector Database Act * Dr Renate Gertz Abstract Six years after the Icelandic Health Sector Database Act came into force, the Supreme Court of Iceland as court of appeal was asked to give a judgement on the constitutionality of the Act. The appellant had unsuccessfully applied to the Director General of Public Health to prevent the transfer of her deceased father’s medical records to the Health Sector Database. The court of first instance, the Reykjavik District Court, dismissed the case for lack of legal standing. The Icelandic Supreme Court decided that the appellant had legal standing due to the fact that from the data related to hereditary characteristics of her father information about the plaintiff herself could be inferred. The Icelandic Supreme Court further discussed privacy and data protection issues with regard to the Health Sector Database, coming to the conclusion that the one-way encryption system was a sufficiently safe mechanism for data protection, but that due to the richness of data to be entered into the Health Sector Database, individuals could be identifiable. DOI: 10.2966/scrip.010204.241 © Renate Gertz 2004. This work is licensed through SCRIPT-ed Open Licence (SOL) . * Research Fellow, AHRB Centre, School of Law, University of Edinburgh. Acknowledgement: The author would like to thank Dr G T Laurie for his advice. Any mistakes, of course, are the author’s own. (2004) 1:2 SCRIPT-ed 242 1. Introduction November 27, 2003 was a triumphant day for the opponents of the Icelandic Health Sector Database project. -
Co Saving by Using Geothermal Energy For
CO2 SAVING BY USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY FOR HOUSE HEATING IN ICELAND Mai 2008 Einar Gunnlaugsson Outline • Brief introduction to geothermal activity in Iceland • The use of geothermal energy in Iceland • District heating in Reykjavík • Production of geothermal water and changes in water level • CO2 saving by using geothermal water in Reykjavík • CO2 saving in countries using carbonate rich low-temperature geothermal water, example from Slovakia ICELAND Size: 104.000 km2 Population: 311,396 Average Jan. temp: -0.4°C Mean annual temp: 5°C Average July temp.: 11.2° July 2007 Geothermal activity in Reykjavík During Reykjavik's first 1000 years geothermal heat was primarily used for washing, bathing and cooking. For centuries women carried the laundry to the hot springs now in mid Reykjavík. Reykir The first house heated with geothermal water in 1909 Geothermal steam used for heating in 1912 Sturlureykir Twenty largest geothermal district heating utilities Reykjavík Suðurnes Reykjavík- the world’s largest Akureyri municipal geothermal heating service Hveragerði Selfoss Skagafjörður Akranes Borgarfjörður Mosfellsbær Seltjarnarnes Laugarás Húsavík Ólafsfjörður Dalvík-Árskógsströnd Flúðir Þorlákshöfn Egilsstaðir og Fell Rangæinga Blönduós Siglufjörður Húnaþing vestra 3 0 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000 70.000 m 1928 Drilling started in in Reykjavík for hot water. 14 drillholes drilled Result about 14 l/s of 87°C water. 1930 District Heating in Reykjavík - 3 km long pipeline -Two school houses, hospital, swimming pool and 70 private houses connected. Reykir and Reykjahlíð Prior to exploitation artesian flow: 120 l/s Area: 5.5 km2 Temp: 65-100 °C Capacity : 1700 l/s No of exploitation wells : 34 Reykjahlíð field Reykir field Laugarnes – Area: 0.28 km2 – Temp: 125-130 °C – Capacity : 330 l/s – No of exploit.