New ISER Evidence on Pay Gaps in the UK Workforce
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INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH AUTUMN 2017 ISERNEWS World class socio-economic research and surveys In this issue Presenting at the 2 ESRC Festival of Social Science Methodology of 3Longitudinal Surveys Conference 2018 The EU commitment 4 to EUROMOD New flash estimates 5 of poverty levels across the EU New research on the The research on gender-based pay found the pay gap closing for full-time employment 6 cost of unpaid internship Identifying the least New ISER evidence on pay 7 well off in society Poverty and gaps in the UK workforce 8 wellbeing research: what makes children Equalities and Human Rights Commission publish new unhappy? findings and strategy in three separate reports The Equalities and Human Rights Commission and 6.9 per cent respectively. Pay gaps for ethnic (EHRC) has published new ISER research by Dr minority men were found to be much higher than Malcolm Brynin and Dr Simonetta Longhi on those for ethnic minority women. pay gaps in the UK workforce. Gender This study found the pay gap closing. There are three separate reports on disability In 1993 women earned 73 per cent of the pay gaps, ethnicity pay gaps and gender pay average male wage. By 2014 women earned gaps which are used as evidence for the EHRC’s just over 90 per cent. The gender wage gap for new strategy to tackle pay gaps. graduates declined in relative terms more than Ethnicity This study finds pay gaps are much for others. Part-time employment works in the larger for ethnic minority men born abroad than opposite direction and now part-time working for those born in the UK. Among Pakistani men, women earn more than men. those born abroad experience a 30.9 per cent pay Disability Pay gaps are much larger for gap while those born in the UK experience 18.7 men and women with a disability that limits per cent pay gap compared to equivalent White daily activities and work than those with a British men. Among Bangladeshi men this rises disability that limits only work. Pay gaps for to 47.8 per cent for those born abroad compared men and women with work-limiting physical with 25.7 per cent for those born in the UK. For disabilities are much smaller than of those with black Caribbeans the pay gaps are 17.4 per cent a mental disability. www.iser.essex.ac.uk @iseressex www.facebook.com/iseressex AUTUMN 2017 INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH ISER is presenting three events at this year’s ESRC Festival of Social Science The Festival is a unique week-long celebration of the social sciences with over 300 free events taking place across the UK empowerment and parenting decisions. The event will bring together policy makers, What works for work Professor Emilia Del Bono, University of Essex, employer and skills bodies, trade unions, HR incentives: moving will present new research on whether time spent professionals, educationalists, local authorities, with mums makes a difference to children’s pay campaigners and think tanks. Chaired by off benefits development. Vicky Pryce, economist, author and commentator, Dr Birgitta Rabe, University of Essex, will there will be a panel discussion on policies to Tuesday 7 November 2017 from 10am to look at new evidence questioning whether UK address low pay and insecure work in the UK with 1pm at Broadway House, Tothill Street, childcare policies support mums back into Westminster, London SW1H 9NQ work. Jane Gratton, Head of Business Environment Register free at www.iser.essex.ac.uk/events The event will be chaired by Professor and Skills at British Chambers of Commerce, Paul ISER will be presenting new work, including Pam Cox and there will be a panel discussion Gregg, Professor of Economic and Social Policy, analysis using EUROMOD, the microsimulation and Q&A session after the presentations, to and Director of the Centre for Analysis and Social model for the European Union, on how work discuss the possible implications for policy Policy at the University of Bath, Matthew Oakley, incentives make a difference moving people makers, health practitioners and families. Social Metrics Commission and Director of WPI off benefits. The event in Westminster is Panellists will include Jonathan Swan, Head aimed at policy makers and think tanks Economics and Steve Turner, Assistant General of Research at Working Families, Dr Alain interested in improving policies to support Secretary at Unite the Union. Gregoire, Chair of the Maternal Mental Health those not working back into employment. The event will also see the launch of the Alliance, Sarah McMullen, Head of Knowledge The event will look at international Insights 2017 report. This year’s report covers at National Childbirth Trust and Jonathan comparisons with presentations from Xavier Rallings, Assistant Director for Policy at policy relevant findings on the themes of pay Jara from the University of Essex on in-work Barnardo’s. and employment, adult mental health and poverty and secondary earners, and from James The event is open to the public,4-11 policy November work-life balance, 2017 with commentary from Browne from the OECD looking at childcare costs makers, journalists, charities, thinktanks leading experts. and work incentives in OECD and EU countries, and practitioners. followed by a discussion chaired by Doug Rendle from HM Treasury. The second session will look at Impactful Social policy developments in the UK with presentations Insights 2017: how from Paola De Agostini from the University of www.esrc.ac.uk/festivalScience: how social Essex, looking at who faces weak work incentives, should we tackle low L#esrcfestival Find us on Facebook and David Finch from the Resolution Foundation science is helping on Universal Credit and incentives to progress, pay and precarious followed by a Q&A audience discussion chaired by work – a dynamic or to tackle global Dalia Ben-Galim from Gingerbread. grand challenges The event is open to the public, policy makers, damaging force? thinktanks, journalists and charities. Shamit Saggar, Professor of Political Wednesday 8 November from 4pm to 7.15pm Science and Public Policy at ISER will at Church House Westminster, Dean’s Yard, be speaking at the ESRC’s launch of the Modern motherhood: Westminster, London SW1P 3NZ Festival of Social Science at the Royal new evidence for Register free at www.iser.essex.ac.uk/events Society on 7 November, 6-9.30pm. Understanding Society, the UK Household This event is an opportunity to question better policy making Longitudinal Study, will host a topical leading UK social scientists on a range debate on work in the UK using new of global issues from climate change, Wednesday 8 November 2017 from 10am evidence from the study. Is lack of working migration, to effective economic and social to 1pm at Broadway House, Tothill Street, hours at the heart of UK’s low pay? Is low policies, global health and the challenges Westminster, London SW1H 9NQ pay a springboard to higher pay? In some of interdisciplinarity. The event will be Register free at www.iser.essex.ac.uk/events circumstances does it pay to take on low hosted by Laurie Taylor of Radio 4’s Thinking ISER will be presenting recent research paid work? Does growing self-employment Allowed, with speakers including Professor on modern motherhood to an audience of indicate entrepreneurship or casualisation Saggar, Professor Lord Nicholas Stern, policy makers, third sector organisations of work? Chair of the ESRC Centre for Climate Change and campaigners in Westminster. There will be With growing concerns about UK’s endemic Economics and Policy and the Grantham three presentations of recent work from the low pay and impact of the ‘gig’ economy, a Research Institute on Climate Change and ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change. panel of leading policy commentators will the Environment, and Professor Felicity Professor Sonia Bhalotra, University of Essex explore how we can improve low pay and Callard, Director of the Birkbeck Institute will present new research about maternal insecure work in the context of emerging for Social Research. depression and its influence on women’s evidence. 2 www.facebook.com/iseressex @iseressex www.iser.essex.ac.uk INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH AUTUMN 2017 Methodology of Universal Remedy: ensuring Universal Longitudinal Surveys Credit is fit for Conference: 25-27 July 2018 purpose? Professor Mike Brewer has co-authored a The University of Essex to host international conference new report published by the Resolution on design and implementation of surveys Foundation, ahead of the Autumn Statement and the full roll-out of This international conference will bring The conference will highlight research relating to Universal Credit (UC). The report builds together researchers involved in the design, all stages of the design and implementation of on the Resolution Foundation’s expert implementation and analysis of longitudinal longitudinal surveys, but with a particular focus panel review of Universal Credit in 2015. surveys. on areas in which significant advances have This autumn marks the point at which the The last time an event on this topic was been made in the last 12 years. Professor Peter full UC system – serving all types of cases, hosted by Understanding Society was back in Lynn, Understanding Society Associate Director rather than just the simplest ones that have 2006, when the first MOLS conference led to a for Methodology, explains why the conference is dominated to date (early rollout focussed on monograph book, Methodology of Longitudinal important: unemployment but not more complex cases Surveys. Since then, there have been great “The field of longitudinal survey methods involving children, housing or disability) – advancements in the developments in the has advanced considerably in the last few is finally being put into place at scale.