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Synod of Bishops XI Ordinary General Assembly The Eucharist: Source and Summit of the Life and Mission of the Church Instrumentum Laboris Liturgy © The General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops and Libreria Editrice O f f i c e Vaticana. E NGLAN D This edition was prepared by the Liturgy Office of the Bishops’ Conference & W ALES of England and Wales. www.liturgyoffice.org.uk/Resources SYNOD OF BISHOPS XI ORDINARY GENERAL ASSEMBLY THE EUCHARIST: SOURCE AND SUMMIT OF THE LIFE AND MISSION OF THE CHURCH INSTRUMENTUM LABORIS INDEX Preface 5 Introduction 8 The Synodal Assembly in the Year of the Eucharist 8 The Instrumentum Laboris and Its Use 8 Part I The Eucharist and Today’s World Chapter I Hungering for the Bread of God Bread for Each Person in the World 10 Some Essential Statistics 10 The Eucharist in Various Situations in the Church 12 The Eucharist and the Christian Meaning of Life 13 Chapter II The Eucharist and Ecclesial Communion Eucharistic Mystery: The Expression of Ecclesial Unity 14 The Relation of the Eucharist to the Church as ‘Bride and Body of Christ’ 14 The Relation of the Eucharist to the Other Sacraments 16 The Close Bond Between the Eucharist and Penance 18 The Relation of the Eucharist to the Faithful 19 Shadows in the Celebration of the Eucharist 20 Part II The Faith of the Church in the Mystery of the Eucharist Chapter I The Eucharist, God’s Gift to His People The Eucharist: the Mystery of Faith 22 The Eucharist: The New and Eternal Covenant 23 Faith and the Celebration of the Eucharist 23 Personal Faith and the Church’s Faith 24 The Perception of the Eucharistic Mystery among the Faithful 24 The Sense of the Sacred in the Eucharist 25 Chapter II The Paschal Mystery and the Eucharist The Centrality of the Paschal Mystery 26 Names for the Eucharist 26 Sacrifice, Memorial and Meal 27 The Consecration 27 The Real Presence 28 Instrumentum Laboris 3 Part III The Eucharist in the Life of the Church Chapter I Celebrating the Eucharist of the Lord “We thank you for counting us worthy to stand in your presence…” 30 The Introductory Rites 31 The Liturgy of the Word 31 The Liturgy of the Eucharist 32 The Communion 33 The Concluding Rite 34 Ars Celebrandi 34 The Word and the Bread of Life 35 The Meaning of Norms 37 An Urgent Pastoral Program 37 Liturgical Song 38 The Dignity of the Sacred Space 39 Chapter II Adoring the Lord in Mystery From Celebration to Adoration 40 Sentiments of Adoration 41 Awaiting the Lord 42 Sunday Eucharist 43 Part IV The Eucharist in the Mission of the Church Chapter I Eucharistic Spirituality The Eucharist: Font of Christian Morality 45 Eucharistic Persons and Communities 46 Mary, Woman of the Eucharist 47 Chapter II The Eucharist and the Mission of Evangelization A Eucharistic Attitude 48 Social Implications of the Eucharist 49 The Eucharist and Inculturation 49 The Eucharist and Peace 51 The Eucharist and Unity 52 The Eucharist and Ecumenism 53 The Eucharist and Intercommunion 54 Ite missa est 54 Conclusion 56 Notes 58 4 The Eucharist: Source and Summit of the Life and Mission of the Church Preface From the very beginning, the Church has drawn her life from the Eucharist. This Sacrament is the reason for her existence, the inexhaustible source of her holiness, the power of her unity, the bond of her communion, the source of her dynamism in preaching the Gospel, the principle of her evangelizing activity, the font of charity, the heart of human promotion and the anticipation of her glory in the Eternal Banquet at the Wedding Feast of the Lamb (cf. Rev 19:7-9). The Risen Lord is present in his Church in various ways, but he is present in a particularly unique way in the Sacrament of the Eucharist. Through the words of consecration and the grace of the Holy Spirit, the bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ for the praise and glory of God the Father. This inestimable gift and great mystery were realized at the Last Supper. With the express command of the Lord Jesus: “Do this in remembrance of me” (Lk 22:19), the Sacrament passes down to us through the Apostles and their successors. In this regard, St. Paul, in his account of the bread and cup of the New Covenant, writes: “For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you” (1 Cor 11:23). Sacred Tradition accounts for its faithful transmission from one generation to the next, down to the present day. Under Divine Providence, the deposit of Eucharistic faith, despite various doctrinal and discipli- nary controversies, has come to us in its original purity as a result of primarily two ecumenical councils: Trent (1545-1563) and Vatican II (1962-1965). Various individual popes have also made notable contributions to a better understanding of the mystery of the Eucharist, among them, Pope Paul VI and Pope John Paul II, both of whom undertook the task of applying in the univer- sal Church the deliberations of the Second Vatican Council. The pontificate of Pope John Paul II enriched the Catholic Church with important documents on the Sacrament of the Eucharist, such as The Catechism of the Catholic Church, the Encyclical Letter Ecclesia de Eucharistia and the Apostolic Letter Mane nobiscum Domine. The Holy Father, Pope Benedict XVI, has also shown his intention to continue the implementation of the Second Vatican Council and to follow faithfully the two-thousand-year-old tradition of the Church by stating in his first discourse, addressed through the College of Cardinals to the whole Church, that the Eucharist is the lasting centre and source of the Petrine service entrusted to him. These documents provide a profound reflection on the Sacrament of the Eucharist which has important spiritual and pastoral implications. The question of great pastoral concern, episcopal responsibility and prophetic vision is to see how this rich patrimony of faith can be implemented in the Catholic Church, extended over five continents, in the initial years of the Third Millen- nium of Christianity and beyond. It came as no surprise that the episcopal conferences around the world and other ecclesial enti- ties, after being contacted by the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, proposed the topic of the Eucharist for the XI Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops. The Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat took the matter up and then submitted it to the considera- tion of the Holy Father, who, given the topic’s importance, most willingly accepted the proposal. He then formulated the synod’s theme in the following manner: The Eucharist: Source and Sum- mit of the Life and Mission of the Church, and, at the same time, established the dates of the syn- odal assembly, 2 - 23 October 2005. The topic explicitly alludes to the teachings of the Second Vatican Council on the Eucharist, set forth for the most part in the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen gentium, 11 and taken up anew in the Encyclical Letter Ecclesia de Eucharistia, 1 and 13. It is not a matter of simply citing the conciliar document but systematically assess- Instrumentum Laboris 5 ing—considering the renewed enthusiasm for the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council—how its teachings on the Sacrament of the Eucharist have been applied in light of the Church’s Magis- terium on the subject. The General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, with the assistance of the members of the Or- dinary Council, began preparation for the XI Ordinary General Assembly, with the drafting of the Lineamenta. This document was published at the beginning of 2004 to foster in the Church widespread discussion and reflection on the mystery of the Eucharist, the mystery celebrated and adored in the dioceses and communities of the Catholic Church and the mystery proclaimed by the Church to all the world. The Lineamenta was sent to the episcopal conferences, the Eastern Catholic Churches sui iuris, the Departments of the Roman Curia and the Union of Superiors General, with the expressed request that they set aside time for reflection and prayer on the topic and respond to the questions which treated various pastoral aspects related to the Eucharist. Because of the means of social communication, this document received a wide distribution in the Church and the world. Under the guidance of the bishops, the entire People of God made significant contributions on the topic in preparation for the synodal assembly. In various coun- tries of the world, dioceses, parishes and other ecclesial communities engaged in discussion in what amounted to an inquiry on faith in the Eucharist and Eucharistic practice in the Universal Church. Submissions arriving at the General Secretariat from the aforementioned collegial bodies were categorized as “responses,” while the unsolicited contributions of others wishing to take part in the synodal process, were classified as “observations.” In each case, the results were included in the Instrumentum laboris, a document which is intended to be a faithful summary of the informa- tion which arrived at the General Secretariat. The present document reflects the general contents of the submissions and does not represent a systematic, complete, theological treatise on the Sacrament of the Eucharist, which already exists in the Church. Instead, it touches upon some doctrinal truths of notable influence in celebrating this sublime mystery of our faith, which puts in relief the Sacrament’s great pastoral richness. This document then is principally concentrated on the positive aspects of the celebration of the Eucharist which bring the faithful together and make them a community, despite their differences in race, language, nation and culture.