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Romania - Nato MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENCE GENERAL STAFF THE ACADEMY FOR ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES Center for Strategic Studies of Security ROMANIA - NATO 1990 – 2002 THE ACADEMY FOR ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES PUBLISHING HOUSE Bucharest, 2002 Co-ordination: Colonel (ret) Constantin MOŞTOFLEI Ph.D., main scientific researcher, deputy director of Center for Strategic Studies of Security Editor: Colonel (ret) Vasile POPA, scientific researcher Cover: Sorina RĂDUICĂ 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .................................................................................................. 5 1. THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES CLOSER AND CLOSER TO NATO........................................................... 7 2. NATO, WARRANT OF STABILITY AND SECURITY .............................. 14 3. STRATEGIC DIMENSIONS OF EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION ....... 20 4. RESTRUCTURING AND MODERNIZATION ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES .................................................................................................. 27 GOALS AND STAGE OF ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES RESTRUCTURING AND MODERNIZATION PROCESS............... 27 CIVIL DEMOCRATIC CONTROL OF THE ARMED FORCES ....... 38 JOINT DEFENCE PLANNING ........................................................ 45 FULFILLMENT OF ARMAMENTS REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS ..................................................... 53 ARMED FORCES PROCUREMENT MODERNIZATION PROGRAMS .................................................... 58 INTEROPERABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY WITH NATO STRUCTURES........................................................... 69 RESTRUCTURING AND MODERNIZATION IN THE HUMAN RESOURCES FIELD ........................................... 77 5. ROMANIA’S MILITARY RELATIONS WITH NATO AND PARTNER STATES ................................................................................................... 84 ROMANIA’S PARTICIPATION IN PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE PROGRAM ................................................................ 84 BILATERAL MILITARY RELATIONS .............................................. 95 ROMANIA AND THE NATO SOUTH-EAST EUROPEINITIATIVE (SEEI) ................................. 108 RELATIONSHIPS IN THE FIELD OF ARMAMENTS AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.............................................. 111 6. THE ROMANIA’S ROLE IN REGIONAL AND CONTINENTAL SECURITY AND STABILITY ................................................................. 123 DEVELOPMENT FACTOR OF THE SOUTH DIMENSION OF THE ALLIANCE ....................................................................... 123 ROMANIAN CAPABILITY ............................................................. 134 7. ROMANIA – NATO CHRONOLOGY 1990-2002 ................................... 137 CHRONOLOGY OF ROMANIA-NATO RELATIONS (1990-2002) POLITICAL ACTIVITIES................................................................ 137 CHRONOLOGY OF ROMANIA-NATO RELATIONS (1990-2002) MILITARY ACTIVITIES ................................................................. 150 3 Center for Strategic Studies of Security Panduri Str., no. 68 – 72, sector 5, Bucharest Phone: 410.21.74; Fax: 410.03.64 E-mail:[email protected] ISBN 973-8317-57-6 B.272/2002 4 FOREWORD It was a necessity to have such a book that represents a description – in a bilingual edition – of the difficult time that Romania passed especially in the military field since 1990 up to 2002 – the year of the Prague NATO Summit. During this period Romania has followed consequently a very important goal both for our country and for the whole region, the integration into the Alliance. A large group of readers, including those from the NATO member states, could thus learn about the level reached in meeting the joining criteria, about the security and stability vocation of the Romanians deeply correlated with the international efforts to create a new security and cooperation model after September 11th, 2001. The Centre for Strategic Studies of Security has rigorously analyzed this approach and has found out that it embodies not only a permanent effort and a justified hope but also much enthusiasm and good-will, a remarkable evolution, especially after 2000, and a very strong conviction. Among all the candidates, Romania has registered the largest percentage with regard to the support of both the civil population and the army in the pro - NATO option. The explanation of the firm national adhesion to this political and military alternative is very simple: every citizen of Romania believes that we belong to NATO, together with all the countries to which the Romanian past and present are connected and on which our future mostly depends, because the power of the Alliance, the unity and the security of the European continent are based on a value system in which we also recognise ourselves. The volume in front of you is neither a sentimental book nor a savant or conjunctural demonstration of the exceptional role played by Romania in the European strategic area. This book is a faithful depiction of a hard and long-lasting work made step by step, with correctness and good-sense. It is a book about a great national choice, focussed on the army’s endeavour and perseverance to meet the criteria of interoperability with NATO structures, about the nation’s efforts for making possible the integration into tha Alliance. It is a book about an already reached horizon and about another one to be reached, about an achieved level and an assimilated project. It is an honour and a duty for us to describe our potential, efforts and results in this difficult process, our future contribution to the consolidation of the southern part of the Alliance. By summing up the measures for the reorganization and modernization of the military institution, the participation in peace supporting operations and in numerous humanitarian actions, in the exercises organized within the PfP as well as the nation’s efforts to ensure 5 the necessary conditions to fulfil such engagements, we find out that actually there is a continuity of this process, a Romanian consensus and a very well defined and applied concept. The preparation process of the civil population and of the army for the integration into NATO is a Romanian meticulous construction, based on national solidarity, knowledge and awareness. In this respect we could distinguish the special efforts of the political leadership, of the academic and universitary environment, of the scientific and cultural research, of all personalities of our country, of the ethnic minorities, Diasporas, of the common citizens, of each Romanian taken apart and all together, as a whole. Nothing has happened by chance. Before and after 1993 we have developed a national strategy that configured and conducted the new philosophy of integration. The strategy of Euro-Atlantic integration began with the constitutive protocol of the “Consultative National Council for Euro- Atlantic Integration”, signed on the 3rd of November 1993 by 14 political parties, and therefore by the whole Romanian political society. The first report of this Council, at its very first meeting, was presented by the Minister of National Defence and focussed on the military dimension of the integration. The integration approach in the last two years of government was much more coherent, more consequent and more efficient at all levels. It made Romania a powerful and unitary candidate for the NATO Summit in Prague in November 2002, a candidate that has already met the established Euro-Atlantic standards and started to act not only as a partner but as a real member of the Alliance. In fact, all structures of the Ministry of National Defence have contributed to the realisation of this volume; its authors are personalities and specialists involved effectively at different levels of the military system regarding the leaderships, conception, research and execution, in order to put into practice the strategy of integration into the Alliance. That is why this book is the image of a process in progress, the synthesis of a collective effort, the force of a project, the expression of a solidarity feeling, the configuration of a reality and the reality of a national irreversible choice. The research department of the Centre for Strategic Studies of Security would like to warmly thank all the persons that have been involved in editing this book and is grateful for the support that they gave us so that this book could be finished in time and under very good graphical conditions. 6 THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES CLOSER AND CLOSER TO NATO General Mihail POPESCU, Ph.D. For more than a decade Romania has been conceiving and building her future on a single option – vital for its security – the European and Euro- Atlantic Integration. The end of the Cold War provided to the Euro-Atlantic area and its close proximity the possibility of new geo-political and geostrategic configurations and of building a more ample and stabile security architecture. The absence of the demarcation lines of the bi-polar period opened to the former communist states of the central and southeastern Europe a new perspective to modernize their security and defence structures and to aspire to NATO accession. The continued enlargement of the Alliance together with the new- launched cooperation mechanisms and agreements offered to Romania and the other candidate states the hopes of joining the Euro-Atlantic organization and consolidating the European security and stability. As for our country, the firm policy to joint NATO, supported by more than 80% of our population was assumed and accomplished consistently by
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