Homeschool record keeping pdf Continue Bacteria time range: 4100-0Ma (2) Had. Archaic proterozoic fan. Sodium - The recent E. coli Escherichia has increased 15,000 times. TaxonomyDomen: BacteriaErenberg 1828 sensu Woese, Candler and Wheelis 1990 Thermomicrobials Diedermicos (Gram negative) Atidobachacteria, Akifiki, Armatimenadeths, Bacteroids, Caldizerica, Chlamydia, Chlorobi, Chrysiogenets, Cyanobacteria, Otreabibakters, Deinococus-Termus, Dictionoglomi, Elusimitrobia, Elusimorobia, Gemmaimonedet, Kiritimatiellae, Lentisfaer, Nitrospira, Planktonite, Proteobactery, Thermodesulfobacteria, Thermotoghe, Verru Candidate Blades, Absconditabacteria, Acetothermia, Egiribacteria, Aerofonet, Aninicanates, Atribacteria, Berkelbacteria, Kalesakaantes, Calditiceota , Cloacimonetes, Coprothermobacterota, Dadabacteria, Dependent, Dormibacteraeota, Dojkabacteria, Fervidibacteria, Fermentibacteria, Gracilibacteria, Hydrogenedents, Ignavibacteria, Katanobacteria , Kryptonia, Latescibacteria, Marinimicrobia, Melenabacteria, Superphilo Microgenomathes, Modribacteria, Nitrospina, Omnitromics, Superphilo Parkcoubacteria, Peregrinibacteria, Poribacteria, Pyropristinus, Rokubacteria, Saharibacteria, Tectomcrobia, Virtacteria, Cicibacteria microorganisms measuring several micrometers (usually from 0.5 to 5 mm in length) and various forms, including spheres (coconuts), bars (bacilli), curved threads (vibrions) and helical (spirots). Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, so unlike eukaryotic cells (animals, plants, fungi, etc.), they do not have a specific nucleus or tend to have internal membranous organelles. They usually have a cell wall and it consists of peptidoglycan (also called moraine). Many bacteria have disasters or other systems of movement and are mobile. Bacteriology, the microbiology industry, is responsible for the study of bacteria. Although the term bacteria has traditionally included all prokaryotes, today taxonoomy and scientific nomenclature divide them into two groups. These evolutionary areas are called bacteria and archaea. The division is justified by the large differences represented by both groups at the biochemical and genetic level. The main difference in archaea is the frequent presence of the peptidoglycan wall together with its composition in membrane lipids. Bacteria are the most common organisms on the planet. They are ubiquitous, inhabited in all terrestrial and aquatic habitats; Grow at extremes, as in hot and acid sources, in radioactive waste, deep in the sea and earth crust. Some bacteria can even survive in extreme open space conditions. It is estimated that about 40 million bacterial cells can be found in one gram of soil and one million bacterial cells per milliliter of fresh water. In total, there are an estimated 5×1030 bacteria in the world. Bacteria are necessary for the processing of elements, as many important stages of biogeochemical cycles depend on them. Examples include the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. However, only half of the known edges of bacteria have species that can be grown in the lab, so most (about 90%) have a variety of bacteria. existing species of bacteria have not yet been described. The human body has about ten times more bacterial cells than human cells, with more bacteria in the skin and digestive tract. Although the immune system's protective effect makes the vast majority of these bacteria harmless or beneficial, some pathogenic bacteria can cause infectious diseases, including cholera, diphtheria, scarlet fever, leprosy, syphilis, typhoid, etc. Antibiotics are used worldwide to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics are effective against bacteria because they inhibit the formation of cell walls or stop other processes in their life cycle. They are also widely used in agriculture and livestock in the absence of disease, making bacteria's antibiotic resistance widespread. In industry, bacteria are important in processes such as wastewater treatment, the production of butter, cheese, vinegar, yogurt, etc., as well as in the production of medicines and other chemicals. The history of bacteriology by Anton van Leeuwenhoek, the first person to observe the bacterium through a microscope. The existence of microorganisms was a hypothesis in the late Middle Ages. In Canon Medicine (1020), Aba al-Aan (Avicena) presented that bodily secretions were contaminated with many infectious inordous bodies before a person fell ill, but he did not identify these bodies as the first cause of the disease. When the black plague (bubonic plague) reached al-Andalus in the 14th century, Ibn Hathim and Ibn they wrote that infectious diseases were caused by contagious creatures entering the human body. These ideas about contagion as the cause of some diseases became very popular during the Renaissance, especially thanks to the works of Girolamo Fracastoro. The first bacteria were spotted by the Dutchman Anton van Leuvenhoek in 1676 using a simple microscope developed by himself. He first called them animalculos and published his observations in a series of letters he sent to the Royal Society of London. Mark von Plenz (18th century) claimed that infectious diseases were caused by small organisms discovered by Levenhok. The name of the bacterium was later introduced, in 1828, by Ehrenberg, derived from the Greek bacterium βακτήριον, which means small ski. In 1835, Agostyno Bassi was able to experimentally demonstrate that silkworm disease has a microbial origin, and then concluded that many diseases, such as typhoid, syphilis and cholera, would have a similar origin. In the 1850s classification, bacteria called Schizomycetes were placed in the plant kingdom and in 1875 they were grouped together with blue-green algae in Shizofit. A cholera patient. Louis Pasteur demonstrated in 1859 that fermentation processes were caused by the growth of microorganisms, and that such growth was not due to the spontaneous generation as previously assumed. (Neither yeast, mold, nor fungi, organisms usually associated with these fermentation processes are bacteria). Pasteur, like his contemporary and colleague Robert Koch, was one of the early proponents of microbial disease theory. Robert Koch was a pioneer of medical microbiology, working with various infectious diseases such as cholera, anthrax and tuberculosis. Koch was able to prove the microbial theory of the disease after his research in tuberculosis, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1905. He found that koch's postulates have since been called, by which a number of experimental criteria have been standardized to demonstrate whether the body is the cause of a disease. These postulates are still in use today. Although bacteria were already known as the cause of many diseases in the late 19th century, there were no antibacterial treatments to fight them. In 1882, Paul Ehrlich, a pioneer in the use of dyes and dyes to detect and identify bacteria, discovers the staining of the Bacillus Koha (zil-Nielsen stain), which is soon being perfected The pot and Nielsen on their own. In 1884, the coloration of a gram was discovered. Ehrlich won the Nobel Prize in 1908 for his work in immunology, and in 1910 developed the first antibiotic through dyes capable of selectively staining and killing the spirochets of the Treponema pallidum species, the bacteria that cause syphilis. A breakthrough in the study of bacteria was the discovery of Carl Woese in 1977 that archaea have a different evolutionary line than bacteria. This new phylogenetic taxonomic was based on the sequencing of 16S ribosomes RNA and divided the prokaryotes into two different evolutionary groups, in a system of three regions: Arkea, Bacteria and Euaria. The Origin and Evolution of Bacteria See also: A timeline of the evolutionary life story of the Philogenetic Tree of Life. Bacteria are shown on the left. A cladogram showing a temporary discrepancy between the main edges of bacteria, archaea and eukaryote. Currently, living creatures are divided into three regions: bacteria (bacteria), archaea (Archaea) and eukaryotes (Eukary). Areas of archaea and bacteria include prokaryotic organisms, i.e. those whose cells do not have a separate nucleus of cells, while the Eukary region includes the most famous and complex forms of life (protists, animals, fungi and plants). The term bacteria is traditionally applied to all prokaryote microorganisms. However, molecular phylogeny has been able to demonstrate that prokaryote microorganisms are divided into two regions, originally called Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, and are now renamed bacteria and archaea that evolved independently of the common ancestor. These two areas, along with the Eukarya domain, form the basis of the three domain system, which is currently the most widely used bacteriology classification system. The term Venus, which is currently being deprete, in the ancient classification of the five kingdoms meant the same thing as the prokaryote, and therefore continues to be used in many manuals and textbooks. The ancestors of modern prokaryotes were the first organisms (first cells) that developed on Earth about 4.25 billion years ago. For nearly 3 billion years all organisms remained microscopic, with bacteria and arches probably dominating life forms. Although there are bacterial fossils such as stromatolites without preserving their distinctive morphology they cannot be used to study the history of bacterial evolution, or the origin of a particular bacterial species. however, genetic sequences can be used to restore the phylogeny