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Archivistica EUGENIO CASANOVA _______________ ARCHIVISTICA ã ã 2ª E DIZIONE SIENA STAB. ARTI GRAFICHE LAZZERI 1928 AGLI ARCHIVISTI DI TUTTO IL MONDO ALLA SACRA MEMORIA DI GIUSEPPINA CASANOVA D.D.D. La biblioteca di ARCHIVI – http://archivi.beniculturali.it E. CASANOVA - Archivistica Questo volume contiene il corso, da noi professato nella Fa- coltà di scienze politiche ed economiche della r. Università di Roma, sotto gli auspici dell’on. prof. Alberto De Stefani, benemerito pre- side della Facoltà medesima. Vede la luce per l’insistenza affettuosa, colla quale 1’ amata nostra unica sorella, Giuseppina, seppe vincere la nostra riluttanza e spingerci al lavoro, additandoci l'obbligo, impostoci dalla lunga serie di anni trascorsi nell’amministrazione degli archivi, di rac- cogliere, prima di chiuderla, le osservazioni, fattevi, da lasciare ai colleghi e agli studiosi come conforto nella dura ascesa. Amo- rosamente Ella ci seguì nella elaborazione faticosa del nostro pen- siero e ci sorresse, né fu paga se non quando ne vide iniziata la stampa; che volle saper dedicata alla grande famiglia degli ar- chivisti italiani e stranieri, a quei modesti compagni di lavoro, in mezzo a cui soffrimmo e godemmo. per sì lungo tempo. Pur troppo, compiuto quello che considerava come suo estremo dovere e prima ancora che la composizione fosse inoltrata, la bell’anima sua fu rapita al nostro affetto, al nostro conforto: Ella ci abbandonò per sempre, rendendo più sacro per noi il voto di soddisfare al- l'ultima esortazione di lei. La biblioteca di ARCHIVI – http://archivi.beniculturali.it E. CASANOVA - Archivistica VI Coll’animo dolorante, dunque, nella triste solitudine di questa vita, diamo retta al suo incitamento, dedicando questa fatica, qua- lunque sia, agli Archivisti di tutto il mondo, di tutti i gradi, affinché vedano se qualche cosa di utile ne sappiamo ricavare; ma, dedicandola altresì a Colei, che ne fu l'ispiratrice, e che, perciò, da qualunque sfera ove sia, saprà forse ottenere un giudizio meno crudo su questa opera modestissima. * * * Rari sono, in Italia e altrove, coloro i quali sappiano che cosa sia un archivio; rarissimi, coloro i quali discernano a che veramente serva. Ma, quantunque scarsi di numero, questi eletti costituiscono una forza; che, colle sue generose rampogne, frena, talvolta, lo scempio, che delle scritture, che lo compongono, vor- rebbero incessantemente fare la trascuranza e la brutalità altrui. Questo scempio, però, è fatale, ineluttabile attraverso il tempo e lo spazio, come fatale è per tutto il creato: ciò che rende più squisita la lotta, che, in altri termini, per opera di quei pochi, contro la barbarie combatte la civiltà. Questa lotta si manifesta in tutti quegli accorgimenti, coi quali si raccolgono, si conservano e tramandano, si ordinano e utiliz- zano le memorie del passato e del presente, a benefizio della So- cietà: accorgimenti, che richiedono una somma notevole di abne- gazione e di austerità da coloro, i quali vi attendono. Con tali virtù questi individui rendono non scarsi servigi alla Società e alla scienza; ma, per quel senso indefinibile di scetticismo, che ne in- forma la vita, non si curano di strombazzarli, di esaltarli, né asseriscono di aver mai salvato il mondo: e, quindi, lasciano che altri ne approfitti, che tutti li dimentichino e ne ignorino persino l'esistenza. Ne conseguono l'abbandono, nel quale essi e il loro istituto sono generalmente lasciati, l'incomprensione, che tutta questa ma- La biblioteca di ARCHIVI – http://archivi.beniculturali.it E. CASANOVA - Archivistica VII teria aduggia e, pur troppo, intacca persino la loro stessa fibra, sì da ridurli empirici cultori di dottrina, da tutti ignorata. Da questo processo di alterazione, che da tempo si svolge, sorge il problema dell’archivio, degnissimo dello stadio di civiltà, al quale siamo giunti; e a risolverlo ci proviamo colle pagine seguenti: nelle quali, forse con eccessiva presunzione, tentiamo cosa, a no- stra conoscenza non mai sperimentata, vale a dire, l'affermazione di una nuova scienza. Nel contesto abbiamo, volta per volta, accanto all'altrui dottrina, espresso le opinioni nostre in proposito, suffragate da esempi, raccolti nella lunga nostra esperienza; e, procurato di spaziare, non soltanto su la massima parte d’Italia, ma, ancora, oltre i confini di essa, in ossequio a quell’universalità della scienza e della civiltà, che è, per noi, assioma indiscutibile. Certo, così procedendo, siamo stati, da un lato, forse, ecces- sivamente personali; dall’altro, senza dubbio, difettosi. Ma, se le personalità si dirimono facilmente, quando la scienza abbia provato l’insussistenza del loro contenuto, e, ad ogni modo, danno la via alla discussione, dalla quale balza la verità; le deficienze sono altrettanto facilmente colmate, quando la loro impostatura sia riconosciuta esatta e ritenuta, come è in effetto, una semplice esemplificazione, diretta ad invogliare altri a completarla. Esponendo teorie, raccogliendo osservazioni, discutendo altrui opinioni sotto una forma, secondo noi, nuova, ci siamo ingegnati di collocarle nel loro ambiente e accompagnarle con una suffi- ciente erudizione; che taluno taccerà forse di saccenteria. Se l'ac- cusatore si compiacerà di riflettervi, vedrà che non ci siamo di molto allontanati dal campo, assegnatoci dalla materia trattata, vastissimo, pur troppo, e complesso e, perciò appunto, da nessuno ancora affrontato nella sua integrità. Ma, pur, se ciò costituisca errore, accettiamo di lieto animo l'incolpazione, purché valga a spingere altri a far meglio. Poiché, La biblioteca di ARCHIVI – http://archivi.beniculturali.it E. CASANOVA - Archivistica VIII anche nello sforzo di dimostrare l'universalità di questo problema e della soluzione relativa, anche nel tentativo di non pretermet- tere né l'ultimo progresso, né l'ultima comunicazione letteraria, sappiamo di aver dovuto trascurare molti risultati, dei quali ci lusinghiamo farà tesoro chi voglia con maggior fortuna ed onore seguirci nella via battuta. Per noi, ci considereremo sempre più che paghi di avere recato un qualunque modestissimo contributo all’avviamento di una scienza, alla quale è assicurato un indi- scutibile avvenire, e della quale ci onoriamo di essere stati sempre fervidissimi cultori. Roma, maggio 1928. La biblioteca di ARCHIVI – http://archivi.beniculturali.it E. CASANOVA - Archivistica TAVOLA DELLE MATERIE PREFAZIONE ............................................................... p. V TAVOLA DELLE MATERIE ............................................. « IX NOZIONI GENERALI ........................................................ .« 1 Materie scrittorie .....................................................« 3 Nomenclatura; imprecisione della medesima ............ « 4 Riunione degli atti ................................................ « 10 Etimologia della voce archivio ............................... « 11 Definizioni varie dell’archivio ............................... « 12 Definizione dell’archivio....................................... « 19 Distinzione dell’archivio dagli istituti affini ........... « 21 Diversità degli archivi........................................... « 21 Funzione dell’archivio .......................................... « 24 Archivistica ......................................................... « 24 Divisione dell’archivistica..................................... « 25 I. — AMMINISTRAZIONE GENERALE ESTERNA DELL’ AR- CHIVIO E DEGLI ATTI: ARCHIVECONOMIA.......................... « 27 Costruzione dell’archivio....................................... « 29 Ubicazione del locale...................................... « 31 Suolo pel fabbricato........................................ « 34 Costruzione dell’edifizio................................. « 36 Ripartizione dell’edifizio ................................ « 39 Forma e disposizione interna dei locali ............. « 41 Edifizi vecchi................................................. « 42 Aria e luce..................................................... « 43 Luce artificiale............................................... « 44 Riscaldamento................................................ « 45 Impiantito...................................................... « 46 Tetto ............................................................. « 46 Conclusione ................................................... « 46 La biblioteca di ARCHIVI – http://archivi.beniculturali.it E. CASANOVA - Archivistica X Arredamento dei locali ......................................... p. 47 Scaffalature ................................................... « 47 Scaffali ......................................................... « 50 Doppia scaffalatura......................................... « 51 Scaffalatura metallica..................................... « 52 Scaffalatura in cemento armato ........................ « 55 Sale e armadi speciali ..................................... « 56 Verniciatura................................................... « 57 Arredamento degli uffici........................................ « 57 Sale pel pubblico............................................ « 58 Biblioteca ...................................................... « 60 Mostra........................................................... « 61 Portineria, uscieri........................................... « 62 Economato ..................................................... « 64 Protocollo...................................................... « 64 Ufficio copia.................................................. « 65 Gabinetto fotografico.....................................
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