O Tratado De 1825 E a Guerra Da Cisplatina Na Construção Do Estado No Brasil

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O Tratado De 1825 E a Guerra Da Cisplatina Na Construção Do Estado No Brasil Universidade Federal Fluminense Centro de Estudos Gerais Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Mestrado em História Aline Pinto Pereira Domínios e Império: o Tratado de 1825 e a Guerra da Cisplatina na construção do Estado no Brasil Niterói 2007 1 ALINE PINTO PEREIRA Domínios e Império: o Tratado de 1825 e a Guerra da Cisplatina na construção do Estado no Brasil Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre. Área de Concentração: História Social. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Gladys Sabina Ribeiro Niterói, 2007. 2 SUMÁRIO Agradecimentos................................................................................................. 5 Resumo.................................................................................................................. 8 Introdução Do Prólogo ao Prefácio: primeiras impressões................................................. 9 Novas possibilidades frente à crise da América Hispânica.............................. 13 O Prata e os rumos políticos do Brasil............................................................... 21 Opção pela História Política Renovada............................................................. 29 Sobre o Contextualismo de Pocock e a História dos Conceitos de Reinhart Koselleck: breve digressão.................................................................................. 33 A história dos conceitos como inspiração........................................................... 37 Sobre a guerra e o poder: rápidas considerações.............................................. 41 Capítulo 1 Entre a Espada, a Coroa e o Cetro: uma discussão sobre a soberania no Brasil do Oitocentos............................................................................................. 49 Soberania em debate: interpretações multifacetadas....................................... 66 Soberania em dois atos: a causa da Cisplatina e as ambigüidades dos discursos em face do conflito................................................................................ 86 3 Capítulo 2 O reconhecimento da Independência brasileira e suas implicações para as políticas interna e externa..................................................................................... 114 A Convenção Adicional do artigo 3º e as suas implicações políticas................................................................................................................. 143 O bloqueio de 1826 e o corso na costa do Atlântico: outro capítulo do impasse diplomático entre Brasil e Argentina................................................... 157 Capítulo 3 Da reciprocidade entre os Estados: as convenções de paz e o término da guerra da Cisplatina ............................................................................................. 184 Algumas interpretações sobre a guerra.............................................................. 197 As negociações para o processo de paz e a mediação britânica........................ 205 Pela reciprocidade dos Estados no processo de paz.......................................... 218 Conclusão.............................................................................................................. 234 Anexos................................................................................................................... 239 Fontes..................................................................................................................... 254 Referências bibliográficas................................................................................... 255 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Não acabarão com o amor, nem as rusgas, nem a distância. Está provado, pensado, verificado. Aqui levanto solene minha estrofe de mil dedos e faço o juramento: Amo firme, fiel e verdadeiramente. Dedução, de Vladimir Maiakovski Entre agosto de 2002 e julho de 2004, participei do projeto “Identidade Nacional e a formação da cidadania no Grão-Pará, Maranhão, Bahia, Pernambuco e Rio de Janeiro (1822-1860)”, concebido e orientado pela Profª. Drª Gladys Sabina Ribeiro. Durante o período em que integrei o referido projeto como bolsista de Iniciação Cientifica, por concessão do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), iniciou-se meu interesse pela Guerra da Cisplatina e por sua ingerência nas questões relativas à formação do Estado Imperial brasileiro. Tal experiência foi de fundamental importância para que eu prosseguisse pesquisando sobre o conflito no Prata e os seus desdobramentos políticos durante o Primeiro Reinado, apresentando monografia sobre o tema, como conclusão do curso de graduação em História, na Universidade Federal Fluminense. Do mesmo modo, contribuiu para que eu adquirisse maior maturidade no diálogo com as fontes históricas, a partir do contato permanente com documentos de diferentes naturezas – atas, ofícios, correspondências, jornais, relatórios e etc – assim como me deu maior desenvoltura para freqüentar arquivos, bibliotecas e outras instituições de fomento à pesquisa. Parte da documentação coligida durante o projeto “Identidade Nacional e a formação da cidadania no Grão-Pará, Maranhão, Bahia, Pernambuco e Rio de Janeiro (1822-1860)”, foi gentilmente cedida pela orientadora para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. 5 Agradeço a Profª Drª Gladys Sabina Ribeiro pela confiança, pelo incentivo constante, pelas conversas e pela orientação que deram origem a esta dissertação. Obrigada, principalmente, pela amizade, cativada ao longo dos últimos cinco anos. Aos membros da banca de qualificação e da banca examinadora deste trabalho, Profª Drª Lúcia Maria Bastos Pereira das Neves e Prof. Dr. Théo Lobarinhas Piñeiro, agradeço pelas preciosas críticas e sugestões, que de alguma forma alteraram para melhor os rumos deste trabalho, possibilitando que ele ganhasse novo fôlego. À Profª Drª Lúcia Bastos agradeço pelas contribuições apresentadas durante o exame de qualificação, assim como pela gentileza na cessão de textos e de fontes para esta dissertação. Ao Prof. Dr. Théo Piñeiro, agradeço pelas sugestões bibliográficas, pelos questionamentos e pelo incentivo constante. Outros professores contribuíram, ainda que indiretamente, para a realização deste trabalho. Dentre eles os professores Dr. Carlos Gabriel Guimarães, Dr. Noberto Ferreras e Dra. Martha Abreu – aos quais agradeço. É preciso agradecer também aos colegas de pesquisa, que compartilharam, em momentos distintos, meu anseio em levar adiante esta dissertação. Dentre eles: Eliane Paiva da Rocha Machado, Carolina Naciff de Andrade, Marcelo Medeiros, Vantuil Pereira e Gina Peixoto – que também vivenciaram a experiência como bolsistas de Iniciação Científica, e estarão presentes juntos às melhores lembranças do meu período universitário, ainda que nossos contatos tenham se tornado escassos, pelas próprias demandas da vida. Aos amigos Cleiza Deccache Maia, Bruno Oliveira, Lílian Hildegard Janin, Lílian Calandrini, pela amizade e torcida constante, que se tornou ainda mais sólida após concluirmos a graduação. À Daniele Sandes da Silva, Elisa Duarte e Luciana Lamblet Pereira, pelas conversas leves e divertidas, e por terem se revelado importantes “agentes históricos”, durante a convivência no Programa de Pós-Graduação desta instituição. O mesmo vale para Paulo Cruz Terra e Bárbara Lisboa Pinto. Ao Nélio Galsky, agradeço pela troca de idéias e pelas indicações bibliográficas. Aos funcionários do Programa de Pós-graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, e àqueles das instituições visitadas – Arquivo Nacional, Fundação Biblioteca Nacional, Arquivo Histórico e Biblioteca do Palácio Itamaraty, dentre outras – agradeço por terem sido prestativos. À Márcia Azevedo e aos colegas graduandos que integram a equipe do Centro de Estudos do Oitocentos, agradeço pela torcida e comungo do mesmo desejo de vê-los prosperar cada vez mais, juntamente com o CEO. 6 Aos amigos que até hoje não entendem como é possível trocar um domingo de sol por alguma “obrigação acadêmica”, não preciso nem dizer o quanto são e sempre serão importantes para mim. Sempre mesmo. Agradeço especialmente à Aline Cury (Creature, mi hermana), Bianca da Silva Dutra, Luciana Barbosa de Oliveira, Paola Giancoli Malheiro, Ana Beatriz Aguiar Slaib, Julia Pinagé do Amaral, Juliana Medici Vianna, Cristiane Vieira de Paiva, Daniel Carneiro Silami e Leandro Cardoso Feltrim, pela amizade que varia entre quinze e vinte anos. Agradeço também a Luciana Mello de Mendonça Varanda, Coordenadora do Núcleo de Documentação de Relações Internacionais da PUC-Rio, que sempre me incentivou a alçar vôos maiores. Obrigada pela amizade que resiste à distância. Aos meus pais, Emanuel Ubiratan Marques Pereira e Aryna Pinto Pereira, continuo afirmando que não há nada que eu diga que seja capaz de traduzir o amor e a gratidão que sinto por vocês – sempre os dois melhores e maiores amigos que terei neste mundo. Devoto minha vida a vocês dois. Que eu possa aprender cada vez mais com você, Pai (ou deveria dizer “Pãe”), que é o meu amigo melhor e mais especial dos amigos. Você sempre será meu principal referencial de coragem, honestidade, integridade e generosidade. À minha Mãe, que tem acompanhado meus passos com todo o amor e a ternura de sempre. Diariamente, penso no seu carinho, na sua leveza e no seu otimismo, e encontro força para enfrentar quaisquer adversidades que apareçam ao longo do caminho. Quem também merece um agradecimento muito especial é
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