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Příběh Potopených Dinosaurů První Světovou Válku Neprovázely Jen Lidské Oběti

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Příběh Potopených Dinosaurů První Světovou Válku Neprovázely Jen Lidské Oběti VěDa a uMěNÍ potopení lodi SS Mount Temple s paleontologickým nákladem Příběh potopených dinosaurů První světovou válku neprovázely jen lidské oběti. Brzy uplyne rovných sto let od události, která znamenala poměrně velkou ztrátu také pro dějiny paleontologie. 6. prosince 1916 německý křižník SMS Möwe potopil kanadskou obchodní loď SS Mount Temple, převážející mimo jiné 22 beden s výjimečně zachovalými fosiliemi kachnozobých dinosaurů Mgr. Vladimír Socha potopení došlo asi 2 000 kilo- ných i se zkamenělou kůží) odpreparo- jednu kapitolu metrů severně od portugalské- vat a umístit v rámci trvalé výstavy. Tvo- výmluvně nazval ho souostroví Azory. A jak se řily by zřejmě dodnes jeden ze zlatých „Můj nejkrás- ostatky suchozemských obyva- hřebů celé paleontologické expozice. nější dinosaurus se Ktel severoamerické svrchní křídy dosta- potopil v Atlanti- Kachnozobý ly do této části Atlantiku? Jejich dinosaurus rodu historie je stejně zajímavá jako Corythosaurus a jeho osud nákladní lodi, která s nimi zkamenělina. Asi devět klesla ke dnu. Sám metrů dlouzí býložravci Sternberg o těchto žili před 76–74 miliony Unikáty pro Londýn devět metrů dlouhých exem- let na území kanadské Ostatky býložravých dinosaurů objevili plářích později psal ve svých provincie Alberta, poto- a v roce 1912 vykopali slavný paleonto- pamětech a velmi jejich ztráty pené exempláře patřily log Charles H. Sternberg (1850–1943) litoval. Ve své knize Hunting k nejlépe zachovaným a jeho syn Levi (1894–1976) ve zhruba Dinosaurs dokonce celou 75 milionů let starých vrstvách dnešní- vůbec ho Dinosaur National Park v kanadské provincii Alberta. Náklad směřo- val do Londýna, neboť oba pale- ontologové pracovali pro Britské ku“. Proslulý lovec přírodovědecké muzeum. Právě dinosaurů, který zemřel až v této instituci, která má zřejmě největší v období druhé světové války v pokro- paleontologické sbírky na světě, se měly čilém věku 93 let, se s touto nepřízní fosilie korytosaurů (údajně dochova- osudu nikdy nesmířil. SS MOUNT TEMPLE Osud jako Titanic Lines. Zmíněná společnost zakoupila ještě Titaniku v dubnu 1912. Nacházela nepřiplout nešťastným pasažérům na Obchodní loď SS Mount Temple byla dalších čtrnáct lodí a všechny vybavila se totiž poměrně blízko, když šel pomoc. Nechybí ani hlasy, že právě SS postavena v severoanglickém Newcastle- tehdy velmi moderní novinkou – bezdrá- luxusní obr ke dnu. Kapitán Moo- Mount Temple mohla být onou „zá- -on-Tyne a spuštěna na vodu v roce 1901. tovým telegrafem. re tehdy zachytil nouzové signály hadnou lodí“, kterou spatřili lidé na Jméno dostala na počest britského poli- Zajímavou roli sehrála SS Mount a prosbu o pomoc, ale kvůli riziku, potápějícím se Titaniku ve vzdálenosti tika Williama Francise Cowpera, barona Temple při ztroskotání proslulého jež představovaly ledovce, nemohl pouhých pěti až deseti mil (obvykle Mount Temple. Byla dlouhá téměř na místo dorazit včas. se za ni považuje loď SS Californian, 148 metrů a její posádku tvořilo 117 Někteří historikové ale která shodou okolností později také mužů. V roce 1903 ji koupila kanad- vyjadřují podezření, že klesla ke dnu vinou německého ná- ská společnost Canadian Pacific Moore signální světlice mořnictva za první světové války). Ať vypálené z potápějícího už to bylo jakkoliv, čekal kanadskou SS Mount Temple kotví se Titaniku záměrně obchodní loď stejný osud – v době u Nového Skotska, pohlednice ignoroval a z jakéhosi zkázy Titaniku měla před sebou jen z roku 1907 důvodu se rozhodl necelých pět let. Ilustrace a fotografie: Shutterstock, Wikipedia, Wikimedia a fotografie:Wikipedia, Ilustrace Shutterstock, 30 — Živá historie — 6/2014 VěDa a uMěNÍ potopení lodi SS Mount Temple s paleontologickým nákladem Tato veleúspěšná Soutěž válečná loď se maskovala jako Článek vychází z textu obchodní plavi- v autorově knize dlo a při potápění Objevy pod vrstvami slabě vyzbrojených času (Computer Press), lodí Dohody předsta- která právě přichází na vovala velmi efektivní trh. Tuto publikaci mů- nástroj (celkem jich žete získat, odpovíte-li zničila přes čtyřicet). správně na následující Posádka SS Mount otázku: Co znamená Temple se sice po- iguanodon, respekti- kusila bránit, ale ve z čeho toto slovo vzniklo? mnohem lépe vyzbro- Odpověď pište do 8. června do schránky, Literatura: jený německý křižník pal- kterou najdete na www.epublishing.cz/ Colbert, Edwin-Harris: The Great Dinosaur Hunters bou slabý odpor brzy umlčel. O život ziva-historie. and Their Discoveries, Dover přitom přišli čtyři muži a dalších více 1984 než sto členů posádky a pasažérů padlo Mareš, Jaroslav: Záhada dino- saurů, Praha 1993 do zajetí. v budoucnu snad i vyprostit z hloubky Nothdurft, William-Smith, Josh: Poté Němci na lodi rozmístili oceánu případné fragmenty cenných The Lost Dinosaurs of Egypt, výbušniny a poslali ji ke dnu i s živý- fosilií (pakliže již zcela nezanikly, což Londýn 2002 Psihoyos, Louie: Hunting Dino- mi zvířaty a veškerým materiálem na je bohužel pravděpodobné). Tanke saurs, Londýn 1995 palubě. Zajatce převezli do Německa. a jeho tým se domnívají, že se sou- Američtí občané byli v březnu následujícího roku pro- Velmi vzácné puštěni, protože Spojené otisky textury kůže Německý státy tehdy ještě zůstávaly korytosaura, jak je křižník v akci neutrální, ostatní strávili zbytek První světová válka se vedla nemi- války v internaci jako váleční za- objevil Sternberg, díky losrdně na mnoha frontách a moře jatci. Loď dosud spočívá na dně nim máme mnohem nebylo výjimkou. Němci potřebovali Atlantického oceánu v hloubce lepší představu o vzhledu 4 375 metrů. Nešlo však zdaleka těchto živočichů, obvykle Místo potopení SS Mount Temple o jediné plavidlo se tyto „měkké tkáně“ s podobným osu- nedochovají dem: jen v rámci zmíněné kanadské společnosti byla v pořadí již čtvrtá a do konce války kleslo ke časnými technologiemi není zcela dnu ještě dalších čtrnáct nemožné místo zkázy SS Mount lodí. Temple najít. Projektu se začalo ří- Azory kat Dinosaurs in the Deep (Dino- Příběh nekončí sauři v hloubce), bohužel však pro Kanadský paleontolog něj zatím chybí dost financí. Kdo Darren Tanke (1960) je ví? Možná zbytky nádherných dino- narušit poměrně velkorysé zásobová- vedoucím smělého projektu, který má sauřích zkamenělin z Kanady ještě ní Velké Británie ze zámoří a k tomu za cíl zmapovat, nafilmovat a někdy někdy spatříme. účelu se dobře vybavili ponorkami i kvalitně vyzbrojenými hladinovými PROFIL LODI plavidly. SS Mount Temple společ- SMS Möwe nosti Canadian Pacific Lines vyplula Zajímavé jsou také osudy křižníku SMS Möwe. Válku přečkal a v roce 1920 přešel pod správu Německý křižník 3. prosince z Montrealu a směřovala SMS Möwe do francouzského Brestu a následně jisté britské společnosti, které sloužil pod názvem SS Greenbrier coby transportní plavidlo anglického Liverpoolu. Loď převáže- pro přepravu ovoce. V roce 1933 jej však Britové znovu prodali do la zmíněných 22 beden se zkameněli- Německa, načež se plavil pod jménem D/S Oldenburg. Za druhé nami, 710 koní pro kanadské vojáky světové války se stal přepravní lodí německého námořnictva na evropských bojištích a 6 250 tun a putoval mezi Německem a okupovaným Norskem. Téměř na konci materiálu a potravin, z toho 3 000 tun války, 7. dubna 1945 jej spojenecká letadla potopila u norské obce obilí. Vadheim. Části vraku se stále nacházejí v poměrně dobrém stavu Zhruba v polovině vzdálenosti v hloubce 23–75 metrů a patří k vyhledávaným cílům potápěčů. Pro mezi pobřežím Newfoundlandu a Špa- úplnost uveďme, že jak jméno Möwe (či Moewe), tak Oldenburg nělskem plavidlo odhalil a zadržel ně- nesla za války ještě nejméně jedna další loď německého námořnictva. mecký hladinový křižník SMS Möwe. 6/2014 — Živá historie — 31.
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