_.___ . _ ... ~..... ~.... _~ __ ---:.v ____ .. _.__. __ ~ ________ DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 JHANSI DISTRICT -------------- FOREWORD Several States, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were published in U. P. under the title "District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the 1951 census, when the tabulation has been more elaborate than ever in view of the require .... ments of the country, the district .. wise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break .. up for census tracts within the district), the District Index of Non .. agricultural Occupations, agricultural statistics from 1901.102 to 195°"51 and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. 2. It may be added here that a separate set of district .. wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled "District Population Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of District Census Handbooks printed so far is fou~teen. Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is hoped thafthe remaining Handbooks will be pri.nted before the end of 1955. RAJESHW ARI PRASAD. I.A.S., R.AMPtnt: Supef'intendent, Census Operations, February 28, 1955. Utta" PraJu/'. CON'l'ENTt-; [NTIlODUCTtON- A-The Dist.rict i_iii B-Analysis of the Statistics iii-1Ci C -FlxplAonatory not,a on t,he Statistics xi-xiii PART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES A-1}ElN'IllR.-I.L POPULA.TION TABLES- A-I Area., Houses B.nd Population 3 A-II Variation in Population clueing Fifty Years :> A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Population 4-5 A-IV Towns Classified by Populution with VHriatioll~ "incl) 1001 6-7 A-V Towns <tl'L'..mgtld Tcll'l'itorially wit,h Population by .Livelilwod OlilSB8S 8-9 ill Area and Population of District and Tehsils by Livelihood Cla'3ses 10-11 B-EoONOMIC 'l'ABL"~S-- 13·1 Livelihood Cbsses >l,ud Sub·classes 12-17 B·Il Secondary Means of Livelihood 18-29 B- [II Employers, Employees and Independull~ W ul'ken:i in Iud 1l'41'ies and i::Io!'vi(le~ by lJivisiun~ and Sub-divisions 30-60 H·IV Unemployment, by Livelihood-Classes 61-62 Index of Non-a~ri()ultural Occupations 63-61 (J ·_!:IOlJSl!ll!OLD AND AGE (SAMPLE) TABLES- C-I Household (Size and Composition) 68-69 a·II Livelihoud Classes by Age·group8 70-T1 C-IlI Age and Civil Condition 78-81 O-IV Age and Literaoy 82-85 C-V Hingle Year Age Returns 86-93 D-l Languages (i) Mot;heI' Tongu" 94-95 (ii) Bilingualism 96-97 f)·I l i.{eligioll . , 98-99 i)·III Soheduled Castes 98-99 lJ-lV Migrants 1(;0-103 1). V (i) Oi:;;plaQed pel'l:lons by year of' arl'j val in India 104-105 (ii) Displaced pemons by Livelihood Clusl:lef-: 106-107 D· VI Non.Indifill NationalS 106-107 O·VII Livelihood Classes by Educatioll&1 Standards 108-113 PART II--VILLAGE. rrOWN, PARGANA AND rl'HANA S'J'A'I'lH'l'lCS Primary CeMus Abf:Maot 116-167 2 p ..rgana and Thana.wise Population 168-169 PART III-MISCELLANEOUS STATI~TICS I Vittll :-;tatist;icH 172-175 2 Agricultural Statistics-(i) Rainfall 176-177 (ii) Area as olassified with details of area under oultivation 178-181 (iii) Cropped Al'or. 182-197 (iv) Irrigated Area 198-201 3 Live.Stock, Agricultural Maohinery and Implement.s 202-204 ~ List of Primary Schoolt, 205-206 INTRODUCTION A ~ __ rl'IU] DIS'I'RIC'L' 1. The district of Jhansi lies in the extreme south-west corner of Uttar Pradesh. The Lalitpi.u Sub-division (Tehsils Lalitpur and Mahroni), which is 'connected by a narrow neck with the south-west of tehsil Jhansi and was formerly a district, forms a top-shaped appendage. The district is bounded on the east by Dhasan river which separates it from the Hamirpur District; and on the south-east lies- the State of Vindhya Pradesh. To the north its boundaries march with those of the .Jalaun District; and to the west with that of Madhya Bharat and for some distance with that of Vindhya Pradesh. On the southern side lies the Saugor District of Madhya Pradesh. For revenue purposes the district, is divided into six tehsils -Garautha, Jhan8i, Lalitpur, Mahroni, Mau Ranipur and Moth, The total area of the district in 1951 was 31'905 square miles and the total population 8'78 Jakhs. There are in all 12 parganas and 27 thanas, 2. The general landscape is that of bare, undulating plains, relieved by confused Topography rocky hills or ravine-edged river beds and succeeded by an unattractive level expanse of black cotton soil which reaches northward to the Yamuna through .J alaun. Throughout the district the slope of the land is roughly from south to north. On the extreme south in Lalitpur Sub-division lies the Vindhyan Plateau which has peaks of which the highest Lakhanjhir is 2,064 feet above sea leavel. Just north of the plateau on the black soil plain the level is 1,400 feet. Except for a fringe of red soil and jungle in the south-east this black soil plain, cut, up and intersected by many rivers and streams stretches north beyond Lalitpur where a rocky red soil tract begins and continues still sloping northwards, to the Betwa which separates Lalitpur Sub~division from Jhansi proper. North of the Betwa, the same rocky, uneven red soil tract dotted with numerous bare Or scrub clad hills continues except for the broad boulder st rewn channel of Betwa, to the north of Jhansi town embracing also the south-western part of Mau tehsil. }j"urther north this gives place to a fairly level belt of light soil and beyond it to a black soil plain still heavily interescted by nalM and fringed by barren ravines along the Betwa and Dhasan rivers. The black soil itself is traversed by two main lines of hills-one of them runs north-eastwards through Jhansi and Moth tehsils and the other follows a parallel course to the east through Man Ranipur and Garautha tehsils. From the above description it will be evident that the different tracts in the district are not homogeneous. Jhansi tehsil has two distinct tracts. To the north is a level expanse of good soil. This is the best tract in the northern portion of the district. With the exception of some inferior villages along the Betwa, homesteads are plentiful, popula­ tion close, embankments numerous and cultivation intense. To the south great stretcheR of rocky and broken ground offer a marked contrast. The villages generally resemblf· these in the north of Lalitpur Sub-division. The Garautha tehsil interesected by a net work of nalM is a poor and broken tract. To the north-east of Jhansi tehsil and west and north-west of Garautha tehsil lies the Moth tehsil. The tract between Betwa and Pahuj approximates to that of northern Jhansi and is diversified here and there by steep red hills. The eastern portion of the tehsil has much in common with Garautha. The Mau Ranipur tehsil adjoins Garautha and the Dhasan forms the eastern' boundary separating it from Hamirpur. The southern portion is generally wild and hilly dotted with artificial lakes and fertile irrigated valleys but displaying also great tracts of barren waste. The northern portion of the tehsil though crossed by hills is more open and !twel and fairly well wooded. The appendage to the south of the district comprising of Lalitpur and Mahroni tehsils have already been described. The latter is very largely composed of jungle and rock with very poor soils. 3. ~ith its rivers the Betwa, Dhasan, ,Jamni and Pahuj and their tributaries and Drain8~e with the comparatively steep gradient the district is everywhere excessively drained. No part of the district suffers from over saturation and the problem has always been to arrest erosion. These rivers with innumerable minor streams swell during the rains. In the upper portion of their courses their numerous tentacles extend well into the level plains of soil and collect the water during monsoon over a wide area. Swollen by the floods thus brought down they gather force and cut deep channels with abrupt sides well below the surface of the surrounding country which they sometimes flood. As the streams approach the main rivers their beds beceme broader, their banks more broken, and their streams more swollen by tributaries on the either side. Besides rendering a large area of land uncultnrable by forming ravines, the streams by the scour they produce have been gradually thinning the upper stratum of good black soil and the deterioration still continues. In tehsils Moth and Garautha the damage caused by overdrainage is probaly more rampant than elsewhere. 4. Following the physical characteristics of the country, the district may be divided Soils into five soil tracts-the Black soil tract, the Red soil tract, the Light soil tract, the Riverain tract and the Pathar tract. The black soil is highly argillaceous and somewhat calcareous ii clay ; it is very adhesive when wetted, and, from its very absorbent nature, expiLllds and contracts to a very great extent under the successive influence of moisture lltnd dryness.