A Preliminary Survey of Bamboo-Shoot Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Acanthonevrini, Gastrozonini), with Four New Records from Bangladesh

Academic Journal of Entomology 10 (1): 01-04, 2017 ISSN 1995-8994 © IDOSI Publications, 2017 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aje.2017.01.04

A Preliminary Survey of Bamboo-Shoot Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Acanthonevrini, Gastrozonini), With Four New Records from Bangladesh

1Mahfuza Khan, 12 M. Abdul Bari, Mahmudul Hossain, 3 Damir Kovac, 4Amnon Freidberg, 56 Jane Royer and David L. Hancock

1Insect Biotechnology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB) Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Ganakbari- 1349, Savar, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh 2Radiation Entomology and Acarology Division, IFRB, AERE 3Forschungsinstitute Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 4Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel 5Plant Biosecurity and Product Integrity Biosecurity, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia 68/3 McPherson Close, Edge Hill, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia

Abstract: A preliminary survey of bamboo-shoot fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Acanthonevrini, Gastrozonini) of Bangladesh was conducted at the National Botanical Garden (NBG), Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh during April to August, 2015. Most of the specimens were collected by carefully placing glass test tubes and polythene bags over the flies. On each collection day young bamboo shoots were broken in order to attract adult flies. Some species were collected from bamboo clumps/stands by hand picking. Six different bamboo-shoot fly species viz., Felderimyia gombakensis Hancock and Drew, Rioxoptilona dunlopi (van der Wulp) and Rioxoptilona vaga (Wiedemann) in Tribe Acanthonevrini (Tephritidae: Phytalmiinae), plus Acroceratitis distincta (Zia), Acroceratitis ceratitina (Bezzi) and Gastrozona soror (Schiner) in Tribe Gastrozonini (Tephritidae: Dacinae) were detected and collected. F. gombakensis, R. vaga, A. distincta and G. soror are new records for Bangladesh. Comparatively higher number of G. soror (40), followed by A. ceratitina (20) and R. dunlopi (10) were collected during the survey.

Key words: Tephritidae Acanthonevrini Gastrozonini Fruit Fly Bamboo First Record

INTRODUCTION Some of these species breed in bamboo shoots in an advanced state of decay, while the larvae of others live Fruit flies breeding in bamboo (Poaceae: semi-aquatically in the internodes of older shoots or dead Bambusoidea) are one of the least studied groups of culms [6-9]. tephritids [1]. Two groups of Tephritidae are known to be Worldwide, bamboo represents a resource of growing associated with bamboo (Poaceae) in the Oriental region: economic importance. The mechanical properties of Gastrozonini (Dacinae) and Acanthonevrini (Phytalmiinae) bamboo stems make them an important material for [2]. In the Dacinae, only the tribe Gastrozonini has durable and light weight construction and for use in acquired bamboo as a host. The Asian species with handicrafts [10-12]. The shoots are widely used as food in known host records all breed in bamboo, whereas the Asian cuisine. Seven species of bamboo have been African species breed in other Poaceae such as Panicum, observed to grow naturally in the forests of Bangladesh. Sorghum and Zea. [3-5]. On the other hand, the subfamily Among them, the most dominant species is Melocanna Phytalmiinae hosts a cluster of genera which, at least in baccifera (Muli), covering an area of 90, 000 ha, which is part, exploit bamboo in various stages and conditions. 70-90 percent of the total hill bamboo forests. Other All of them are assigned to the tribe Acanthonevrini [2]. species occur sporadically either in association with

Corresponding Author: Mahfuza Khan, Insect Biotechnology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. 1 Acad. J. Entomol., 10 (1): 01-04, 2017

M. baccifera or in isolation forming small patches of pure Acroceratitis distincta (Zia), Acroceratitis ceratitina vegetation [13-14]. However, increased number of studies (Bezzi) and Gastrozona soror (Schiner) in Tribe has already been done on the diversity of various insect Gastrozonini (Subfamily Dacinae). fauna [15, 16, 17, 18, 19] including bamboo-shoot fruit flies The collected species are illustrated in Fig. 1. They [3, 4] in Asian countries. In Bangladesh very little is are best identified using keys provided by Hancock [20] known about the bamboo-inhabiting phytophagous and Hancock [21] for Acanthonevrini and Hancock and insects, especially flies in the family Tephritidae. Research Drew [4] for Gastrozonini. F. gombakensis (Fig. 1A) related to identifying bamboo-breeding tephritids could belongs in the Sophira complex [21] and is found mostly be useful in collecting taxonomic data of this group, on upright older bamboo shoots and stems, while R. understanding their host use pattern and their impact on dunlopi (Fig. 1B) and R. vaga (Fig. 1 C) belong in the bamboos and to manage the pest species. The present Acanthonevra complex [20] and infest decaying shoots, study was therefore undertaken to collect and identify with R. vaga readily separated by the subhyaline stripe the bamboo shoot flies inhabiting the different varieties of over the DM-Cu crossvein, which is entirely brown in R. bamboo in Bangladesh. dunlopi. A. distincta (Fig. 1D), A. ceratitina (Fig. 1E) and G. soror (Fig. 1F) all infest developing bamboo shoots MATERIALS AND METHODS and are readily identified by their wing and scutal markings, with A. ceratitina additionally recognisable by A preliminary survey of the bamboo-shoot flies of its black-spotted postpronotal lobes and G. soror by its Bangladesh was conducted at the National Botanical converging posterior apical and subapical bands in the Garden (NBG) during April to August, 2015. The National distal portion of the wing. Comparatively higher number Botanical Garden covers an area of about 84 ha of land of G. soror (40), followed by A. ceratitina (20), R. dunlopi located at Mirpur, about 10 km from Dhaka city. The (10), A. distincta (7), R. vaga (5) and F. gombakensis (4), garden is divided into 57 sections and is managed by the were collected during the survey. Government through the Department of Forestry, Ministry In the present study, the three bamboo shoot flies of Environment and Forests. At Section 48 there is a recorded from Bangladesh in Tribe Acanthonevrini are bamboo garden containing 20 bamboo species from F. gombakensis, R. dunlopiand R. vaga. Felderimyia different parts of the Oriental Region (Bangladesh, China, species are associated with living bamboo shoots or Thailand), viz. Bambusa arundinacea (Kata Bash), stems [9] while Rioxoptiolona develops in dead or Bambusa ventricisa (Ghoti Bash), Bambusa chinensis decaying bamboo shoots [9, 22, 23]. F. gombakensis was (China Bash), Dendrocalamus giganteus (Vudum Bash), recorded previously from southern China, Thailand and M. baccifera (Muli Bash), etc. During the survey and on West Malaysia [9, 21]. R. dunlopi was recorded each collection day young bamboo shoots were broken previously from Bangladesh and northeastern India and in order to attract adult flies. Some species were collected southern China to Sumatra and Java in Indonesia, while from bamboo clumps/stands by hand picking between 10 R. vaga was recorded previously from north eastern India am and 2 pm. Most of the flies were collected by carefully and southern China to West Malaysia [20]. The present placing glass test tubes and polythene bags over the flies. records of F. gombakensis and R. vaga are new for Collected flies were then photographed and different Bangladesh [24]. morphological and taxonomic features were examined for The three Gastrozonini species recorded from identification [4, 20, 21]. Specimens and/or images of all Bangladesh are A. distincta, A. ceratitina and G. soror. species collected were sent to Damir Kovac in Germany Many species of Gastrozonini have been recorded as and David Hancock in Australia for confirmation of the being attracted to freshly cut bamboo shoots [4] and this identifications. behavior is possibly diagnostic for the Tribe. Seven Acroceratitis species were reported from India [25, 26]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Later in 2014, two more Indian Acroceratitis species were added [27]. Of the two Acroceratitis species During the survey six different bamboo-shoot fly recorded here, A. distincta was known previously species were collected, viz. Felderimyia gombakensis from India, southern China, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, Hancock and Drew, Rioxoptilona dunlopi (Van der Wulp) while A. ceratitina was known previously from northern and Rioxoptilona vaga (Wiedemann) in Tribe India, southern China, Burma and Thailand [22]. Acanthonevrini (subfamily Phythalmiinae), plus ‘Chelyophora ceratitina Bezzi’ (i.e. A. ceratitina) was

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